1 /*
2  * Copyright (C) 2010 The Android Open Source Project
3  *
4  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
5  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
6  * You may obtain a copy of the License at
7  *
8  *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
9  *
10  * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
11  * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
12  * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
13  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
14  * limitations under the License.
15  */
16 
17 package ch.boye.httpclientandroidlib.androidextra;
18 
19 import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
20 
21 /**
22  * Utilities for encoding and decoding the Base64 representation of
23  * binary data.  See RFCs <a
24  * href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2045.txt">2045</a> and <a
25  * href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3548.txt">3548</a>.
26  */
27 public class Base64 {
28     /**
29      * Default values for encoder/decoder flags.
30      */
31     public static final int DEFAULT = 0;
32 
33     /**
34      * Encoder flag bit to omit the padding '=' characters at the end
35      * of the output (if any).
36      */
37     public static final int NO_PADDING = 1;
38 
39     /**
40      * Encoder flag bit to omit all line terminators (i.e., the output
41      * will be on one long line).
42      */
43     public static final int NO_WRAP = 2;
44 
45     /**
46      * Encoder flag bit to indicate lines should be terminated with a
47      * CRLF pair instead of just an LF.  Has no effect if {@code
48      * NO_WRAP} is specified as well.
49      */
50     public static final int CRLF = 4;
51 
52     /**
53      * Encoder/decoder flag bit to indicate using the "URL and
54      * filename safe" variant of Base64 (see RFC 3548 section 4) where
55      * {@code -} and {@code _} are used in place of {@code +} and
56      * {@code /}.
57      */
58     public static final int URL_SAFE = 8;
59 
60     /**
61      * Flag to pass to {@link Base64OutputStream} to indicate that it
62      * should not close the output stream it is wrapping when it
63      * itself is closed.
64      */
65     public static final int NO_CLOSE = 16;
66 
67     //  --------------------------------------------------------
68     //  shared code
69     //  --------------------------------------------------------
70 
71     /* package */ static abstract class Coder {
72         public byte[] output;
73         public int op;
74 
75         /**
76          * Encode/decode another block of input data.  this.output is
77          * provided by the caller, and must be big enough to hold all
78          * the coded data.  On exit, this.opwill be set to the length
79          * of the coded data.
80          *
81          * @param finish true if this is the final call to process for
82          *        this object.  Will finalize the coder state and
83          *        include any final bytes in the output.
84          *
85          * @return true if the input so far is good; false if some
86          *         error has been detected in the input stream..
87          */
process(byte[] input, int offset, int len, boolean finish)88         public abstract boolean process(byte[] input, int offset, int len, boolean finish);
89 
90         /**
91          * @return the maximum number of bytes a call to process()
92          * could produce for the given number of input bytes.  This may
93          * be an overestimate.
94          */
maxOutputSize(int len)95         public abstract int maxOutputSize(int len);
96     }
97 
98     //  --------------------------------------------------------
99     //  decoding
100     //  --------------------------------------------------------
101 
102     /**
103      * Decode the Base64-encoded data in input and return the data in
104      * a new byte array.
105      *
106      * <p>The padding '=' characters at the end are considered optional, but
107      * if any are present, there must be the correct number of them.
108      *
109      * @param str    the input String to decode, which is converted to
110      *               bytes using the default charset
111      * @param flags  controls certain features of the decoded output.
112      *               Pass {@code DEFAULT} to decode standard Base64.
113      *
114      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the input contains
115      * incorrect padding
116      */
decode(String str, int flags)117     public static byte[] decode(String str, int flags) {
118         return decode(str.getBytes(), flags);
119     }
120 
121     /**
122      * Decode the Base64-encoded data in input and return the data in
123      * a new byte array.
124      *
125      * <p>The padding '=' characters at the end are considered optional, but
126      * if any are present, there must be the correct number of them.
127      *
128      * @param input the input array to decode
129      * @param flags  controls certain features of the decoded output.
130      *               Pass {@code DEFAULT} to decode standard Base64.
131      *
132      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the input contains
133      * incorrect padding
134      */
decode(byte[] input, int flags)135     public static byte[] decode(byte[] input, int flags) {
136         return decode(input, 0, input.length, flags);
137     }
138 
139     /**
140      * Decode the Base64-encoded data in input and return the data in
141      * a new byte array.
142      *
143      * <p>The padding '=' characters at the end are considered optional, but
144      * if any are present, there must be the correct number of them.
145      *
146      * @param input  the data to decode
147      * @param offset the position within the input array at which to start
148      * @param len    the number of bytes of input to decode
149      * @param flags  controls certain features of the decoded output.
150      *               Pass {@code DEFAULT} to decode standard Base64.
151      *
152      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the input contains
153      * incorrect padding
154      */
decode(byte[] input, int offset, int len, int flags)155     public static byte[] decode(byte[] input, int offset, int len, int flags) {
156         // Allocate space for the most data the input could represent.
157         // (It could contain less if it contains whitespace, etc.)
158         Decoder decoder = new Decoder(flags, new byte[len*3/4]);
159 
160         if (!decoder.process(input, offset, len, true)) {
161             throw new IllegalArgumentException("bad base-64");
162         }
163 
164         // Maybe we got lucky and allocated exactly enough output space.
165         if (decoder.op == decoder.output.length) {
166             return decoder.output;
167         }
168 
169         // Need to shorten the array, so allocate a new one of the
170         // right size and copy.
171         byte[] temp = new byte[decoder.op];
172         System.arraycopy(decoder.output, 0, temp, 0, decoder.op);
173         return temp;
174     }
175 
176     /* package */ static class Decoder extends Coder {
177         /**
178          * Lookup table for turning bytes into their position in the
179          * Base64 alphabet.
180          */
181         private static final int DECODE[] = {
182             -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
183             -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
184             -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 62, -1, -1, -1, 63,
185             52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, -1, -1, -1, -2, -1, -1,
186             -1,  0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14,
187             15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
188             -1, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40,
189             41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
190             -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
191             -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
192             -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
193             -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
194             -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
195             -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
196             -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
197             -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
198         };
199 
200         /**
201          * Decode lookup table for the "web safe" variant (RFC 3548
202          * sec. 4) where - and _ replace + and /.
203          */
204         private static final int DECODE_WEBSAFE[] = {
205             -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
206             -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
207             -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 62, -1, -1,
208             52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, -1, -1, -1, -2, -1, -1,
209             -1,  0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14,
210             15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, -1, -1, -1, -1, 63,
211             -1, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40,
212             41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
213             -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
214             -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
215             -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
216             -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
217             -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
218             -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
219             -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
220             -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
221         };
222 
223         /** Non-data values in the DECODE arrays. */
224         private static final int SKIP = -1;
225         private static final int EQUALS = -2;
226 
227         /**
228          * States 0-3 are reading through the next input tuple.
229          * State 4 is having read one '=' and expecting exactly
230          * one more.
231          * State 5 is expecting no more data or padding characters
232          * in the input.
233          * State 6 is the error state; an error has been detected
234          * in the input and no future input can "fix" it.
235          */
236         private int state;   // state number (0 to 6)
237         private int value;
238 
239         final private int[] alphabet;
240 
Decoder(int flags, byte[] output)241         public Decoder(int flags, byte[] output) {
242             this.output = output;
243 
244             alphabet = ((flags & URL_SAFE) == 0) ? DECODE : DECODE_WEBSAFE;
245             state = 0;
246             value = 0;
247         }
248 
249         /**
250          * @return an overestimate for the number of bytes {@code
251          * len} bytes could decode to.
252          */
maxOutputSize(int len)253         public int maxOutputSize(int len) {
254             return len * 3/4 + 10;
255         }
256 
257         /**
258          * Decode another block of input data.
259          *
260          * @return true if the state machine is still healthy.  false if
261          *         bad base-64 data has been detected in the input stream.
262          */
process(byte[] input, int offset, int len, boolean finish)263         public boolean process(byte[] input, int offset, int len, boolean finish) {
264             if (this.state == 6) return false;
265 
266             int p = offset;
267             len += offset;
268 
269             // Using local variables makes the decoder about 12%
270             // faster than if we manipulate the member variables in
271             // the loop.  (Even alphabet makes a measurable
272             // difference, which is somewhat surprising to me since
273             // the member variable is final.)
274             int state = this.state;
275             int value = this.value;
276             int op = 0;
277             final byte[] output = this.output;
278             final int[] alphabet = this.alphabet;
279 
280             while (p < len) {
281                 // Try the fast path:  we're starting a new tuple and the
282                 // next four bytes of the input stream are all data
283                 // bytes.  This corresponds to going through states
284                 // 0-1-2-3-0.  We expect to use this method for most of
285                 // the data.
286                 //
287                 // If any of the next four bytes of input are non-data
288                 // (whitespace, etc.), value will end up negative.  (All
289                 // the non-data values in decode are small negative
290                 // numbers, so shifting any of them up and or'ing them
291                 // together will result in a value with its top bit set.)
292                 //
293                 // You can remove this whole block and the output should
294                 // be the same, just slower.
295                 if (state == 0) {
296                     while (p+4 <= len &&
297                            (value = ((alphabet[input[p] & 0xff] << 18) |
298                                      (alphabet[input[p+1] & 0xff] << 12) |
299                                      (alphabet[input[p+2] & 0xff] << 6) |
300                                      (alphabet[input[p+3] & 0xff]))) >= 0) {
301                         output[op+2] = (byte) value;
302                         output[op+1] = (byte) (value >> 8);
303                         output[op] = (byte) (value >> 16);
304                         op += 3;
305                         p += 4;
306                     }
307                     if (p >= len) break;
308                 }
309 
310                 // The fast path isn't available -- either we've read a
311                 // partial tuple, or the next four input bytes aren't all
312                 // data, or whatever.  Fall back to the slower state
313                 // machine implementation.
314 
315                 int d = alphabet[input[p++] & 0xff];
316 
317                 switch (state) {
318                 case 0:
319                     if (d >= 0) {
320                         value = d;
321                         ++state;
322                     } else if (d != SKIP) {
323                         this.state = 6;
324                         return false;
325                     }
326                     break;
327 
328                 case 1:
329                     if (d >= 0) {
330                         value = (value << 6) | d;
331                         ++state;
332                     } else if (d != SKIP) {
333                         this.state = 6;
334                         return false;
335                     }
336                     break;
337 
338                 case 2:
339                     if (d >= 0) {
340                         value = (value << 6) | d;
341                         ++state;
342                     } else if (d == EQUALS) {
343                         // Emit the last (partial) output tuple;
344                         // expect exactly one more padding character.
345                         output[op++] = (byte) (value >> 4);
346                         state = 4;
347                     } else if (d != SKIP) {
348                         this.state = 6;
349                         return false;
350                     }
351                     break;
352 
353                 case 3:
354                     if (d >= 0) {
355                         // Emit the output triple and return to state 0.
356                         value = (value << 6) | d;
357                         output[op+2] = (byte) value;
358                         output[op+1] = (byte) (value >> 8);
359                         output[op] = (byte) (value >> 16);
360                         op += 3;
361                         state = 0;
362                     } else if (d == EQUALS) {
363                         // Emit the last (partial) output tuple;
364                         // expect no further data or padding characters.
365                         output[op+1] = (byte) (value >> 2);
366                         output[op] = (byte) (value >> 10);
367                         op += 2;
368                         state = 5;
369                     } else if (d != SKIP) {
370                         this.state = 6;
371                         return false;
372                     }
373                     break;
374 
375                 case 4:
376                     if (d == EQUALS) {
377                         ++state;
378                     } else if (d != SKIP) {
379                         this.state = 6;
380                         return false;
381                     }
382                     break;
383 
384                 case 5:
385                     if (d != SKIP) {
386                         this.state = 6;
387                         return false;
388                     }
389                     break;
390                 }
391             }
392 
393             if (!finish) {
394                 // We're out of input, but a future call could provide
395                 // more.
396                 this.state = state;
397                 this.value = value;
398                 this.op = op;
399                 return true;
400             }
401 
402             // Done reading input.  Now figure out where we are left in
403             // the state machine and finish up.
404 
405             switch (state) {
406             case 0:
407                 // Output length is a multiple of three.  Fine.
408                 break;
409             case 1:
410                 // Read one extra input byte, which isn't enough to
411                 // make another output byte.  Illegal.
412                 this.state = 6;
413                 return false;
414             case 2:
415                 // Read two extra input bytes, enough to emit 1 more
416                 // output byte.  Fine.
417                 output[op++] = (byte) (value >> 4);
418                 break;
419             case 3:
420                 // Read three extra input bytes, enough to emit 2 more
421                 // output bytes.  Fine.
422                 output[op++] = (byte) (value >> 10);
423                 output[op++] = (byte) (value >> 2);
424                 break;
425             case 4:
426                 // Read one padding '=' when we expected 2.  Illegal.
427                 this.state = 6;
428                 return false;
429             case 5:
430                 // Read all the padding '='s we expected and no more.
431                 // Fine.
432                 break;
433             }
434 
435             this.state = state;
436             this.op = op;
437             return true;
438         }
439     }
440 
441     //  --------------------------------------------------------
442     //  encoding
443     //  --------------------------------------------------------
444 
445     /**
446      * Base64-encode the given data and return a newly allocated
447      * String with the result.
448      *
449      * @param input  the data to encode
450      * @param flags  controls certain features of the encoded output.
451      *               Passing {@code DEFAULT} results in output that
452      *               adheres to RFC 2045.
453      */
encodeToString(byte[] input, int flags)454     public static String encodeToString(byte[] input, int flags) {
455         try {
456             return new String(encode(input, flags), "US-ASCII");
457         } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
458             // US-ASCII is guaranteed to be available.
459             throw new AssertionError(e);
460         }
461     }
462 
463     /**
464      * Base64-encode the given data and return a newly allocated
465      * String with the result.
466      *
467      * @param input  the data to encode
468      * @param offset the position within the input array at which to
469      *               start
470      * @param len    the number of bytes of input to encode
471      * @param flags  controls certain features of the encoded output.
472      *               Passing {@code DEFAULT} results in output that
473      *               adheres to RFC 2045.
474      */
encodeToString(byte[] input, int offset, int len, int flags)475     public static String encodeToString(byte[] input, int offset, int len, int flags) {
476         try {
477             return new String(encode(input, offset, len, flags), "US-ASCII");
478         } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
479             // US-ASCII is guaranteed to be available.
480             throw new AssertionError(e);
481         }
482     }
483 
484     /**
485      * Base64-encode the given data and return a newly allocated
486      * byte[] with the result.
487      *
488      * @param input  the data to encode
489      * @param flags  controls certain features of the encoded output.
490      *               Passing {@code DEFAULT} results in output that
491      *               adheres to RFC 2045.
492      */
encode(byte[] input, int flags)493     public static byte[] encode(byte[] input, int flags) {
494         return encode(input, 0, input.length, flags);
495     }
496 
497     /**
498      * Base64-encode the given data and return a newly allocated
499      * byte[] with the result.
500      *
501      * @param input  the data to encode
502      * @param offset the position within the input array at which to
503      *               start
504      * @param len    the number of bytes of input to encode
505      * @param flags  controls certain features of the encoded output.
506      *               Passing {@code DEFAULT} results in output that
507      *               adheres to RFC 2045.
508      */
encode(byte[] input, int offset, int len, int flags)509     public static byte[] encode(byte[] input, int offset, int len, int flags) {
510         Encoder encoder = new Encoder(flags, null);
511 
512         // Compute the exact length of the array we will produce.
513         int output_len = len / 3 * 4;
514 
515         // Account for the tail of the data and the padding bytes, if any.
516         if (encoder.do_padding) {
517             if (len % 3 > 0) {
518                 output_len += 4;
519             }
520         } else {
521             switch (len % 3) {
522                 case 0: break;
523                 case 1: output_len += 2; break;
524                 case 2: output_len += 3; break;
525             }
526         }
527 
528         // Account for the newlines, if any.
529         if (encoder.do_newline && len > 0) {
530             output_len += (((len-1) / (3 * Encoder.LINE_GROUPS)) + 1) *
531                 (encoder.do_cr ? 2 : 1);
532         }
533 
534         encoder.output = new byte[output_len];
535         encoder.process(input, offset, len, true);
536 
537         assert encoder.op == output_len;
538 
539         return encoder.output;
540     }
541 
542     /* package */ static class Encoder extends Coder {
543         /**
544          * Emit a new line every this many output tuples.  Corresponds to
545          * a 76-character line length (the maximum allowable according to
546          * <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2045.txt">RFC 2045</a>).
547          */
548         public static final int LINE_GROUPS = 19;
549 
550         /**
551          * Lookup table for turning Base64 alphabet positions (6 bits)
552          * into output bytes.
553          */
554         private static final byte ENCODE[] = {
555             'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P',
556             'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f',
557             'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v',
558             'w', 'x', 'y', 'z', '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '+', '/',
559         };
560 
561         /**
562          * Lookup table for turning Base64 alphabet positions (6 bits)
563          * into output bytes.
564          */
565         private static final byte ENCODE_WEBSAFE[] = {
566             'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P',
567             'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f',
568             'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v',
569             'w', 'x', 'y', 'z', '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '-', '_',
570         };
571 
572         final private byte[] tail;
573         /* package */ int tailLen;
574         private int count;
575 
576         final public boolean do_padding;
577         final public boolean do_newline;
578         final public boolean do_cr;
579         final private byte[] alphabet;
580 
Encoder(int flags, byte[] output)581         public Encoder(int flags, byte[] output) {
582             this.output = output;
583 
584             do_padding = (flags & NO_PADDING) == 0;
585             do_newline = (flags & NO_WRAP) == 0;
586             do_cr = (flags & CRLF) != 0;
587             alphabet = ((flags & URL_SAFE) == 0) ? ENCODE : ENCODE_WEBSAFE;
588 
589             tail = new byte[2];
590             tailLen = 0;
591 
592             count = do_newline ? LINE_GROUPS : -1;
593         }
594 
595         /**
596          * @return an overestimate for the number of bytes {@code
597          * len} bytes could encode to.
598          */
maxOutputSize(int len)599         public int maxOutputSize(int len) {
600             return len * 8/5 + 10;
601         }
602 
process(byte[] input, int offset, int len, boolean finish)603         public boolean process(byte[] input, int offset, int len, boolean finish) {
604             // Using local variables makes the encoder about 9% faster.
605             final byte[] alphabet = this.alphabet;
606             final byte[] output = this.output;
607             int op = 0;
608             int count = this.count;
609 
610             int p = offset;
611             len += offset;
612             int v = -1;
613 
614             // First we need to concatenate the tail of the previous call
615             // with any input bytes available now and see if we can empty
616             // the tail.
617 
618             switch (tailLen) {
619                 case 0:
620                     // There was no tail.
621                     break;
622 
623                 case 1:
624                     if (p+2 <= len) {
625                         // A 1-byte tail with at least 2 bytes of
626                         // input available now.
627                         v = ((tail[0] & 0xff) << 16) |
628                             ((input[p++] & 0xff) << 8) |
629                             (input[p++] & 0xff);
630                         tailLen = 0;
631                     };
632                     break;
633 
634                 case 2:
635                     if (p+1 <= len) {
636                         // A 2-byte tail with at least 1 byte of input.
637                         v = ((tail[0] & 0xff) << 16) |
638                             ((tail[1] & 0xff) << 8) |
639                             (input[p++] & 0xff);
640                         tailLen = 0;
641                     }
642                     break;
643             }
644 
645             if (v != -1) {
646                 output[op++] = alphabet[(v >> 18) & 0x3f];
647                 output[op++] = alphabet[(v >> 12) & 0x3f];
648                 output[op++] = alphabet[(v >> 6) & 0x3f];
649                 output[op++] = alphabet[v & 0x3f];
650                 if (--count == 0) {
651                     if (do_cr) output[op++] = '\r';
652                     output[op++] = '\n';
653                     count = LINE_GROUPS;
654                 }
655             }
656 
657             // At this point either there is no tail, or there are fewer
658             // than 3 bytes of input available.
659 
660             // The main loop, turning 3 input bytes into 4 output bytes on
661             // each iteration.
662             while (p+3 <= len) {
663                 v = ((input[p] & 0xff) << 16) |
664                     ((input[p+1] & 0xff) << 8) |
665                     (input[p+2] & 0xff);
666                 output[op] = alphabet[(v >> 18) & 0x3f];
667                 output[op+1] = alphabet[(v >> 12) & 0x3f];
668                 output[op+2] = alphabet[(v >> 6) & 0x3f];
669                 output[op+3] = alphabet[v & 0x3f];
670                 p += 3;
671                 op += 4;
672                 if (--count == 0) {
673                     if (do_cr) output[op++] = '\r';
674                     output[op++] = '\n';
675                     count = LINE_GROUPS;
676                 }
677             }
678 
679             if (finish) {
680                 // Finish up the tail of the input.  Note that we need to
681                 // consume any bytes in tail before any bytes
682                 // remaining in input; there should be at most two bytes
683                 // total.
684 
685                 if (p-tailLen == len-1) {
686                     int t = 0;
687                     v = ((tailLen > 0 ? tail[t++] : input[p++]) & 0xff) << 4;
688                     tailLen -= t;
689                     output[op++] = alphabet[(v >> 6) & 0x3f];
690                     output[op++] = alphabet[v & 0x3f];
691                     if (do_padding) {
692                         output[op++] = '=';
693                         output[op++] = '=';
694                     }
695                     if (do_newline) {
696                         if (do_cr) output[op++] = '\r';
697                         output[op++] = '\n';
698                     }
699                 } else if (p-tailLen == len-2) {
700                     int t = 0;
701                     v = (((tailLen > 1 ? tail[t++] : input[p++]) & 0xff) << 10) |
702                         (((tailLen > 0 ? tail[t++] : input[p++]) & 0xff) << 2);
703                     tailLen -= t;
704                     output[op++] = alphabet[(v >> 12) & 0x3f];
705                     output[op++] = alphabet[(v >> 6) & 0x3f];
706                     output[op++] = alphabet[v & 0x3f];
707                     if (do_padding) {
708                         output[op++] = '=';
709                     }
710                     if (do_newline) {
711                         if (do_cr) output[op++] = '\r';
712                         output[op++] = '\n';
713                     }
714                 } else if (do_newline && op > 0 && count != LINE_GROUPS) {
715                     if (do_cr) output[op++] = '\r';
716                     output[op++] = '\n';
717                 }
718 
719                 assert tailLen == 0;
720                 assert p == len;
721             } else {
722                 // Save the leftovers in tail to be consumed on the next
723                 // call to encodeInternal.
724 
725                 if (p == len-1) {
726                     tail[tailLen++] = input[p];
727                 } else if (p == len-2) {
728                     tail[tailLen++] = input[p];
729                     tail[tailLen++] = input[p+1];
730                 }
731             }
732 
733             this.op = op;
734             this.count = count;
735 
736             return true;
737         }
738     }
739 
Base64()740     private Base64() { }   // don't instantiate
741 }
742