1 2%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% file ithyph.tex 3 4%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% file ithyph.tex %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 5% 6% Prepared by Claudio Beccari e-mail beccari@polito.it 7% 8% Dipartimento di Elettronica 9% Politecnico di Torino 10% Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24 11% 10129 TORINO 12% 13% Copyright 1998, 2001 Claudio Beccari 14% 15% This program can be redistributed and/or modified under the terms 16% of the LaTeX Project Public License Distributed from CTAN 17% archives in directory macros/latex/base/lppl.txt; either 18% version 1 of the License, or any later version. 19% 20% \versionnumber{4.8d} \versiondate{2001/11/21} 21% 22% These hyphenation patterns for the Italian language are supposed to comply 23% with the Reccomendation UNI 6461 on hyphenation issued by the Italian 24% Standards Institution (Ente Nazionale di Unificazione UNI). No guarantee 25% or declaration of fitness to any particular purpose is given and any 26% liability is disclaimed. 27% 28% See comments and loading instructions at the end of the file after the 29% \endinput line 30% 31{\lccode`\'=`\' % Apostrophe has its own lccode so that it is treated 32 % as a letter 33 %>> 1998/04/14 inserted grouping 34 % 35%\lccode23=23 % Compound word mark is a letter in encoding T1 36%\def\W{^^W} % ^^W =\char23 = \char"17 =\char'27 37% 38\patterns{ 39.a3p2n % After the Garzanti dictionary: a-pnea, a-pnoi-co,... 40.anti1 .anti3m2n 41.bio1 42.ca4p3s 43.circu2m1 44.di2s3cine 45%.e2x 46.fran2k3 47.free3 48.narco1 49.opto1 50.orto3p2 51.para1 52.poli3p2 53.pre1 54.p2s 55%.ri1a2 .ri1e2 .re1i2 .ri1o2 .ri1u2 56.sha2re3 57.tran2s3c .tran2s3d .tran2s3f .tran2s3l .tran2s3n .tran2s3p .tran2s3r .tran2s3t 58.su2b3lu .su2b3r 59.wa2g3n 60.wel2t1 61a1ia a1ie a1io a1iu a1uo a1ya 2at. 62e1iu e2w 63o1ia o1ie o1io o1iu 64%u1u 65% 66%1\W0a2 1\W0e2 1\W0i2 1\W0o2 1\W0u2 67'2 681b 2bb 2bc 2bd 2bf 2bm 2bn 2bp 2bs 2bt 2bv 69 b2l b2r 2b. 2b'. 2b'' 701c 2cb 2cc 2cd 2cf 2ck 2cm 2cn 2cq 2cs 2ct 2cz 71 2chh c2h 2chb ch2r 2chn c2l c2r 2c. 2c'. 2c'' .c2 721d 2db 2dd 2dg 2dl 2dm 2dn 2dp d2r 2ds 2dt 2dv 2dw 73 2d. 2d'. 2d'' .d2 741f 2fb 2fg 2ff 2fn f2l f2r 2fs 2ft 2f. 2f'. 2f'' 751g 2gb 2gd 2gf 2gg g2h g2l 2gm g2n 2gp g2r 2gs 2gt 76 2gv 2gw 2gz 2gh2t 2g. 2g'. 2g'' 771h 2hb 2hd 2hh hi3p2n h2l 2hm 2hn 2hr 2hv 2h. 2h'. 2h'' 781j 2j. 2j'. 2j'' 791k 2kg 2kf k2h 2kk k2l 2km k2r 2ks 2kt 2k. 2k'. 2k'' 801l 2lb 2lc 2ld 2l3f2 2lg l2h 2lk 2ll 2lm 2ln 2lp 81 2lq 2lr 2ls 2lt 2lv 2lw 2lz 2l. 2l'. 2l'' 821m 2mb 2mc 2mf 2ml 2mm 2mn 2mp 2mq 2mr 2ms 2mt 2mv 2mw 83 2m. 2m'. 2m'' 841n 2nb 2nc 2nd 2nf 2ng 2nk 2nl 2nm 2nn 2np 2nq 2nr 85 2ns 2nt 2nv 2nz n2g3n 2nheit. 2n. 2n' 2n'' 861p 2pd p2h p2l 2pn 3p2ne 2pp p2r 2ps 3p2sic 2pt 2pz 2p. 2p'. 2p'' 871q 2qq 2q. 2q'. 2q'' 881r 2rb 2rc 2rd 2rf r2h 2rg 2rk 2rl 2rm 2rn 2rp 89 2rq 2rr 2rs 2rt rt2s3 2rv 2rx 2rw 2rz 2r. 2r'. 2r'' 901s2 2shm 2s3s s4s3m 2s3p2n 2stb 2stc 2std 2stf 2stg 2stm 2stn 91 2stp 2sts 2stt 2stv 2sz 4s. 4s'. 4s'' 921t 2tb 2tc 2td 2tf 2tg t2h t2l 2tm 2tn 2tp t2r 2ts 93 3t2sch 2tt 2tv 2tw t2z 2tzk 2tzs 2t. 2t'. 2t'' 941v 2vc v2l v2r 2vv 2v. 2v'. 2v'' 951w w2h wa2r 2w1y 2w. 2w'. 2w'' 961x 2xt 2xw 2x. 2x'. 2x'' 97y1ou y1i 981z 2zb 2zd 2zl 2zn 2zp 2zt 2zs 2zv 2zz 2z. 2z'. 2z'' .z2 99}} % Pattern end 100 101\endinput 102 103%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Information %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 104 105 106 LOADING THESE PATTERNS 107 108These patterns, as well as those for any other language, do not become 109effective until they are loaded in a special form into a format file; this 110task is performed by the TeX initializer; any TeX system has its own 111initializer with its special way of being activated. Before loading these 112patterns, then, it is necessary to read very carefully the instructions that 113come with your TeX system. 114 115Here I describe how to load the patterns with the freeware TeX system named 116MiKTeX version 2.x for Windows 9x, NT, 2000, XP; with minor changes the 117whole procedure is applicable with other TeX systems, but the details must 118be deduced from your TeX system documentation at the section/chapter "How to 119build or to rebuild a format file". 120 121With MikTeX: 122 123a) copy this file and replace the existing file ithyph.tex in the directory 124 \texmf\tex\generic\hyphen if the existing one has an older version date 125 and number. 126b) select Start|Programs|MiKTeX|MiKTeX options. 127c) in the Language tab add a check mark to the line concerning the Italian 128 language. 129d) in the Geneal tab click "Update format files". 130e) That's all! 131 132For the activation of these patterns with the specific Italian typesetting 133features, use the babel package as this: 134 135\documentclass{article} % Or whatever other class 136\usepackage[italian]{babel} 137... 138\begin{document} 139... 140\end{document} 141 142 143 ON ITALIAN HYPHENATION 144 145I have been working on patterns for the Italian language since 1987; in 1992 146I published 147 148C. Beccari, "Computer aided hyphenation for Italian and Modern 149 Latin", TUG vol. 13, n. 1, pp. 23-33 (1992) 150 151which contained a set of patterns that allowed hyphenation for both Italian 152and Latin; a slightly modified version of the patterns published in the 153above paper is contained in LAHYPH.TEX available on the CTAN archives. 154 155From the above patterns I extracted the minimum set necessary for 156hyphenating Italian that was made available on the CTAN archives with the 157name ITHYPH.tex the version number 3.5 on the 16th of August 1994. 158 159The original pattern set required 37 ops; being interested in a local 160version of TeX/LaTeX capable of dealing with half a dozen languages, I 161wanted to reduce memory occupation and therefore the number of ops. 162 163Th new version (4.0 released in 1996) of ITHYPH.TEX is much simpler than 164version 3.5 and requires just 29 ops while it retains all the power of 165version 3.5; it contains many more new patterns that allow to hyphenate 166unusual words that generally have a root borrowed from a foreign language. 167Updated versions 4.x contain minor additions and the number of ops is 168increased to 30 (version 4.7 of 1998/06/01). 169 170This new pattern set has been tested with the same set of difficult Italian 171words that was used to test version 3.5 and it yields the same results (a 172part a minor change that was deliberately introduced so as to reduce the 173typographical hyphenation with hyathi, since hyphenated hyathi are not 174appreciated by Italian readers). A new enlarged word set for testing 175purposes gets correct hyphen points that were missed or wrongly placed with 176version 3.5, although no error had been reported, because such words are of 177very specialized nature and are seldom used. 178 179As the previous version, this new set of patterns does not contain any 180accented character so that the hyphenation algorithm behaves properly in 181both cases, that is with cm and with dc/ec fonts. With LaTeXe terminology 182the difference is between OT1 and T1 encodings; with the former encoding 183fonts do not contain accented characters, while with the latter accented 184characters are present and sequences such as \`a map directly to slot "E0 185that contains "agrave". 186 187Of course if you use dc/ec fonts (or any other real or virtual font with T1 188encoding) you get the full power of the hyphenation algorithm, while if you 189use cm fonts (or any other real or virtual font with OT1 encoding) you miss 190some possible break points; this is not a big inconvenience in Italian 191because: 192 1931) The Regulation UNI 6015 on accents specifies that compulsory accents 194 appear only on the ending vowel of oxitone words; this means that it is 195 almost indifferent to have or to miss the dc/ec fonts because the only 196 difference consists in how TeX evaluates the end of the word; in practice 197 if you have these special facilities you get "qua-li-t\`a", while if you 198 miss them, you get "qua-lit\`a" (assuming that \righthyphenmin > 1). 199 2002) Optional accents are so rare in Italian, that if you absolutely want to 201 use them in those rare instances, and you miss the T1 encoding 202 facilities, you should also provide explicit discretionary hyphens as in 203 "s\'e\-gui\-to". 204 205There is no explicit hyphenation exception list because these patterns 206proved to hyphenate correctly a very large set of words suitably chosen in 207order to test them in the most heavy circumstances; these patterns were used 208in the preparation of a number of books and no errors were discovered. 209 210Nevertheless if you frequently use technical terms that you want hyphenated 211differently from what is normally done (for example if you prefer 212etymological hyphenation of prefixed and/or suffixed words) you should 213insert a specific hyphenation list in the preamble of your document, for 214example: 215 216\hyphenation{su-per-in-dut-to-re su-per-in-dut-to-ri} 217 218Should you find any word that gets hyphenated in a wrong way, please, AFTER 219CHECKING ON A RELIABLE MODERN DICTIONARY, report to the author, preferably 220by e-mail. 221 222 223 Happy multilingual typesetting ! 224