1------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2--                                                                          --
3--                         GNAT COMPILER COMPONENTS                         --
4--                                                                          --
5--                             E X P _ D I S P                              --
6--                                                                          --
7--                                 S p e c                                  --
8--                                                                          --
9--          Copyright (C) 1992-2019, Free Software Foundation, Inc.         --
10--                                                                          --
11-- GNAT is free software;  you can  redistribute it  and/or modify it under --
12-- terms of the  GNU General Public License as published  by the Free Soft- --
13-- ware  Foundation;  either version 3,  or (at your option) any later ver- --
14-- sion.  GNAT is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITH- --
15-- OUT ANY WARRANTY;  without even the  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY --
16-- or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License --
17-- for  more details.  You should have  received  a copy of the GNU General --
18-- Public License  distributed with GNAT; see file COPYING3.  If not, go to --
19-- http://www.gnu.org/licenses for a complete copy of the license.          --
20--                                                                          --
21-- GNAT was originally developed  by the GNAT team at  New York University. --
22-- Extensive contributions were provided by Ada Core Technologies Inc.      --
23--                                                                          --
24------------------------------------------------------------------------------
25
26--  This package contains routines involved in tagged types and dynamic
27--  dispatching expansion.
28
29with Types; use Types;
30with Uintp; use Uintp;
31
32package Exp_Disp is
33
34   -------------------------------------
35   -- Predefined primitive operations --
36   -------------------------------------
37
38   --  The predefined primitive operations (PPOs) are subprograms generated
39   --  by GNAT for a particular tagged type. Their role is to provide support
40   --  for different Ada language features such as the attribute 'Size or
41   --  handling of dispatching triggers in select statements. PPOs are created
42   --  when a tagged type is expanded or frozen. These subprograms are later
43   --  collected and inserted into the dispatch table of a tagged type at
44   --  fixed positions. Some of the PPOs that manipulate data in tagged objects
45   --  require the generation of thunks.
46
47   --  List of predefined primitive operations
48
49   --    Leading underscores designate reserved names. Bracketed numerical
50   --    values represent dispatch table slot numbers.
51
52   --      _Size (1) - implementation of the attribute 'Size for any tagged
53   --      type. Constructs of the form Prefix'Size are converted into
54   --      Prefix._Size.
55
56   --      TSS_Stream_Read (2) - implementation of the stream attribute Read
57   --      for any tagged type.
58
59   --      TSS_Stream_Write (3) - implementation of the stream attribute Write
60   --      for any tagged type.
61
62   --      TSS_Stream_Input (4) - implementation of the stream attribute Input
63   --      for any tagged type.
64
65   --      TSS_Stream_Output (5) - implementation of the stream attribute
66   --      Output for any tagged type.
67
68   --      Op_Eq (6) - implementation of the equality operator for any non-
69   --      limited tagged type.
70
71   --      _Assign (7) - implementation of the assignment operator for any
72   --      non-limited tagged type.
73
74   --      TSS_Deep_Adjust (8) - implementation of the finalization operation
75   --      Adjust for any non-limited tagged type.
76
77   --      TSS_Deep_Finalize (9) - implementation of the finalization
78   --      operation Finalize for any non-limited tagged type.
79
80   --      _Disp_Asynchronous_Select (10) - used in the expansion of ATC with
81   --      dispatching triggers. Null implementation for limited interfaces,
82   --      full body generation for types that implement limited interfaces,
83   --      not generated for the rest of the cases. See Expand_N_Asynchronous_
84   --      Select in Exp_Ch9 for more information.
85
86   --      _Disp_Conditional_Select (11) - used in the expansion of conditional
87   --      selects with dispatching triggers. Null implementation for limited
88   --      interfaces, full body generation for types that implement limited
89   --      interfaces, not generated for the rest of the cases. See Expand_N_
90   --      Conditional_Entry_Call in Exp_Ch9 for more information.
91
92   --      _Disp_Get_Prim_Op_Kind (12) - helper routine used in the expansion
93   --      of ATC with dispatching triggers. Null implementation for limited
94   --      interfaces, full body generation for types that implement limited
95   --      interfaces, not generated for the rest of the cases.
96
97   --      _Disp_Get_Task_Id (13) - helper routine used in the expansion of
98   --      Abort, attributes 'Callable and 'Terminated for task interface
99   --      class-wide types. Full body generation for task types, null
100   --      implementation for limited interfaces, not generated for the rest
101   --      of the cases. See Expand_N_Attribute_Reference in Exp_Attr and
102   --      Expand_N_Abort_Statement in Exp_Ch9 for more information.
103
104   --      _Disp_Requeue (14) - used in the expansion of dispatching requeue
105   --      statements. Null implementation is provided for protected, task
106   --      and synchronized interfaces. Protected and task types implementing
107   --      concurrent interfaces receive full bodies. See Expand_N_Requeue_
108   --      Statement in Exp_Ch9 for more information.
109
110   --      _Disp_Timed_Select (15) - used in the expansion of timed selects
111   --      with dispatching triggers. Null implementation for limited
112   --      interfaces, full body generation for types that implement limited
113   --      interfaces, not generated for the rest of the cases. See Expand_N_
114   --      Timed_Entry_Call for more information.
115
116   --  Life cycle of predefined primitive operations
117
118   --      The specifications and bodies of the PPOs are created by
119   --      Make_Predefined_Primitive_Specs and Predefined_Primitive_Bodies
120   --      in Exp_Ch3. The generated specifications are immediately analyzed,
121   --      while the bodies are left as freeze actions to the tagged type for
122   --      which they are created.
123
124   --      PPOs are collected and added to the Primitive_Operations list of
125   --      a type by the regular analysis mechanism.
126
127   --      PPOs are frozen by Exp_Ch3.Predefined_Primitive_Freeze
128
129   --      Thunks for PPOs are created by Make_DT
130
131   --      Dispatch table positions of PPOs are set by Set_All_DT_Position
132
133   --      Calls to PPOs proceed as regular dispatching calls. If the PPO
134   --      has a thunk, a call proceeds as a regular dispatching call with
135   --      a thunk.
136
137   --  Guidelines for addition of new predefined primitive operations
138
139   --      Update the value of constant Max_Predef_Prims in a-tags.ads to
140   --      indicate the new number of PPOs.
141
142   --      Introduce a new predefined name for the new PPO in Snames.ads and
143   --      Snames.adb.
144
145   --      Categorize the new PPO name as predefined by adding an entry in
146   --      Is_Predefined_Dispatching_Operation in Exp_Disp.
147
148   --      Generate the specification of the new PPO in Make_Predefined_
149   --      Primitive_Spec in Exp_Ch3.adb. The Is_Internal flag of the defining
150   --      identifier of the specification must be set to True.
151
152   --      Generate the body of the new PPO in Predefined_Primitive_Bodies in
153   --      Exp_Ch3.adb. The Is_Internal flag of the defining identifier of the
154   --      specification must be set to True.
155
156   --      If the new PPO requires a thunk, add an entry in Freeze_Subprogram
157   --      in Exp_Ch6.adb.
158
159   --      When generating calls to a PPO, use Find_Prim_Op from Exp_Util.ads
160   --      to retrieve the entity of the operation directly.
161
162   --  Number of predefined primitive operations added by the Expander
163   --  for a tagged type. If more predefined primitive operations are
164   --  added, the following items must be changed:
165
166   --    Ada.Tags.Max_Predef_Prims         - indirect use
167   --    Exp_Disp.Default_Prim_Op_Position - indirect use
168   --    Exp_Disp.Set_All_DT_Position      - direct   use
169
170   procedure Apply_Tag_Checks (Call_Node : Node_Id);
171   --  Generate checks required on dispatching calls
172
173   function Building_Static_DT (Typ : Entity_Id) return Boolean;
174   pragma Inline (Building_Static_DT);
175   --  Returns true when building statically allocated dispatch tables
176
177   function Building_Static_Secondary_DT (Typ : Entity_Id) return Boolean;
178   pragma Inline (Building_Static_Secondary_DT);
179   --  Returns true when building statically allocated secondary dispatch
180   --  tables
181
182   procedure Build_Static_Dispatch_Tables (N : Node_Id);
183   --  N is a library level package declaration or package body. Build the
184   --  static dispatch table of the tagged types defined at library level. In
185   --  case of package declarations with private part the generated nodes are
186   --  added at the end of the list of private declarations. Otherwise they are
187   --  added to the end of the list of public declarations. In case of package
188   --  bodies they are added to the end of the list of declarations of the
189   --  package body.
190
191   function Convert_Tag_To_Interface
192     (Typ : Entity_Id; Expr : Node_Id) return Node_Id;
193   pragma Inline (Convert_Tag_To_Interface);
194   --  This function is used in class-wide interface conversions; the expanded
195   --  code generated to convert a tagged object to a class-wide interface type
196   --  involves referencing the tag component containing the secondary dispatch
197   --  table associated with the interface. Given the expression Expr that
198   --  references a tag component, we cannot generate an unchecked conversion
199   --  to leave the expression decorated with the class-wide interface type Typ
200   --  because an unchecked conversion cannot be seen as a no-op. An unchecked
201   --  conversion is conceptually a function call and therefore the RM allows
202   --  the backend to obtain a copy of the value of the actual object and store
203   --  it in some other place (like a register); in such case the interface
204   --  conversion is not equivalent to a displacement of the pointer to the
205   --  interface and any further displacement fails. Although the functionality
206   --  of this function is simple and could be done directly, the purpose of
207   --  this routine is to leave well documented in the sources these
208   --  occurrences.
209
210   --  If Expr is an N_Selected_Component that references a tag generate:
211   --     type ityp is non null access Typ;
212   --     ityp!(Expr'Address).all
213
214   --  if Expr is an N_Function_Call to Ada.Tags.Displace then generate:
215   --     type ityp is non null access Typ;
216   --     ityp!(Expr).all
217
218   function CPP_Num_Prims (Typ : Entity_Id) return Nat;
219   --  Return the number of primitives of the C++ part of the dispatch table.
220   --  For types that are not derivations of CPP types return 0.
221
222   function Elab_Flag_Needed (Typ : Entity_Id) return Boolean;
223   --  Return True if the elaboration of the tagged type Typ is completed at
224   --  run time by the execution of code located in the IP routine and the
225   --  expander must generate an extra elaboration flag to avoid performing
226   --  such elaboration twice.
227
228   procedure Expand_Dispatching_Call (Call_Node : Node_Id);
229   --  Expand the call to the operation through the dispatch table and perform
230   --  the required tag checks when appropriate. For CPP types tag checks are
231   --  not relevant.
232
233   procedure Expand_Interface_Actuals (Call_Node : Node_Id);
234   --  Ada 2005 (AI-251): Displace all the actuals corresponding to class-wide
235   --  interfaces to reference the interface tag of the actual object
236
237   procedure Expand_Interface_Conversion (N : Node_Id);
238   --  Ada 2005 (AI-251): N is a type-conversion node. Displace the pointer
239   --  to the object to give access to the interface tag associated with the
240   --  dispatch table of the target type.
241
242   procedure Expand_Interface_Thunk
243     (Prim       : Node_Id;
244      Thunk_Id   : out Entity_Id;
245      Thunk_Code : out Node_Id);
246   --  Ada 2005 (AI-251): When a tagged type implements abstract interfaces we
247   --  generate additional subprograms (thunks) associated with each primitive
248   --  Prim to have a layout compatible with the C++ ABI. The thunk displaces
249   --  the pointers to the actuals that depend on the controlling type before
250   --  transferring control to the target subprogram. If there is no need to
251   --  generate the thunk then Thunk_Id and Thunk_Code are set to Empty.
252   --  Otherwise they are set to the defining identifier and the subprogram
253   --  body of the generated thunk.
254
255   function Has_CPP_Constructors (Typ : Entity_Id) return Boolean;
256   --  Returns true if the type has CPP constructors
257
258   function Is_Expanded_Dispatching_Call (N : Node_Id) return Boolean;
259   --  Returns true if N is the expanded code of a dispatching call
260
261   function Make_DT (Typ : Entity_Id; N : Node_Id := Empty) return List_Id;
262   --  Expand the declarations for the Dispatch Table. The node N is the
263   --  declaration that forces the generation of the table. It is used to place
264   --  error messages when the declaration leads to the freezing of a given
265   --  primitive operation that has an incomplete non- tagged formal.
266
267   function Make_Disp_Asynchronous_Select_Body
268     (Typ : Entity_Id) return Node_Id;
269   --  Ada 2005 (AI-345): Generate the body of the primitive operation of type
270   --  Typ used for dispatching in asynchronous selects. Generate a null body
271   --  if Typ is an interface type.
272
273   function Make_Disp_Asynchronous_Select_Spec
274     (Typ : Entity_Id) return Node_Id;
275   --  Ada 2005 (AI-345): Generate the specification of the primitive operation
276   --  of type Typ used for dispatching in asynchronous selects.
277
278   function Make_Disp_Conditional_Select_Body
279     (Typ : Entity_Id) return Node_Id;
280   --  Ada 2005 (AI-345): Generate the body of the primitive operation of type
281   --  Typ used for dispatching in conditional selects. Generate a null body
282   --  if Typ is an interface type.
283
284   function Make_Disp_Conditional_Select_Spec
285     (Typ : Entity_Id) return Node_Id;
286   --  Ada 2005 (AI-345): Generate the specification of the primitive operation
287   --  of type Typ used for dispatching in conditional selects.
288
289   function Make_Disp_Get_Prim_Op_Kind_Body
290     (Typ : Entity_Id) return Node_Id;
291   --  Ada 2005 (AI-345): Generate the body of the primitive operation of type
292   --  Typ used for retrieving the callable entity kind during dispatching in
293   --  asynchronous selects. Generate a null body if Typ is an interface type.
294
295   function Make_Disp_Get_Prim_Op_Kind_Spec
296     (Typ : Entity_Id) return Node_Id;
297   --  Ada 2005 (AI-345): Generate the specification of the primitive operation
298   --  of the type Typ use for retrieving the callable entity kind during
299   --  dispatching in asynchronous selects.
300
301   function Make_Disp_Get_Task_Id_Body
302     (Typ : Entity_Id) return Node_Id;
303   --  Ada 2005 (AI-345): Generate body of the primitive operation of type Typ
304   --  used for retrieving the _task_id field of a task interface class- wide
305   --  type. Generate a null body if Typ is an interface or a non-task type.
306
307   function Make_Disp_Get_Task_Id_Spec
308     (Typ : Entity_Id) return Node_Id;
309   --  Ada 2005 (AI-345): Generate the specification of the primitive operation
310   --  of type Typ used for retrieving the _task_id field of a task interface
311   --  class-wide type.
312
313   function Make_Disp_Requeue_Body
314     (Typ : Entity_Id) return Node_Id;
315   --  Ada 2005 (AI05-0030): Generate the body of the primitive operation of
316   --  type Typ used for dispatching on requeue statements. Generate a body
317   --  containing a single null-statement if Typ is an interface type.
318
319   function Make_Disp_Requeue_Spec
320     (Typ : Entity_Id) return Node_Id;
321   --  Ada 2005 (AI05-0030): Generate the specification of the primitive
322   --  operation of type Typ used for dispatching requeue statements.
323
324   function Make_Disp_Timed_Select_Body
325     (Typ : Entity_Id) return Node_Id;
326   --  Ada 2005 (AI-345): Generate the body of the primitive operation of type
327   --  Typ used for dispatching in timed selects. Generate a body containing
328   --  a single null-statement if Typ is an interface type.
329
330   function Make_Disp_Timed_Select_Spec
331     (Typ : Entity_Id) return Node_Id;
332   --  Ada 2005 (AI-345): Generate the specification of the primitive operation
333   --  of type Typ used for dispatching in timed selects.
334
335   function Make_Select_Specific_Data_Table
336     (Typ : Entity_Id) return List_Id;
337   --  Ada 2005 (AI-345): Create and populate the auxiliary table in the TSD
338   --  of Typ used for dispatching in asynchronous, conditional and timed
339   --  selects. Generate code to set the primitive operation kinds and entry
340   --  indexes of primitive operations and primitive wrappers.
341
342   function Make_Tags (Typ : Entity_Id) return List_Id;
343   --  Generate the entities associated with the primary and secondary tags of
344   --  Typ and fill the contents of Access_Disp_Table. In case of library level
345   --  tagged types this routine imports the forward declaration of the tag
346   --  entity, that will be declared and exported by Make_DT.
347
348   function Register_Primitive
349     (Loc     : Source_Ptr;
350      Prim    : Entity_Id) return List_Id;
351   --  Build code to register Prim in the primary or secondary dispatch table.
352   --  If Prim is associated with a secondary dispatch table then generate also
353   --  its thunk and register it in the associated secondary dispatch table.
354   --  In general the dispatch tables are always generated by Make_DT and
355   --  Make_Secondary_DT; this routine is only used in two corner cases:
356   --
357   --    1) To construct the dispatch table of a tagged type whose parent
358   --       is a CPP_Class (see Build_Init_Procedure).
359   --    2) To handle late overriding of dispatching operations (see
360   --       Check_Dispatching_Operation and Make_DT).
361   --
362   --  The caller is responsible for inserting the generated code in the
363   --  proper place.
364
365   procedure Set_All_DT_Position (Typ : Entity_Id);
366   --  Set the DT_Position field for each primitive operation. In the CPP
367   --  Class case check that no pragma CPP_Virtual is missing and that the
368   --  DT_Position are coherent
369
370   procedure Set_CPP_Constructors (Typ : Entity_Id);
371   --  Typ is a CPP_Class type. Create the Init procedures of that type
372   --  required to handle its default and non-default constructors. The
373   --  functions to which pragma CPP_Constructor is applied in the sources
374   --  are functions returning this type, and having an implicit access to the
375   --  target object in its first argument; such implicit argument is explicit
376   --  in the IP procedures built here.
377
378   procedure Set_DT_Position_Value (Prim  : Entity_Id; Value : Uint);
379   --  Set the position of a dispatching primitive its dispatch table. For
380   --  subprogram wrappers propagate the value to the wrapped subprogram.
381
382   procedure Set_DTC_Entity_Value (Tagged_Type : Entity_Id; Prim : Entity_Id);
383   --  Set the definite value of the DTC_Entity value associated with a given
384   --  primitive of a tagged type. For subprogram wrappers, propagate the value
385   --  to the wrapped subprogram.
386
387   procedure Write_DT (Typ : Entity_Id);
388   pragma Export (Ada, Write_DT);
389   --  Debugging procedure (to be called within gdb)
390
391end Exp_Disp;
392