1------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2--                                                                          --
3--                         GNAT COMPILER COMPONENTS                         --
4--                                                                          --
5--                             S E M _ A T T R                              --
6--                                                                          --
7--                                 S p e c                                  --
8--                                                                          --
9--          Copyright (C) 1992-2003, Free Software Foundation, Inc.         --
10--                                                                          --
11-- GNAT is free software;  you can  redistribute it  and/or modify it under --
12-- terms of the  GNU General Public License as published  by the Free Soft- --
13-- ware  Foundation;  either version 2,  or (at your option) any later ver- --
14-- sion.  GNAT is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITH- --
15-- OUT ANY WARRANTY;  without even the  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY --
16-- or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License --
17-- for  more details.  You should have  received  a copy of the GNU General --
18-- Public License  distributed with GNAT;  see file COPYING.  If not, write --
19-- to  the Free Software Foundation,  59 Temple Place - Suite 330,  Boston, --
20-- MA 02111-1307, USA.                                                      --
21--                                                                          --
22-- GNAT was originally developed  by the GNAT team at  New York University. --
23-- Extensive contributions were provided by Ada Core Technologies Inc.      --
24--                                                                          --
25------------------------------------------------------------------------------
26
27--  Attribute handling is isolated in a separate package to ease the addition
28--  of implementation defined attributes. Logically this processing belongs
29--  in chapter 4. See Sem_Ch4 for a description of the relation of the
30--  Analyze and Resolve routines for expression components.
31
32--  This spec also documents all GNAT implementation defined pragmas
33
34with Snames; use Snames;
35with Types;  use Types;
36
37package Sem_Attr is
38
39   type Attribute_Class_Array is array (Attribute_Id) of Boolean;
40   --  Type used to build attribute classification flag arrays
41
42   -----------------------------------------
43   -- Implementation Dependent Attributes --
44   -----------------------------------------
45
46   --  This section describes the implementation dependent attributes
47   --  provided in GNAT, as well as constructing an array of flags
48   --  indicating which attributes these are.
49
50   Attribute_Impl_Def : Attribute_Class_Array := Attribute_Class_Array'(
51
52      ------------------
53      -- Abort_Signal --
54      ------------------
55
56      Attribute_Abort_Signal => True,
57      --
58      --  Standard'Abort_Signal (Standard is the only allowed prefix)
59      --  provides the entity for the special exception used to signal
60      --  task abort or asynchronous transfer of control. Normally this
61      --  attribute should only be used in the tasking runtime (it is
62      --  highly peculiar, and completely outside the normal semantics
63      --  of Ada, for a user program to intercept the abort exception).
64
65      ------------------
66      -- Address_Size --
67      ------------------
68
69      Attribute_Address_Size => True,
70      --
71      --  Standard'Address_Size (Standard is the only allowed prefix) is
72      --  a static constant giving the number of bits in an Address. It
73      --  is used primarily for constructing the definition of Memory_Size
74      --  in package Standard, but may be freely used in user programs.
75      --  This is a static attribute.
76
77      ---------------
78      -- Asm_Input --
79      ---------------
80
81      Attribute_Asm_Input => True,
82      --
83      --  Used only in conjunction with the Asm and Asm_Volatile subprograms
84      --  in package Machine_Code to construct machine instructions. See
85      --  documentation in package Machine_Code in file s-maccod.ads.
86
87      ----------------
88      -- Asm_Output --
89      ----------------
90
91      Attribute_Asm_Output => True,
92      --
93      --  Used only in conjunction with the Asm and Asm_Volatile subprograms
94      --  in package Machine_Code to construct machine instructions. See
95      --  documentation in package Machine_Code in file s-maccod.ads.
96
97      ---------------
98      -- AST_Entry --
99      ---------------
100
101      Attribute_AST_Entry => True,
102      --
103      --  E'Ast_Entry, where E is a task entry, yields a value of the
104      --  predefined type System.DEC.AST_Handler, that enables the given
105      --  entry to be called when an AST occurs. If the name to which the
106      --  attribute applies has not been specified with the pragma AST_Entry,
107      --  the attribute returns the value No_Ast_Handler, and no AST occurs.
108      --  If the entry is for a task that is not callable (T'Callable False),
109      --  the exception program error is raised. If an AST occurs for an
110      --  entry of a task that is terminated, the program is erroneous.
111      --
112      --  The attribute AST_Entry is supported only in OpenVMS versions
113      --  of GNAT. It will be rejected as illegal in other GNAT versions.
114
115      ---------
116      -- Bit --
117      ---------
118
119      Attribute_Bit => True,
120      --
121      --  Obj'Bit, where Obj is any object, yields the bit offset within
122      --  the storage unit (byte) that contains the first bit of storage
123      --  allocated for the object. The value of this attribute is of the
124      --  type Universal_Integer, and is always a non-negative number not
125      --  exceeding the value of System.Storage_Unit.
126      --
127      --  For an object that is a variable or a constant allocated in a
128      --  register, the value is zero. (The use of this attribute does not
129      --  force the allocation of a variable to memory).
130      --
131      --  For an object that is a formal parameter, this attribute applies
132      --  to either the matching actual parameter or to a copy of the
133      --  matching actual parameter.
134      --
135      --  For an access object the value is zero. Note that Obj.all'Bit is
136      --  subject to an Access_Check for the designated object. Similarly
137      --  for a record component X.C'Bit is subject to a discriminant check
138      --  and X(I).Bit and X(I1..I2)'Bit are subject to index checks.
139      --
140      --  This attribute is designed to be compatible with the DEC Ada
141      --  definition and implementation of the Bit attribute.
142
143      ------------------
144      -- Code_Address --
145      ------------------
146
147      Attribute_Code_Address => True,
148      --
149      --  subp'Code_Address, where subp is a subprogram entity, gives the
150      --  address of the first generated instruction for a subprogram. This
151      --  is often, but not always the same as the 'Address value, which is
152      --  the address to be used in a call. The differences occur in the case
153      --  of a nested procedure (where Address yields the address of the
154      --  trampoline code used to load the static link), and on some systems
155      --  which use procedure descriptors (in which case Address yields the
156      --  address of the descriptor).
157
158      -----------------------
159      -- Default_Bit_Order --
160      -----------------------
161
162      Attribute_Default_Bit_Order => True,
163      --
164      --  Standard'Default_Bit_Order (Standard is the only permissible prefix),
165      --  provides the value System.Default_Bit_Order as a Pos value (0 for
166      --  High_Order_First, 1 for Low_Order_First). This is used to construct
167      --  the definition of Default_Bit_Order in package System. This is a
168      --  static attribute.
169
170      ---------------
171      -- Elab_Body --
172      ---------------
173
174      Attribute_Elab_Body => True,
175      --
176      --  This attribute can only be applied to a program unit name. It
177      --  returns the entity for the corresponding elaboration procedure
178      --  for elaborating the body of the referenced unit. This is used
179      --  in the main generated elaboration procedure by the binder, and
180      --  is not normally used in any other context, but there may be
181      --  specialized situations in which it is useful to be able to
182      --  call this elaboration procedure from Ada code, e.g. if it
183      --  is necessary to do selective reelaboration to fix some error.
184
185      ---------------
186      -- Elab_Spec --
187      ---------------
188
189      Attribute_Elab_Spec => True,
190      --
191      --  This attribute can only be applied to a program unit name. It
192      --  returns the entity for the corresponding elaboration procedure
193      --  for elaborating the spec of the referenced unit. This is used
194      --  in the main generated elaboration procedure by the binder, and
195      --  is not normally used in any other context, but there may be
196      --  specialized situations in which it is useful to be able to
197      --  call this elaboration procedure from Ada code, e.g. if it
198      --  is necessary to do selective reelaboration to fix some error.
199
200      ----------------
201      -- Elaborated --
202      ----------------
203
204      Attribute_Elaborated => True,
205      --
206      --  Lunit'Elaborated, where Lunit is a library unit, yields a boolean
207      --  value indicating whether or not the body of the designated library
208      --  unit has been elaborated yet.
209
210      --------------
211      -- Enum_Rep --
212      --------------
213
214      Attribute_Enum_Rep => True,
215      --
216      --  For every enumeration subtype S, S'Enum_Rep denotes a function
217      --  with the following specification:
218      --
219      --    function S'Enum_Rep (Arg : S'Base) return universal_integer;
220      --
221      --  The function returns the representation value for the given
222      --  enumeration value. This will be equal to the 'Pos value in the
223      --  absence of an enumeration representation clause. This is a static
224      --  attribute (i.e. the result is static if the argument is static).
225
226      -----------------
227      -- Fixed_Value --
228      -----------------
229
230      Attribute_Fixed_Value => True,
231      --
232      --  For every fixed-point type S, S'Fixed_Value denotes a function
233      --  with the following specification:
234      --
235      --    function S'Fixed_Value (Arg : universal_integer) return S;
236      --
237      --  The value returned is the fixed-point value V such that
238      --
239      --    V = Arg * S'Small
240      --
241      --  The effect is thus equivalent to first converting the argument
242      --  to the integer type used to represent S, and then doing an
243      --  unchecked conversion to the fixed-point type. This attribute is
244      --  primarily intended for use in implementation of the input-output
245      --  functions for fixed-point values.
246
247      -----------------------
248      -- Has_Discriminants --
249      -----------------------
250
251      Attribute_Has_Discriminants => True,
252      --
253      --  Gtyp'Has_Discriminants, where Gtyp is a generic formal type, yields
254      --  a Boolean value indicating whether or not the actual instantiation
255      --  type has discriminants.
256
257      ---------
258      -- Img --
259      ---------
260
261      Attribute_Img => True,
262      --
263      --  The 'Img function is defined for any prefix, P, that denotes an
264      --  object of scalar type T. P'Img is equivalent to T'Image (P). This
265      --  is convenient for debugging. For example:
266      --
267      --     Put_Line ("X = " & X'Img);
268      --
269      --  has the same meaning as the more verbose:
270      --
271      --     Put_Line ("X = " & Temperature_Type'Image (X));
272      --
273      --  where Temperature_Type is the subtype of the object X.
274
275      -------------------
276      -- Integer_Value --
277      -------------------
278
279      Attribute_Integer_Value => True,
280      --
281      --  For every integer type S, S'Integer_Value denotes a function
282      --  with the following specification:
283      --
284      --    function S'Integer_Value (Arg : universal_fixed) return S;
285      --
286      --  The value returned is the integer value V, such that
287      --
288      --    Arg = V * fixed-type'Small
289      --
290      --  The effect is thus equivalent to first doing an unchecked convert
291      --  from the fixed-point type to its corresponding implementation type,
292      --  and then converting the result to the target integer type. This
293      --  attribute is primarily intended for use in implementation of the
294      --  standard input-output functions for fixed-point values.
295
296      ------------------
297      -- Machine_Size --
298      ------------------
299
300      Attribute_Machine_Size => True,
301      --
302      --  This attribute is identical to the Object_Size attribute. It is
303      --  provided for compatibility with the DEC attribute of this name.
304
305      -----------------------
306      -- Maximum_Alignment --
307      -----------------------
308
309      Attribute_Maximum_Alignment => True,
310      --
311      --  Standard'Maximum_Alignment (Standard is the only permissible prefix)
312      --  provides the maximum useful alignment value for the target. This
313      --  is a static value that can be used to specify the alignment for an
314      --  object, guaranteeing that it is properly aligned in all cases. The
315      --  time this is useful is when an external object is imported and its
316      --  alignment requirements are unknown. This is a static attribute.
317
318      --------------------
319      -- Mechanism_Code --
320      --------------------
321
322      Attribute_Mechanism_Code => True,
323      --
324      --  function'Mechanism_Code yeilds an integer code for the mechanism
325      --  used for the result of function, and subprogram'Mechanism_Code (n)
326      --  yields the mechanism used for formal parameter number n (a static
327      --  integer value, 1 = first parameter). The code returned is:
328      --
329      --     1 = by copy (value)
330      --     2 = by reference
331      --     3 = by descriptor (default descriptor type)
332      --     4 = by descriptor (UBS  unaligned bit string)
333      --     5 = by descriptor (UBSB aligned bit string with arbitrary bounds)
334      --     6 = by descriptor (UBA  unaligned bit array)
335      --     7 = by descriptor (S    string, also scalar access type parameter)
336      --     8 = by descriptor (SB   string with arbitrary bounds)
337      --     9 = by descriptor (A    contiguous array)
338      --    10 = by descriptor (NCA  non-contiguous array)
339
340      --------------------
341      -- Null_Parameter --
342      --------------------
343
344      Attribute_Null_Parameter => True,
345      --
346      --  A reference T'Null_Parameter denotes an (imaginary) object of
347      --  type or subtype T allocated at (machine) address zero. The
348      --  attribute is allowed only as the default expression of a formal
349      --  parameter, or as an actual expression of a subporgram call. In
350      --  either case, the subprogram must be imported.
351      --
352      --  The identity of the object is represented by the address zero
353      --  in the argument list, independent of the passing mechanism
354      --  (explicit or default).
355      --
356      --  The reason that this capability is needed is that for a record
357      --  or other composite object passed by reference, there is no other
358      --  way of specifying that a zero address should be passed.
359
360      -----------------
361      -- Object_Size --
362      -----------------
363
364      Attribute_Object_Size => True,
365      --
366      --  Type'Object_Size is the same as Type'Size for all types except
367      --  fixed-point types and discrete types. For fixed-point types and
368      --  discrete types, this attribute gives the size used for default
369      --  allocation of objects and components of the size. See section
370      --  in Einfo ("Handling of type'Size values") for further details.
371
372      -------------------------
373      -- Passed_By_Reference --
374      -------------------------
375
376      Attribute_Passed_By_Reference => True,
377      --
378      --  T'Passed_By_Reference for any subtype T returns a boolean value
379      --  that is true if the type is normally passed by reference and
380      --  false if the type is normally passed by copy in calls. For scalar
381      --  types, the result is always False and is static. For non-scalar
382      --  types, the result is non-static (since it is computed by Gigi).
383
384      ------------------
385      -- Range_Length --
386      ------------------
387
388      Attribute_Range_Length => True,
389      --
390      --  T'Range_Length for any discrete type T yields the number of
391      --  values represented by the subtype (zero for a null range). The
392      --  result is static for static subtypes. Note that Range_Length
393      --  applied to the index subtype of a one dimensional array always
394      --  gives the same result as Range applied to the array itself.
395      --  The result is of type universal integer.
396
397      ------------------
398      -- Storage_Unit --
399      ------------------
400
401      Attribute_Storage_Unit => True,
402      --
403      --  Standard'Storage_Unit (Standard is the only permissible prefix)
404      --  provides the value System.Storage_Unit, and is intended primarily
405      --  for constructing this definition in package System (see note above
406      --  in Default_Bit_Order description). The is a static attribute.
407
408      -----------------
409      -- Target_Name --
410      -----------------
411
412      Attribute_Target_Name => True,
413      --
414      --  Standard'Target_Name yields the string identifying the target
415      --  for the compilation, taken from Sdefault.Target_Name.
416
417      ----------------
418      -- To_Address --
419      ----------------
420
421      Attribute_To_Address => True,
422      --
423      --  System'To_Address (Address is the only permissible prefix)
424      --  is a function that takes any integer value, and converts it into
425      --  an address value. The semantics is to first convert the integer
426      --  value to type Integer_Address according to normal conversion
427      --  rules, and then to convert this to an address using the same
428      --  semantics as the System.Storage_Elements.To_Address function.
429      --  The important difference is that this is a static attribute
430      --  so it can be used in initializations in preealborate packages.
431
432      ----------------
433      -- Type_Class --
434      ----------------
435
436      Attribute_Type_Class => True,
437      --
438      --  T'Type_Class for any type or subtype T yields the value of the
439      --  type class for the full type of T. If T is a generic formal type,
440      --  then the value is the value for the corresponding actual subtype.
441      --  The value of this attribute is of type System.Aux_DEC.Type_Class,
442      --  which has the following definition:
443      --
444      --    type Type_Class is
445      --      (Type_Class_Enumeration,
446      --       Type_Class_Integer,
447      --       Type_Class_Fixed_Point,
448      --       Type_Class_Floating_Point,
449      --       Type_Class_Array,
450      --       Type_Class_Record,
451      --       Type_Class_Access,
452      --       Type_Class_Task,
453      --       Type_Class_Address);
454      --
455      --  Protected types yield the value Type_Class_Task, which thus
456      --  applies to all concurrent types. This attribute is designed to
457      --  be compatible with the DEC Ada attribute of the same name.
458      --
459      --  Note: if pragma Extend_System is used to merge the definitions of
460      --  Aux_DEC into System, then the type Type_Class can be referenced
461      --  as an entity within System, as can its enumeration literals.
462
463      -----------------
464      -- UET_Address --
465      -----------------
466
467      Attribute_UET_Address => True,
468      --
469      --  Unit'UET_Address, where Unit is a program unit, yields the address
470      --  of the unit exception table for the specified unit. This is only
471      --  used in the internal implementation of exception handling. See the
472      --  implementation of unit Ada.Exceptions for details on its use.
473
474      ------------------------------
475      -- Universal_Literal_String --
476      ------------------------------
477
478      Attribute_Universal_Literal_String => True,
479      --
480      --  The prefix of 'Universal_Literal_String must be a named number.
481      --  The static result is the string consisting of the characters of
482      --  the number as defined in the original source. This allows the
483      --  user program to access the actual text of named numbers without
484      --  intermediate conversions and without the need to enclose the
485      --  strings in quotes (which would preclude their use as numbers).
486      --  This is used internally for the construction of values of the
487      --  floating-point attributes from the file ttypef.ads, but may
488      --  also be used by user programs.
489
490      -------------------------
491      -- Unrestricted_Access --
492      -------------------------
493
494      Attribute_Unrestricted_Access => True,
495      --
496      --  The Unrestricted_Access attribute is similar to Access except that
497      --  all accessibility and aliased view checks are omitted. This is very
498      --  much a user-beware attribute. Basically its status is very similar
499      --  to Address, for which it is a desirable replacement where the value
500      --  desired is an access type. In other words, its effect is identical
501      --  to first taking 'Address and then doing an unchecked conversion to
502      --  a desired access type. Note that in GNAT, but not necessarily in
503      --  other implementations, the use of static chains for inner level
504      --  subprograms means that Unrestricted_Access applied to a subprogram
505      --  yields a value that can be called as long as the subprogram is in
506      --  scope (normal Ada 95 accessibility rules restrict this usage).
507
508      ---------------
509      -- VADS_Size --
510      ---------------
511
512      Attribute_VADS_Size => True,
513      --
514      --  Typ'VADS_Size yields the Size value typically yielded by some
515      --  Ada 83 compilers. The differences between VADS_Size and Size
516      --  is that for scalar types for which no Size has been specified,
517      --  VADS_Size yields the Object_Size rather than the Value_Size.
518      --  For example, while Natural'Size is typically 31, the value of
519      --  Natural'VADS_Size is 32. For all other types, Size and VADS_Size
520      --  yield the same value.
521
522      ----------------
523      -- Value_Size --
524      ----------------
525
526      Attribute_Value_Size => True,
527      --
528      --  Type'Value_Size is the number of bits required to represent a
529      --  value of the given subtype. It is the same as Type'Size, but,
530      --  unlike Size, may be set for non-first subtypes. See section
531      --  in Einfo ("Handling of type'Size values") for further details.
532
533      ---------------
534      -- Word_Size --
535      ---------------
536
537      Attribute_Word_Size => True,
538      --
539      --  Standard'Word_Size (Standard is the only permissible prefix)
540      --  provides the value System.Word_Size, and is intended primarily
541      --  for constructing this definition in package System (see note above
542      --  in Default_Bit_Order description). This is a static attribute.
543
544      others => False);
545
546   -----------------
547   -- Subprograms --
548   -----------------
549
550   procedure Analyze_Attribute (N : Node_Id);
551   --  Performs bottom up semantic analysis of an attribute. Note that the
552   --  parser has already checked that type returning attributes appear only
553   --  in appropriate contexts (i.e. in subtype marks, or as prefixes for
554   --  other attributes).
555
556   procedure Resolve_Attribute (N : Node_Id; Typ : Entity_Id);
557   --  Performs type resolution of attribute. If the attribute yields
558   --  a universal value, mark its type as that of the context. On
559   --  the other hand, if the context itself is universal (as in
560   --  T'Val (T'Pos (X)), mark the type as being the largest type of
561   --  that class that can be used at run-time. This is correct since
562   --  either the value gets folded (in which case it doesn't matter
563   --  what type of the class we give if, since the folding uses universal
564   --  arithmetic anyway) or it doesn't get folded (in which case it is
565   --  going to be dealt with at runtime, and the largest type is right).
566
567end Sem_Attr;
568