pdns-4.5.2/pdns/ixfrdist.cc

/*
 * This file is part of PowerDNS or dnsdist.
 * Copyright -- PowerDNS.COM B.V. and its contributors
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of version 2 of the GNU General Public License as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
 *
 * In addition, for the avoidance of any doubt, permission is granted to
 * link this program with OpenSSL and to (re)distribute the binaries
 * produced as the result of such linking.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 */
#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
#include "config.h"
#endif
#include <boost/program_options.hpp>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <grp.h>
#include <pwd.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <mutex>
#include <thread>
#include "threadname.hh"
#include <dirent.h>
#include <queue>
#include <condition_variable>
#include "ixfr.hh"
#include "ixfrutils.hh"
#include "axfr-retriever.hh"
#include "dns_random.hh"
#include "sstuff.hh"
#include "mplexer.hh"
#include "misc.hh"
#include "iputils.hh"
#include "logger.hh"
#include "ixfrdist-stats.hh"
#include "ixfrdist-web.hh"
#include <yaml-cpp/yaml.h>

/* BEGIN Needed because of deeper dependencies */
#include "arguments.hh"
#include "statbag.hh"
StatBag S;

ArgvMap &arg()
{
  static ArgvMap theArg;
  return theArg;
}
/* END Needed because of deeper dependencies */

// Allows reading/writing ComboAddresses and DNSNames in YAML-cpp
namespace YAML {
template<>
struct convert<ComboAddress> {
  static Node encode(const ComboAddress& rhs) {
    return Node(rhs.toStringWithPort());
  }
  static bool decode(const Node& node, ComboAddress& rhs) {
    if (!node.IsScalar()) {
      return false;
    }
    try {
      rhs = ComboAddress(node.as<string>(), 53);
      return true;
    } catch(const runtime_error &e) {
      return false;
    } catch (const PDNSException &e) {
      return false;
    }
  }
};

template<>
struct convert<DNSName> {
  static Node encode(const DNSName& rhs) {
    return Node(rhs.toStringRootDot());
  }
  static bool decode(const Node& node, DNSName& rhs) {
    if (!node.IsScalar()) {
      return false;
    }
    try {
      rhs = DNSName(node.as<string>());
      return true;
    } catch(const runtime_error &e) {
      return false;
    } catch (const PDNSException &e) {
      return false;
    }
  }
};

template<>
struct convert<Netmask> {
  static Node encode(const Netmask& rhs) {
    return Node(rhs.toString());
  }
  static bool decode(const Node& node, Netmask& rhs) {
    if (!node.IsScalar()) {
      return false;
    }
    try {
      rhs = Netmask(node.as<string>());
      return true;
    } catch(const runtime_error &e) {
      return false;
    } catch (const PDNSException &e) {
      return false;
    }
  }
};
} // namespace YAML

struct ixfrdiff_t {
  shared_ptr<SOARecordContent> oldSOA;
  shared_ptr<SOARecordContent> newSOA;
  vector<DNSRecord> removals;
  vector<DNSRecord> additions;
  uint32_t oldSOATTL;
  uint32_t newSOATTL;
};

struct ixfrinfo_t {
  shared_ptr<SOARecordContent> soa; // The SOA of the latest AXFR
  records_t latestAXFR;             // The most recent AXFR
  vector<std::shared_ptr<ixfrdiff_t>> ixfrDiffs;
  uint32_t soaTTL;
};

// Why a struct? This way we can add more options to a domain in the future
struct ixfrdistdomain_t {
  set<ComboAddress> masters; // A set so we can do multiple master addresses in the future
};

// This contains the configuration for each domain
static map<DNSName, ixfrdistdomain_t> g_domainConfigs;

// Map domains and their data
static std::map<DNSName, std::shared_ptr<ixfrinfo_t>> g_soas;
static std::mutex g_soas_mutex;

// Condition variable for TCP handling
static std::condition_variable g_tcpHandlerCV;
static std::queue<pair<int, ComboAddress>> g_tcpRequestFDs;
static std::mutex g_tcpRequestFDsMutex;

namespace po = boost::program_options;

static bool g_exiting = false;

static NetmaskGroup g_acl;
static bool g_compress = false;

static ixfrdistStats g_stats;

// g_stats is static, so local to this file. But the webserver needs this info
string doGetStats() {
  return g_stats.getStats();
}

static void handleSignal(int signum) {
  g_log<<Logger::Notice<<"Got "<<strsignal(signum)<<" signal";
  if (g_exiting) {
    g_log<<Logger::Notice<<", this is the second time we were asked to stop, forcefully exiting"<<endl;
    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
  }
  g_log<<Logger::Notice<<", stopping, this may take a few second due to in-progress transfers and cleanup. Send this signal again to forcefully stop"<<endl;
  g_exiting = true;
}

static void usage(po::options_description &desc) {
  cerr << "Usage: ixfrdist [OPTION]..."<<endl;
  cerr << desc << "\n";
}

// The compiler does not like using rfc1982LessThan in std::sort directly
static bool sortSOA(uint32_t i, uint32_t j) {
  return rfc1982LessThan(i, j);
}

static void cleanUpDomain(const DNSName& domain, const uint16_t& keep, const string& workdir) {
  string dir = workdir + "/" + domain.toString();
  DIR *dp;
  dp = opendir(dir.c_str());
  if (dp == nullptr) {
    return;
  }
  vector<uint32_t> zoneVersions;
  struct dirent *d;
  while ((d = readdir(dp)) != nullptr) {
    if(!strcmp(d->d_name, ".") || !strcmp(d->d_name, "..")) {
      continue;
    }
    zoneVersions.push_back(std::stoi(d->d_name));
  }
  closedir(dp);
  g_log<<Logger::Info<<"Found "<<zoneVersions.size()<<" versions of "<<domain<<", asked to keep "<<keep<<", ";
  if (zoneVersions.size() <= keep) {
    g_log<<Logger::Info<<"not cleaning up"<<endl;
    return;
  }
  g_log<<Logger::Info<<"cleaning up the oldest "<<zoneVersions.size() - keep<<endl;

  // Sort the versions
  std::sort(zoneVersions.begin(), zoneVersions.end(), sortSOA);

  // And delete all the old ones
  {
    // Lock to ensure no one reads this.
    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(g_soas_mutex);
    for (auto iter = zoneVersions.cbegin(); iter != zoneVersions.cend() - keep; ++iter) {
      string fname = dir + "/" + std::to_string(*iter);
      g_log<<Logger::Debug<<"Removing "<<fname<<endl;
      unlink(fname.c_str());
    }
  }
}

static void getSOAFromRecords(const records_t& records, shared_ptr<SOARecordContent>& soa, uint32_t& soaTTL) {
  for (const auto& dnsrecord : records) {
    if (dnsrecord.d_type == QType::SOA) {
      soa = getRR<SOARecordContent>(dnsrecord);
      if (soa == nullptr) {
        throw PDNSException("Unable to determine SOARecordContent from old records");
      }
      soaTTL = dnsrecord.d_ttl;
      return;
    }
  }
  throw PDNSException("No SOA in supplied records");
}

static void makeIXFRDiff(const records_t& from, const records_t& to, std::shared_ptr<ixfrdiff_t>& diff, const shared_ptr<SOARecordContent>& fromSOA = nullptr, uint32_t fromSOATTL=0, const shared_ptr<SOARecordContent>& toSOA = nullptr, uint32_t toSOATTL = 0) {
  set_difference(from.cbegin(), from.cend(), to.cbegin(), to.cend(), back_inserter(diff->removals), from.value_comp());
  set_difference(to.cbegin(), to.cend(), from.cbegin(), from.cend(), back_inserter(diff->additions), from.value_comp());
  diff->oldSOA = fromSOA;
  diff->oldSOATTL = fromSOATTL;
  if (fromSOA == nullptr) {
    getSOAFromRecords(from, diff->oldSOA, diff->oldSOATTL);
  }
  diff->newSOA = toSOA;
  diff->newSOATTL = toSOATTL;
  if (toSOA == nullptr) {
    getSOAFromRecords(to, diff->newSOA, diff->newSOATTL);
  }
}

/* you can _never_ alter the content of the resulting shared pointer */
static std::shared_ptr<ixfrinfo_t> getCurrentZoneInfo(const DNSName& domain)
{
  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(g_soas_mutex);
  return g_soas[domain];
}

static void updateCurrentZoneInfo(const DNSName& domain, std::shared_ptr<ixfrinfo_t>& newInfo)
{
  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(g_soas_mutex);
  g_soas[domain] = newInfo;
  g_stats.setSOASerial(domain, newInfo->soa->d_st.serial);
  // FIXME: also report zone size?
}

static void updateThread(const string& workdir, const uint16_t& keep, const uint16_t& axfrTimeout, const uint16_t& soaRetry, const uint32_t axfrMaxRecords) {
  setThreadName("ixfrdist/update");
  std::map<DNSName, time_t> lastCheck;

  // Initialize the serials we have
  for (const auto &domainConfig : g_domainConfigs) {
    DNSName domain = domainConfig.first;
    lastCheck[domain] = 0;
    string dir = workdir + "/" + domain.toString();
    try {
      g_log<<Logger::Info<<"Trying to initially load domain "<<domain<<" from disk"<<endl;
      auto serial = getSerialFromDir(dir);
      shared_ptr<SOARecordContent> soa;
      uint32_t soaTTL;
      {
        string fname = workdir + "/" + domain.toString() + "/" + std::to_string(serial);
        loadSOAFromDisk(domain, fname, soa, soaTTL);
        records_t records;
        if (soa == nullptr) {
          g_log<<Logger::Error<<"Could not load SOA from disk for zone "<<domain<<", removing file '"<<fname<<"'"<<endl;
          unlink(fname.c_str());
        }
        loadZoneFromDisk(records, fname, domain);
        auto zoneInfo = std::make_shared<ixfrinfo_t>();
        zoneInfo->latestAXFR = std::move(records);
        zoneInfo->soa = soa;
        zoneInfo->soaTTL = soaTTL;
        updateCurrentZoneInfo(domain, zoneInfo);
      }
      if (soa != nullptr) {
        g_log<<Logger::Notice<<"Loaded zone "<<domain<<" with serial "<<soa->d_st.serial<<endl;
        // Initial cleanup
        cleanUpDomain(domain, keep, workdir);
      }
    } catch (runtime_error &e) {
      // Most likely, the directory does not exist.
      g_log<<Logger::Info<<e.what()<<", attempting to create"<<endl;
      // Attempt to create it, if _that_ fails, there is no hope
      if (mkdir(dir.c_str(), 0777) == -1 && errno != EEXIST) {
        g_log<<Logger::Error<<"Could not create '"<<dir<<"': "<<stringerror()<<endl;
        _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
      }
    }
  }

  g_log<<Logger::Notice<<"Update Thread started"<<endl;

  while (true) {
    if (g_exiting) {
      g_log<<Logger::Notice<<"UpdateThread stopped"<<endl;
      break;
    }
    time_t now = time(nullptr);
    for (const auto &domainConfig : g_domainConfigs) {

      if (g_exiting) {
        break;
      }

      DNSName domain = domainConfig.first;
      shared_ptr<SOARecordContent> current_soa;
      const auto& zoneInfo = getCurrentZoneInfo(domain);
      if (zoneInfo != nullptr) {
        current_soa = zoneInfo->soa;
      }

      auto& zoneLastCheck = lastCheck[domain];
      if ((current_soa != nullptr && now - zoneLastCheck < current_soa->d_st.refresh) || // Only check if we have waited `refresh` seconds
          (current_soa == nullptr && now - zoneLastCheck < soaRetry))  {                       // Or if we could not get an update at all still, every 30 seconds
        continue;
      }

      // TODO Keep track of 'down' masters
      set<ComboAddress>::const_iterator it(domainConfig.second.masters.begin());
      std::advance(it, dns_random(domainConfig.second.masters.size()));
      ComboAddress master = *it;

      string dir = workdir + "/" + domain.toString();
      g_log<<Logger::Info<<"Attempting to retrieve SOA Serial update for '"<<domain<<"' from '"<<master.toStringWithPort()<<"'"<<endl;
      shared_ptr<SOARecordContent> sr;
      try {
        zoneLastCheck = now;
        g_stats.incrementSOAChecks(domain);
        auto newSerial = getSerialFromMaster(master, domain, sr); // TODO TSIG
        if(current_soa != nullptr) {
          g_log<<Logger::Info<<"Got SOA Serial for "<<domain<<" from "<<master.toStringWithPort()<<": "<< newSerial<<", had Serial: "<<current_soa->d_st.serial;
          if (newSerial == current_soa->d_st.serial) {
            g_log<<Logger::Info<<", not updating."<<endl;
            continue;
          }
          g_log<<Logger::Info<<", will update."<<endl;
        }
      } catch (runtime_error &e) {
        g_log<<Logger::Warning<<"Unable to get SOA serial update for '"<<domain<<"' from master "<<master.toStringWithPort()<<": "<<e.what()<<endl;
        g_stats.incrementSOAChecksFailed(domain);
        continue;
      }
      // Now get the full zone!
      g_log<<Logger::Info<<"Attempting to receive full zonedata for '"<<domain<<"'"<<endl;
      ComboAddress local = master.isIPv4() ? ComboAddress("0.0.0.0") : ComboAddress("::");
      TSIGTriplet tt;

      // The *new* SOA
      shared_ptr<SOARecordContent> soa;
      uint32_t soaTTL = 0;
      records_t records;
      try {
        AXFRRetriever axfr(master, domain, tt, &local);
        uint32_t nrecords=0;
        Resolver::res_t nop;
        vector<DNSRecord> chunk;
        time_t t_start = time(nullptr);
        time_t axfr_now = time(nullptr);
        while(axfr.getChunk(nop, &chunk, (axfr_now - t_start + axfrTimeout))) {
          for(auto& dr : chunk) {
            if(dr.d_type == QType::TSIG)
              continue;
            if(!dr.d_name.isPartOf(domain)) {
              throw PDNSException("Out-of-zone data received during AXFR of "+domain.toLogString());
            }
            dr.d_name.makeUsRelative(domain);
            records.insert(dr);
            nrecords++;
            if (dr.d_type == QType::SOA) {
              soa = getRR<SOARecordContent>(dr);
              soaTTL = dr.d_ttl;
            }
          }
          if (axfrMaxRecords != 0 && nrecords > axfrMaxRecords) {
            throw PDNSException("Received more than " + std::to_string(axfrMaxRecords) + " records in AXFR, aborted");
          }
          axfr_now = time(nullptr);
          if (axfr_now - t_start > axfrTimeout) {
            g_stats.incrementAXFRFailures(domain);
            throw PDNSException("Total AXFR time exceeded!");
          }
        }
        if (soa == nullptr) {
          g_stats.incrementAXFRFailures(domain);
          g_log<<Logger::Warning<<"No SOA was found in the AXFR of "<<domain<<endl;
          continue;
        }
        g_log<<Logger::Notice<<"Retrieved all zone data for "<<domain<<". Received "<<nrecords<<" records."<<endl;
      } catch (PDNSException &e) {
        g_stats.incrementAXFRFailures(domain);
        g_log<<Logger::Warning<<"Could not retrieve AXFR for '"<<domain<<"': "<<e.reason<<endl;
        continue;
      } catch (runtime_error &e) {
        g_stats.incrementAXFRFailures(domain);
        g_log<<Logger::Warning<<"Could not retrieve AXFR for zone '"<<domain<<"': "<<e.what()<<endl;
        continue;
      }

      try {

        writeZoneToDisk(records, domain, dir);
        g_log<<Logger::Notice<<"Wrote zonedata for "<<domain<<" with serial "<<soa->d_st.serial<<" to "<<dir<<endl;

        const auto oldZoneInfo = getCurrentZoneInfo(domain);
        auto ixfrInfo = std::make_shared<ixfrinfo_t>();

        if (oldZoneInfo && !oldZoneInfo->latestAXFR.empty()) {
          auto diff = std::make_shared<ixfrdiff_t>();
          ixfrInfo->ixfrDiffs = oldZoneInfo->ixfrDiffs;
          g_log<<Logger::Debug<<"Calculating diff for "<<domain<<endl;
          makeIXFRDiff(oldZoneInfo->latestAXFR, records, diff, oldZoneInfo->soa, oldZoneInfo->soaTTL, soa, soaTTL);
          g_log<<Logger::Debug<<"Calculated diff for "<<domain<<", we had "<<diff->removals.size()<<" removals and "<<diff->additions.size()<<" additions"<<endl;
          ixfrInfo->ixfrDiffs.push_back(std::move(diff));
        }

        // Clean up the diffs
        while (ixfrInfo->ixfrDiffs.size() > keep) {
          ixfrInfo->ixfrDiffs.erase(ixfrInfo->ixfrDiffs.begin());
        }

        g_log<<Logger::Debug<<"Zone "<<domain<<" previously contained "<<(oldZoneInfo ? oldZoneInfo->latestAXFR.size() : 0)<<" entries, "<<records.size()<<" now"<<endl;
        ixfrInfo->latestAXFR = std::move(records);
        ixfrInfo->soa = soa;
        ixfrInfo->soaTTL = soaTTL;
        updateCurrentZoneInfo(domain, ixfrInfo);
      } catch (PDNSException &e) {
        g_stats.incrementAXFRFailures(domain);
        g_log<<Logger::Warning<<"Could not save zone '"<<domain<<"' to disk: "<<e.reason<<endl;
      } catch (runtime_error &e) {
        g_stats.incrementAXFRFailures(domain);
        g_log<<Logger::Warning<<"Could not save zone '"<<domain<<"' to disk: "<<e.what()<<endl;
      }

      // Now clean up the directory
      cleanUpDomain(domain, keep, workdir);
    } /* for (const auto &domain : domains) */
    sleep(1);
  } /* while (true) */
} /* updateThread */

static bool checkQuery(const MOADNSParser& mdp, const ComboAddress& saddr, const bool udp = true, const string& logPrefix="") {
  vector<string> info_msg;

  g_log<<Logger::Debug<<logPrefix<<"Had "<<mdp.d_qname<<"|"<<QType(mdp.d_qtype).toString()<<" query from "<<saddr.toStringWithPort()<<endl;

  if (udp && mdp.d_qtype != QType::SOA && mdp.d_qtype != QType::IXFR) {
    info_msg.push_back("QType is unsupported (" + QType(mdp.d_qtype).toString() + " is not in {SOA,IXFR})");
  }

  if (!udp && mdp.d_qtype != QType::SOA && mdp.d_qtype != QType::IXFR && mdp.d_qtype != QType::AXFR) {
    info_msg.push_back("QType is unsupported (" + QType(mdp.d_qtype).toString() + " is not in {SOA,IXFR,AXFR})");
  }

  {
    if (g_domainConfigs.find(mdp.d_qname) == g_domainConfigs.end()) {
      info_msg.push_back("Domain name '" + mdp.d_qname.toLogString() + "' is not configured for distribution");
    }
    else {
      const auto zoneInfo = getCurrentZoneInfo(mdp.d_qname);
      if (zoneInfo == nullptr) {
        info_msg.push_back("Domain has not been transferred yet");
      }
    }
  }

  if (!info_msg.empty()) {
    g_log<<Logger::Warning<<logPrefix<<"Refusing "<<mdp.d_qname<<"|"<<QType(mdp.d_qtype).toString()<<" query from "<<saddr.toStringWithPort();
    g_log<<Logger::Warning<<": ";
    bool first = true;
    for (const auto& s : info_msg) {
      if (!first) {
        g_log<<Logger::Warning<<", ";
      }
      first = false;
      g_log<<Logger::Warning<<s;
    }
    g_log<<Logger::Warning<<endl;
    return false;
  }

  return true;
}

/*
 * Returns a vector<uint8_t> that represents the full positive response to a SOA
 * query. QNAME is read from mdp.
 */
static bool makeSOAPacket(const MOADNSParser& mdp, vector<uint8_t>& packet) {

  auto zoneInfo = getCurrentZoneInfo(mdp.d_qname);
  if (zoneInfo == nullptr) {
    return false;
  }

  DNSPacketWriter pw(packet, mdp.d_qname, mdp.d_qtype);
  pw.getHeader()->id = mdp.d_header.id;
  pw.getHeader()->rd = mdp.d_header.rd;
  pw.getHeader()->qr = 1;

  pw.startRecord(mdp.d_qname, QType::SOA, zoneInfo->soaTTL);
  zoneInfo->soa->toPacket(pw);
  pw.commit();

  return true;
}

/*
 * Returns a vector<uint8_t> that represents the full REFUSED response to a
 * query. QNAME and type are read from mdp.
 */
static bool makeRefusedPacket(const MOADNSParser& mdp, vector<uint8_t>& packet) {
  DNSPacketWriter pw(packet, mdp.d_qname, mdp.d_qtype);
  pw.getHeader()->id = mdp.d_header.id;
  pw.getHeader()->rd = mdp.d_header.rd;
  pw.getHeader()->qr = 1;
  pw.getHeader()->rcode = RCode::Refused;

  return true;
}

static vector<uint8_t> getSOAPacket(const MOADNSParser& mdp, const shared_ptr<SOARecordContent>& soa, uint32_t soaTTL) {
  vector<uint8_t> packet;
  DNSPacketWriter pw(packet, mdp.d_qname, mdp.d_qtype);
  pw.getHeader()->id = mdp.d_header.id;
  pw.getHeader()->rd = mdp.d_header.rd;
  pw.getHeader()->qr = 1;

  // Add the first SOA
  pw.startRecord(mdp.d_qname, QType::SOA, soaTTL);
  soa->toPacket(pw);
  pw.commit();
  return packet;
}

static bool sendPacketOverTCP(int fd, const std::vector<uint8_t>& packet)
{
  char sendBuf[2];
  sendBuf[0]=packet.size()/256;
  sendBuf[1]=packet.size()%256;

  writen2(fd, sendBuf, 2);
  writen2(fd, &packet[0], packet.size());
  return true;
}

static bool addRecordToWriter(DNSPacketWriter& pw, const DNSName& zoneName, const DNSRecord& record, bool compress)
{
  pw.startRecord(record.d_name + zoneName, record.d_type, record.d_ttl, QClass::IN, DNSResourceRecord::ANSWER, compress);
  record.d_content->toPacket(pw);
  if (pw.size() > 16384) {
    pw.rollback();
    return false;
  }
  return true;
}

template <typename T> static bool sendRecordsOverTCP(int fd, const MOADNSParser& mdp, const T& records)
{
  vector<uint8_t> packet;

  for (auto it = records.cbegin(); it != records.cend();) {
    bool recordsAdded = false;
    packet.clear();
    DNSPacketWriter pw(packet, mdp.d_qname, mdp.d_qtype);
    pw.getHeader()->id = mdp.d_header.id;
    pw.getHeader()->rd = mdp.d_header.rd;
    pw.getHeader()->qr = 1;

    while (it != records.cend()) {
      if (it->d_type == QType::SOA) {
        it++;
        continue;
      }

      if (addRecordToWriter(pw, mdp.d_qname, *it, g_compress)) {
        recordsAdded = true;
        it++;
      }
      else {
        if (recordsAdded) {
          pw.commit();
          sendPacketOverTCP(fd, packet);
        }
        if (it == records.cbegin()) {
          /* something is wrong */
          return false;
        }

        break;
      }
    }

    if (it == records.cend() && recordsAdded) {
      pw.commit();
      sendPacketOverTCP(fd, packet);
    }
  }

  return true;
}


static bool handleAXFR(int fd, const MOADNSParser& mdp) {
  /* we get a shared pointer of the zone info that we can't modify, ever.
     A newer one may arise in the meantime, but this one will stay valid
     until we release it.
  */

  g_stats.incrementAXFRinQueries(mdp.d_qname);

  auto zoneInfo = getCurrentZoneInfo(mdp.d_qname);
  if (zoneInfo == nullptr) {
    return false;
  }

  shared_ptr<SOARecordContent> soa = zoneInfo->soa;
  uint32_t soaTTL = zoneInfo->soaTTL;
  const records_t& records = zoneInfo->latestAXFR;

  // Initial SOA
  const auto soaPacket = getSOAPacket(mdp, soa, soaTTL);
  if (!sendPacketOverTCP(fd, soaPacket)) {
    return false;
  }

  if (!sendRecordsOverTCP(fd, mdp, records)) {
    return false;
  }

  // Final SOA
  if (!sendPacketOverTCP(fd, soaPacket)) {
    return false;
  }

  return true;
}

/* Produces an IXFR if one can be made according to the rules in RFC 1995 and
 * creates a SOA or AXFR packet when required by the RFC.
 */
static bool handleIXFR(int fd, const ComboAddress& destination, const MOADNSParser& mdp, const shared_ptr<SOARecordContent>& clientSOA) {
  vector<std::shared_ptr<ixfrdiff_t>> toSend;

  /* we get a shared pointer of the zone info that we can't modify, ever.
     A newer one may arise in the meantime, but this one will stay valid
     until we release it.
  */

  g_stats.incrementIXFRinQueries(mdp.d_qname);

  auto zoneInfo = getCurrentZoneInfo(mdp.d_qname);
  if (zoneInfo == nullptr) {
    return false;
  }

  uint32_t ourLatestSerial = zoneInfo->soa->d_st.serial;

  if (rfc1982LessThan(ourLatestSerial, clientSOA->d_st.serial) || ourLatestSerial == clientSOA->d_st.serial) {
    /* RFC 1995 Section 2
     *    If an IXFR query with the same or newer version number than that of
     *    the server is received, it is replied to with a single SOA record of
     *    the server's current version.
     */
    vector<uint8_t> packet;
    bool ret = makeSOAPacket(mdp, packet);
    if (ret) {
      sendPacketOverTCP(fd, packet);
    }
    return ret;
  }

  // as we use push_back in the updater, we know the vector is sorted as oldest first
  bool shouldAdd = false;
  // Get all relevant IXFR differences
  for (const auto& diff : zoneInfo->ixfrDiffs) {
    if (shouldAdd) {
      toSend.push_back(diff);
      continue;
    }
    if (diff->oldSOA->d_st.serial == clientSOA->d_st.serial) {
      toSend.push_back(diff);
      // Add all consecutive diffs
      shouldAdd = true;
    }
  }

  if (toSend.empty()) {
    // FIXME: incrementIXFRFallbacks
    g_log<<Logger::Warning<<"No IXFR available from serial "<<clientSOA->d_st.serial<<" for zone "<<mdp.d_qname<<", attempting to send AXFR"<<endl;
    return handleAXFR(fd, mdp);
  }

  std::vector<std::vector<uint8_t>> packets;
  for (const auto& diff : toSend) {
    /* An IXFR packet's ANSWER section looks as follows:
     * SOA new_serial
     * SOA old_serial
     * ... removed records ...
     * SOA new_serial
     * ... added records ...
     * SOA new_serial
     */

    const auto newSOAPacket = getSOAPacket(mdp, diff->newSOA, diff->newSOATTL);
    const auto oldSOAPacket = getSOAPacket(mdp, diff->oldSOA, diff->oldSOATTL);

    if (!sendPacketOverTCP(fd, newSOAPacket)) {
      return false;
    }

    if (!sendPacketOverTCP(fd, oldSOAPacket)) {
      return false;
    }

    if (!sendRecordsOverTCP(fd, mdp, diff->removals)) {
      return false;
    }

    if (!sendPacketOverTCP(fd, newSOAPacket)) {
      return false;
    }

    if (!sendRecordsOverTCP(fd, mdp, diff->additions)) {
      return false;
    }

    if (!sendPacketOverTCP(fd, newSOAPacket)) {
      return false;
    }
  }

  return true;
}

static bool allowedByACL(const ComboAddress& addr) {
  return g_acl.match(addr);
}

static void handleUDPRequest(int fd, boost::any&) {
  // TODO make the buffer-size configurable
  char buf[4096];
  ComboAddress saddr;
  socklen_t fromlen = sizeof(saddr);
  int res = recvfrom(fd, buf, sizeof(buf), 0, (struct sockaddr*) &saddr, &fromlen);

  if (res == 0) {
    g_log<<Logger::Warning<<"Got an empty message from "<<saddr.toStringWithPort()<<endl;
    return;
  }

  if(res < 0) {
    auto savedErrno = errno;
    g_log<<Logger::Warning<<"Could not read message from "<<saddr.toStringWithPort()<<": "<<strerror(savedErrno)<<endl;
    return;
  }

  if (saddr == ComboAddress("0.0.0.0", 0)) {
    g_log<<Logger::Warning<<"Could not determine source of message"<<endl;
    return;
  }

  if (!allowedByACL(saddr)) {
    g_log<<Logger::Warning<<"UDP query from "<<saddr.toString()<<" is not allowed, dropping"<<endl;
    return;
  }

  MOADNSParser mdp(true, string(buf, res));
  vector<uint8_t> packet;
  if (checkQuery(mdp, saddr)) {
    /* RFC 1995 Section 2
     *    Transport of a query may be by either UDP or TCP.  If an IXFR query
     *    is via UDP, the IXFR server may attempt to reply using UDP if the
     *    entire response can be contained in a single DNS packet.  If the UDP
     *    reply does not fit, the query is responded to with a single SOA
     *    record of the server's current version to inform the client that a
     *    TCP query should be initiated.
     *
     * Let's not complicate this with IXFR over UDP (and looking if we need to truncate etc).
     * Just send the current SOA and let the client try over TCP
     */
    g_stats.incrementSOAinQueries(mdp.d_qname); // FIXME: this also counts IXFR queries (but the response is the same as to a SOA query)
    makeSOAPacket(mdp, packet);
  } else {
    makeRefusedPacket(mdp, packet);
  }

  if(sendto(fd, &packet[0], packet.size(), 0, (struct sockaddr*) &saddr, fromlen) < 0) {
    auto savedErrno = errno;
    g_log<<Logger::Warning<<"Could not send reply for "<<mdp.d_qname<<"|"<<QType(mdp.d_qtype).toString()<<" to "<<saddr.toStringWithPort()<<": "<<strerror(savedErrno)<<endl;
  }
  return;
}

static void handleTCPRequest(int fd, boost::any&) {
  ComboAddress saddr;
  int cfd = 0;

  try {
    cfd = SAccept(fd, saddr);
    setBlocking(cfd);
  } catch(runtime_error &e) {
    g_log<<Logger::Error<<e.what()<<endl;
    return;
  }

  if (saddr == ComboAddress("0.0.0.0", 0)) {
    g_log<<Logger::Warning<<"Could not determine source of message"<<endl;
    close(cfd);
    return;
  }

  if (!allowedByACL(saddr)) {
    g_log<<Logger::Warning<<"TCP query from "<<saddr.toString()<<" is not allowed, dropping"<<endl;
    close(cfd);
    return;
  }

  {
    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lg(g_tcpRequestFDsMutex);
    g_tcpRequestFDs.push({cfd, saddr});
  }
  g_tcpHandlerCV.notify_one();
}

/* Thread to handle TCP traffic
 */
static void tcpWorker(int tid) {
  setThreadName("ixfrdist/tcpWor");
  string prefix = "TCP Worker " + std::to_string(tid) + ": ";

  while(true) {
    g_log<<Logger::Debug<<prefix<<"ready for a new request!"<<endl;
    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lk(g_tcpRequestFDsMutex);
    g_tcpHandlerCV.wait(lk, []{return g_tcpRequestFDs.size() || g_exiting ;});
    if (g_exiting) {
      g_log<<Logger::Debug<<prefix<<"Stopping thread"<<endl;
      break;
    }
    g_log<<Logger::Debug<<prefix<<"Going to handle a query"<<endl;
    auto request = g_tcpRequestFDs.front();
    g_tcpRequestFDs.pop();
    lk.unlock();

    int cfd = request.first;
    ComboAddress saddr = request.second;

    char buf[4096];
    ssize_t res;
    try {
      uint16_t toRead;
      readn2(cfd, &toRead, sizeof(toRead));
      toRead = std::min(ntohs(toRead), static_cast<uint16_t>(sizeof(buf)));
      res = readn2WithTimeout(cfd, &buf, toRead, 2);
      g_log<<Logger::Debug<<prefix<<"Had message of "<<std::to_string(toRead)<<" bytes from "<<saddr.toStringWithPort()<<endl;
    } catch (runtime_error &e) {
      g_log<<Logger::Warning<<prefix<<"Could not read message from "<<saddr.toStringWithPort()<<": "<<e.what()<<endl;
      close(cfd);
      continue;
    }

    try {
      MOADNSParser mdp(true, string(buf, res));

      if (!checkQuery(mdp, saddr, false, prefix)) {
        close(cfd);
        continue;
      }

      if (mdp.d_qtype == QType::SOA) {
        vector<uint8_t> packet;
        bool ret = makeSOAPacket(mdp, packet);
        if (!ret) {
          close(cfd);
          continue;
        }
        sendPacketOverTCP(cfd, packet);
      }
      else if (mdp.d_qtype == QType::AXFR) {
        if (!handleAXFR(cfd, mdp)) {
          close(cfd);
          continue;
        }
      }
      else if (mdp.d_qtype == QType::IXFR) {
        /* RFC 1995 section 3:
         *  The IXFR query packet format is the same as that of a normal DNS
         *  query, but with the query type being IXFR and the authority section
         *  containing the SOA record of client's version of the zone.
         */
        shared_ptr<SOARecordContent> clientSOA;
        for (auto &answer : mdp.d_answers) {
          // from dnsparser.hh:
          // typedef vector<pair<DNSRecord, uint16_t > > answers_t;
          if (answer.first.d_type == QType::SOA && answer.first.d_place == DNSResourceRecord::AUTHORITY) {
            clientSOA = getRR<SOARecordContent>(answer.first);
            if (clientSOA != nullptr) {
              break;
            }
          }
        } /* for (auto const &answer : mdp.d_answers) */

        if (clientSOA == nullptr) {
          g_log<<Logger::Warning<<prefix<<"IXFR request packet did not contain a SOA record in the AUTHORITY section"<<endl;
          close(cfd);
          continue;
        }

        if (!handleIXFR(cfd, saddr, mdp, clientSOA)) {
          close(cfd);
          continue;
        }
      } /* if (mdp.d_qtype == QType::IXFR) */

      shutdown(cfd, 2);
    } catch (const MOADNSException &mde) {
      g_log<<Logger::Warning<<prefix<<"Could not parse DNS packet from "<<saddr.toStringWithPort()<<": "<<mde.what()<<endl;
    } catch (runtime_error &e) {
      g_log<<Logger::Warning<<prefix<<"Could not write reply to "<<saddr.toStringWithPort()<<": "<<e.what()<<endl;
    }
    // bye!
    close(cfd);

    if (g_exiting) {
      break;
    }
  }
}

/* Parses the configuration file in configpath into config, adding defaults for
 * missing parameters (if applicable), returning true if the config file was
 * good, false otherwise. Will log all issues with the config
 */
static bool parseAndCheckConfig(const string& configpath, YAML::Node& config) {
  g_log<<Logger::Info<<"Loading configuration file from "<<configpath<<endl;
  try {
    config = YAML::LoadFile(configpath);
  } catch (const runtime_error &e) {
    g_log<<Logger::Error<<"Unable to load configuration file '"<<configpath<<"': "<<e.what()<<endl;
    return false;
  }

  bool retval = true;

  if (config["keep"]) {
    try {
      config["keep"].as<uint16_t>();
    } catch (const runtime_error &e) {
      g_log<<Logger::Error<<"Unable to read 'keep' value: "<<e.what()<<endl;
      retval = false;
    }
  } else {
    config["keep"] = 20;
  }

  if (config["axfr-max-records"]) {
    try {
      config["axfr-max-records"].as<uint32_t>();
    } catch (const runtime_error &e) {
      g_log<<Logger::Error<<"Unable to read 'axfr-max-records' value: "<<e.what()<<endl;
    }
  } else {
    config["axfr-max-records"] = 0;
  }

  if (config["axfr-timeout"]) {
    try {
      config["axfr-timeout"].as<uint16_t>();
    } catch (const runtime_error &e) {
      g_log<<Logger::Error<<"Unable to read 'axfr-timeout' value: "<<e.what()<<endl;
    }
  } else {
    config["axfr-timeout"] = 20;
  }

  if (config["failed-soa-retry"]) {
    try {
      config["failed-soa-retry"].as<uint16_t>();
    } catch (const runtime_error &e) {
      g_log<<Logger::Error<<"Unable to read 'failed-soa-retry' value: "<<e.what()<<endl;
    }
  } else {
    config["failed-soa-retry"] = 30;
  }

  if (config["tcp-in-threads"]) {
    try {
      config["tcp-in-threads"].as<uint16_t>();
    } catch (const runtime_error &e) {
      g_log<<Logger::Error<<"Unable to read 'tcp-in-threads' value: "<<e.what()<<endl;
    }
  } else {
    config["tcp-in-threads"] = 10;
  }

  if (config["listen"]) {
    try {
      config["listen"].as<vector<ComboAddress>>();
    } catch (const runtime_error &e) {
      g_log<<Logger::Error<<"Unable to read 'listen' value: "<<e.what()<<endl;
      retval = false;
    }
  } else {
    config["listen"].push_back("127.0.0.1:53");
    config["listen"].push_back("[::1]:53");
  }

  if (config["acl"]) {
    try {
      config["acl"].as<vector<string>>();
    } catch (const runtime_error &e) {
      g_log<<Logger::Error<<"Unable to read 'acl' value: "<<e.what()<<endl;
      retval = false;
    }
  } else {
    config["acl"].push_back("127.0.0.0/8");
    config["acl"].push_back("::1/128");
  }

  if (config["work-dir"]) {
    try {
      config["work-dir"].as<string>();
    } catch(const runtime_error &e) {
      g_log<<Logger::Error<<"Unable to read 'work-dir' value: "<<e.what()<<endl;
      retval = false;
    }
  } else {
    char tmp[512];
    config["work-dir"] = getcwd(tmp, sizeof(tmp)) ? string(tmp) : "";;
  }

  if (config["uid"]) {
    try {
      config["uid"].as<string>();
    } catch(const runtime_error &e) {
      g_log<<Logger::Error<<"Unable to read 'uid' value: "<<e.what()<<endl;
      retval = false;
    }
  }

  if (config["gid"]) {
    try {
      config["gid"].as<string>();
    } catch(const runtime_error &e) {
      g_log<<Logger::Error<<"Unable to read 'gid' value: "<<e.what()<<endl;
      retval = false;
    }
  }

  if (config["domains"]) {
    if (config["domains"].size() == 0) {
      g_log<<Logger::Error<<"No domains configured"<<endl;
      retval = false;
    }
    for (auto const &domain : config["domains"]) {
      try {
        if (!domain["domain"]) {
          g_log<<Logger::Error<<"An entry in 'domains' is missing a 'domain' key!"<<endl;
          retval = false;
          continue;
        }
        domain["domain"].as<DNSName>();
      } catch (const runtime_error &e) {
        g_log<<Logger::Error<<"Unable to read domain '"<<domain["domain"].as<string>()<<"': "<<e.what()<<endl;
      }
      try {
        if (!domain["master"]) {
          g_log<<Logger::Error<<"Domain '"<<domain["domain"].as<string>()<<"' has no master configured!"<<endl;
          retval = false;
          continue;
        }
        domain["master"].as<ComboAddress>();
      } catch (const runtime_error &e) {
        g_log<<Logger::Error<<"Unable to read domain '"<<domain["domain"].as<string>()<<"' master address: "<<e.what()<<endl;
        retval = false;
      }
    }
  } else {
    g_log<<Logger::Error<<"No domains configured"<<endl;
    retval = false;
  }

  if (config["compress"]) {
    try {
      config["compress"].as<bool>();
    }
    catch (const runtime_error &e) {
      g_log<<Logger::Error<<"Unable to read 'compress' value: "<<e.what()<<endl;
      retval = false;
    }
  }
  else {
    config["compress"] = false;
  }

  if (config["webserver-address"]) {
    try {
      config["webserver-address"].as<ComboAddress>();
    }
    catch (const runtime_error &e) {
      g_log<<Logger::Error<<"Unable to read 'webserver-address' value: "<<e.what()<<endl;
      retval = false;
    }
  }

  if (config["webserver-acl"]) {
    try {
      config["webserver-acl"].as<vector<Netmask>>();
    }
    catch (const runtime_error &e) {
      g_log<<Logger::Error<<"Unable to read 'webserver-acl' value: "<<e.what()<<endl;
      retval = false;
    }
  }

  if (config["webserver-loglevel"]) {
    try {
      config["webserver-loglevel"].as<string>();
    }
    catch (const runtime_error &e) {
      g_log<<Logger::Error<<"Unable to read 'webserver-loglevel' value: "<<e.what()<<endl;
      retval = false;
    }
  }

  return retval;
}

int main(int argc, char** argv) {
  g_log.setLoglevel(Logger::Notice);
  g_log.toConsole(Logger::Notice);
  g_log.setPrefixed(true);
  g_log.disableSyslog(true);
  g_log.setTimestamps(false);
  po::variables_map g_vm;
  try {
    po::options_description desc("IXFR distribution tool");
    desc.add_options()
      ("help", "produce help message")
      ("version", "Display the version of ixfrdist")
      ("verbose", "Be verbose")
      ("debug", "Be even more verbose")
      ("config", po::value<string>()->default_value(SYSCONFDIR + string("/ixfrdist.yml")), "Configuration file to use")
      ;

    po::store(po::command_line_parser(argc, argv).options(desc).run(), g_vm);
    po::notify(g_vm);

    if (g_vm.count("help") > 0) {
      usage(desc);
      return EXIT_SUCCESS;
    }

    if (g_vm.count("version") > 0) {
      cout<<"ixfrdist "<<VERSION<<endl;
      return EXIT_SUCCESS;
    }
  } catch (po::error &e) {
    g_log<<Logger::Error<<e.what()<<". See `ixfrdist --help` for valid options"<<endl;
    return(EXIT_FAILURE);
  }

  bool had_error = false;

  if (g_vm.count("verbose")) {
    g_log.setLoglevel(Logger::Info);
    g_log.toConsole(Logger::Info);
  }

  if (g_vm.count("debug") > 0) {
    g_log.setLoglevel(Logger::Debug);
    g_log.toConsole(Logger::Debug);
  }

  g_log<<Logger::Notice<<"IXFR distributor version "<<VERSION<<" starting up!"<<endl;

  YAML::Node config;
  if (!parseAndCheckConfig(g_vm["config"].as<string>(), config)) {
    // parseAndCheckConfig already logged whatever was wrong
    return EXIT_FAILURE;
  }

  /*  From hereon out, we known that all the values in config are valid. */

  for (auto const &domain : config["domains"]) {
    set<ComboAddress> s;
    s.insert(domain["master"].as<ComboAddress>());
    g_domainConfigs[domain["domain"].as<DNSName>()].masters = s;
    g_stats.registerDomain(domain["domain"].as<DNSName>());
  }

  for (const auto &addr : config["acl"].as<vector<string>>()) {
    try {
      g_acl.addMask(addr);
    } catch (const NetmaskException &e) {
      g_log<<Logger::Error<<e.reason<<endl;
      had_error = true;
    }
  }
  g_log<<Logger::Notice<<"ACL set to "<<g_acl.toString()<<"."<<endl;

  if (config["compress"]) {
    g_compress = config["compress"].as<bool>();
    if (g_compress) {
      g_log<<Logger::Notice<<"Record compression is enabled."<<endl;
    }
  }

  FDMultiplexer* fdm = FDMultiplexer::getMultiplexerSilent();
  if (fdm == nullptr) {
    g_log<<Logger::Error<<"Could not enable a multiplexer for the listen sockets!"<<endl;
    return EXIT_FAILURE;
  }

  set<int> allSockets;
  for (const auto& addr : config["listen"].as<vector<ComboAddress>>()) {
    for (const auto& stype : {SOCK_DGRAM, SOCK_STREAM}) {
      try {
        int s = SSocket(addr.sin4.sin_family, stype, 0);
        setNonBlocking(s);
        setReuseAddr(s);
        SBind(s, addr);
        if (stype == SOCK_STREAM) {
          SListen(s, 30); // TODO make this configurable
        }
        fdm->addReadFD(s, stype == SOCK_DGRAM ? handleUDPRequest : handleTCPRequest);
        allSockets.insert(s);
      } catch(runtime_error &e) {
        g_log<<Logger::Error<<e.what()<<endl;
        had_error = true;
        continue;
      }
    }
  }

  int newgid = 0;

  if (config["gid"]) {
    string gid = config["gid"].as<string>();
    if (!(newgid = atoi(gid.c_str()))) {
      struct group *gr = getgrnam(gid.c_str());
      if (gr == nullptr) {
        g_log<<Logger::Error<<"Can not determine group-id for gid "<<gid<<endl;
        had_error = true;
      } else {
        newgid = gr->gr_gid;
      }
    }
    g_log<<Logger::Notice<<"Dropping effective group-id to "<<newgid<<endl;
    if (setgid(newgid) < 0) {
      g_log<<Logger::Error<<"Could not set group id to "<<newgid<<": "<<stringerror()<<endl;
      had_error = true;
    }
  }

  if (config["webserver-address"]) {
    NetmaskGroup wsACL;
    wsACL.addMask("127.0.0.0/8");
    wsACL.addMask("::1/128");

    if (config["webserver-acl"]) {
      wsACL.clear();
      for (const auto &acl : config["webserver-acl"].as<vector<Netmask>>()) {
        wsACL.addMask(acl);
      }
    }

    string loglevel = "normal";
    if (config["webserver-loglevel"]) {
      loglevel = config["webserver-loglevel"].as<string>();
    }

    // Launch the webserver!
    try {
      std::thread(&IXFRDistWebServer::go, IXFRDistWebServer(config["webserver-address"].as<ComboAddress>(), wsACL, loglevel)).detach();
    } catch (const PDNSException &e) {
      g_log<<Logger::Error<<"Unable to start webserver: "<<e.reason<<endl;
      had_error = true;
    }
  }

  int newuid = 0;

  if (config["uid"]) {
    string uid = config["uid"].as<string>();
    if (!(newuid = atoi(uid.c_str()))) {
      struct passwd *pw = getpwnam(uid.c_str());
      if (pw == nullptr) {
        g_log<<Logger::Error<<"Can not determine user-id for uid "<<uid<<endl;
        had_error = true;
      } else {
        newuid = pw->pw_uid;
      }
    }

    struct passwd *pw = getpwuid(newuid);
    if (pw == nullptr) {
      if (setgroups(0, nullptr) < 0) {
        g_log<<Logger::Error<<"Unable to drop supplementary gids: "<<stringerror()<<endl;
        had_error = true;
      }
    } else {
      if (initgroups(pw->pw_name, newgid) < 0) {
        g_log<<Logger::Error<<"Unable to set supplementary groups: "<<stringerror()<<endl;
        had_error = true;
      }
    }

    g_log<<Logger::Notice<<"Dropping effective user-id to "<<newuid<<endl;
    if (setuid(newuid) < 0) {
      g_log<<Logger::Error<<"Could not set user id to "<<newuid<<": "<<stringerror()<<endl;
      had_error = true;
    }
  }

  if (had_error) {
    // We have already sent the errors to stderr, just die
    return EXIT_FAILURE;
  }

  // It all starts here
  signal(SIGTERM, handleSignal);
  signal(SIGINT, handleSignal);
  signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);

  // Init the things we need
  reportAllTypes();

  dns_random_init();

  std::thread ut(updateThread,
      config["work-dir"].as<string>(),
      config["keep"].as<uint16_t>(),
      config["axfr-timeout"].as<uint16_t>(),
      config["failed-soa-retry"].as<uint16_t>(),
      config["axfr-max-records"].as<uint32_t>());

  vector<std::thread> tcpHandlers;
  tcpHandlers.reserve(config["tcp-in-threads"].as<uint16_t>());
  for (size_t i = 0; i < tcpHandlers.capacity(); ++i) {
    tcpHandlers.push_back(std::thread(tcpWorker, i));
  }

  struct timeval now;
  for(;;) {
    gettimeofday(&now, 0);
    fdm->run(&now);
    if (g_exiting) {
      g_log<<Logger::Debug<<"Closing listening sockets"<<endl;
      for (const int& fd : allSockets) {
        try {
          closesocket(fd);
        } catch(PDNSException &e) {
          g_log<<Logger::Error<<e.reason<<endl;
        }
      }
      break;
    }
  }
  g_log<<Logger::Debug<<"Waiting for all threads to stop"<<endl;
  g_tcpHandlerCV.notify_all();
  ut.join();
  for (auto &t : tcpHandlers) {
    t.join();
  }
  g_log<<Logger::Notice<<"IXFR distributor stopped"<<endl;
  return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}