1 /*
2  * Single-precision e^x function.
3  *
4  * Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
5  * See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
6  * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
7  */
8 
9 #include <math.h>
10 #include <stdint.h>
11 #include "math_config.h"
12 
13 /*
14 EXP2F_TABLE_BITS = 5
15 EXP2F_POLY_ORDER = 3
16 
17 ULP error: 0.502 (nearest rounding.)
18 Relative error: 1.69 * 2^-34 in [-ln2/64, ln2/64] (before rounding.)
19 Wrong count: 170635 (all nearest rounding wrong results with fma.)
20 Non-nearest ULP error: 1 (rounded ULP error)
21 */
22 
23 #define N (1 << EXP2F_TABLE_BITS)
24 #define InvLn2N __exp2f_data.invln2_scaled
25 #define T __exp2f_data.tab
26 #define C __exp2f_data.poly_scaled
27 
28 static inline uint32_t
top12(float x)29 top12 (float x)
30 {
31   return asuint (x) >> 20;
32 }
33 
34 float
expf(float x)35 expf (float x)
36 {
37   uint32_t abstop;
38   uint64_t ki, t;
39   /* double_t for better performance on targets with FLT_EVAL_METHOD==2.  */
40   double_t kd, xd, z, r, r2, y, s;
41 
42   xd = (double_t) x;
43   abstop = top12 (x) & 0x7ff;
44   if (unlikely (abstop >= top12 (88.0f)))
45     {
46       /* |x| >= 88 or x is nan.  */
47       if (asuint (x) == asuint (-INFINITY))
48 	return 0.0f;
49       if (abstop >= top12 (INFINITY))
50 	return x + x;
51       if (x > 0x1.62e42ep6f) /* x > log(0x1p128) ~= 88.72 */
52 	return __math_oflowf (0);
53       if (x < -0x1.9fe368p6f) /* x < log(0x1p-150) ~= -103.97 */
54 	return __math_uflowf (0);
55 #if WANT_ERRNO_UFLOW
56       if (x < -0x1.9d1d9ep6f) /* x < log(0x1p-149) ~= -103.28 */
57 	return __math_may_uflowf (0);
58 #endif
59     }
60 
61   /* x*N/Ln2 = k + r with r in [-1/2, 1/2] and int k.  */
62   z = InvLn2N * xd;
63 
64   /* Round and convert z to int, the result is in [-150*N, 128*N] and
65      ideally nearest int is used, otherwise the magnitude of r can be
66      bigger which gives larger approximation error.  */
67 #if TOINT_INTRINSICS
68   kd = roundtoint (z);
69   ki = converttoint (z);
70 #else
71 # define SHIFT __exp2f_data.shift
72   kd = eval_as_double (z + SHIFT);
73   ki = asuint64 (kd);
74   kd -= SHIFT;
75 #endif
76   r = z - kd;
77 
78   /* exp(x) = 2^(k/N) * 2^(r/N) ~= s * (C0*r^3 + C1*r^2 + C2*r + 1) */
79   t = T[ki % N];
80   t += ki << (52 - EXP2F_TABLE_BITS);
81   s = asdouble (t);
82   z = C[0] * r + C[1];
83   r2 = r * r;
84   y = C[2] * r + 1;
85   y = z * r2 + y;
86   y = y * s;
87   return eval_as_float (y);
88 }
89 #if USE_GLIBC_ABI
90 strong_alias (expf, __expf_finite)
91 hidden_alias (expf, __ieee754_expf)
92 #endif
93