1A. HISTORY OF THE SOFTWARE 2========================== 3 4Python was created in the early 1990s by Guido van Rossum at Stichting 5Mathematisch Centrum (CWI, see http://www.cwi.nl) in the Netherlands 6as a successor of a language called ABC. Guido remains Python's 7principal author, although it includes many contributions from others. 8 9In 1995, Guido continued his work on Python at the Corporation for 10National Research Initiatives (CNRI, see http://www.cnri.reston.va.us) 11in Reston, Virginia where he released several versions of the 12software. 13 14In May 2000, Guido and the Python core development team moved to 15BeOpen.com to form the BeOpen PythonLabs team. In October of the same 16year, the PythonLabs team moved to Digital Creations (now Zope 17Corporation, see http://www.zope.com). In 2001, the Python Software 18Foundation (PSF, see http://www.python.org/psf/) was formed, a 19non-profit organization created specifically to own Python-related 20Intellectual Property. Zope Corporation is a sponsoring member of 21the PSF. 22 23All Python releases are Open Source (see http://www.opensource.org for 24the Open Source Definition). Historically, most, but not all, Python 25releases have also been GPL-compatible; the table below summarizes 26the various releases. 27 28 Release Derived Year Owner GPL- 29 from compatible? (1) 30 31 0.9.0 thru 1.2 1991-1995 CWI yes 32 1.3 thru 1.5.2 1.2 1995-1999 CNRI yes 33 1.6 1.5.2 2000 CNRI no 34 2.0 1.6 2000 BeOpen.com no 35 1.6.1 1.6 2001 CNRI yes (2) 36 2.1 2.0+1.6.1 2001 PSF no 37 2.0.1 2.0+1.6.1 2001 PSF yes 38 2.1.1 2.1+2.0.1 2001 PSF yes 39 2.2 2.1.1 2001 PSF yes 40 2.1.2 2.1.1 2002 PSF yes 41 2.1.3 2.1.2 2002 PSF yes 42 2.2.1 2.2 2002 PSF yes 43 2.2.2 2.2.1 2002 PSF yes 44 2.2.3 2.2.2 2003 PSF yes 45 2.3 2.2.2 2002-2003 PSF yes 46 2.3.1 2.3 2002-2003 PSF yes 47 2.3.2 2.3.1 2002-2003 PSF yes 48 2.3.3 2.3.2 2002-2003 PSF yes 49 2.3.4 2.3.3 2004 PSF yes 50 2.3.5 2.3.4 2005 PSF yes 51 2.4 2.3 2004 PSF yes 52 2.4.1 2.4 2005 PSF yes 53 2.4.2 2.4.1 2005 PSF yes 54 2.4.3 2.4.2 2006 PSF yes 55 2.4.4 2.4.3 2006 PSF yes 56 2.5 2.4 2006 PSF yes 57 2.5.1 2.5 2007 PSF yes 58 2.5.2 2.5.2 2008 PSF yes 59 60Footnotes: 61 62(1) GPL-compatible doesn't mean that we're distributing Python under 63 the GPL. All Python licenses, unlike the GPL, let you distribute 64 a modified version without making your changes open source. The 65 GPL-compatible licenses make it possible to combine Python with 66 other software that is released under the GPL; the others don't. 67 68(2) According to Richard Stallman, 1.6.1 is not GPL-compatible, 69 because its license has a choice of law clause. According to 70 CNRI, however, Stallman's lawyer has told CNRI's lawyer that 1.6.1 71 is "not incompatible" with the GPL. 72 73Thanks to the many outside volunteers who have worked under Guido's 74direction to make these releases possible. 75 76 77B. TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR ACCESSING OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON 78=============================================================== 79 80PYTHON SOFTWARE FOUNDATION LICENSE VERSION 2 81-------------------------------------------- 82 831. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between the Python Software Foundation 84("PSF"), and the Individual or Organization ("Licensee") accessing and 85otherwise using this software ("Python") in source or binary form and 86its associated documentation. 87 882. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License Agreement, PSF 89hereby grants Licensee a nonexclusive, royalty-free, world-wide 90license to reproduce, analyze, test, perform and/or display publicly, 91prepare derivative works, distribute, and otherwise use Python 92alone or in any derivative version, provided, however, that PSF's 93License Agreement and PSF's notice of copyright, i.e., "Copyright (c) 942001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 Python Software Foundation; 95All Rights Reserved" are retained in Python alone or in any derivative 96version prepared by Licensee. 97 983. In the event Licensee prepares a derivative work that is based on 99or incorporates Python or any part thereof, and wants to make 100the derivative work available to others as provided herein, then 101Licensee hereby agrees to include in any such work a brief summary of 102the changes made to Python. 103 1044. PSF is making Python available to Licensee on an "AS IS" 105basis. PSF MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR 106IMPLIED. BY WAY OF EXAMPLE, BUT NOT LIMITATION, PSF MAKES NO AND 107DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS 108FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE OF PYTHON WILL NOT 109INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY RIGHTS. 110 1115. PSF SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF PYTHON 112FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS AS 113A RESULT OF MODIFYING, DISTRIBUTING, OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON, 114OR ANY DERIVATIVE THEREOF, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF. 115 1166. This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a material 117breach of its terms and conditions. 118 1197. Nothing in this License Agreement shall be deemed to create any 120relationship of agency, partnership, or joint venture between PSF and 121Licensee. This License Agreement does not grant permission to use PSF 122trademarks or trade name in a trademark sense to endorse or promote 123products or services of Licensee, or any third party. 124 1258. By copying, installing or otherwise using Python, Licensee 126agrees to be bound by the terms and conditions of this License 127Agreement. 128 129 130BEOPEN.COM LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 2.0 131------------------------------------------- 132 133BEOPEN PYTHON OPEN SOURCE LICENSE AGREEMENT VERSION 1 134 1351. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between BeOpen.com ("BeOpen"), having an 136office at 160 Saratoga Avenue, Santa Clara, CA 95051, and the 137Individual or Organization ("Licensee") accessing and otherwise using 138this software in source or binary form and its associated 139documentation ("the Software"). 140 1412. Subject to the terms and conditions of this BeOpen Python License 142Agreement, BeOpen hereby grants Licensee a non-exclusive, 143royalty-free, world-wide license to reproduce, analyze, test, perform 144and/or display publicly, prepare derivative works, distribute, and 145otherwise use the Software alone or in any derivative version, 146provided, however, that the BeOpen Python License is retained in the 147Software, alone or in any derivative version prepared by Licensee. 148 1493. BeOpen is making the Software available to Licensee on an "AS IS" 150basis. BEOPEN MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR 151IMPLIED. BY WAY OF EXAMPLE, BUT NOT LIMITATION, BEOPEN MAKES NO AND 152DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS 153FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE OF THE SOFTWARE WILL NOT 154INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY RIGHTS. 155 1564. BEOPEN SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF THE 157SOFTWARE FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS 158AS A RESULT OF USING, MODIFYING OR DISTRIBUTING THE SOFTWARE, OR ANY 159DERIVATIVE THEREOF, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF. 160 1615. This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a material 162breach of its terms and conditions. 163 1646. This License Agreement shall be governed by and interpreted in all 165respects by the law of the State of California, excluding conflict of 166law provisions. Nothing in this License Agreement shall be deemed to 167create any relationship of agency, partnership, or joint venture 168between BeOpen and Licensee. This License Agreement does not grant 169permission to use BeOpen trademarks or trade names in a trademark 170sense to endorse or promote products or services of Licensee, or any 171third party. As an exception, the "BeOpen Python" logos available at 172http://www.pythonlabs.com/logos.html may be used according to the 173permissions granted on that web page. 174 1757. By copying, installing or otherwise using the software, Licensee 176agrees to be bound by the terms and conditions of this License 177Agreement. 178 179 180CNRI LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 1.6.1 181--------------------------------------- 182 1831. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between the Corporation for National 184Research Initiatives, having an office at 1895 Preston White Drive, 185Reston, VA 20191 ("CNRI"), and the Individual or Organization 186("Licensee") accessing and otherwise using Python 1.6.1 software in 187source or binary form and its associated documentation. 188 1892. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License Agreement, CNRI 190hereby grants Licensee a nonexclusive, royalty-free, world-wide 191license to reproduce, analyze, test, perform and/or display publicly, 192prepare derivative works, distribute, and otherwise use Python 1.6.1 193alone or in any derivative version, provided, however, that CNRI's 194License Agreement and CNRI's notice of copyright, i.e., "Copyright (c) 1951995-2001 Corporation for National Research Initiatives; All Rights 196Reserved" are retained in Python 1.6.1 alone or in any derivative 197version prepared by Licensee. Alternately, in lieu of CNRI's License 198Agreement, Licensee may substitute the following text (omitting the 199quotes): "Python 1.6.1 is made available subject to the terms and 200conditions in CNRI's License Agreement. This Agreement together with 201Python 1.6.1 may be located on the Internet using the following 202unique, persistent identifier (known as a handle): 1895.22/1013. This 203Agreement may also be obtained from a proxy server on the Internet 204using the following URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1895.22/1013". 205 2063. In the event Licensee prepares a derivative work that is based on 207or incorporates Python 1.6.1 or any part thereof, and wants to make 208the derivative work available to others as provided herein, then 209Licensee hereby agrees to include in any such work a brief summary of 210the changes made to Python 1.6.1. 211 2124. CNRI is making Python 1.6.1 available to Licensee on an "AS IS" 213basis. CNRI MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR 214IMPLIED. BY WAY OF EXAMPLE, BUT NOT LIMITATION, CNRI MAKES NO AND 215DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS 216FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE OF PYTHON 1.6.1 WILL NOT 217INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY RIGHTS. 218 2195. CNRI SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF PYTHON 2201.6.1 FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS AS 221A RESULT OF MODIFYING, DISTRIBUTING, OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON 1.6.1, 222OR ANY DERIVATIVE THEREOF, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF. 223 2246. This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a material 225breach of its terms and conditions. 226 2277. This License Agreement shall be governed by the federal 228intellectual property law of the United States, including without 229limitation the federal copyright law, and, to the extent such 230U.S. federal law does not apply, by the law of the Commonwealth of 231Virginia, excluding Virginia's conflict of law provisions. 232Notwithstanding the foregoing, with regard to derivative works based 233on Python 1.6.1 that incorporate non-separable material that was 234previously distributed under the GNU General Public License (GPL), the 235law of the Commonwealth of Virginia shall govern this License 236Agreement only as to issues arising under or with respect to 237Paragraphs 4, 5, and 7 of this License Agreement. Nothing in this 238License Agreement shall be deemed to create any relationship of 239agency, partnership, or joint venture between CNRI and Licensee. This 240License Agreement does not grant permission to use CNRI trademarks or 241trade name in a trademark sense to endorse or promote products or 242services of Licensee, or any third party. 243 2448. By clicking on the "ACCEPT" button where indicated, or by copying, 245installing or otherwise using Python 1.6.1, Licensee agrees to be 246bound by the terms and conditions of this License Agreement. 247 248 ACCEPT 249 250 251CWI LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 0.9.0 THROUGH 1.2 252-------------------------------------------------- 253 254Copyright (c) 1991 - 1995, Stichting Mathematisch Centrum Amsterdam, 255The Netherlands. All rights reserved. 256 257Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its 258documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted, 259provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that 260both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in 261supporting documentation, and that the name of Stichting Mathematisch 262Centrum or CWI not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to 263distribution of the software without specific, written prior 264permission. 265 266STICHTING MATHEMATISCH CENTRUM DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO 267THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND 268FITNESS, IN NO EVENT SHALL STICHTING MATHEMATISCH CENTRUM BE LIABLE 269FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES 270WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN 271ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT 272OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. 273