1 /*
2  * Copyright 2015-2019 Arm Limited
3  *
4  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
5  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
6  * You may obtain a copy of the License at
7  *
8  *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
9  *
10  * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
11  * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
12  * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
13  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
14  * limitations under the License.
15  */
16 
17 #include "spirv_cpp.hpp"
18 #include "spirv_cross_util.hpp"
19 #include "spirv_glsl.hpp"
20 #include "spirv_hlsl.hpp"
21 #include "spirv_msl.hpp"
22 #include "spirv_parser.hpp"
23 #include "spirv_reflect.hpp"
24 #include <algorithm>
25 #include <cstdio>
26 #include <cstring>
27 #include <functional>
28 #include <limits>
29 #include <memory>
30 #include <stdexcept>
31 #include <unordered_map>
32 #include <unordered_set>
33 
34 #ifdef HAVE_SPIRV_CROSS_GIT_VERSION
35 #include "gitversion.h"
36 #endif
37 
38 #ifdef _MSC_VER
39 #pragma warning(disable : 4996)
40 #endif
41 
42 using namespace spv;
43 using namespace SPIRV_CROSS_NAMESPACE;
44 using namespace std;
45 
46 #ifdef SPIRV_CROSS_EXCEPTIONS_TO_ASSERTIONS
THROW(const char * str)47 static inline void THROW(const char *str)
48 {
49 	fprintf(stderr, "SPIRV-Cross will abort: %s\n", str);
50 	fflush(stderr);
51 	abort();
52 }
53 #else
54 #define THROW(x) throw runtime_error(x)
55 #endif
56 
57 struct CLIParser;
58 struct CLICallbacks
59 {
addCLICallbacks60 	void add(const char *cli, const function<void(CLIParser &)> &func)
61 	{
62 		callbacks[cli] = func;
63 	}
64 	unordered_map<string, function<void(CLIParser &)>> callbacks;
65 	function<void()> error_handler;
66 	function<void(const char *)> default_handler;
67 };
68 
69 struct CLIParser
70 {
CLIParserCLIParser71 	CLIParser(CLICallbacks cbs_, int argc_, char *argv_[])
72 	    : cbs(move(cbs_))
73 	    , argc(argc_)
74 	    , argv(argv_)
75 	{
76 	}
77 
parseCLIParser78 	bool parse()
79 	{
80 #ifndef SPIRV_CROSS_EXCEPTIONS_TO_ASSERTIONS
81 		try
82 #endif
83 		{
84 			while (argc && !ended_state)
85 			{
86 				const char *next = *argv++;
87 				argc--;
88 
89 				if (*next != '-' && cbs.default_handler)
90 				{
91 					cbs.default_handler(next);
92 				}
93 				else
94 				{
95 					auto itr = cbs.callbacks.find(next);
96 					if (itr == ::end(cbs.callbacks))
97 					{
98 						THROW("Invalid argument");
99 					}
100 
101 					itr->second(*this);
102 				}
103 			}
104 
105 			return true;
106 		}
107 #ifndef SPIRV_CROSS_EXCEPTIONS_TO_ASSERTIONS
108 		catch (...)
109 		{
110 			if (cbs.error_handler)
111 			{
112 				cbs.error_handler();
113 			}
114 			return false;
115 		}
116 #endif
117 	}
118 
endCLIParser119 	void end()
120 	{
121 		ended_state = true;
122 	}
123 
next_uintCLIParser124 	uint32_t next_uint()
125 	{
126 		if (!argc)
127 		{
128 			THROW("Tried to parse uint, but nothing left in arguments");
129 		}
130 
131 		uint64_t val = stoul(*argv);
132 		if (val > numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max())
133 		{
134 			THROW("next_uint() out of range");
135 		}
136 
137 		argc--;
138 		argv++;
139 
140 		return uint32_t(val);
141 	}
142 
next_doubleCLIParser143 	double next_double()
144 	{
145 		if (!argc)
146 		{
147 			THROW("Tried to parse double, but nothing left in arguments");
148 		}
149 
150 		double val = stod(*argv);
151 
152 		argc--;
153 		argv++;
154 
155 		return val;
156 	}
157 
158 	// Return a string only if it's not prefixed with `--`, otherwise return the default value
next_value_stringCLIParser159 	const char *next_value_string(const char *default_value)
160 	{
161 		if (!argc)
162 		{
163 			return default_value;
164 		}
165 
166 		if (0 == strncmp("--", *argv, 2))
167 		{
168 			return default_value;
169 		}
170 
171 		return next_string();
172 	}
173 
next_stringCLIParser174 	const char *next_string()
175 	{
176 		if (!argc)
177 		{
178 			THROW("Tried to parse string, but nothing left in arguments");
179 		}
180 
181 		const char *ret = *argv;
182 		argc--;
183 		argv++;
184 		return ret;
185 	}
186 
187 	CLICallbacks cbs;
188 	int argc;
189 	char **argv;
190 	bool ended_state = false;
191 };
192 
read_spirv_file(const char * path)193 static vector<uint32_t> read_spirv_file(const char *path)
194 {
195 	FILE *file = fopen(path, "rb");
196 	if (!file)
197 	{
198 		fprintf(stderr, "Failed to open SPIR-V file: %s\n", path);
199 		return {};
200 	}
201 
202 	fseek(file, 0, SEEK_END);
203 	long len = ftell(file) / sizeof(uint32_t);
204 	rewind(file);
205 
206 	vector<uint32_t> spirv(len);
207 	if (fread(spirv.data(), sizeof(uint32_t), len, file) != size_t(len))
208 		spirv.clear();
209 
210 	fclose(file);
211 	return spirv;
212 }
213 
write_string_to_file(const char * path,const char * string)214 static bool write_string_to_file(const char *path, const char *string)
215 {
216 	FILE *file = fopen(path, "w");
217 	if (!file)
218 	{
219 		fprintf(stderr, "Failed to write file: %s\n", path);
220 		return false;
221 	}
222 
223 	fprintf(file, "%s", string);
224 	fclose(file);
225 	return true;
226 }
227 
print_resources(const Compiler & compiler,const char * tag,const SmallVector<Resource> & resources)228 static void print_resources(const Compiler &compiler, const char *tag, const SmallVector<Resource> &resources)
229 {
230 	fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", tag);
231 	fprintf(stderr, "=============\n\n");
232 	bool print_ssbo = !strcmp(tag, "ssbos");
233 
234 	for (auto &res : resources)
235 	{
236 		auto &type = compiler.get_type(res.type_id);
237 
238 		if (print_ssbo && compiler.buffer_is_hlsl_counter_buffer(res.id))
239 			continue;
240 
241 		// If we don't have a name, use the fallback for the type instead of the variable
242 		// for SSBOs and UBOs since those are the only meaningful names to use externally.
243 		// Push constant blocks are still accessed by name and not block name, even though they are technically Blocks.
244 		bool is_push_constant = compiler.get_storage_class(res.id) == StorageClassPushConstant;
245 		bool is_block = compiler.get_decoration_bitset(type.self).get(DecorationBlock) ||
246 		                compiler.get_decoration_bitset(type.self).get(DecorationBufferBlock);
247 		bool is_sized_block = is_block && (compiler.get_storage_class(res.id) == StorageClassUniform ||
248 		                                   compiler.get_storage_class(res.id) == StorageClassUniformConstant);
249 		uint32_t fallback_id = !is_push_constant && is_block ? res.base_type_id : res.id;
250 
251 		uint32_t block_size = 0;
252 		uint32_t runtime_array_stride = 0;
253 		if (is_sized_block)
254 		{
255 			auto &base_type = compiler.get_type(res.base_type_id);
256 			block_size = uint32_t(compiler.get_declared_struct_size(base_type));
257 			runtime_array_stride = uint32_t(compiler.get_declared_struct_size_runtime_array(base_type, 1) -
258 			                                compiler.get_declared_struct_size_runtime_array(base_type, 0));
259 		}
260 
261 		Bitset mask;
262 		if (print_ssbo)
263 			mask = compiler.get_buffer_block_flags(res.id);
264 		else
265 			mask = compiler.get_decoration_bitset(res.id);
266 
267 		string array;
268 		for (auto arr : type.array)
269 			array = join("[", arr ? convert_to_string(arr) : "", "]") + array;
270 
271 		fprintf(stderr, " ID %03u : %s%s", res.id,
272 		        !res.name.empty() ? res.name.c_str() : compiler.get_fallback_name(fallback_id).c_str(), array.c_str());
273 
274 		if (mask.get(DecorationLocation))
275 			fprintf(stderr, " (Location : %u)", compiler.get_decoration(res.id, DecorationLocation));
276 		if (mask.get(DecorationDescriptorSet))
277 			fprintf(stderr, " (Set : %u)", compiler.get_decoration(res.id, DecorationDescriptorSet));
278 		if (mask.get(DecorationBinding))
279 			fprintf(stderr, " (Binding : %u)", compiler.get_decoration(res.id, DecorationBinding));
280 		if (mask.get(DecorationInputAttachmentIndex))
281 			fprintf(stderr, " (Attachment : %u)", compiler.get_decoration(res.id, DecorationInputAttachmentIndex));
282 		if (mask.get(DecorationNonReadable))
283 			fprintf(stderr, " writeonly");
284 		if (mask.get(DecorationNonWritable))
285 			fprintf(stderr, " readonly");
286 		if (is_sized_block)
287 		{
288 			fprintf(stderr, " (BlockSize : %u bytes)", block_size);
289 			if (runtime_array_stride)
290 				fprintf(stderr, " (Unsized array stride: %u bytes)", runtime_array_stride);
291 		}
292 
293 		uint32_t counter_id = 0;
294 		if (print_ssbo && compiler.buffer_get_hlsl_counter_buffer(res.id, counter_id))
295 			fprintf(stderr, " (HLSL counter buffer ID: %u)", counter_id);
296 		fprintf(stderr, "\n");
297 	}
298 	fprintf(stderr, "=============\n\n");
299 }
300 
execution_model_to_str(spv::ExecutionModel model)301 static const char *execution_model_to_str(spv::ExecutionModel model)
302 {
303 	switch (model)
304 	{
305 	case spv::ExecutionModelVertex:
306 		return "vertex";
307 	case spv::ExecutionModelTessellationControl:
308 		return "tessellation control";
309 	case ExecutionModelTessellationEvaluation:
310 		return "tessellation evaluation";
311 	case ExecutionModelGeometry:
312 		return "geometry";
313 	case ExecutionModelFragment:
314 		return "fragment";
315 	case ExecutionModelGLCompute:
316 		return "compute";
317 	case ExecutionModelRayGenerationNV:
318 		return "raygenNV";
319 	case ExecutionModelIntersectionNV:
320 		return "intersectionNV";
321 	case ExecutionModelCallableNV:
322 		return "callableNV";
323 	case ExecutionModelAnyHitNV:
324 		return "anyhitNV";
325 	case ExecutionModelClosestHitNV:
326 		return "closesthitNV";
327 	case ExecutionModelMissNV:
328 		return "missNV";
329 	default:
330 		return "???";
331 	}
332 }
333 
print_resources(const Compiler & compiler,const ShaderResources & res)334 static void print_resources(const Compiler &compiler, const ShaderResources &res)
335 {
336 	auto &modes = compiler.get_execution_mode_bitset();
337 
338 	fprintf(stderr, "Entry points:\n");
339 	auto entry_points = compiler.get_entry_points_and_stages();
340 	for (auto &e : entry_points)
341 		fprintf(stderr, "  %s (%s)\n", e.name.c_str(), execution_model_to_str(e.execution_model));
342 	fprintf(stderr, "\n");
343 
344 	fprintf(stderr, "Execution modes:\n");
345 	modes.for_each_bit([&](uint32_t i) {
346 		auto mode = static_cast<ExecutionMode>(i);
347 		uint32_t arg0 = compiler.get_execution_mode_argument(mode, 0);
348 		uint32_t arg1 = compiler.get_execution_mode_argument(mode, 1);
349 		uint32_t arg2 = compiler.get_execution_mode_argument(mode, 2);
350 
351 		switch (static_cast<ExecutionMode>(i))
352 		{
353 		case ExecutionModeInvocations:
354 			fprintf(stderr, "  Invocations: %u\n", arg0);
355 			break;
356 
357 		case ExecutionModeLocalSize:
358 			fprintf(stderr, "  LocalSize: (%u, %u, %u)\n", arg0, arg1, arg2);
359 			break;
360 
361 		case ExecutionModeOutputVertices:
362 			fprintf(stderr, "  OutputVertices: %u\n", arg0);
363 			break;
364 
365 #define CHECK_MODE(m)                  \
366 	case ExecutionMode##m:             \
367 		fprintf(stderr, "  %s\n", #m); \
368 		break
369 			CHECK_MODE(SpacingEqual);
370 			CHECK_MODE(SpacingFractionalEven);
371 			CHECK_MODE(SpacingFractionalOdd);
372 			CHECK_MODE(VertexOrderCw);
373 			CHECK_MODE(VertexOrderCcw);
374 			CHECK_MODE(PixelCenterInteger);
375 			CHECK_MODE(OriginUpperLeft);
376 			CHECK_MODE(OriginLowerLeft);
377 			CHECK_MODE(EarlyFragmentTests);
378 			CHECK_MODE(PointMode);
379 			CHECK_MODE(Xfb);
380 			CHECK_MODE(DepthReplacing);
381 			CHECK_MODE(DepthGreater);
382 			CHECK_MODE(DepthLess);
383 			CHECK_MODE(DepthUnchanged);
384 			CHECK_MODE(LocalSizeHint);
385 			CHECK_MODE(InputPoints);
386 			CHECK_MODE(InputLines);
387 			CHECK_MODE(InputLinesAdjacency);
388 			CHECK_MODE(Triangles);
389 			CHECK_MODE(InputTrianglesAdjacency);
390 			CHECK_MODE(Quads);
391 			CHECK_MODE(Isolines);
392 			CHECK_MODE(OutputPoints);
393 			CHECK_MODE(OutputLineStrip);
394 			CHECK_MODE(OutputTriangleStrip);
395 			CHECK_MODE(VecTypeHint);
396 			CHECK_MODE(ContractionOff);
397 
398 		default:
399 			break;
400 		}
401 	});
402 	fprintf(stderr, "\n");
403 
404 	print_resources(compiler, "subpass inputs", res.subpass_inputs);
405 	print_resources(compiler, "inputs", res.stage_inputs);
406 	print_resources(compiler, "outputs", res.stage_outputs);
407 	print_resources(compiler, "textures", res.sampled_images);
408 	print_resources(compiler, "separate images", res.separate_images);
409 	print_resources(compiler, "separate samplers", res.separate_samplers);
410 	print_resources(compiler, "images", res.storage_images);
411 	print_resources(compiler, "ssbos", res.storage_buffers);
412 	print_resources(compiler, "ubos", res.uniform_buffers);
413 	print_resources(compiler, "push", res.push_constant_buffers);
414 	print_resources(compiler, "counters", res.atomic_counters);
415 	print_resources(compiler, "acceleration structures", res.acceleration_structures);
416 }
417 
print_push_constant_resources(const Compiler & compiler,const SmallVector<Resource> & res)418 static void print_push_constant_resources(const Compiler &compiler, const SmallVector<Resource> &res)
419 {
420 	for (auto &block : res)
421 	{
422 		auto ranges = compiler.get_active_buffer_ranges(block.id);
423 		fprintf(stderr, "Active members in buffer: %s\n",
424 		        !block.name.empty() ? block.name.c_str() : compiler.get_fallback_name(block.id).c_str());
425 
426 		fprintf(stderr, "==================\n\n");
427 		for (auto &range : ranges)
428 		{
429 			const auto &name = compiler.get_member_name(block.base_type_id, range.index);
430 
431 			fprintf(stderr, "Member #%3u (%s): Offset: %4u, Range: %4u\n", range.index,
432 			        !name.empty() ? name.c_str() : compiler.get_fallback_member_name(range.index).c_str(),
433 			        unsigned(range.offset), unsigned(range.range));
434 		}
435 		fprintf(stderr, "==================\n\n");
436 	}
437 }
438 
print_spec_constants(const Compiler & compiler)439 static void print_spec_constants(const Compiler &compiler)
440 {
441 	auto spec_constants = compiler.get_specialization_constants();
442 	fprintf(stderr, "Specialization constants\n");
443 	fprintf(stderr, "==================\n\n");
444 	for (auto &c : spec_constants)
445 		fprintf(stderr, "ID: %u, Spec ID: %u\n", c.id, c.constant_id);
446 	fprintf(stderr, "==================\n\n");
447 }
448 
print_capabilities_and_extensions(const Compiler & compiler)449 static void print_capabilities_and_extensions(const Compiler &compiler)
450 {
451 	fprintf(stderr, "Capabilities\n");
452 	fprintf(stderr, "============\n");
453 	for (auto &capability : compiler.get_declared_capabilities())
454 		fprintf(stderr, "Capability: %u\n", static_cast<unsigned>(capability));
455 	fprintf(stderr, "============\n\n");
456 
457 	fprintf(stderr, "Extensions\n");
458 	fprintf(stderr, "============\n");
459 	for (auto &ext : compiler.get_declared_extensions())
460 		fprintf(stderr, "Extension: %s\n", ext.c_str());
461 	fprintf(stderr, "============\n\n");
462 }
463 
464 struct PLSArg
465 {
466 	PlsFormat format;
467 	string name;
468 };
469 
470 struct Remap
471 {
472 	string src_name;
473 	string dst_name;
474 	unsigned components;
475 };
476 
477 struct VariableTypeRemap
478 {
479 	string variable_name;
480 	string new_variable_type;
481 };
482 
483 struct InterfaceVariableRename
484 {
485 	StorageClass storageClass;
486 	uint32_t location;
487 	string variable_name;
488 };
489 
490 struct CLIArguments
491 {
492 	const char *input = nullptr;
493 	const char *output = nullptr;
494 	const char *cpp_interface_name = nullptr;
495 	uint32_t version = 0;
496 	uint32_t shader_model = 0;
497 	uint32_t msl_version = 0;
498 	bool es = false;
499 	bool set_version = false;
500 	bool set_shader_model = false;
501 	bool set_msl_version = false;
502 	bool set_es = false;
503 	bool dump_resources = false;
504 	bool force_temporary = false;
505 	bool flatten_ubo = false;
506 	bool fixup = false;
507 	bool yflip = false;
508 	bool sso = false;
509 	bool support_nonzero_baseinstance = true;
510 	bool msl_capture_output_to_buffer = false;
511 	bool msl_swizzle_texture_samples = false;
512 	bool msl_ios = false;
513 	bool msl_pad_fragment_output = false;
514 	bool msl_domain_lower_left = false;
515 	bool msl_argument_buffers = false;
516 	bool msl_texture_buffer_native = false;
517 	bool msl_multiview = false;
518 	bool glsl_emit_push_constant_as_ubo = false;
519 	bool glsl_emit_ubo_as_plain_uniforms = false;
520 	bool emit_line_directives = false;
521 	SmallVector<uint32_t> msl_discrete_descriptor_sets;
522 	SmallVector<PLSArg> pls_in;
523 	SmallVector<PLSArg> pls_out;
524 	SmallVector<Remap> remaps;
525 	SmallVector<string> extensions;
526 	SmallVector<VariableTypeRemap> variable_type_remaps;
527 	SmallVector<InterfaceVariableRename> interface_variable_renames;
528 	SmallVector<HLSLVertexAttributeRemap> hlsl_attr_remap;
529 	string entry;
530 	string entry_stage;
531 
532 	struct Rename
533 	{
534 		string old_name;
535 		string new_name;
536 		ExecutionModel execution_model;
537 	};
538 	SmallVector<Rename> entry_point_rename;
539 
540 	uint32_t iterations = 1;
541 	bool cpp = false;
542 	string reflect;
543 	bool msl = false;
544 	bool hlsl = false;
545 	bool hlsl_compat = false;
546 	bool hlsl_support_nonzero_base = false;
547 	bool vulkan_semantics = false;
548 	bool flatten_multidimensional_arrays = false;
549 	bool use_420pack_extension = true;
550 	bool remove_unused = false;
551 	bool combined_samplers_inherit_bindings = false;
552 };
553 
print_version()554 static void print_version()
555 {
556 #ifdef HAVE_SPIRV_CROSS_GIT_VERSION
557 	fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", SPIRV_CROSS_GIT_REVISION);
558 #else
559 	fprintf(stderr, "Git revision unknown. Build with CMake to create timestamp and revision info.\n");
560 #endif
561 }
562 
print_help()563 static void print_help()
564 {
565 	print_version();
566 
567 	fprintf(stderr, "Usage: spirv-cross\n"
568 	                "\t[--output <output path>]\n"
569 	                "\t[SPIR-V file]\n"
570 	                "\t[--es]\n"
571 	                "\t[--no-es]\n"
572 	                "\t[--version <GLSL version>]\n"
573 	                "\t[--dump-resources]\n"
574 	                "\t[--help]\n"
575 	                "\t[--revision]\n"
576 	                "\t[--force-temporary]\n"
577 	                "\t[--vulkan-semantics]\n"
578 	                "\t[--flatten-ubo]\n"
579 	                "\t[--fixup-clipspace]\n"
580 	                "\t[--flip-vert-y]\n"
581 	                "\t[--iterations iter]\n"
582 	                "\t[--cpp]\n"
583 	                "\t[--cpp-interface-name <name>]\n"
584 	                "\t[--glsl-emit-push-constant-as-ubo]\n"
585 	                "\t[--glsl-emit-ubo-as-plain-uniforms]\n"
586 	                "\t[--msl]\n"
587 	                "\t[--msl-version <MMmmpp>]\n"
588 	                "\t[--msl-capture-output]\n"
589 	                "\t[--msl-swizzle-texture-samples]\n"
590 	                "\t[--msl-ios]\n"
591 	                "\t[--msl-pad-fragment-output]\n"
592 	                "\t[--msl-domain-lower-left]\n"
593 	                "\t[--msl-argument-buffers]\n"
594 	                "\t[--msl-texture-buffer-native]\n"
595 	                "\t[--msl-discrete-descriptor-set <index>]\n"
596 	                "\t[--msl-multiview]\n"
597 	                "\t[--hlsl]\n"
598 	                "\t[--reflect]\n"
599 	                "\t[--shader-model]\n"
600 	                "\t[--hlsl-enable-compat]\n"
601 	                "\t[--hlsl-support-nonzero-basevertex-baseinstance]\n"
602 	                "\t[--separate-shader-objects]\n"
603 	                "\t[--pls-in format input-name]\n"
604 	                "\t[--pls-out format output-name]\n"
605 	                "\t[--remap source_name target_name components]\n"
606 	                "\t[--extension ext]\n"
607 	                "\t[--entry name]\n"
608 	                "\t[--stage <stage (vert, frag, geom, tesc, tese comp)>]\n"
609 	                "\t[--remove-unused-variables]\n"
610 	                "\t[--flatten-multidimensional-arrays]\n"
611 	                "\t[--no-420pack-extension]\n"
612 	                "\t[--remap-variable-type <variable_name> <new_variable_type>]\n"
613 	                "\t[--rename-interface-variable <in|out> <location> <new_variable_name>]\n"
614 	                "\t[--set-hlsl-vertex-input-semantic <location> <semantic>]\n"
615 	                "\t[--rename-entry-point <old> <new> <stage>]\n"
616 	                "\t[--combined-samplers-inherit-bindings]\n"
617 	                "\t[--no-support-nonzero-baseinstance]\n"
618 	                "\t[--emit-line-directives]\n"
619 	                "\n");
620 }
621 
remap_generic(Compiler & compiler,const SmallVector<Resource> & resources,const Remap & remap)622 static bool remap_generic(Compiler &compiler, const SmallVector<Resource> &resources, const Remap &remap)
623 {
624 	auto itr =
625 	    find_if(begin(resources), end(resources), [&remap](const Resource &res) { return res.name == remap.src_name; });
626 
627 	if (itr != end(resources))
628 	{
629 		compiler.set_remapped_variable_state(itr->id, true);
630 		compiler.set_name(itr->id, remap.dst_name);
631 		compiler.set_subpass_input_remapped_components(itr->id, remap.components);
632 		return true;
633 	}
634 	else
635 		return false;
636 }
637 
remap_pls(const SmallVector<PLSArg> & pls_variables,const SmallVector<Resource> & resources,const SmallVector<Resource> * secondary_resources)638 static vector<PlsRemap> remap_pls(const SmallVector<PLSArg> &pls_variables, const SmallVector<Resource> &resources,
639                                   const SmallVector<Resource> *secondary_resources)
640 {
641 	vector<PlsRemap> ret;
642 
643 	for (auto &pls : pls_variables)
644 	{
645 		bool found = false;
646 		for (auto &res : resources)
647 		{
648 			if (res.name == pls.name)
649 			{
650 				ret.push_back({ res.id, pls.format });
651 				found = true;
652 				break;
653 			}
654 		}
655 
656 		if (!found && secondary_resources)
657 		{
658 			for (auto &res : *secondary_resources)
659 			{
660 				if (res.name == pls.name)
661 				{
662 					ret.push_back({ res.id, pls.format });
663 					found = true;
664 					break;
665 				}
666 			}
667 		}
668 
669 		if (!found)
670 			fprintf(stderr, "Did not find stage input/output/target with name \"%s\".\n", pls.name.c_str());
671 	}
672 
673 	return ret;
674 }
675 
pls_format(const char * str)676 static PlsFormat pls_format(const char *str)
677 {
678 	if (!strcmp(str, "r11f_g11f_b10f"))
679 		return PlsR11FG11FB10F;
680 	else if (!strcmp(str, "r32f"))
681 		return PlsR32F;
682 	else if (!strcmp(str, "rg16f"))
683 		return PlsRG16F;
684 	else if (!strcmp(str, "rg16"))
685 		return PlsRG16;
686 	else if (!strcmp(str, "rgb10_a2"))
687 		return PlsRGB10A2;
688 	else if (!strcmp(str, "rgba8"))
689 		return PlsRGBA8;
690 	else if (!strcmp(str, "rgba8i"))
691 		return PlsRGBA8I;
692 	else if (!strcmp(str, "rgba8ui"))
693 		return PlsRGBA8UI;
694 	else if (!strcmp(str, "rg16i"))
695 		return PlsRG16I;
696 	else if (!strcmp(str, "rgb10_a2ui"))
697 		return PlsRGB10A2UI;
698 	else if (!strcmp(str, "rg16ui"))
699 		return PlsRG16UI;
700 	else if (!strcmp(str, "r32ui"))
701 		return PlsR32UI;
702 	else
703 		return PlsNone;
704 }
705 
stage_to_execution_model(const std::string & stage)706 static ExecutionModel stage_to_execution_model(const std::string &stage)
707 {
708 	if (stage == "vert")
709 		return ExecutionModelVertex;
710 	else if (stage == "frag")
711 		return ExecutionModelFragment;
712 	else if (stage == "comp")
713 		return ExecutionModelGLCompute;
714 	else if (stage == "tesc")
715 		return ExecutionModelTessellationControl;
716 	else if (stage == "tese")
717 		return ExecutionModelTessellationEvaluation;
718 	else if (stage == "geom")
719 		return ExecutionModelGeometry;
720 	else
721 		SPIRV_CROSS_THROW("Invalid stage.");
722 }
723 
compile_iteration(const CLIArguments & args,std::vector<uint32_t> spirv_file)724 static string compile_iteration(const CLIArguments &args, std::vector<uint32_t> spirv_file)
725 {
726 	Parser spirv_parser(move(spirv_file));
727 	spirv_parser.parse();
728 
729 	unique_ptr<CompilerGLSL> compiler;
730 	bool combined_image_samplers = false;
731 	bool build_dummy_sampler = false;
732 
733 	if (args.cpp)
734 	{
735 		compiler.reset(new CompilerCPP(move(spirv_parser.get_parsed_ir())));
736 		if (args.cpp_interface_name)
737 			static_cast<CompilerCPP *>(compiler.get())->set_interface_name(args.cpp_interface_name);
738 	}
739 	else if (args.msl)
740 	{
741 		compiler.reset(new CompilerMSL(move(spirv_parser.get_parsed_ir())));
742 
743 		auto *msl_comp = static_cast<CompilerMSL *>(compiler.get());
744 		auto msl_opts = msl_comp->get_msl_options();
745 		if (args.set_msl_version)
746 			msl_opts.msl_version = args.msl_version;
747 		msl_opts.capture_output_to_buffer = args.msl_capture_output_to_buffer;
748 		msl_opts.swizzle_texture_samples = args.msl_swizzle_texture_samples;
749 		if (args.msl_ios)
750 			msl_opts.platform = CompilerMSL::Options::iOS;
751 		msl_opts.pad_fragment_output_components = args.msl_pad_fragment_output;
752 		msl_opts.tess_domain_origin_lower_left = args.msl_domain_lower_left;
753 		msl_opts.argument_buffers = args.msl_argument_buffers;
754 		msl_opts.texture_buffer_native = args.msl_texture_buffer_native;
755 		msl_opts.multiview = args.msl_multiview;
756 		msl_comp->set_msl_options(msl_opts);
757 		for (auto &v : args.msl_discrete_descriptor_sets)
758 			msl_comp->add_discrete_descriptor_set(v);
759 	}
760 	else if (args.hlsl)
761 		compiler.reset(new CompilerHLSL(move(spirv_parser.get_parsed_ir())));
762 	else
763 	{
764 		combined_image_samplers = !args.vulkan_semantics;
765 		if (!args.vulkan_semantics)
766 			build_dummy_sampler = true;
767 		compiler.reset(new CompilerGLSL(move(spirv_parser.get_parsed_ir())));
768 	}
769 
770 	if (!args.variable_type_remaps.empty())
771 	{
772 		auto remap_cb = [&](const SPIRType &, const string &name, string &out) -> void {
773 			for (const VariableTypeRemap &remap : args.variable_type_remaps)
774 				if (name == remap.variable_name)
775 					out = remap.new_variable_type;
776 		};
777 
778 		compiler->set_variable_type_remap_callback(move(remap_cb));
779 	}
780 
781 	for (auto &rename : args.entry_point_rename)
782 		compiler->rename_entry_point(rename.old_name, rename.new_name, rename.execution_model);
783 
784 	auto entry_points = compiler->get_entry_points_and_stages();
785 	auto entry_point = args.entry;
786 	ExecutionModel model = ExecutionModelMax;
787 
788 	if (!args.entry_stage.empty())
789 	{
790 		model = stage_to_execution_model(args.entry_stage);
791 		if (entry_point.empty())
792 		{
793 			// Just use the first entry point with this stage.
794 			for (auto &e : entry_points)
795 			{
796 				if (e.execution_model == model)
797 				{
798 					entry_point = e.name;
799 					break;
800 				}
801 			}
802 
803 			if (entry_point.empty())
804 			{
805 				fprintf(stderr, "Could not find an entry point with stage: %s\n", args.entry_stage.c_str());
806 				exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
807 			}
808 		}
809 		else
810 		{
811 			// Make sure both stage and name exists.
812 			bool exists = false;
813 			for (auto &e : entry_points)
814 			{
815 				if (e.execution_model == model && e.name == entry_point)
816 				{
817 					exists = true;
818 					break;
819 				}
820 			}
821 
822 			if (!exists)
823 			{
824 				fprintf(stderr, "Could not find an entry point %s with stage: %s\n", entry_point.c_str(),
825 				        args.entry_stage.c_str());
826 				exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
827 			}
828 		}
829 	}
830 	else if (!entry_point.empty())
831 	{
832 		// Make sure there is just one entry point with this name, or the stage
833 		// is ambiguous.
834 		uint32_t stage_count = 0;
835 		for (auto &e : entry_points)
836 		{
837 			if (e.name == entry_point)
838 			{
839 				stage_count++;
840 				model = e.execution_model;
841 			}
842 		}
843 
844 		if (stage_count == 0)
845 		{
846 			fprintf(stderr, "There is no entry point with name: %s\n", entry_point.c_str());
847 			exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
848 		}
849 		else if (stage_count > 1)
850 		{
851 			fprintf(stderr, "There is more than one entry point with name: %s. Use --stage.\n", entry_point.c_str());
852 			exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
853 		}
854 	}
855 
856 	if (!entry_point.empty())
857 		compiler->set_entry_point(entry_point, model);
858 
859 	if (!args.set_version && !compiler->get_common_options().version)
860 	{
861 		fprintf(stderr, "Didn't specify GLSL version and SPIR-V did not specify language.\n");
862 		print_help();
863 		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
864 	}
865 
866 	CompilerGLSL::Options opts = compiler->get_common_options();
867 	if (args.set_version)
868 		opts.version = args.version;
869 	if (args.set_es)
870 		opts.es = args.es;
871 	opts.force_temporary = args.force_temporary;
872 	opts.separate_shader_objects = args.sso;
873 	opts.flatten_multidimensional_arrays = args.flatten_multidimensional_arrays;
874 	opts.enable_420pack_extension = args.use_420pack_extension;
875 	opts.vulkan_semantics = args.vulkan_semantics;
876 	opts.vertex.fixup_clipspace = args.fixup;
877 	opts.vertex.flip_vert_y = args.yflip;
878 	opts.vertex.support_nonzero_base_instance = args.support_nonzero_baseinstance;
879 	opts.emit_push_constant_as_uniform_buffer = args.glsl_emit_push_constant_as_ubo;
880 	opts.emit_uniform_buffer_as_plain_uniforms = args.glsl_emit_ubo_as_plain_uniforms;
881 	opts.emit_line_directives = args.emit_line_directives;
882 	compiler->set_common_options(opts);
883 
884 	// Set HLSL specific options.
885 	if (args.hlsl)
886 	{
887 		auto *hlsl = static_cast<CompilerHLSL *>(compiler.get());
888 		auto hlsl_opts = hlsl->get_hlsl_options();
889 		if (args.set_shader_model)
890 		{
891 			if (args.shader_model < 30)
892 			{
893 				fprintf(stderr, "Shader model earlier than 30 (3.0) not supported.\n");
894 				exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
895 			}
896 
897 			hlsl_opts.shader_model = args.shader_model;
898 		}
899 
900 		if (args.hlsl_compat)
901 		{
902 			// Enable all compat options.
903 			hlsl_opts.point_size_compat = true;
904 			hlsl_opts.point_coord_compat = true;
905 		}
906 
907 		if (hlsl_opts.shader_model <= 30)
908 		{
909 			combined_image_samplers = true;
910 			build_dummy_sampler = true;
911 		}
912 
913 		hlsl_opts.support_nonzero_base_vertex_base_instance = args.hlsl_support_nonzero_base;
914 		hlsl->set_hlsl_options(hlsl_opts);
915 	}
916 
917 	if (build_dummy_sampler)
918 	{
919 		uint32_t sampler = compiler->build_dummy_sampler_for_combined_images();
920 		if (sampler != 0)
921 		{
922 			// Set some defaults to make validation happy.
923 			compiler->set_decoration(sampler, DecorationDescriptorSet, 0);
924 			compiler->set_decoration(sampler, DecorationBinding, 0);
925 		}
926 	}
927 
928 	ShaderResources res;
929 	if (args.remove_unused)
930 	{
931 		auto active = compiler->get_active_interface_variables();
932 		res = compiler->get_shader_resources(active);
933 		compiler->set_enabled_interface_variables(move(active));
934 	}
935 	else
936 		res = compiler->get_shader_resources();
937 
938 	if (args.flatten_ubo)
939 	{
940 		for (auto &ubo : res.uniform_buffers)
941 			compiler->flatten_buffer_block(ubo.id);
942 		for (auto &ubo : res.push_constant_buffers)
943 			compiler->flatten_buffer_block(ubo.id);
944 	}
945 
946 	auto pls_inputs = remap_pls(args.pls_in, res.stage_inputs, &res.subpass_inputs);
947 	auto pls_outputs = remap_pls(args.pls_out, res.stage_outputs, nullptr);
948 	compiler->remap_pixel_local_storage(move(pls_inputs), move(pls_outputs));
949 
950 	for (auto &ext : args.extensions)
951 		compiler->require_extension(ext);
952 
953 	for (auto &remap : args.remaps)
954 	{
955 		if (remap_generic(*compiler, res.stage_inputs, remap))
956 			continue;
957 		if (remap_generic(*compiler, res.stage_outputs, remap))
958 			continue;
959 		if (remap_generic(*compiler, res.subpass_inputs, remap))
960 			continue;
961 	}
962 
963 	for (auto &rename : args.interface_variable_renames)
964 	{
965 		if (rename.storageClass == StorageClassInput)
966 			spirv_cross_util::rename_interface_variable(*compiler, res.stage_inputs, rename.location,
967 			                                            rename.variable_name);
968 		else if (rename.storageClass == StorageClassOutput)
969 			spirv_cross_util::rename_interface_variable(*compiler, res.stage_outputs, rename.location,
970 			                                            rename.variable_name);
971 		else
972 		{
973 			fprintf(stderr, "error at --rename-interface-variable <in|out> ...\n");
974 			exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
975 		}
976 	}
977 
978 	if (args.dump_resources)
979 	{
980 		print_resources(*compiler, res);
981 		print_push_constant_resources(*compiler, res.push_constant_buffers);
982 		print_spec_constants(*compiler);
983 		print_capabilities_and_extensions(*compiler);
984 	}
985 
986 	if (combined_image_samplers)
987 	{
988 		compiler->build_combined_image_samplers();
989 		if (args.combined_samplers_inherit_bindings)
990 			spirv_cross_util::inherit_combined_sampler_bindings(*compiler);
991 
992 		// Give the remapped combined samplers new names.
993 		for (auto &remap : compiler->get_combined_image_samplers())
994 		{
995 			compiler->set_name(remap.combined_id, join("SPIRV_Cross_Combined", compiler->get_name(remap.image_id),
996 			                                           compiler->get_name(remap.sampler_id)));
997 		}
998 	}
999 
1000 	if (args.hlsl)
1001 	{
1002 		auto *hlsl_compiler = static_cast<CompilerHLSL *>(compiler.get());
1003 		uint32_t new_builtin = hlsl_compiler->remap_num_workgroups_builtin();
1004 		if (new_builtin)
1005 		{
1006 			hlsl_compiler->set_decoration(new_builtin, DecorationDescriptorSet, 0);
1007 			hlsl_compiler->set_decoration(new_builtin, DecorationBinding, 0);
1008 		}
1009 	}
1010 
1011 	if (args.hlsl)
1012 	{
1013 		for (auto &remap : args.hlsl_attr_remap)
1014 			static_cast<CompilerHLSL *>(compiler.get())->add_vertex_attribute_remap(remap);
1015 	}
1016 
1017 	return compiler->compile();
1018 }
1019 
main_inner(int argc,char * argv[])1020 static int main_inner(int argc, char *argv[])
1021 {
1022 	CLIArguments args;
1023 	CLICallbacks cbs;
1024 
1025 	cbs.add("--help", [](CLIParser &parser) {
1026 		print_help();
1027 		parser.end();
1028 	});
1029 	cbs.add("--revision", [](CLIParser &parser) {
1030 		print_version();
1031 		parser.end();
1032 	});
1033 	cbs.add("--output", [&args](CLIParser &parser) { args.output = parser.next_string(); });
1034 	cbs.add("--es", [&args](CLIParser &) {
1035 		args.es = true;
1036 		args.set_es = true;
1037 	});
1038 	cbs.add("--no-es", [&args](CLIParser &) {
1039 		args.es = false;
1040 		args.set_es = true;
1041 	});
1042 	cbs.add("--version", [&args](CLIParser &parser) {
1043 		args.version = parser.next_uint();
1044 		args.set_version = true;
1045 	});
1046 	cbs.add("--dump-resources", [&args](CLIParser &) { args.dump_resources = true; });
1047 	cbs.add("--force-temporary", [&args](CLIParser &) { args.force_temporary = true; });
1048 	cbs.add("--flatten-ubo", [&args](CLIParser &) { args.flatten_ubo = true; });
1049 	cbs.add("--fixup-clipspace", [&args](CLIParser &) { args.fixup = true; });
1050 	cbs.add("--flip-vert-y", [&args](CLIParser &) { args.yflip = true; });
1051 	cbs.add("--iterations", [&args](CLIParser &parser) { args.iterations = parser.next_uint(); });
1052 	cbs.add("--cpp", [&args](CLIParser &) { args.cpp = true; });
1053 	cbs.add("--reflect", [&args](CLIParser &parser) { args.reflect = parser.next_value_string("json"); });
1054 	cbs.add("--cpp-interface-name", [&args](CLIParser &parser) { args.cpp_interface_name = parser.next_string(); });
1055 	cbs.add("--metal", [&args](CLIParser &) { args.msl = true; }); // Legacy compatibility
1056 	cbs.add("--glsl-emit-push-constant-as-ubo", [&args](CLIParser &) { args.glsl_emit_push_constant_as_ubo = true; });
1057 	cbs.add("--glsl-emit-ubo-as-plain-uniforms", [&args](CLIParser &) { args.glsl_emit_ubo_as_plain_uniforms = true; });
1058 	cbs.add("--msl", [&args](CLIParser &) { args.msl = true; });
1059 	cbs.add("--hlsl", [&args](CLIParser &) { args.hlsl = true; });
1060 	cbs.add("--hlsl-enable-compat", [&args](CLIParser &) { args.hlsl_compat = true; });
1061 	cbs.add("--hlsl-support-nonzero-basevertex-baseinstance",
1062 	        [&args](CLIParser &) { args.hlsl_support_nonzero_base = true; });
1063 	cbs.add("--vulkan-semantics", [&args](CLIParser &) { args.vulkan_semantics = true; });
1064 	cbs.add("--flatten-multidimensional-arrays", [&args](CLIParser &) { args.flatten_multidimensional_arrays = true; });
1065 	cbs.add("--no-420pack-extension", [&args](CLIParser &) { args.use_420pack_extension = false; });
1066 	cbs.add("--msl-capture-output", [&args](CLIParser &) { args.msl_capture_output_to_buffer = true; });
1067 	cbs.add("--msl-swizzle-texture-samples", [&args](CLIParser &) { args.msl_swizzle_texture_samples = true; });
1068 	cbs.add("--msl-ios", [&args](CLIParser &) { args.msl_ios = true; });
1069 	cbs.add("--msl-pad-fragment-output", [&args](CLIParser &) { args.msl_pad_fragment_output = true; });
1070 	cbs.add("--msl-domain-lower-left", [&args](CLIParser &) { args.msl_domain_lower_left = true; });
1071 	cbs.add("--msl-argument-buffers", [&args](CLIParser &) { args.msl_argument_buffers = true; });
1072 	cbs.add("--msl-discrete-descriptor-set",
1073 	        [&args](CLIParser &parser) { args.msl_discrete_descriptor_sets.push_back(parser.next_uint()); });
1074 	cbs.add("--msl-texture-buffer-native", [&args](CLIParser &) { args.msl_texture_buffer_native = true; });
1075 	cbs.add("--msl-multiview", [&args](CLIParser &) { args.msl_multiview = true; });
1076 	cbs.add("--extension", [&args](CLIParser &parser) { args.extensions.push_back(parser.next_string()); });
1077 	cbs.add("--rename-entry-point", [&args](CLIParser &parser) {
1078 		auto old_name = parser.next_string();
1079 		auto new_name = parser.next_string();
1080 		auto model = stage_to_execution_model(parser.next_string());
1081 		args.entry_point_rename.push_back({ old_name, new_name, move(model) });
1082 	});
1083 	cbs.add("--entry", [&args](CLIParser &parser) { args.entry = parser.next_string(); });
1084 	cbs.add("--stage", [&args](CLIParser &parser) { args.entry_stage = parser.next_string(); });
1085 	cbs.add("--separate-shader-objects", [&args](CLIParser &) { args.sso = true; });
1086 	cbs.add("--set-hlsl-vertex-input-semantic", [&args](CLIParser &parser) {
1087 		HLSLVertexAttributeRemap remap;
1088 		remap.location = parser.next_uint();
1089 		remap.semantic = parser.next_string();
1090 		args.hlsl_attr_remap.push_back(move(remap));
1091 	});
1092 
1093 	cbs.add("--remap", [&args](CLIParser &parser) {
1094 		string src = parser.next_string();
1095 		string dst = parser.next_string();
1096 		uint32_t components = parser.next_uint();
1097 		args.remaps.push_back({ move(src), move(dst), components });
1098 	});
1099 
1100 	cbs.add("--remap-variable-type", [&args](CLIParser &parser) {
1101 		string var_name = parser.next_string();
1102 		string new_type = parser.next_string();
1103 		args.variable_type_remaps.push_back({ move(var_name), move(new_type) });
1104 	});
1105 
1106 	cbs.add("--rename-interface-variable", [&args](CLIParser &parser) {
1107 		StorageClass cls = StorageClassMax;
1108 		string clsStr = parser.next_string();
1109 		if (clsStr == "in")
1110 			cls = StorageClassInput;
1111 		else if (clsStr == "out")
1112 			cls = StorageClassOutput;
1113 
1114 		uint32_t loc = parser.next_uint();
1115 		string var_name = parser.next_string();
1116 		args.interface_variable_renames.push_back({ cls, loc, move(var_name) });
1117 	});
1118 
1119 	cbs.add("--pls-in", [&args](CLIParser &parser) {
1120 		auto fmt = pls_format(parser.next_string());
1121 		auto name = parser.next_string();
1122 		args.pls_in.push_back({ move(fmt), move(name) });
1123 	});
1124 	cbs.add("--pls-out", [&args](CLIParser &parser) {
1125 		auto fmt = pls_format(parser.next_string());
1126 		auto name = parser.next_string();
1127 		args.pls_out.push_back({ move(fmt), move(name) });
1128 	});
1129 	cbs.add("--shader-model", [&args](CLIParser &parser) {
1130 		args.shader_model = parser.next_uint();
1131 		args.set_shader_model = true;
1132 	});
1133 	cbs.add("--msl-version", [&args](CLIParser &parser) {
1134 		args.msl_version = parser.next_uint();
1135 		args.set_msl_version = true;
1136 	});
1137 
1138 	cbs.add("--remove-unused-variables", [&args](CLIParser &) { args.remove_unused = true; });
1139 	cbs.add("--combined-samplers-inherit-bindings",
1140 	        [&args](CLIParser &) { args.combined_samplers_inherit_bindings = true; });
1141 
1142 	cbs.add("--no-support-nonzero-baseinstance", [&](CLIParser &) { args.support_nonzero_baseinstance = false; });
1143 	cbs.add("--emit-line-directives", [&args](CLIParser &) { args.emit_line_directives = true; });
1144 
1145 	cbs.default_handler = [&args](const char *value) { args.input = value; };
1146 	cbs.error_handler = [] { print_help(); };
1147 
1148 	CLIParser parser{ move(cbs), argc - 1, argv + 1 };
1149 	if (!parser.parse())
1150 		return EXIT_FAILURE;
1151 	else if (parser.ended_state)
1152 		return EXIT_SUCCESS;
1153 
1154 	if (!args.input)
1155 	{
1156 		fprintf(stderr, "Didn't specify input file.\n");
1157 		print_help();
1158 		return EXIT_FAILURE;
1159 	}
1160 
1161 	auto spirv_file = read_spirv_file(args.input);
1162 	if (spirv_file.empty())
1163 		return EXIT_FAILURE;
1164 
1165 	// Special case reflection because it has little to do with the path followed by code-outputting compilers
1166 	if (!args.reflect.empty())
1167 	{
1168 		Parser spirv_parser(move(spirv_file));
1169 		spirv_parser.parse();
1170 
1171 		CompilerReflection compiler(move(spirv_parser.get_parsed_ir()));
1172 		compiler.set_format(args.reflect);
1173 		auto json = compiler.compile();
1174 		if (args.output)
1175 			write_string_to_file(args.output, json.c_str());
1176 		else
1177 			printf("%s", json.c_str());
1178 		return EXIT_SUCCESS;
1179 	}
1180 
1181 	string compiled_output;
1182 
1183 	if (args.iterations == 1)
1184 		compiled_output = compile_iteration(args, move(spirv_file));
1185 	else
1186 	{
1187 		for (unsigned i = 0; i < args.iterations; i++)
1188 			compiled_output = compile_iteration(args, spirv_file);
1189 	}
1190 
1191 	if (args.output)
1192 		write_string_to_file(args.output, compiled_output.c_str());
1193 	else
1194 		printf("%s", compiled_output.c_str());
1195 
1196 	return EXIT_SUCCESS;
1197 }
1198 
main(int argc,char * argv[])1199 int main(int argc, char *argv[])
1200 {
1201 #ifdef SPIRV_CROSS_EXCEPTIONS_TO_ASSERTIONS
1202 	return main_inner(argc, argv);
1203 #else
1204 	// Make sure we catch the exception or it just disappears into the aether on Windows.
1205 	try
1206 	{
1207 		return main_inner(argc, argv);
1208 	}
1209 	catch (const std::exception &e)
1210 	{
1211 		fprintf(stderr, "SPIRV-Cross threw an exception: %s\n", e.what());
1212 		return EXIT_FAILURE;
1213 	}
1214 #endif
1215 }
1216