1 /*
2  * Copyright (c) 2018, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
4  *
5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
8  *
9  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
10  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
11  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
12  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
13  * accompanied this code).
14  *
15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
16  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
17  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
18  *
19  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
20  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
21  * questions.
22  */
23 
24 
25 package org.graalvm.compiler.asm.amd64;
26 
27 import static jdk.vm.ci.amd64.AMD64.MASK;
28 import static jdk.vm.ci.amd64.AMD64.XMM;
29 import static jdk.vm.ci.amd64.AMD64.r12;
30 import static jdk.vm.ci.amd64.AMD64.r13;
31 import static jdk.vm.ci.amd64.AMD64.rbp;
32 import static jdk.vm.ci.amd64.AMD64.rsp;
33 import static org.graalvm.compiler.asm.amd64.AMD64BaseAssembler.EVEXPrefixConfig.B0;
34 import static org.graalvm.compiler.asm.amd64.AMD64BaseAssembler.EVEXPrefixConfig.B1;
35 import static org.graalvm.compiler.asm.amd64.AMD64BaseAssembler.EVEXPrefixConfig.Z0;
36 import static org.graalvm.compiler.asm.amd64.AMD64BaseAssembler.EVEXPrefixConfig.Z1;
37 import static org.graalvm.compiler.asm.amd64.AMD64BaseAssembler.VEXPrefixConfig.L128;
38 import static org.graalvm.compiler.asm.amd64.AMD64BaseAssembler.VEXPrefixConfig.L256;
39 import static org.graalvm.compiler.asm.amd64.AMD64BaseAssembler.VEXPrefixConfig.L512;
40 import static org.graalvm.compiler.asm.amd64.AMD64BaseAssembler.VEXPrefixConfig.LZ;
41 import static org.graalvm.compiler.asm.amd64.AMD64BaseAssembler.VEXPrefixConfig.M_0F;
42 import static org.graalvm.compiler.asm.amd64.AMD64BaseAssembler.VEXPrefixConfig.M_0F38;
43 import static org.graalvm.compiler.asm.amd64.AMD64BaseAssembler.VEXPrefixConfig.M_0F3A;
44 import static org.graalvm.compiler.asm.amd64.AMD64BaseAssembler.VEXPrefixConfig.P_;
45 import static org.graalvm.compiler.asm.amd64.AMD64BaseAssembler.VEXPrefixConfig.P_66;
46 import static org.graalvm.compiler.asm.amd64.AMD64BaseAssembler.VEXPrefixConfig.P_F2;
47 import static org.graalvm.compiler.asm.amd64.AMD64BaseAssembler.VEXPrefixConfig.P_F3;
48 import static org.graalvm.compiler.asm.amd64.AMD64BaseAssembler.VEXPrefixConfig.W0;
49 import static org.graalvm.compiler.asm.amd64.AMD64BaseAssembler.VEXPrefixConfig.W1;
50 import static org.graalvm.compiler.asm.amd64.AMD64BaseAssembler.VEXPrefixConfig.WIG;
51 import static org.graalvm.compiler.core.common.NumUtil.isByte;
52 
53 import org.graalvm.compiler.asm.Assembler;
54 import org.graalvm.compiler.asm.amd64.AMD64Address.Scale;
55 import org.graalvm.compiler.asm.amd64.AVXKind.AVXSize;
56 import org.graalvm.compiler.debug.GraalError;
57 
58 import jdk.vm.ci.amd64.AMD64;
59 import jdk.vm.ci.amd64.AMD64.CPUFeature;
60 import jdk.vm.ci.amd64.AMD64Kind;
61 import jdk.vm.ci.code.Register;
62 import jdk.vm.ci.code.Register.RegisterCategory;
63 import jdk.vm.ci.code.TargetDescription;
64 import jdk.vm.ci.meta.PlatformKind;
65 
66 /**
67  * This class implements an assembler that can encode most X86 instructions.
68  */
69 public abstract class AMD64BaseAssembler extends Assembler {
70 
71     private final SIMDEncoder simdEncoder;
72 
73     /**
74      * Constructs an assembler for the AMD64 architecture.
75      */
AMD64BaseAssembler(TargetDescription target)76     public AMD64BaseAssembler(TargetDescription target) {
77         super(target);
78 
79         if (supports(CPUFeature.AVX)) {
80             simdEncoder = new VEXEncoderImpl();
81         } else {
82             simdEncoder = new SSEEncoderImpl();
83         }
84     }
85 
86     /**
87      * The x86 operand sizes.
88      */
89     public enum OperandSize {
90         BYTE(1, AMD64Kind.BYTE) {
91             @Override
emitImmediate(AMD64BaseAssembler asm, int imm)92             protected void emitImmediate(AMD64BaseAssembler asm, int imm) {
93                 assert imm == (byte) imm;
94                 asm.emitByte(imm);
95             }
96 
97             @Override
immediateSize()98             protected int immediateSize() {
99                 return 1;
100             }
101         },
102 
103         WORD(2, AMD64Kind.WORD, 0x66) {
104             @Override
emitImmediate(AMD64BaseAssembler asm, int imm)105             protected void emitImmediate(AMD64BaseAssembler asm, int imm) {
106                 assert imm == (short) imm;
107                 asm.emitShort(imm);
108             }
109 
110             @Override
immediateSize()111             protected int immediateSize() {
112                 return 2;
113             }
114         },
115 
116         DWORD(4, AMD64Kind.DWORD) {
117             @Override
emitImmediate(AMD64BaseAssembler asm, int imm)118             protected void emitImmediate(AMD64BaseAssembler asm, int imm) {
119                 asm.emitInt(imm);
120             }
121 
122             @Override
immediateSize()123             protected int immediateSize() {
124                 return 4;
125             }
126         },
127 
128         QWORD(8, AMD64Kind.QWORD) {
129             @Override
emitImmediate(AMD64BaseAssembler asm, int imm)130             protected void emitImmediate(AMD64BaseAssembler asm, int imm) {
131                 asm.emitInt(imm);
132             }
133 
134             @Override
immediateSize()135             protected int immediateSize() {
136                 return 4;
137             }
138         },
139 
140         SS(4, AMD64Kind.SINGLE, 0xF3, true),
141 
142         SD(8, AMD64Kind.DOUBLE, 0xF2, true),
143 
144         PS(16, AMD64Kind.V128_SINGLE, true),
145 
146         PD(16, AMD64Kind.V128_DOUBLE, 0x66, true);
147 
148         private final int sizePrefix;
149         private final int bytes;
150         private final boolean xmm;
151         private final AMD64Kind kind;
152 
OperandSize(int bytes, AMD64Kind kind)153         OperandSize(int bytes, AMD64Kind kind) {
154             this(bytes, kind, 0);
155         }
156 
OperandSize(int bytes, AMD64Kind kind, int sizePrefix)157         OperandSize(int bytes, AMD64Kind kind, int sizePrefix) {
158             this(bytes, kind, sizePrefix, false);
159         }
160 
OperandSize(int bytes, AMD64Kind kind, boolean xmm)161         OperandSize(int bytes, AMD64Kind kind, boolean xmm) {
162             this(bytes, kind, 0, xmm);
163         }
164 
OperandSize(int bytes, AMD64Kind kind, int sizePrefix, boolean xmm)165         OperandSize(int bytes, AMD64Kind kind, int sizePrefix, boolean xmm) {
166             this.sizePrefix = sizePrefix;
167             this.bytes = bytes;
168             this.kind = kind;
169             this.xmm = xmm;
170         }
171 
getSizePrefix()172         public int getSizePrefix() {
173             return sizePrefix;
174         }
175 
getBytes()176         public int getBytes() {
177             return bytes;
178         }
179 
isXmmType()180         public boolean isXmmType() {
181             return xmm;
182         }
183 
getKind()184         public AMD64Kind getKind() {
185             return kind;
186         }
187 
get(PlatformKind kind)188         public static OperandSize get(PlatformKind kind) {
189             for (OperandSize operandSize : OperandSize.values()) {
190                 if (operandSize.kind.equals(kind)) {
191                     return operandSize;
192                 }
193             }
194             throw GraalError.shouldNotReachHere("Unexpected kind: " + kind.toString());
195         }
196 
197         /**
198          * Emit an immediate of this size. Note that immediate {@link #QWORD} operands are encoded
199          * as sign-extended 32-bit values.
200          *
201          * @param asm
202          * @param imm
203          */
emitImmediate(AMD64BaseAssembler asm, int imm)204         protected void emitImmediate(AMD64BaseAssembler asm, int imm) {
205             throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
206         }
207 
immediateSize()208         protected int immediateSize() {
209             throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
210         }
211     }
212 
213     public static class OperandDataAnnotation extends CodeAnnotation {
214         /**
215          * The position (bytes from the beginning of the method) of the operand.
216          */
217         public final int operandPosition;
218         /**
219          * The size of the operand, in bytes.
220          */
221         public final int operandSize;
222         /**
223          * The position (bytes from the beginning of the method) of the next instruction. On AMD64,
224          * RIP-relative operands are relative to this position.
225          */
226         public final int nextInstructionPosition;
227 
OperandDataAnnotation(int instructionPosition, int operandPosition, int operandSize, int nextInstructionPosition)228         OperandDataAnnotation(int instructionPosition, int operandPosition, int operandSize, int nextInstructionPosition) {
229             super(instructionPosition);
230 
231             this.operandPosition = operandPosition;
232             this.operandSize = operandSize;
233             this.nextInstructionPosition = nextInstructionPosition;
234         }
235 
236         @Override
toString()237         public String toString() {
238             return getClass().getSimpleName() + " instruction [" + instructionPosition + ", " + nextInstructionPosition + "[ operand at " + operandPosition + " size " + operandSize;
239         }
240     }
241 
annotatePatchingImmediate(int operandOffset, int operandSize)242     protected void annotatePatchingImmediate(int operandOffset, int operandSize) {
243         if (codePatchingAnnotationConsumer != null) {
244             int pos = position();
245             codePatchingAnnotationConsumer.accept(new OperandDataAnnotation(pos, pos + operandOffset, operandSize, pos + operandOffset + operandSize));
246         }
247     }
248 
supports(CPUFeature feature)249     public final boolean supports(CPUFeature feature) {
250         return ((AMD64) target.arch).getFeatures().contains(feature);
251     }
252 
inRC(RegisterCategory rc, Register r)253     protected static boolean inRC(RegisterCategory rc, Register r) {
254         return r.getRegisterCategory().equals(rc);
255     }
256 
encode(Register r)257     protected static int encode(Register r) {
258         assert r.encoding >= 0 && (inRC(XMM, r) ? r.encoding < 32 : r.encoding < 16) : "encoding out of range: " + r.encoding;
259         return r.encoding & 0x7;
260     }
261 
262     private static final int MinEncodingNeedsRex = 8;
263 
264     /**
265      * Constants for X86 prefix bytes.
266      */
267     private static class Prefix {
268         private static final int REX = 0x40;
269         private static final int REXB = 0x41;
270         private static final int REXX = 0x42;
271         private static final int REXXB = 0x43;
272         private static final int REXR = 0x44;
273         private static final int REXRB = 0x45;
274         private static final int REXRX = 0x46;
275         private static final int REXRXB = 0x47;
276         private static final int REXW = 0x48;
277         private static final int REXWB = 0x49;
278         private static final int REXWX = 0x4A;
279         private static final int REXWXB = 0x4B;
280         private static final int REXWR = 0x4C;
281         private static final int REXWRB = 0x4D;
282         private static final int REXWRX = 0x4E;
283         private static final int REXWRXB = 0x4F;
284 
285         private static final int VEX2 = 0xC5;
286         private static final int VEX3 = 0xC4;
287         private static final int EVEX = 0x62;
288     }
289 
290     protected final void rexw() {
291         emitByte(Prefix.REXW);
292     }
293 
294     protected final void prefix(Register reg) {
295         prefix(reg, false);
296     }
297 
298     protected final void prefix(Register reg, boolean byteinst) {
299         int regEnc = reg.encoding;
300         if (regEnc >= 8) {
301             emitByte(Prefix.REXB);
302         } else if (byteinst && regEnc >= 4) {
303             emitByte(Prefix.REX);
304         }
305     }
306 
307     protected final void prefixq(Register reg) {
308         if (reg.encoding < 8) {
309             emitByte(Prefix.REXW);
310         } else {
311             emitByte(Prefix.REXWB);
312         }
313     }
314 
315     protected final void prefix(Register dst, Register src) {
316         prefix(dst, false, src, false);
317     }
318 
319     protected final void prefix(Register dst, boolean dstIsByte, Register src, boolean srcIsByte) {
320         int dstEnc = dst.encoding;
321         int srcEnc = src.encoding;
322         if (dstEnc < 8) {
323             if (srcEnc >= 8) {
324                 emitByte(Prefix.REXB);
325             } else if ((srcIsByte && srcEnc >= 4) || (dstIsByte && dstEnc >= 4)) {
326                 emitByte(Prefix.REX);
327             }
328         } else {
329             if (srcEnc < 8) {
330                 emitByte(Prefix.REXR);
331             } else {
332                 emitByte(Prefix.REXRB);
333             }
334         }
335     }
336 
337     /**
338      * Creates prefix for the operands. If the given operands exceed 3 bits, the 4th bit is encoded
339      * in the prefix.
340      */
341     protected final void prefixq(Register reg, Register rm) {
342         int regEnc = reg.encoding;
343         int rmEnc = rm.encoding;
344         if (regEnc < 8) {
345             if (rmEnc < 8) {
346                 emitByte(Prefix.REXW);
347             } else {
348                 emitByte(Prefix.REXWB);
349             }
350         } else {
351             if (rmEnc < 8) {
352                 emitByte(Prefix.REXWR);
353             } else {
354                 emitByte(Prefix.REXWRB);
355             }
356         }
357     }
358 
359     private static boolean needsRex(Register reg) {
360         return reg.encoding >= MinEncodingNeedsRex;
361     }
362 
363     protected final void prefix(AMD64Address adr) {
364         if (needsRex(adr.getBase())) {
365             if (needsRex(adr.getIndex())) {
366                 emitByte(Prefix.REXXB);
367             } else {
368                 emitByte(Prefix.REXB);
369             }
370         } else {
371             if (needsRex(adr.getIndex())) {
372                 emitByte(Prefix.REXX);
373             }
374         }
375     }
376 
377     protected final void prefixq(AMD64Address adr) {
378         if (needsRex(adr.getBase())) {
379             if (needsRex(adr.getIndex())) {
380                 emitByte(Prefix.REXWXB);
381             } else {
382                 emitByte(Prefix.REXWB);
383             }
384         } else {
385             if (needsRex(adr.getIndex())) {
386                 emitByte(Prefix.REXWX);
387             } else {
388                 emitByte(Prefix.REXW);
389             }
390         }
391     }
392 
393     protected void prefixb(AMD64Address adr, Register reg) {
394         prefix(adr, reg, true);
395     }
396 
397     protected void prefix(AMD64Address adr, Register reg) {
398         prefix(adr, reg, false);
399     }
400 
401     protected void prefix(AMD64Address adr, Register reg, boolean byteinst) {
402         if (reg.encoding < 8) {
403             if (needsRex(adr.getBase())) {
404                 if (needsRex(adr.getIndex())) {
405                     emitByte(Prefix.REXXB);
406                 } else {
407                     emitByte(Prefix.REXB);
408                 }
409             } else {
410                 if (needsRex(adr.getIndex())) {
411                     emitByte(Prefix.REXX);
412                 } else if (byteinst && reg.encoding >= 4) {
413                     emitByte(Prefix.REX);
414                 }
415             }
416         } else {
417             if (needsRex(adr.getBase())) {
418                 if (needsRex(adr.getIndex())) {
419                     emitByte(Prefix.REXRXB);
420                 } else {
421                     emitByte(Prefix.REXRB);
422                 }
423             } else {
424                 if (needsRex(adr.getIndex())) {
425                     emitByte(Prefix.REXRX);
426                 } else {
427                     emitByte(Prefix.REXR);
428                 }
429             }
430         }
431     }
432 
433     protected void prefixq(AMD64Address adr, Register src) {
434         if (src.encoding < 8) {
435             if (needsRex(adr.getBase())) {
436                 if (needsRex(adr.getIndex())) {
437                     emitByte(Prefix.REXWXB);
438                 } else {
439                     emitByte(Prefix.REXWB);
440                 }
441             } else {
442                 if (needsRex(adr.getIndex())) {
443                     emitByte(Prefix.REXWX);
444                 } else {
445                     emitByte(Prefix.REXW);
446                 }
447             }
448         } else {
449             if (needsRex(adr.getBase())) {
450                 if (needsRex(adr.getIndex())) {
451                     emitByte(Prefix.REXWRXB);
452                 } else {
453                     emitByte(Prefix.REXWRB);
454                 }
455             } else {
456                 if (needsRex(adr.getIndex())) {
457                     emitByte(Prefix.REXWRX);
458                 } else {
459                     emitByte(Prefix.REXWR);
460                 }
461             }
462         }
463     }
464 
465     /**
466      * Get RXB bits for register-register instruction. In that encoding, ModRM.rm contains a
467      * register index. The R bit extends the ModRM.reg field and the B bit extends the ModRM.rm
468      * field. The X bit must be 0.
469      */
470     protected static int getRXB(Register reg, Register rm) {
471         int rxb = (reg == null ? 0 : reg.encoding & 0x08) >> 1;
472         rxb |= (rm == null ? 0 : rm.encoding & 0x08) >> 3;
473         return rxb;
474     }
475 
476     /**
477      * Get RXB bits for register-memory instruction. The R bit extends the ModRM.reg field. There
478      * are two cases for the memory operand:<br>
479      * ModRM.rm contains the base register: In that case, B extends the ModRM.rm field and X = 0.
480      * <br>
481      * There is an SIB byte: In that case, X extends SIB.index and B extends SIB.base.
482      */
483     protected static int getRXB(Register reg, AMD64Address rm) {
484         int rxb = (reg == null ? 0 : reg.encoding & 0x08) >> 1;
485         if (!rm.getIndex().equals(Register.None)) {
486             rxb |= (rm.getIndex().encoding & 0x08) >> 2;
487         }
488         if (!rm.getBase().equals(Register.None)) {
489             rxb |= (rm.getBase().encoding & 0x08) >> 3;
490         }
491         return rxb;
492     }
493 
494     /**
495      * Emit the ModR/M byte for one register operand and an opcode extension in the R field.
496      * <p>
497      * Format: [ 11 reg r/m ]
498      */
499     protected final void emitModRM(int reg, Register rm) {
500         assert (reg & 0x07) == reg;
501         emitByte(0xC0 | (reg << 3) | (rm.encoding & 0x07));
502     }
503 
504     /**
505      * Emit the ModR/M byte for two register operands.
506      * <p>
507      * Format: [ 11 reg r/m ]
508      */
509     protected final void emitModRM(Register reg, Register rm) {
510         emitModRM(reg.encoding & 0x07, rm);
511     }
512 
513     public static final int DEFAULT_DISP8_SCALE = 1;
514 
515     /**
516      * Emits the ModR/M byte and optionally the SIB byte for one register and one memory operand.
517      *
518      * @param force4Byte use 4 byte encoding for displacements that would normally fit in a byte
519      */
emitOperandHelper(Register reg, AMD64Address addr, boolean force4Byte, int additionalInstructionSize)520     protected final void emitOperandHelper(Register reg, AMD64Address addr, boolean force4Byte, int additionalInstructionSize) {
521         assert !reg.equals(Register.None);
522         emitOperandHelper(encode(reg), addr, force4Byte, additionalInstructionSize, DEFAULT_DISP8_SCALE);
523     }
524 
emitOperandHelper(int reg, AMD64Address addr, int additionalInstructionSize)525     protected final void emitOperandHelper(int reg, AMD64Address addr, int additionalInstructionSize) {
526         emitOperandHelper(reg, addr, false, additionalInstructionSize, DEFAULT_DISP8_SCALE);
527     }
528 
emitOperandHelper(Register reg, AMD64Address addr, int additionalInstructionSize)529     protected final void emitOperandHelper(Register reg, AMD64Address addr, int additionalInstructionSize) {
530         assert !reg.equals(Register.None);
531         emitOperandHelper(encode(reg), addr, false, additionalInstructionSize, DEFAULT_DISP8_SCALE);
532     }
533 
emitOperandHelper(Register reg, AMD64Address addr, int additionalInstructionSize, int evexDisp8Scale)534     protected final void emitOperandHelper(Register reg, AMD64Address addr, int additionalInstructionSize, int evexDisp8Scale) {
535         assert !reg.equals(Register.None);
536         emitOperandHelper(encode(reg), addr, false, additionalInstructionSize, evexDisp8Scale);
537     }
538 
539     /**
540      * Emits the ModR/M byte and optionally the SIB byte for one memory operand and an opcode
541      * extension in the R field.
542      *
543      * @param force4Byte use 4 byte encoding for displacements that would normally fit in a byte
544      * @param additionalInstructionSize the number of bytes that will be emitted after the operand,
545      *            so that the start position of the next instruction can be computed even though
546      *            this instruction has not been completely emitted yet.
547      * @param evexDisp8Scale the scaling factor for computing the compressed displacement of
548      *            EVEX-encoded instructions. This scaling factor only matters when the emitted
549      *            instruction uses one-byte-displacement form.
550      */
emitOperandHelper(int reg, AMD64Address addr, boolean force4Byte, int additionalInstructionSize, int evexDisp8Scale)551     private void emitOperandHelper(int reg, AMD64Address addr, boolean force4Byte, int additionalInstructionSize, int evexDisp8Scale) {
552         assert (reg & 0x07) == reg;
553         int regenc = reg << 3;
554 
555         Register base = addr.getBase();
556         Register index = addr.getIndex();
557 
558         Scale scale = addr.getScale();
559         int disp = addr.getDisplacement();
560 
561         if (base.equals(AMD64.rip)) { // also matches addresses returned by getPlaceholder()
562             // [00 000 101] disp32
563             assert index.equals(Register.None) : "cannot use RIP relative addressing with index register";
564             emitByte(0x05 | regenc);
565             if (codePatchingAnnotationConsumer != null && addr.instructionStartPosition >= 0) {
566                 codePatchingAnnotationConsumer.accept(new OperandDataAnnotation(addr.instructionStartPosition, position(), 4, position() + 4 + additionalInstructionSize));
567             }
568             emitInt(disp);
569         } else if (base.isValid()) {
570             boolean overriddenForce4Byte = force4Byte;
571             int baseenc = base.isValid() ? encode(base) : 0;
572 
573             if (index.isValid()) {
574                 int indexenc = encode(index) << 3;
575                 // [base + indexscale + disp]
576                 if (disp == 0 && !base.equals(rbp) && !base.equals(r13)) {
577                     // [base + indexscale]
578                     // [00 reg 100][ss index base]
579                     assert !index.equals(rsp) : "illegal addressing mode";
580                     emitByte(0x04 | regenc);
581                     emitByte(scale.log2 << 6 | indexenc | baseenc);
582                 } else {
583                     if (evexDisp8Scale > 1 && !overriddenForce4Byte) {
584                         if (disp % evexDisp8Scale == 0) {
585                             int newDisp = disp / evexDisp8Scale;
586                             if (isByte(newDisp)) {
587                                 disp = newDisp;
588                                 assert isByte(disp) && !overriddenForce4Byte;
589                             }
590                         } else {
591                             overriddenForce4Byte = true;
592                         }
593                     }
594                     if (isByte(disp) && !overriddenForce4Byte) {
595                         // [base + indexscale + imm8]
596                         // [01 reg 100][ss index base] imm8
597                         assert !index.equals(rsp) : "illegal addressing mode";
598                         emitByte(0x44 | regenc);
599                         emitByte(scale.log2 << 6 | indexenc | baseenc);
600                         emitByte(disp & 0xFF);
601                     } else {
602                         // [base + indexscale + disp32]
603                         // [10 reg 100][ss index base] disp32
604                         assert !index.equals(rsp) : "illegal addressing mode";
605                         emitByte(0x84 | regenc);
606                         emitByte(scale.log2 << 6 | indexenc | baseenc);
607                         emitInt(disp);
608                     }
609                 }
610             } else if (base.equals(rsp) || base.equals(r12)) {
611                 // [rsp + disp]
612                 if (disp == 0) {
613                     // [rsp]
614                     // [00 reg 100][00 100 100]
615                     emitByte(0x04 | regenc);
616                     emitByte(0x24);
617                 } else {
618                     if (evexDisp8Scale > 1 && !overriddenForce4Byte) {
619                         if (disp % evexDisp8Scale == 0) {
620                             int newDisp = disp / evexDisp8Scale;
621                             if (isByte(newDisp)) {
622                                 disp = newDisp;
623                                 assert isByte(disp) && !overriddenForce4Byte;
624                             }
625                         } else {
626                             overriddenForce4Byte = true;
627                         }
628                     }
629                     if (isByte(disp) && !overriddenForce4Byte) {
630                         // [rsp + imm8]
631                         // [01 reg 100][00 100 100] disp8
632                         emitByte(0x44 | regenc);
633                         emitByte(0x24);
634                         emitByte(disp & 0xFF);
635                     } else {
636                         // [rsp + imm32]
637                         // [10 reg 100][00 100 100] disp32
638                         emitByte(0x84 | regenc);
639                         emitByte(0x24);
640                         emitInt(disp);
641                     }
642                 }
643             } else {
644                 // [base + disp]
645                 assert !base.equals(rsp) && !base.equals(r12) : "illegal addressing mode";
646                 if (disp == 0 && !base.equals(rbp) && !base.equals(r13)) {
647                     // [base]
648                     // [00 reg base]
649                     emitByte(0x00 | regenc | baseenc);
650                 } else {
651                     if (evexDisp8Scale > 1 && !overriddenForce4Byte) {
652                         if (disp % evexDisp8Scale == 0) {
653                             int newDisp = disp / evexDisp8Scale;
654                             if (isByte(newDisp)) {
655                                 disp = newDisp;
656                                 assert isByte(disp) && !overriddenForce4Byte;
657                             }
658                         } else {
659                             overriddenForce4Byte = true;
660                         }
661                     }
662                     if (isByte(disp) && !overriddenForce4Byte) {
663                         // [base + disp8]
664                         // [01 reg base] disp8
665                         emitByte(0x40 | regenc | baseenc);
666                         emitByte(disp & 0xFF);
667                     } else {
668                         // [base + disp32]
669                         // [10 reg base] disp32
670                         emitByte(0x80 | regenc | baseenc);
671                         emitInt(disp);
672                     }
673                 }
674             }
675         } else {
676             if (index.isValid()) {
677                 int indexenc = encode(index) << 3;
678                 // [indexscale + disp]
679                 // [00 reg 100][ss index 101] disp32
680                 assert !index.equals(rsp) : "illegal addressing mode";
681                 emitByte(0x04 | regenc);
682                 emitByte(scale.log2 << 6 | indexenc | 0x05);
683                 emitInt(disp);
684             } else {
685                 // [disp] ABSOLUTE
686                 // [00 reg 100][00 100 101] disp32
687                 emitByte(0x04 | regenc);
688                 emitByte(0x25);
689                 emitInt(disp);
690             }
691         }
692     }
693 
694     private interface SIMDEncoder {
695 
696         void simdPrefix(Register xreg, Register nds, AMD64Address adr, int sizePrefix, int opcodeEscapePrefix, boolean isRexW);
697 
698         void simdPrefix(Register dst, Register nds, Register src, int sizePrefix, int opcodeEscapePrefix, boolean isRexW);
699 
700     }
701 
702     private class SSEEncoderImpl implements SIMDEncoder {
703 
704         @Override
simdPrefix(Register xreg, Register nds, AMD64Address adr, int sizePrefix, int opcodeEscapePrefix, boolean isRexW)705         public void simdPrefix(Register xreg, Register nds, AMD64Address adr, int sizePrefix, int opcodeEscapePrefix, boolean isRexW) {
706             assert (!nds.isValid()) || nds.equals(xreg);
707             if (sizePrefix > 0) {
708                 emitByte(sizePrefix);
709             }
710             if (isRexW) {
711                 prefixq(adr, xreg);
712             } else {
713                 prefix(adr, xreg);
714             }
715             if (opcodeEscapePrefix > 0xFF) {
716                 emitShort(opcodeEscapePrefix);
717             } else if (opcodeEscapePrefix > 0) {
718                 emitByte(opcodeEscapePrefix);
719             }
720         }
721 
722         @Override
simdPrefix(Register dst, Register nds, Register src, int sizePrefix, int opcodeEscapePrefix, boolean isRexW)723         public void simdPrefix(Register dst, Register nds, Register src, int sizePrefix, int opcodeEscapePrefix, boolean isRexW) {
724             assert (!nds.isValid()) || nds.equals(dst) || nds.equals(src);
725             if (sizePrefix > 0) {
726                 emitByte(sizePrefix);
727             }
728             if (isRexW) {
729                 prefixq(dst, src);
730             } else {
731                 prefix(dst, src);
732             }
733             if (opcodeEscapePrefix > 0xFF) {
734                 emitShort(opcodeEscapePrefix);
735             } else if (opcodeEscapePrefix > 0) {
736                 emitByte(opcodeEscapePrefix);
737             }
738         }
739     }
740 
741     public static final class VEXPrefixConfig {
742         public static final int L128 = 0;
743         public static final int L256 = 1;
744         public static final int L512 = 2;
745         public static final int LZ = 0;
746 
747         public static final int W0 = 0;
748         public static final int W1 = 1;
749         public static final int WIG = 0;
750 
751         public static final int P_ = 0x0;
752         public static final int P_66 = 0x1;
753         public static final int P_F3 = 0x2;
754         public static final int P_F2 = 0x3;
755 
756         public static final int M_0F = 0x1;
757         public static final int M_0F38 = 0x2;
758         public static final int M_0F3A = 0x3;
759 
VEXPrefixConfig()760         private VEXPrefixConfig() {
761         }
762     }
763 
764     private class VEXEncoderImpl implements SIMDEncoder {
765 
sizePrefixToPP(int sizePrefix)766         private int sizePrefixToPP(int sizePrefix) {
767             switch (sizePrefix) {
768                 case 0x66:
769                     return P_66;
770                 case 0xF2:
771                     return P_F2;
772                 case 0xF3:
773                     return P_F3;
774                 default:
775                     return P_;
776             }
777         }
778 
opcodeEscapePrefixToMMMMM(int opcodeEscapePrefix)779         private int opcodeEscapePrefixToMMMMM(int opcodeEscapePrefix) {
780             switch (opcodeEscapePrefix) {
781                 case 0x0F:
782                     return M_0F;
783                 case 0x380F:
784                     return M_0F38;
785                 case 0x3A0F:
786                     return M_0F3A;
787                 default:
788                     return 0;
789             }
790         }
791 
792         @Override
simdPrefix(Register reg, Register nds, AMD64Address rm, int sizePrefix, int opcodeEscapePrefix, boolean isRexW)793         public void simdPrefix(Register reg, Register nds, AMD64Address rm, int sizePrefix, int opcodeEscapePrefix, boolean isRexW) {
794             assert reg.encoding < 16 : "encoding out of range: " + reg.encoding;
795             assert nds.encoding < 16 : "encoding out of range: " + nds.encoding;
796             emitVEX(L128, sizePrefixToPP(sizePrefix), opcodeEscapePrefixToMMMMM(opcodeEscapePrefix), isRexW ? W1 : W0, getRXB(reg, rm), nds.isValid() ? nds.encoding : 0, true);
797         }
798 
799         @Override
800         public void simdPrefix(Register dst, Register nds, Register src, int sizePrefix, int opcodeEscapePrefix, boolean isRexW) {
801             assert dst.encoding < 16 : "encoding out of range: " + dst.encoding;
802             assert src.encoding < 16 : "encoding out of range: " + src.encoding;
803             assert nds.encoding < 16 : "encoding out of range: " + nds.encoding;
804             emitVEX(L128, sizePrefixToPP(sizePrefix), opcodeEscapePrefixToMMMMM(opcodeEscapePrefix), isRexW ? W1 : W0, getRXB(dst, src), nds.isValid() ? nds.encoding : 0, true);
805         }
806     }
807 
808     protected final void simdPrefix(Register xreg, Register nds, AMD64Address adr, OperandSize size, int overriddenSizePrefix, int opcodeEscapePrefix, boolean isRexW) {
809         simdEncoder.simdPrefix(xreg, nds, adr, overriddenSizePrefix != 0 ? overriddenSizePrefix : size.sizePrefix, opcodeEscapePrefix, isRexW);
810     }
811 
812     protected final void simdPrefix(Register xreg, Register nds, AMD64Address adr, OperandSize size, int opcodeEscapePrefix, boolean isRexW) {
813         simdEncoder.simdPrefix(xreg, nds, adr, size.sizePrefix, opcodeEscapePrefix, isRexW);
814     }
815 
816     protected final void simdPrefix(Register dst, Register nds, Register src, OperandSize size, int overriddenSizePrefix, int opcodeEscapePrefix, boolean isRexW) {
817         simdEncoder.simdPrefix(dst, nds, src, overriddenSizePrefix != 0 ? overriddenSizePrefix : size.sizePrefix, opcodeEscapePrefix, isRexW);
818     }
819 
820     protected final void simdPrefix(Register dst, Register nds, Register src, OperandSize size, int opcodeEscapePrefix, boolean isRexW) {
821         simdEncoder.simdPrefix(dst, nds, src, size.sizePrefix, opcodeEscapePrefix, isRexW);
822     }
823 
824  // @formatter:off
825  //
826  // Instruction Format and VEX illustrated below (optional []):
827  //
828  // #of bytes:    2,3      1       1       1       1,2,4       1
829  // [Prefixes]    VEX   OpCode   ModR/M  [SIB]   [Disp8*N] [Immediate]
830  //                                             [Disp16,32]
831  //
832  // VEX: 0xC4 | P1 | P2
833  //
834  //     7   6   5   4   3   2   1   0
835  // P1  R   X   B   m   m   m   m   m      P[ 7:0]
836  // P2  W   v   v   v   v   L   p   p      P[15:8]
837  //
838  // VEX: 0xC5 | B1
839  //
840  //     7   6   5   4   3   2   1   0
841  // P1  R   v   v   v   v   L   p   p      P[7:0]
842  //
843  // Figure. Bit Field Layout of the VEX Prefix
844  //
845  // Table. VEX Prefix Bit Field Functional Grouping
846  //
847  // Notation        Bit field Group        Position        Comment
848  // ----------  -------------------------  --------  -------------------
849  // VEX.RXB     Next-8 register specifier  P[7:5]    Combine with ModR/M.reg, ModR/M.rm (base, index/vidx).
850  // VEX.R       REX.R inverse              P[7]      Combine with EVEX.R and ModR/M.reg.
851  // VEX.X       REX.X inverse              P[6]      Combine with EVEX.B and ModR/M.rm, when SIB/VSIB absent.
852  // VEX.B       REX.B inverse              P[5]
853  // VEX.mmmmmm  0F, 0F_38, 0F_3A encoding  P[4:0]    b01/0x0F, b10/0F_38, b11/0F_3A (all other reserved)
854  //
855  // VEX.W       Opcode specific            P[15]
856  // VEX.vvvv    A register specifier       P[14:11]  In inverse form, b1111 if not used.
857  //                                        P[6:3]
858  // VEX.L       Vector length/RC           P[10]     b0/scalar or 128b vec, b1/256b vec.
859  //                                        P[2]
860  // VEX.pp      Compressed legacy prefix   P[9:8]    b00/None, b01/0x66, b10/0xF3, b11/0xF2
861  //                                        P[1:0]
862  // @formatter:on
863 
864     /**
865      * Low-level function to encode and emit the VEX prefix.
866      * <p>
867      * 2 byte form: [1100 0101] [R vvvv L pp]<br>
868      * 3 byte form: [1100 0100] [RXB m-mmmm] [W vvvv L pp]
869      * <p>
870      * The RXB and vvvv fields are stored in 1's complement in the prefix encoding. This function
871      * performs the 1s complement conversion, the caller is expected to pass plain unencoded
872      * arguments.
873      * <p>
874      * The pp field encodes an extension to the opcode:<br>
875      * 00: no extension<br>
876      * 01: 66<br>
877      * 10: F3<br>
878      * 11: F2
879      * <p>
880      * The m-mmmm field encodes the leading bytes of the opcode:<br>
881      * 00001: implied 0F leading opcode byte (default in 2-byte encoding)<br>
882      * 00010: implied 0F 38 leading opcode bytes<br>
883      * 00011: implied 0F 3A leading opcode bytes
884      * <p>
885      * This function automatically chooses the 2 or 3 byte encoding, based on the XBW flags and the
886      * m-mmmm field.
887      */
888     protected final void emitVEX(int l, int pp, int mmmmm, int w, int rxb, int vvvv, boolean checkAVX) {
889         assert !checkAVX || ((AMD64) target.arch).getFeatures().contains(CPUFeature.AVX) : "emitting VEX prefix on a CPU without AVX support";
890 
891         assert l == L128 || l == L256 : "invalid value for VEX.L";
892         assert pp == P_ || pp == P_66 || pp == P_F3 || pp == P_F2 : "invalid value for VEX.pp";
893         assert mmmmm == M_0F || mmmmm == M_0F38 || mmmmm == M_0F3A : "invalid value for VEX.m-mmmm";
894         assert w == W0 || w == W1 : "invalid value for VEX.W";
895 
896         assert (rxb & 0x07) == rxb : "invalid value for VEX.RXB";
897         assert (vvvv & 0x0F) == vvvv : "invalid value for VEX.vvvv";
898 
899         int rxb1s = rxb ^ 0x07;
900         int vvvv1s = vvvv ^ 0x0F;
901         if ((rxb & 0x03) == 0 && w == WIG && mmmmm == M_0F) {
902             // 2 byte encoding
903             int byte2 = 0;
904             byte2 |= (rxb1s & 0x04) << 5;
905             byte2 |= vvvv1s << 3;
906             byte2 |= l << 2;
907             byte2 |= pp;
908 
909             emitByte(Prefix.VEX2);
910             emitByte(byte2);
911         } else {
912             // 3 byte encoding
913             int byte2 = 0;
914             byte2 = (rxb1s & 0x07) << 5;
915             byte2 |= mmmmm;
916 
917             int byte3 = 0;
918             byte3 |= w << 7;
919             byte3 |= vvvv1s << 3;
920             byte3 |= l << 2;
921             byte3 |= pp;
922 
923             emitByte(Prefix.VEX3);
924             emitByte(byte2);
925             emitByte(byte3);
926         }
927     }
928 
929     public static int getLFlag(AVXSize size) {
930         switch (size) {
931             case XMM:
932                 return L128;
933             case YMM:
934                 return L256;
935             case ZMM:
936                 return L512;
937             default:
938                 return LZ;
939         }
940     }
941 
942     public static boolean isAVX512Register(Register reg) {
943         return reg != null && reg.isValid() && AMD64.XMM.equals(reg.getRegisterCategory()) && reg.encoding > 15;
944     }
945 
946     public final boolean vexPrefix(Register dst, Register nds, Register src, AVXSize size, int pp, int mmmmm, int w, int wEvex, boolean checkAVX) {
947         if (isAVX512Register(dst) || isAVX512Register(nds) || isAVX512Register(src) || size == AVXSize.ZMM) {
948             evexPrefix(dst, Register.None, nds, src, size, pp, mmmmm, wEvex, Z0, B0);
949             return true;
950         }
951         emitVEX(getLFlag(size), pp, mmmmm, w, getRXB(dst, src), nds.isValid() ? nds.encoding() : 0, checkAVX);
952         return false;
953     }
954 
955     public final boolean vexPrefix(Register dst, Register nds, AMD64Address src, AVXSize size, int pp, int mmmmm, int w, int wEvex, boolean checkAVX) {
956         if (isAVX512Register(dst) || isAVX512Register(nds) || size == AVXSize.ZMM) {
957             evexPrefix(dst, Register.None, nds, src, size, pp, mmmmm, wEvex, Z0, B0);
958             return true;
959         }
960         emitVEX(getLFlag(size), pp, mmmmm, w, getRXB(dst, src), nds.isValid() ? nds.encoding() : 0, checkAVX);
961         return false;
962     }
963 
964     protected static final class EVEXPrefixConfig {
965         public static final int Z0 = 0x0;
966         public static final int Z1 = 0x1;
967 
968         public static final int B0 = 0x0;
969         public static final int B1 = 0x1;
970 
971         private EVEXPrefixConfig() {
972         }
973     }
974 
975     private static final int NOT_SUPPORTED_VECTOR_LENGTH = -1;
976 
977     /**
978      * EVEX-encoded instructions use a compressed displacement scheme by multiplying disp8 with a
979      * scaling factor N depending on the tuple type and the vector length.
980      *
981      * Reference: Intel Software Developer's Manual Volume 2, Section 2.6.5
982      */
983     protected enum EVEXTuple {
984         INVALID(NOT_SUPPORTED_VECTOR_LENGTH, NOT_SUPPORTED_VECTOR_LENGTH, NOT_SUPPORTED_VECTOR_LENGTH),
985         FV_NO_BROADCAST_32BIT(16, 32, 64),
986         FV_BROADCAST_32BIT(4, 4, 4),
987         FV_NO_BROADCAST_64BIT(16, 32, 64),
988         FV_BROADCAST_64BIT(8, 8, 8),
989         HV_NO_BROADCAST_32BIT(8, 16, 32),
990         HV_BROADCAST_32BIT(4, 4, 4),
991         FVM(16, 32, 64),
992         T1S_8BIT(1, 1, 1),
993         T1S_16BIT(2, 2, 2),
994         T1S_32BIT(4, 4, 4),
995         T1S_64BIT(8, 8, 8),
996         T1F_32BIT(4, 4, 4),
997         T1F_64BIT(8, 8, 8),
998         T2_32BIT(8, 8, 8),
999         T2_64BIT(NOT_SUPPORTED_VECTOR_LENGTH, 16, 16),
1000         T4_32BIT(NOT_SUPPORTED_VECTOR_LENGTH, 16, 16),
1001         T4_64BIT(NOT_SUPPORTED_VECTOR_LENGTH, NOT_SUPPORTED_VECTOR_LENGTH, 32),
1002         T8_32BIT(NOT_SUPPORTED_VECTOR_LENGTH, NOT_SUPPORTED_VECTOR_LENGTH, 32),
1003         HVM(8, 16, 32),
1004         QVM(4, 8, 16),
1005         OVM(2, 4, 8),
1006         M128(16, 16, 16),
1007         DUP(8, 32, 64);
1008 
1009         private final int scalingFactorVL128;
1010         private final int scalingFactorVL256;
1011         private final int scalingFactorVL512;
1012 
1013         EVEXTuple(int scalingFactorVL128, int scalingFactorVL256, int scalingFactorVL512) {
1014             this.scalingFactorVL128 = scalingFactorVL128;
1015             this.scalingFactorVL256 = scalingFactorVL256;
1016             this.scalingFactorVL512 = scalingFactorVL512;
1017         }
1018 
1019         private static int verifyScalingFactor(int scalingFactor) {
1020             if (scalingFactor == NOT_SUPPORTED_VECTOR_LENGTH) {
1021                 throw GraalError.shouldNotReachHere("Invalid scaling factor.");
1022             }
1023             return scalingFactor;
1024         }
1025 
1026         public int getDisp8ScalingFactor(AVXSize size) {
1027             switch (size) {
1028                 case XMM:
1029                     return verifyScalingFactor(scalingFactorVL128);
1030                 case YMM:
1031                     return verifyScalingFactor(scalingFactorVL256);
1032                 case ZMM:
1033                     return verifyScalingFactor(scalingFactorVL512);
1034                 default:
1035                     throw GraalError.shouldNotReachHere("Unsupported vector size.");
1036             }
1037         }
1038     }
1039 
1040  // @formatter:off
1041  //
1042  // Instruction Format and EVEX illustrated below (optional []):
1043  //
1044  // #of bytes:      4       1       1       1       1,2,4       1
1045  // [Prefixes]    EVEX   OpCode   ModR/M  [SIB]   [Disp8*N] [Immediate]
1046  //                                              [Disp16,32]
1047  //
1048  // The EVEX prefix is a 4-byte prefix, with the first two bytes derived from unused encoding
1049  // form of the 32-bit-mode-only BOUND instruction. The layout of the EVEX prefix is shown in
1050  // the figure below. The first byte must be 0x62, followed by three pay-load bytes, denoted
1051  // as P1, P2, and P3 individually or collectively as P[23:0] (see below).
1052  //
1053  // EVEX: 0x62 | P1 | P2 | P3
1054  //
1055  //     7   6   5   4   3   2   1   0
1056  // P1  R   X   B   R'  0   0   m   m      P[ 7: 0]
1057  // P2  W   v   v   v   v   1   p   p      P[15: 8]
1058  // P3  z   L'  L   b   V'  a   a   a      P[23:16]
1059  //
1060  // Figure. Bit Field Layout of the EVEX Prefix
1061  //
1062  // Table. EVEX Prefix Bit Field Functional Grouping
1063  //
1064  // Notation        Bit field Group        Position        Comment
1065  // ---------  --------------------------  --------  -----------------------
1066  // EVEX.RXB   Next-8 register specifier   P[7:5]    Combine with ModR/M.reg, ModR/M.rm (base, index/vidx).
1067  // EVEX.X     High-16 register specifier  P[6]      Combine with EVEX.B and ModR/M.rm, when SIB/VSIB absent.
1068  // EVEX.R'    High-16 register specifier  P[4]      Combine with EVEX.R and ModR/M.reg.
1069  // --         Reserved                    P[3:2]    Must be 0.
1070  // EVEX.mm    Compressed legacy escape    P[1:0]    Identical to low two bits of VEX.mmmmm.
1071  //
1072  // EVEX.W     Osize promotion/Opcode ext  P[15]
1073  // EVEX.vvvv  NDS register specifier      P[14:11]  Same as VEX.vvvv.
1074  // --         Fixed Value                 P[10]     Must be 1.
1075  // EVEX.pp    Compressed legacy prefix    P[9:8]    Identical to VEX.pp.
1076  //
1077  // EVEX.z     Zeroing/Merging             P[23]
1078  // EVEX.L'L   Vector length/RC            P[22:21]
1079  // EVEX.b     Broadcast/RC/SAE Context    P[20]
1080  // EVEX.V'    High-16 NDS/VIDX register   P[19]     Combine with EVEX.vvvv or VSIB when present.
1081  // EVEX.aaa   Embedded opmask register    P[18:16]
1082  //
1083  // @formatter:on
1084 
1085     /**
1086      * Low-level function to encode and emit the EVEX prefix.
1087      * <p>
1088      * 62 [0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0]<br>
1089      * P1 [R X B R'0 0 m m]<br>
1090      * P2 [W v v v v 1 p p]<br>
1091      * P3 [z L'L b V'a a a]
1092      * <p>
1093      * The pp field encodes an extension to the opcode:<br>
1094      * 00: no extension<br>
1095      * 01: 66<br>
1096      * 10: F3<br>
1097      * 11: F2
1098      * <p>
1099      * The mm field encodes the leading bytes of the opcode:<br>
1100      * 01: implied 0F leading opcode byte<br>
1101      * 10: implied 0F 38 leading opcode bytes<br>
1102      * 11: implied 0F 3A leading opcode bytes
1103      * <p>
1104      * The z field encodes the merging mode (merge or zero).
1105      * <p>
1106      * The b field encodes the source broadcast or data rounding modes.
1107      * <p>
1108      * The aaa field encodes the operand mask register.
1109      */
1110     private void emitEVEX(int l, int pp, int mm, int w, int rxb, int reg, int vvvvv, int z, int b, int aaa) {
1111         assert ((AMD64) target.arch).getFeatures().contains(CPUFeature.AVX512F) : "emitting EVEX prefix on a CPU without AVX512 support";
1112 
1113         assert l == L128 || l == L256 || l == L512 : "invalid value for EVEX.L'L";
1114         assert pp == P_ || pp == P_66 || pp == P_F3 || pp == P_F2 : "invalid value for EVEX.pp";
1115         assert mm == M_0F || mm == M_0F38 || mm == M_0F3A : "invalid value for EVEX.mm";
1116         assert w == W0 || w == W1 : "invalid value for EVEX.W";
1117 
1118         assert (rxb & 0x07) == rxb : "invalid value for EVEX.RXB";
1119         assert (reg & 0x1F) == reg : "invalid value for EVEX.R'";
1120         assert (vvvvv & 0x1F) == vvvvv : "invalid value for EVEX.V'vvvv";
1121 
1122         assert z == Z0 || z == Z1 : "invalid value for EVEX.z";
1123         assert b == B0 || b == B1 : "invalid value for EVEX.b";
1124         assert (aaa & 0x07) == aaa : "invalid value for EVEX.aaa";
1125 
1126         emitByte(Prefix.EVEX);
1127         int p1 = 0;
1128         p1 |= ((rxb ^ 0x07) & 0x07) << 5;
1129         p1 |= reg < 16 ? 0x10 : 0;
1130         p1 |= mm;
1131         emitByte(p1);
1132 
1133         int p2 = 0;
1134         p2 |= w << 7;
1135         p2 |= ((vvvvv ^ 0x0F) & 0x0F) << 3;
1136         p2 |= 0x04;
1137         p2 |= pp;
1138         emitByte(p2);
1139 
1140         int p3 = 0;
1141         p3 |= z << 7;
1142         p3 |= l << 5;
1143         p3 |= b << 4;
1144         p3 |= vvvvv < 16 ? 0x08 : 0;
1145         p3 |= aaa;
1146         emitByte(p3);
1147     }
1148 
1149     /**
1150      * Get RXB bits for register-register instructions in EVEX-encoding, where ModRM.rm contains a
1151      * register index. The R bit extends the ModRM.reg field and the X and B bits extends the
1152      * ModRM.rm field.
1153      */
1154     private static int getRXBForEVEX(Register reg, Register rm) {
1155         int rxb = (reg == null ? 0 : reg.encoding & 0x08) >> 1;
1156         rxb |= (rm == null ? 0 : rm.encoding & 0x018) >> 3;
1157         return rxb;
1158     }
1159 
1160     /**
1161      * Helper method for emitting EVEX prefix in the form of RRRR.
1162      */
1163     protected final void evexPrefix(Register dst, Register mask, Register nds, Register src, AVXSize size, int pp, int mm, int w, int z, int b) {
1164         assert !mask.isValid() || inRC(MASK, mask);
1165         emitEVEX(getLFlag(size), pp, mm, w, getRXBForEVEX(dst, src), dst.encoding, nds.isValid() ? nds.encoding() : 0, z, b, mask.isValid() ? mask.encoding : 0);
1166     }
1167 
1168     /**
1169      * Helper method for emitting EVEX prefix in the form of RRRM. Because the memory addressing in
1170      * EVEX-encoded instructions employ a compressed displacement scheme when using disp8 form, the
1171      * user of this API should make sure to encode the operands using
1172      * {@link #emitOperandHelper(Register, AMD64Address, int, int)}.
1173      */
1174     protected final void evexPrefix(Register dst, Register mask, Register nds, AMD64Address src, AVXSize size, int pp, int mm, int w, int z, int b) {
1175         assert !mask.isValid() || inRC(MASK, mask);
1176         emitEVEX(getLFlag(size), pp, mm, w, getRXB(dst, src), dst.encoding, nds.isValid() ? nds.encoding() : 0, z, b, mask.isValid() ? mask.encoding : 0);
1177     }
1178 
1179 }
1180