1------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2--                                                                          --
3--                         GNAT COMPILER COMPONENTS                         --
4--                                                                          --
5--                             S E M _ W A R N                              --
6--                                                                          --
7--                                 B o d y                                  --
8--                                                                          --
9--          Copyright (C) 1999-2020, Free Software Foundation, Inc.         --
10--                                                                          --
11-- GNAT is free software;  you can  redistribute it  and/or modify it under --
12-- terms of the  GNU General Public License as published  by the Free Soft- --
13-- ware  Foundation;  either version 3,  or (at your option) any later ver- --
14-- sion.  GNAT is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITH- --
15-- OUT ANY WARRANTY;  without even the  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY --
16-- or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License --
17-- for  more details.  You should have  received  a copy of the GNU General --
18-- Public License  distributed with GNAT; see file COPYING3.  If not, go to --
19-- http://www.gnu.org/licenses for a complete copy of the license.          --
20--                                                                          --
21-- GNAT was originally developed  by the GNAT team at  New York University. --
22-- Extensive contributions were provided by Ada Core Technologies Inc.      --
23--                                                                          --
24------------------------------------------------------------------------------
25
26with Atree;    use Atree;
27with Debug;    use Debug;
28with Einfo;    use Einfo;
29with Errout;   use Errout;
30with Exp_Code; use Exp_Code;
31with Lib;      use Lib;
32with Lib.Xref; use Lib.Xref;
33with Namet;    use Namet;
34with Nlists;   use Nlists;
35with Opt;      use Opt;
36with Par_SCO;  use Par_SCO;
37with Rtsfind;  use Rtsfind;
38with Sem;      use Sem;
39with Sem_Ch8;  use Sem_Ch8;
40with Sem_Aux;  use Sem_Aux;
41with Sem_Eval; use Sem_Eval;
42with Sem_Prag; use Sem_Prag;
43with Sem_Util; use Sem_Util;
44with Sinfo;    use Sinfo;
45with Sinput;   use Sinput;
46with Snames;   use Snames;
47with Stand;    use Stand;
48with Stringt;  use Stringt;
49with Tbuild;   use Tbuild;
50with Uintp;    use Uintp;
51
52package body Sem_Warn is
53
54   --  The following table collects Id's of entities that are potentially
55   --  unreferenced. See Check_Unset_Reference for further details.
56   --  ??? Check_Unset_Reference has zero information about this table.
57
58   package Unreferenced_Entities is new Table.Table (
59     Table_Component_Type => Entity_Id,
60     Table_Index_Type     => Nat,
61     Table_Low_Bound      => 1,
62     Table_Initial        => Alloc.Unreferenced_Entities_Initial,
63     Table_Increment      => Alloc.Unreferenced_Entities_Increment,
64     Table_Name           => "Unreferenced_Entities");
65
66   --  The following table collects potential warnings for IN OUT parameters
67   --  that are referenced but not modified. These warnings are processed when
68   --  the front end calls the procedure Output_Non_Modified_In_Out_Warnings.
69   --  The reason that we defer output of these messages is that we want to
70   --  detect the case where the relevant procedure is used as a generic actual
71   --  in an instantiation, since we suppress the warnings in this case. The
72   --  flag Used_As_Generic_Actual will be set in this case, but only at the
73   --  point of usage. Similarly, we suppress the message if the address of the
74   --  procedure is taken, where the flag Address_Taken may be set later.
75
76   package In_Out_Warnings is new Table.Table (
77     Table_Component_Type => Entity_Id,
78     Table_Index_Type     => Nat,
79     Table_Low_Bound      => 1,
80     Table_Initial        => Alloc.In_Out_Warnings_Initial,
81     Table_Increment      => Alloc.In_Out_Warnings_Increment,
82     Table_Name           => "In_Out_Warnings");
83
84   --------------------------------------------------------
85   -- Handling of Warnings Off, Unmodified, Unreferenced --
86   --------------------------------------------------------
87
88   --  The functions Has_Warnings_Off, Has_Unmodified, Has_Unreferenced must
89   --  generally be used instead of Warnings_Off, Has_Pragma_Unmodified and
90   --  Has_Pragma_Unreferenced, as noted in the specs in Einfo.
91
92   --  In order to avoid losing warnings in -gnatw.w (warn on unnecessary
93   --  warnings off pragma) mode, i.e. to avoid false negatives, the code
94   --  must follow some important rules.
95
96   --  Call these functions as late as possible, after completing all other
97   --  tests, just before the warnings is given. For example, don't write:
98
99   --     if not Has_Warnings_Off (E)
100   --       and then some-other-predicate-on-E then ..
101
102   --  Instead the following is preferred
103
104   --     if some-other-predicate-on-E
105   --       and then Has_Warnings_Off (E)
106
107   --  This way if some-other-predicate is false, we avoid a false indication
108   --  that a Warnings (Off, E) pragma was useful in preventing a warning.
109
110   --  The second rule is that if both Has_Unmodified and Has_Warnings_Off, or
111   --  Has_Unreferenced and Has_Warnings_Off are called, make sure that the
112   --  call to Has_Unmodified/Has_Unreferenced comes first, this way we record
113   --  that the Warnings (Off) could have been Unreferenced or Unmodified. In
114   --  fact Has_Unmodified/Has_Unreferenced includes a test for Warnings Off,
115   --  and so a subsequent test is not needed anyway (though it is harmless).
116
117   -----------------------
118   -- Local Subprograms --
119   -----------------------
120
121   function Generic_Package_Spec_Entity (E : Entity_Id) return Boolean;
122   --  This returns true if the entity E is declared within a generic package.
123   --  The point of this is to detect variables which are not assigned within
124   --  the generic, but might be assigned outside the package for any given
125   --  instance. These are cases where we leave the warnings to be posted for
126   --  the instance, when we will know more.
127
128   function Goto_Spec_Entity (E : Entity_Id) return Entity_Id;
129   --  If E is a parameter entity for a subprogram body, then this function
130   --  returns the corresponding spec entity, if not, E is returned unchanged.
131
132   function Has_Pragma_Unmodified_Check_Spec (E : Entity_Id) return Boolean;
133   --  Tests Has_Pragma_Unmodified flag for entity E. If E is not a formal,
134   --  this is simply the setting of the flag Has_Pragma_Unmodified. If E is
135   --  a body formal, the setting of the flag in the corresponding spec is
136   --  also checked (and True returned if either flag is True).
137
138   function Has_Pragma_Unreferenced_Check_Spec (E : Entity_Id) return Boolean;
139   --  Tests Has_Pragma_Unreferenced flag for entity E. If E is not a formal,
140   --  this is simply the setting of the flag Has_Pragma_Unreferenced. If E is
141   --  a body formal, the setting of the flag in the corresponding spec is
142   --  also checked (and True returned if either flag is True).
143
144   function Is_Attribute_And_Known_Value_Comparison
145     (Op : Node_Id) return Boolean;
146   --  Determine whether operator Op denotes a comparison where the left
147   --  operand is an attribute reference and the value of the right operand is
148   --  known at compile time.
149
150   function Never_Set_In_Source_Check_Spec (E : Entity_Id) return Boolean;
151   --  Tests Never_Set_In_Source status for entity E. If E is not a formal,
152   --  this is simply the setting of the flag Never_Set_In_Source. If E is
153   --  a body formal, the setting of the flag in the corresponding spec is
154   --  also checked (and False returned if either flag is False).
155
156   function Operand_Has_Warnings_Suppressed (N : Node_Id) return Boolean;
157   --  This function traverses the expression tree represented by the node N
158   --  and determines if any sub-operand is a reference to an entity for which
159   --  the Warnings_Off flag is set. True is returned if such an entity is
160   --  encountered, and False otherwise.
161
162   function Referenced_Check_Spec (E : Entity_Id) return Boolean;
163   --  Tests Referenced status for entity E. If E is not a formal, this is
164   --  simply the setting of the flag Referenced. If E is a body formal, the
165   --  setting of the flag in the corresponding spec is also checked (and True
166   --  returned if either flag is True).
167
168   function Referenced_As_LHS_Check_Spec (E : Entity_Id) return Boolean;
169   --  Tests Referenced_As_LHS status for entity E. If E is not a formal, this
170   --  is simply the setting of the flag Referenced_As_LHS. If E is a body
171   --  formal, the setting of the flag in the corresponding spec is also
172   --  checked (and True returned if either flag is True).
173
174   function Referenced_As_Out_Parameter_Check_Spec
175     (E : Entity_Id) return Boolean;
176   --  Tests Referenced_As_Out_Parameter status for entity E. If E is not a
177   --  formal, this is simply the setting of Referenced_As_Out_Parameter. If E
178   --  is a body formal, the setting of the flag in the corresponding spec is
179   --  also checked (and True returned if either flag is True).
180
181   procedure Warn_On_Unreferenced_Entity
182     (Spec_E : Entity_Id;
183      Body_E : Entity_Id := Empty);
184   --  Output warnings for unreferenced entity E. For the case of an entry
185   --  formal, Body_E is the corresponding body entity for a particular
186   --  accept statement, and the message is posted on Body_E. In all other
187   --  cases, Body_E is ignored and must be Empty.
188
189   function Warnings_Off_Check_Spec (E : Entity_Id) return Boolean;
190   --  Returns True if Warnings_Off is set for the entity E or (in the case
191   --  where there is a Spec_Entity), Warnings_Off is set for the Spec_Entity.
192
193   --------------------------
194   -- Check_Code_Statement --
195   --------------------------
196
197   procedure Check_Code_Statement (N : Node_Id) is
198   begin
199      --  If volatile, nothing to worry about
200
201      if Is_Asm_Volatile (N) then
202         return;
203      end if;
204
205      --  Warn if no input or no output
206
207      Setup_Asm_Inputs (N);
208
209      if No (Asm_Input_Value) then
210         Error_Msg_F
211           ("??code statement with no inputs should usually be Volatile!", N);
212         return;
213      end if;
214
215      Setup_Asm_Outputs (N);
216
217      if No (Asm_Output_Variable) then
218         Error_Msg_F
219           ("??code statement with no outputs should usually be Volatile!", N);
220         return;
221      end if;
222   end Check_Code_Statement;
223
224   ---------------------------------
225   -- Check_Infinite_Loop_Warning --
226   ---------------------------------
227
228   --  The case we look for is a while loop which tests a local variable, where
229   --  there is no obvious direct or possible indirect update of the variable
230   --  within the body of the loop.
231
232   procedure Check_Infinite_Loop_Warning (Loop_Statement : Node_Id) is
233      Expression : Node_Id := Empty;
234      --  Set to WHILE or EXIT WHEN condition to be tested
235
236      Ref : Node_Id := Empty;
237      --  Reference in Expression to variable that might not be modified
238      --  in loop, indicating a possible infinite loop.
239
240      Var : Entity_Id := Empty;
241      --  Corresponding entity (entity of Ref)
242
243      Function_Call_Found : Boolean := False;
244      --  True if Find_Var found a function call in the condition
245
246      procedure Find_Var (N : Node_Id);
247      --  Inspect condition to see if it depends on a single entity reference.
248      --  If so, Ref is set to point to the reference node, and Var is set to
249      --  the referenced Entity.
250
251      function Has_Condition_Actions (Iter : Node_Id) return Boolean;
252      --  Determine whether iteration scheme Iter has meaningful condition
253      --  actions.
254
255      function Has_Indirection (T : Entity_Id) return Boolean;
256      --  If the controlling variable is an access type, or is a record type
257      --  with access components, assume that it is changed indirectly and
258      --  suppress the warning. As a concession to low-level programming, in
259      --  particular within Declib, we also suppress warnings on a record
260      --  type that contains components of type Address or Short_Address.
261
262      function Is_Suspicious_Function_Name (E : Entity_Id) return Boolean;
263      --  Given an entity name, see if the name appears to have something to
264      --  do with I/O or network stuff, and if so, return True. Used to kill
265      --  some false positives on a heuristic basis that such functions will
266      --  likely have some strange side effect dependencies. A rather strange
267      --  test, but warning messages are in the heuristics business.
268
269      function Test_Ref (N : Node_Id) return Traverse_Result;
270      --  Test for reference to variable in question. Returns Abandon if
271      --  matching reference found. Used in instantiation of No_Ref_Found.
272
273      function No_Ref_Found is new Traverse_Func (Test_Ref);
274      --  Function to traverse body of procedure. Returns Abandon if matching
275      --  reference found.
276
277      --------------
278      -- Find_Var --
279      --------------
280
281      procedure Find_Var (N : Node_Id) is
282      begin
283         --  Condition is a direct variable reference
284
285         if Is_Entity_Name (N) then
286            Ref := N;
287            Var := Entity (Ref);
288
289         --  Case of condition is a comparison with compile time known value
290
291         elsif Nkind (N) in N_Op_Compare then
292            if Compile_Time_Known_Value (Right_Opnd (N)) then
293               Find_Var (Left_Opnd (N));
294
295            elsif Compile_Time_Known_Value (Left_Opnd (N)) then
296               Find_Var (Right_Opnd (N));
297
298            --  Ignore any other comparison
299
300            else
301               return;
302            end if;
303
304         --  If condition is a negation, check its operand
305
306         elsif Nkind (N) = N_Op_Not then
307            Find_Var (Right_Opnd (N));
308
309         --  Case of condition is function call
310
311         elsif Nkind (N) = N_Function_Call then
312
313            Function_Call_Found := True;
314
315            --  Forget it if function name is not entity, who knows what
316            --  we might be calling?
317
318            if not Is_Entity_Name (Name (N)) then
319               return;
320
321            --  Forget it if function name is suspicious. A strange test
322            --  but warning generation is in the heuristics business.
323
324            elsif Is_Suspicious_Function_Name (Entity (Name (N))) then
325               return;
326
327            --  Forget it if function is marked Volatile_Function
328
329            elsif Is_Volatile_Function (Entity (Name (N))) then
330               return;
331
332            --  Forget it if warnings are suppressed on function entity
333
334            elsif Has_Warnings_Off (Entity (Name (N))) then
335               return;
336
337            --  Forget it if the parameter is not In
338
339            elsif Has_Out_Or_In_Out_Parameter (Entity (Name (N))) then
340               return;
341            end if;
342
343            --  OK, see if we have one argument
344
345            declare
346               PA : constant List_Id := Parameter_Associations (N);
347
348            begin
349               --  One argument, so check the argument
350
351               if Present (PA) and then List_Length (PA) = 1 then
352                  if Nkind (First (PA)) = N_Parameter_Association then
353                     Find_Var (Explicit_Actual_Parameter (First (PA)));
354                  else
355                     Find_Var (First (PA));
356                  end if;
357
358               --  Not one argument
359
360               else
361                  return;
362               end if;
363            end;
364
365         --  Any other kind of node is not something we warn for
366
367         else
368            return;
369         end if;
370      end Find_Var;
371
372      ---------------------------
373      -- Has_Condition_Actions --
374      ---------------------------
375
376      function Has_Condition_Actions (Iter : Node_Id) return Boolean is
377         Action : Node_Id;
378
379      begin
380         --  A call marker is not considered a meaningful action because it
381         --  acts as an annotation and has no runtime semantics.
382
383         Action := First (Condition_Actions (Iter));
384         while Present (Action) loop
385            if Nkind (Action) /= N_Call_Marker then
386               return True;
387            end if;
388
389            Next (Action);
390         end loop;
391
392         return False;
393      end Has_Condition_Actions;
394
395      ---------------------
396      -- Has_Indirection --
397      ---------------------
398
399      function Has_Indirection (T : Entity_Id) return Boolean is
400         Comp : Entity_Id;
401         Rec  : Entity_Id;
402
403      begin
404         if Is_Access_Type (T) then
405            return True;
406
407         elsif Is_Private_Type (T)
408           and then Present (Full_View (T))
409           and then Is_Access_Type (Full_View (T))
410         then
411            return True;
412
413         elsif Is_Record_Type (T) then
414            Rec := T;
415
416         elsif Is_Private_Type (T)
417           and then Present (Full_View (T))
418           and then Is_Record_Type (Full_View (T))
419         then
420            Rec := Full_View (T);
421         else
422            return False;
423         end if;
424
425         Comp := First_Component (Rec);
426         while Present (Comp) loop
427            if Is_Access_Type (Etype (Comp))
428              or else Is_Descendant_Of_Address (Etype (Comp))
429            then
430               return True;
431            end if;
432
433            Next_Component (Comp);
434         end loop;
435
436         return False;
437      end Has_Indirection;
438
439      ---------------------------------
440      -- Is_Suspicious_Function_Name --
441      ---------------------------------
442
443      function Is_Suspicious_Function_Name (E : Entity_Id) return Boolean is
444         S : Entity_Id;
445
446         function Substring_Present (S : String) return Boolean;
447         --  Returns True if name buffer has given string delimited by non-
448         --  alphabetic characters or by end of string. S is lower case.
449
450         -----------------------
451         -- Substring_Present --
452         -----------------------
453
454         function Substring_Present (S : String) return Boolean is
455            Len : constant Natural := S'Length;
456
457         begin
458            for J in 1 .. Name_Len - (Len - 1) loop
459               if Name_Buffer (J .. J + (Len - 1)) = S
460                 and then (J = 1 or else Name_Buffer (J - 1) not in 'a' .. 'z')
461                 and then
462                   (J + Len > Name_Len
463                     or else Name_Buffer (J + Len) not in 'a' .. 'z')
464               then
465                  return True;
466               end if;
467            end loop;
468
469            return False;
470         end Substring_Present;
471
472      --  Start of processing for Is_Suspicious_Function_Name
473
474      begin
475         S := E;
476         while Present (S) and then S /= Standard_Standard loop
477            Get_Name_String (Chars (S));
478
479            if Substring_Present ("io")
480              or else Substring_Present ("file")
481              or else Substring_Present ("network")
482            then
483               return True;
484            else
485               S := Scope (S);
486            end if;
487         end loop;
488
489         return False;
490      end Is_Suspicious_Function_Name;
491
492      --------------
493      -- Test_Ref --
494      --------------
495
496      function Test_Ref (N : Node_Id) return Traverse_Result is
497      begin
498         --  Waste of time to look at the expression we are testing
499
500         if N = Expression then
501            return Skip;
502
503         --  Direct reference to variable in question
504
505         elsif Is_Entity_Name (N)
506           and then Present (Entity (N))
507           and then Entity (N) = Var
508         then
509            --  If this is an lvalue, then definitely abandon, since
510            --  this could be a direct modification of the variable.
511
512            if May_Be_Lvalue (N) then
513               return Abandon;
514            end if;
515
516            --  If the condition contains a function call, we consider it may
517            --  be modified by side effects from a procedure call. Otherwise,
518            --  we consider the condition may not be modified, although that
519            --  might happen if Variable is itself a by-reference parameter,
520            --  and the procedure called modifies the global object referred to
521            --  by Variable, but we actually prefer to issue a warning in this
522            --  odd case. Note that the case where the procedure called has
523            --  visibility over Variable is treated in another case below.
524
525            if Function_Call_Found then
526               declare
527                  P : Node_Id;
528
529               begin
530                  P := N;
531                  loop
532                     P := Parent (P);
533                     exit when P = Loop_Statement;
534
535                     --  Abandon if at procedure call, or something strange is
536                     --  going on (perhaps a node with no parent that should
537                     --  have one but does not?) As always, for a warning we
538                     --  prefer to just abandon the warning than get into the
539                     --  business of complaining about the tree structure here.
540
541                     if No (P)
542                       or else Nkind (P) = N_Procedure_Call_Statement
543                     then
544                        return Abandon;
545                     end if;
546                  end loop;
547               end;
548            end if;
549
550         --  Reference to variable renaming variable in question
551
552         elsif Is_Entity_Name (N)
553           and then Present (Entity (N))
554           and then Ekind (Entity (N)) = E_Variable
555           and then Present (Renamed_Object (Entity (N)))
556           and then Is_Entity_Name (Renamed_Object (Entity (N)))
557           and then Entity (Renamed_Object (Entity (N))) = Var
558           and then May_Be_Lvalue (N)
559         then
560            return Abandon;
561
562         --  Call to subprogram
563
564         elsif Nkind (N) in N_Subprogram_Call then
565
566            --  If subprogram is within the scope of the entity we are dealing
567            --  with as the loop variable, then it could modify this parameter,
568            --  so we abandon in this case. In the case of a subprogram that is
569            --  not an entity we also abandon. The check for no entity being
570            --  present is a defense against previous errors.
571
572            if not Is_Entity_Name (Name (N))
573              or else No (Entity (Name (N)))
574              or else Scope_Within (Entity (Name (N)), Scope (Var))
575            then
576               return Abandon;
577            end if;
578
579            --  If any of the arguments are of type access to subprogram, then
580            --  we may have funny side effects, so no warning in this case.
581
582            declare
583               Actual : Node_Id;
584            begin
585               Actual := First_Actual (N);
586               while Present (Actual) loop
587                  if Is_Access_Subprogram_Type (Etype (Actual)) then
588                     return Abandon;
589                  else
590                     Next_Actual (Actual);
591                  end if;
592               end loop;
593            end;
594
595         --  Declaration of the variable in question
596
597         elsif Nkind (N) = N_Object_Declaration
598           and then Defining_Identifier (N) = Var
599         then
600            return Abandon;
601         end if;
602
603         --  All OK, continue scan
604
605         return OK;
606      end Test_Ref;
607
608   --  Start of processing for Check_Infinite_Loop_Warning
609
610   begin
611      --  Skip processing if debug flag gnatd.w is set
612
613      if Debug_Flag_Dot_W then
614         return;
615      end if;
616
617      --  Deal with Iteration scheme present
618
619      declare
620         Iter : constant Node_Id := Iteration_Scheme (Loop_Statement);
621
622      begin
623         if Present (Iter) then
624
625            --  While iteration
626
627            if Present (Condition (Iter)) then
628
629               --  Skip processing for while iteration with conditions actions,
630               --  since they make it too complicated to get the warning right.
631
632               if Has_Condition_Actions (Iter) then
633                  return;
634               end if;
635
636               --  Capture WHILE condition
637
638               Expression := Condition (Iter);
639
640            --  For Loop_Parameter_Specification, do not process, since loop
641            --  will always terminate. For Iterator_Specification, also do not
642            --  process. Either it will always terminate (e.g. "for X of
643            --  Some_Array ..."), or we can't tell if it's going to terminate
644            --  without looking at the iterator, so any warning here would be
645            --  noise.
646
647            elsif Present (Loop_Parameter_Specification (Iter))
648              or else Present (Iterator_Specification (Iter))
649            then
650               return;
651            end if;
652         end if;
653      end;
654
655      --  Check chain of EXIT statements, we only process loops that have a
656      --  single exit condition (either a single EXIT WHEN statement, or a
657      --  WHILE loop not containing any EXIT WHEN statements).
658
659      declare
660         Ident     : constant Node_Id := Identifier (Loop_Statement);
661         Exit_Stmt : Node_Id;
662
663      begin
664         --  If we don't have a proper chain set, ignore call entirely. This
665         --  happens because of previous errors.
666
667         if No (Entity (Ident))
668           or else Ekind (Entity (Ident)) /= E_Loop
669         then
670            Check_Error_Detected;
671            return;
672         end if;
673
674         --  Otherwise prepare to scan list of EXIT statements
675
676         Exit_Stmt := First_Exit_Statement (Entity (Ident));
677         while Present (Exit_Stmt) loop
678
679            --  Check for EXIT WHEN
680
681            if Present (Condition (Exit_Stmt)) then
682
683               --  Quit processing if EXIT WHEN in WHILE loop, or more than
684               --  one EXIT WHEN statement present in the loop.
685
686               if Present (Expression) then
687                  return;
688
689               --  Otherwise capture condition from EXIT WHEN statement
690
691               else
692                  Expression := Condition (Exit_Stmt);
693               end if;
694
695            --  If an unconditional exit statement is the last statement in the
696            --  loop, assume that no warning is needed, without any attempt at
697            --  checking whether the exit is reachable.
698
699            elsif Exit_Stmt = Last (Statements (Loop_Statement)) then
700               return;
701            end if;
702
703            Exit_Stmt := Next_Exit_Statement (Exit_Stmt);
704         end loop;
705      end;
706
707      --  Return if no condition to test
708
709      if No (Expression) then
710         return;
711      end if;
712
713      --  Initial conditions met, see if condition is of right form
714
715      Find_Var (Expression);
716
717      --  Nothing to do if local variable from source not found. If it's a
718      --  renaming, it is probably renaming something too complicated to deal
719      --  with here.
720
721      if No (Var)
722        or else Ekind (Var) /= E_Variable
723        or else Is_Library_Level_Entity (Var)
724        or else not Comes_From_Source (Var)
725        or else Nkind (Parent (Var)) = N_Object_Renaming_Declaration
726      then
727         return;
728
729      --  Nothing to do if there is some indirection involved (assume that the
730      --  designated variable might be modified in some way we don't see).
731      --  However, if no function call was found, then we don't care about
732      --  indirections, because the condition must be something like "while X
733      --  /= null loop", so we don't care if X.all is modified in the loop.
734
735      elsif Function_Call_Found and then Has_Indirection (Etype (Var)) then
736         return;
737
738      --  Same sort of thing for volatile variable, might be modified by
739      --  some other task or by the operating system in some way.
740
741      elsif Is_Volatile (Var) then
742         return;
743      end if;
744
745      --  Filter out case of original statement sequence starting with delay.
746      --  We assume this is a multi-tasking program and that the condition
747      --  is affected by other threads (some kind of busy wait).
748
749      declare
750         Fstm : constant Node_Id :=
751                  Original_Node (First (Statements (Loop_Statement)));
752      begin
753         if Nkind (Fstm) in N_Delay_Statement then
754            return;
755         end if;
756      end;
757
758      --  We have a variable reference of the right form, now we scan the loop
759      --  body to see if it looks like it might not be modified
760
761      if No_Ref_Found (Loop_Statement) = OK then
762         Error_Msg_NE
763           ("??variable& is not modified in loop body!", Ref, Var);
764         Error_Msg_N
765           ("\??possible infinite loop!", Ref);
766      end if;
767   end Check_Infinite_Loop_Warning;
768
769   ----------------------------
770   -- Check_Low_Bound_Tested --
771   ----------------------------
772
773   procedure Check_Low_Bound_Tested (Expr : Node_Id) is
774      procedure Check_Low_Bound_Tested_For (Opnd : Node_Id);
775      --  Determine whether operand Opnd denotes attribute 'First whose prefix
776      --  is a formal parameter. If this is the case, mark the entity of the
777      --  prefix as having its low bound tested.
778
779      --------------------------------
780      -- Check_Low_Bound_Tested_For --
781      --------------------------------
782
783      procedure Check_Low_Bound_Tested_For (Opnd : Node_Id) is
784      begin
785         if Nkind (Opnd) = N_Attribute_Reference
786           and then Attribute_Name (Opnd) = Name_First
787           and then Is_Entity_Name (Prefix (Opnd))
788           and then Present (Entity (Prefix (Opnd)))
789           and then Is_Formal (Entity (Prefix (Opnd)))
790         then
791            Set_Low_Bound_Tested (Entity (Prefix (Opnd)));
792         end if;
793      end Check_Low_Bound_Tested_For;
794
795   --  Start of processing for Check_Low_Bound_Tested
796
797   begin
798      if Comes_From_Source (Expr) then
799         Check_Low_Bound_Tested_For (Left_Opnd  (Expr));
800         Check_Low_Bound_Tested_For (Right_Opnd (Expr));
801      end if;
802   end Check_Low_Bound_Tested;
803
804   ----------------------
805   -- Check_References --
806   ----------------------
807
808   procedure Check_References (E : Entity_Id; Anod : Node_Id := Empty) is
809      E1  : Entity_Id;
810      E1T : Entity_Id;
811      UR  : Node_Id;
812
813      function Body_Formal
814        (E                : Entity_Id;
815         Accept_Statement : Node_Id) return Entity_Id;
816      --  For an entry formal entity from an entry declaration, find the
817      --  corresponding body formal from the given accept statement.
818
819      function Generic_Body_Formal (E : Entity_Id) return Entity_Id;
820      --  Warnings on unused formals of subprograms are placed on the entity
821      --  in the subprogram body, which seems preferable because it suggests
822      --  a better codefix for GNAT Studio. The analysis of generic subprogram
823      --  bodies uses a different circuitry, so the choice for the proper
824      --  placement of the warning in the generic case takes place here, by
825      --  finding the body entity that corresponds to a formal in a spec.
826
827      procedure May_Need_Initialized_Actual (Ent : Entity_Id);
828      --  If an entity of a generic type has default initialization, then the
829      --  corresponding actual type should be fully initialized, or else there
830      --  will be uninitialized components in the instantiation, that might go
831      --  unreported. This routine marks the type of the uninitialized variable
832      --  appropriately to allow the compiler to emit an appropriate warning
833      --  in the instance. In a sense, the use of a type that requires full
834      --  initialization is a weak part of the generic contract.
835
836      function Missing_Subunits return Boolean;
837      --  We suppress warnings when there are missing subunits, because this
838      --  may generate too many false positives: entities in a parent may only
839      --  be referenced in one of the subunits. We make an exception for
840      --  subunits that contain no other stubs.
841
842      procedure Output_Reference_Error (M : String);
843      --  Used to output an error message. Deals with posting the error on the
844      --  body formal in the accept case.
845
846      function Publicly_Referenceable (Ent : Entity_Id) return Boolean;
847      --  This is true if the entity in question is potentially referenceable
848      --  from another unit. This is true for entities in packages that are at
849      --  the library level.
850
851      function Warnings_Off_E1 return Boolean;
852      --  Return True if Warnings_Off is set for E1, or for its Etype (E1T),
853      --  or for the base type of E1T.
854
855      -----------------
856      -- Body_Formal --
857      -----------------
858
859      function Body_Formal
860        (E                : Entity_Id;
861         Accept_Statement : Node_Id) return Entity_Id
862      is
863         Body_Param : Node_Id;
864         Body_E     : Entity_Id;
865
866      begin
867         --  Loop to find matching parameter in accept statement
868
869         Body_Param := First (Parameter_Specifications (Accept_Statement));
870         while Present (Body_Param) loop
871            Body_E := Defining_Identifier (Body_Param);
872
873            if Chars (Body_E) = Chars (E) then
874               return Body_E;
875            end if;
876
877            Next (Body_Param);
878         end loop;
879
880         --  Should never fall through, should always find a match
881
882         raise Program_Error;
883      end Body_Formal;
884
885      -------------------------
886      -- Generic_Body_Formal --
887      -------------------------
888
889      function Generic_Body_Formal (E : Entity_Id) return Entity_Id is
890         Gen_Decl : constant Node_Id   := Unit_Declaration_Node (Scope (E));
891         Gen_Body : constant Entity_Id := Corresponding_Body (Gen_Decl);
892         Form     : Entity_Id;
893
894      begin
895         if No (Gen_Body) then
896            return E;
897
898         else
899            Form := First_Entity (Gen_Body);
900            while Present (Form) loop
901               if Chars (Form) = Chars (E) then
902                  return Form;
903               end if;
904
905               Next_Entity (Form);
906            end loop;
907         end if;
908
909         --  Should never fall through, should always find a match
910
911         raise Program_Error;
912      end Generic_Body_Formal;
913
914      ---------------------------------
915      -- May_Need_Initialized_Actual --
916      ---------------------------------
917
918      procedure May_Need_Initialized_Actual (Ent : Entity_Id) is
919         T   : constant Entity_Id := Etype (Ent);
920         Par : constant Node_Id   := Parent (T);
921
922      begin
923         if not Is_Generic_Type (T) then
924            null;
925
926         elsif (Nkind (Par)) = N_Private_Extension_Declaration then
927
928            --  We only indicate the first such variable in the generic.
929
930            if No (Uninitialized_Variable (Par)) then
931               Set_Uninitialized_Variable (Par, Ent);
932            end if;
933
934         elsif (Nkind (Par)) = N_Formal_Type_Declaration
935           and then Nkind (Formal_Type_Definition (Par)) =
936                                         N_Formal_Private_Type_Definition
937         then
938            if No (Uninitialized_Variable (Formal_Type_Definition (Par))) then
939               Set_Uninitialized_Variable (Formal_Type_Definition (Par), Ent);
940            end if;
941         end if;
942      end May_Need_Initialized_Actual;
943
944      ----------------------
945      -- Missing_Subunits --
946      ----------------------
947
948      function Missing_Subunits return Boolean is
949         D : Node_Id;
950
951      begin
952         if not Unloaded_Subunits then
953
954            --  Normal compilation, all subunits are present
955
956            return False;
957
958         elsif E /= Main_Unit_Entity then
959
960            --  No warnings on a stub that is not the main unit
961
962            return True;
963
964         elsif Nkind (Unit_Declaration_Node (E)) in N_Proper_Body then
965            D := First (Declarations (Unit_Declaration_Node (E)));
966            while Present (D) loop
967
968               --  No warnings if the proper body contains nested stubs
969
970               if Nkind (D) in N_Body_Stub then
971                  return True;
972               end if;
973
974               Next (D);
975            end loop;
976
977            return False;
978
979         else
980            --  Missing stubs elsewhere
981
982            return True;
983         end if;
984      end Missing_Subunits;
985
986      ----------------------------
987      -- Output_Reference_Error --
988      ----------------------------
989
990      procedure Output_Reference_Error (M : String) is
991      begin
992         --  Never issue messages for internal names or renamings
993
994         if Is_Internal_Name (Chars (E1))
995           or else Nkind (Parent (E1)) = N_Object_Renaming_Declaration
996         then
997            return;
998         end if;
999
1000         --  Don't output message for IN OUT formal unless we have the warning
1001         --  flag specifically set. It is a bit odd to distinguish IN OUT
1002         --  formals from other cases. This distinction is historical in
1003         --  nature. Warnings for IN OUT formals were added fairly late.
1004
1005         if Ekind (E1) = E_In_Out_Parameter
1006           and then not Check_Unreferenced_Formals
1007         then
1008            return;
1009         end if;
1010
1011         --  Other than accept case, post error on defining identifier
1012
1013         if No (Anod) then
1014            Error_Msg_N (M, E1);
1015
1016         --  Accept case, find body formal to post the message
1017
1018         else
1019            Error_Msg_NE (M, Body_Formal (E1, Accept_Statement => Anod), E1);
1020
1021         end if;
1022      end Output_Reference_Error;
1023
1024      ----------------------------
1025      -- Publicly_Referenceable --
1026      ----------------------------
1027
1028      function Publicly_Referenceable (Ent : Entity_Id) return Boolean is
1029         P    : Node_Id;
1030         Prev : Node_Id;
1031
1032      begin
1033         --  A formal parameter is never referenceable outside the body of its
1034         --  subprogram or entry.
1035
1036         if Is_Formal (Ent) then
1037            return False;
1038         end if;
1039
1040         --  Examine parents to look for a library level package spec. But if
1041         --  we find a body or block or other similar construct along the way,
1042         --  we cannot be referenced.
1043
1044         Prev := Ent;
1045         P    := Parent (Ent);
1046         loop
1047            case Nkind (P) is
1048
1049               --  If we get to top of tree, then publicly referenceable
1050
1051               when N_Empty =>
1052                  return True;
1053
1054               --  If we reach a generic package declaration, then always
1055               --  consider this referenceable, since any instantiation will
1056               --  have access to the entities in the generic package. Note
1057               --  that the package itself may not be instantiated, but then
1058               --  we will get a warning for the package entity.
1059
1060               --  Note that generic formal parameters are themselves not
1061               --  publicly referenceable in an instance, and warnings on them
1062               --  are useful.
1063
1064               when N_Generic_Package_Declaration =>
1065                  return
1066                    not Is_List_Member (Prev)
1067                      or else List_Containing (Prev) /=
1068                                            Generic_Formal_Declarations (P);
1069
1070               --  Similarly, the generic formals of a generic subprogram are
1071               --  not accessible.
1072
1073               when N_Generic_Subprogram_Declaration =>
1074                  if Is_List_Member (Prev)
1075                    and then List_Containing (Prev) =
1076                               Generic_Formal_Declarations (P)
1077                  then
1078                     return False;
1079                  else
1080                     P := Parent (P);
1081                  end if;
1082
1083               --  If we reach a subprogram body, entity is not referenceable
1084               --  unless it is the defining entity of the body. This will
1085               --  happen, e.g. when a function is an attribute renaming that
1086               --  is rewritten as a body.
1087
1088               when N_Subprogram_Body  =>
1089                  if Ent /= Defining_Entity (P) then
1090                     return False;
1091                  else
1092                     P := Parent (P);
1093                  end if;
1094
1095               --  If we reach any other body, definitely not referenceable
1096
1097               when N_Block_Statement
1098                  | N_Entry_Body
1099                  | N_Package_Body
1100                  | N_Protected_Body
1101                  | N_Subunit
1102                  | N_Task_Body
1103               =>
1104                  return False;
1105
1106               --  For all other cases, keep looking up tree
1107
1108               when others =>
1109                  Prev := P;
1110                  P    := Parent (P);
1111            end case;
1112         end loop;
1113      end Publicly_Referenceable;
1114
1115      ---------------------
1116      -- Warnings_Off_E1 --
1117      ---------------------
1118
1119      function Warnings_Off_E1 return Boolean is
1120      begin
1121         return Has_Warnings_Off (E1T)
1122           or else Has_Warnings_Off (Base_Type (E1T))
1123           or else Warnings_Off_Check_Spec (E1);
1124      end Warnings_Off_E1;
1125
1126   --  Start of processing for Check_References
1127
1128   begin
1129      Process_Deferred_References;
1130
1131      --  No messages if warnings are suppressed, or if we have detected any
1132      --  real errors so far (this last check avoids junk messages resulting
1133      --  from errors, e.g. a subunit that is not loaded).
1134
1135      if Warning_Mode = Suppress or else Serious_Errors_Detected /= 0 then
1136         return;
1137      end if;
1138
1139      --  We also skip the messages if any subunits were not loaded (see
1140      --  comment in Sem_Ch10 to understand how this is set, and why it is
1141      --  necessary to suppress the warnings in this case).
1142
1143      if Missing_Subunits then
1144         return;
1145      end if;
1146
1147      --  Otherwise loop through entities, looking for suspicious stuff
1148
1149      E1 := First_Entity (E);
1150      while Present (E1) loop
1151         E1T := Etype (E1);
1152
1153         --  We are only interested in source entities. We also don't issue
1154         --  warnings within instances, since the proper place for such
1155         --  warnings is on the template when it is compiled, and we don't
1156         --  issue warnings for variables with names like Junk, Discard etc.
1157
1158         if Comes_From_Source (E1)
1159           and then Instantiation_Location (Sloc (E1)) = No_Location
1160         then
1161            --  We are interested in variables and out/in-out parameters, but
1162            --  we exclude protected types, too complicated to worry about.
1163
1164            if Ekind (E1) = E_Variable
1165              or else
1166                (Ekind (E1) in E_Out_Parameter | E_In_Out_Parameter
1167                  and then not Is_Protected_Type (Current_Scope))
1168            then
1169               --  If the formal has a class-wide type, retrieve its type
1170               --  because checks below depend on its private nature.
1171
1172               if Is_Class_Wide_Type (E1T) then
1173                  E1T := Etype (E1T);
1174               end if;
1175
1176               --  Case of an unassigned variable
1177
1178               --  First gather any Unset_Reference indication for E1. In the
1179               --  case of a parameter, it is the Spec_Entity that is relevant.
1180
1181               if Ekind (E1) = E_Out_Parameter
1182                 and then Present (Spec_Entity (E1))
1183               then
1184                  UR := Unset_Reference (Spec_Entity (E1));
1185               else
1186                  UR := Unset_Reference (E1);
1187               end if;
1188
1189               --  Special processing for access types
1190
1191               if Present (UR) and then Is_Access_Type (E1T) then
1192
1193                  --  For access types, the only time we made a UR entry was
1194                  --  for a dereference, and so we post the appropriate warning
1195                  --  here (note that the dereference may not be explicit in
1196                  --  the source, for example in the case of a dispatching call
1197                  --  with an anonymous access controlling formal, or of an
1198                  --  assignment of a pointer involving discriminant check on
1199                  --  the designated object).
1200
1201                  if not Warnings_Off_E1 then
1202                     Error_Msg_NE ("??& may be null!", UR, E1);
1203                  end if;
1204
1205                  goto Continue;
1206
1207               --  Case of variable that could be a constant. Note that we
1208               --  never signal such messages for generic package entities,
1209               --  since a given instance could have modifications outside
1210               --  the package.
1211
1212               --  Note that we used to check Address_Taken here, but we don't
1213               --  want to do that since it can be set for non-source cases,
1214               --  e.g. the Unrestricted_Access from a valid attribute, and
1215               --  the wanted effect is included in Never_Set_In_Source.
1216
1217               elsif Warn_On_Constant
1218                 and then (Ekind (E1) = E_Variable
1219                            and then Has_Initial_Value (E1))
1220                 and then Never_Set_In_Source_Check_Spec (E1)
1221                 and then not Generic_Package_Spec_Entity (E1)
1222               then
1223                  --  A special case, if this variable is volatile and not
1224                  --  imported, it is not helpful to tell the programmer
1225                  --  to mark the variable as constant, since this would be
1226                  --  illegal by virtue of RM C.6(13). Instead we suggest
1227                  --  using pragma Export (can't be Import because of the
1228                  --  initial value).
1229
1230                  if (Is_Volatile (E1) or else Has_Volatile_Components (E1))
1231                    and then not Is_Imported (E1)
1232                  then
1233                     Error_Msg_N
1234                       ("?k?& is not modified, consider pragma Export for "
1235                        & "volatile variable!", E1);
1236
1237                  --  Another special case, Exception_Occurrence, this catches
1238                  --  the case of exception choice (and a bit more too, but not
1239                  --  worth doing more investigation here).
1240
1241                  elsif Is_RTE (E1T, RE_Exception_Occurrence) then
1242                     null;
1243
1244                  --  Here we give the warning if referenced and no pragma
1245                  --  Unreferenced or Unmodified is present.
1246
1247                  else
1248                     --  Variable case
1249
1250                     if Ekind (E1) = E_Variable then
1251                        if Referenced_Check_Spec (E1)
1252                          and then not Has_Pragma_Unreferenced_Check_Spec (E1)
1253                          and then not Has_Pragma_Unmodified_Check_Spec (E1)
1254                        then
1255                           if not Warnings_Off_E1
1256                             and then not Has_Junk_Name (E1)
1257                           then
1258                              Error_Msg_N -- CODEFIX
1259                                ("?k?& is not modified, "
1260                                 & "could be declared constant!",
1261                                 E1);
1262                           end if;
1263                        end if;
1264                     end if;
1265                  end if;
1266
1267               --  Other cases of a variable or parameter never set in source
1268
1269               elsif Never_Set_In_Source_Check_Spec (E1)
1270
1271                 --  No warning if warning for this case turned off
1272
1273                 and then Warn_On_No_Value_Assigned
1274
1275                 --  No warning if address taken somewhere
1276
1277                 and then not Address_Taken (E1)
1278
1279                 --  No warning if explicit initial value
1280
1281                 and then not Has_Initial_Value (E1)
1282
1283                 --  No warning for generic package spec entities, since we
1284                 --  might set them in a child unit or something like that
1285
1286                 and then not Generic_Package_Spec_Entity (E1)
1287
1288                 --  No warning if fully initialized type, except that for
1289                 --  this purpose we do not consider access types to qualify
1290                 --  as fully initialized types (relying on an access type
1291                 --  variable being null when it is never set is a bit odd).
1292
1293                 --  Also we generate warning for an out parameter that is
1294                 --  never referenced, since again it seems odd to rely on
1295                 --  default initialization to set an out parameter value.
1296
1297                and then (Is_Access_Type (E1T)
1298                           or else Ekind (E1) = E_Out_Parameter
1299                           or else not Is_Fully_Initialized_Type (E1T))
1300               then
1301                  --  Do not output complaint about never being assigned a
1302                  --  value if a pragma Unmodified applies to the variable
1303                  --  we are examining, or if it is a parameter, if there is
1304                  --  a pragma Unreferenced for the corresponding spec, or
1305                  --  if the type is marked as having unreferenced objects.
1306                  --  The last is a little peculiar, but better too few than
1307                  --  too many warnings in this situation.
1308
1309                  if Has_Pragma_Unreferenced_Objects (E1T)
1310                    or else Has_Pragma_Unmodified_Check_Spec (E1)
1311                  then
1312                     null;
1313
1314                  --  IN OUT parameter case where parameter is referenced. We
1315                  --  separate this out, since this is the case where we delay
1316                  --  output of the warning until more information is available
1317                  --  (about use in an instantiation or address being taken).
1318
1319                  elsif Ekind (E1) = E_In_Out_Parameter
1320                    and then Referenced_Check_Spec (E1)
1321                  then
1322                     --  Suppress warning if private type, and the procedure
1323                     --  has a separate declaration in a different unit. This
1324                     --  is the case where the client of a package sees only
1325                     --  the private type, and it may be quite reasonable
1326                     --  for the logical view to be IN OUT, even if the
1327                     --  implementation ends up using access types or some
1328                     --  other method to achieve the local effect of a
1329                     --  modification. On the other hand if the spec and body
1330                     --  are in the same unit, we are in the package body and
1331                     --  there we have less excuse for a junk IN OUT parameter.
1332
1333                     if Has_Private_Declaration (E1T)
1334                       and then Present (Spec_Entity (E1))
1335                       and then not In_Same_Source_Unit (E1, Spec_Entity (E1))
1336                     then
1337                        null;
1338
1339                     --  Suppress warning for any parameter of a dispatching
1340                     --  operation, since it is quite reasonable to have an
1341                     --  operation that is overridden, and for some subclasses
1342                     --  needs the formal to be IN OUT and for others happens
1343                     --  not to assign it.
1344
1345                     elsif Is_Dispatching_Operation
1346                             (Scope (Goto_Spec_Entity (E1)))
1347                     then
1348                        null;
1349
1350                     --  Suppress warning if composite type contains any access
1351                     --  component, since the logical effect of modifying a
1352                     --  parameter may be achieved by modifying a referenced
1353                     --  object.
1354
1355                     elsif Is_Composite_Type (E1T)
1356                       and then Has_Access_Values (E1T)
1357                     then
1358                        null;
1359
1360                     --  Suppress warning on formals of an entry body. All
1361                     --  references are attached to the formal in the entry
1362                     --  declaration, which are marked Is_Entry_Formal.
1363
1364                     elsif Ekind (Scope (E1)) = E_Entry
1365                       and then not Is_Entry_Formal (E1)
1366                     then
1367                        null;
1368
1369                     --  OK, looks like warning for an IN OUT parameter that
1370                     --  could be IN makes sense, but we delay the output of
1371                     --  the warning, pending possibly finding out later on
1372                     --  that the associated subprogram is used as a generic
1373                     --  actual, or its address/access is taken. In these two
1374                     --  cases, we suppress the warning because the context may
1375                     --  force use of IN OUT, even if in this particular case
1376                     --  the formal is not modified.
1377
1378                     else
1379                        --  Suppress the warnings for a junk name
1380
1381                        if not Has_Junk_Name (E1) then
1382                           In_Out_Warnings.Append (E1);
1383                        end if;
1384                     end if;
1385
1386                  --  Other cases of formals
1387
1388                  elsif Is_Formal (E1) then
1389                     if not Is_Trivial_Subprogram (Scope (E1)) then
1390                        if Referenced_Check_Spec (E1) then
1391                           if not Has_Pragma_Unmodified_Check_Spec (E1)
1392                             and then not Warnings_Off_E1
1393                             and then not Has_Junk_Name (E1)
1394                           then
1395                              Output_Reference_Error
1396                                ("?f?formal parameter& is read but "
1397                                 & "never assigned!");
1398                           end if;
1399
1400                        elsif not Has_Pragma_Unreferenced_Check_Spec (E1)
1401                          and then not Warnings_Off_E1
1402                          and then not Has_Junk_Name (E1)
1403                        then
1404                           Output_Reference_Error
1405                             ("?f?formal parameter& is not referenced!");
1406                        end if;
1407                     end if;
1408
1409                  --  Case of variable
1410
1411                  else
1412                     if Referenced (E1) then
1413                        if not Has_Unmodified (E1)
1414                          and then not Warnings_Off_E1
1415                          and then not Has_Junk_Name (E1)
1416                        then
1417                           if Is_Access_Type (E1T)
1418                             or else
1419                               not Is_Partially_Initialized_Type (E1T, False)
1420                           then
1421                              Output_Reference_Error
1422                                ("?v?variable& is read but never assigned!");
1423                           end if;
1424
1425                           May_Need_Initialized_Actual (E1);
1426                        end if;
1427
1428                     elsif not Has_Unreferenced (E1)
1429                       and then not Warnings_Off_E1
1430                       and then not Has_Junk_Name (E1)
1431                     then
1432                        Output_Reference_Error -- CODEFIX
1433                          ("?v?variable& is never read and never assigned!");
1434                     end if;
1435
1436                     --  Deal with special case where this variable is hidden
1437                     --  by a loop variable.
1438
1439                     if Ekind (E1) = E_Variable
1440                       and then Present (Hiding_Loop_Variable (E1))
1441                       and then not Warnings_Off_E1
1442                     then
1443                        Error_Msg_N
1444                          ("?v?for loop implicitly declares loop variable!",
1445                           Hiding_Loop_Variable (E1));
1446
1447                        Error_Msg_Sloc := Sloc (E1);
1448                        Error_Msg_N
1449                          ("\?v?declaration hides & declared#!",
1450                           Hiding_Loop_Variable (E1));
1451                     end if;
1452                  end if;
1453
1454                  goto Continue;
1455               end if;
1456
1457               --  Check for unset reference. If type of object has
1458               --  preelaborable initialization, warning is misleading.
1459
1460               if Warn_On_No_Value_Assigned
1461                 and then Present (UR)
1462                 and then not Known_To_Have_Preelab_Init (Etype (E1))
1463               then
1464
1465                  --  For other than access type, go back to original node to
1466                  --  deal with case where original unset reference has been
1467                  --  rewritten during expansion.
1468
1469                  --  In some cases, the original node may be a type
1470                  --  conversion, a qualification or an attribute reference and
1471                  --  in this case we want the object entity inside. Same for
1472                  --  an expression with actions.
1473
1474                  UR := Original_Node (UR);
1475                  loop
1476                     if Nkind (UR) in N_Expression_With_Actions
1477                                    | N_Qualified_Expression
1478                                    | N_Type_Conversion
1479                     then
1480                        UR := Expression (UR);
1481
1482                     elsif Nkind (UR) = N_Attribute_Reference then
1483                        UR := Prefix (UR);
1484
1485                     else
1486                        exit;
1487                     end if;
1488                  end loop;
1489
1490                  --  Don't issue warning if appearing inside Initial_Condition
1491                  --  pragma or aspect, since that expression is not evaluated
1492                  --  at the point where it occurs in the source.
1493
1494                  if In_Pragma_Expression (UR, Name_Initial_Condition) then
1495                     goto Continue;
1496                  end if;
1497
1498                  --  Here we issue the warning, all checks completed
1499
1500                  --  If we have a return statement, this was a case of an OUT
1501                  --  parameter not being set at the time of the return. (Note:
1502                  --  it can't be N_Extended_Return_Statement, because those
1503                  --  are only for functions, and functions do not allow OUT
1504                  --  parameters.)
1505
1506                  if not Is_Trivial_Subprogram (Scope (E1)) then
1507                     if Nkind (UR) = N_Simple_Return_Statement
1508                       and then not Has_Pragma_Unmodified_Check_Spec (E1)
1509                     then
1510                        if not Warnings_Off_E1
1511                          and then not Has_Junk_Name (E1)
1512                        then
1513                           Error_Msg_NE
1514                             ("?v?OUT parameter& not set before return",
1515                              UR, E1);
1516                        end if;
1517
1518                        --  If the unset reference is a selected component
1519                        --  prefix from source, mention the component as well.
1520                        --  If the selected component comes from expansion, all
1521                        --  we know is that the entity is not fully initialized
1522                        --  at the point of the reference. Locate a random
1523                        --  uninitialized component to get a better message.
1524
1525                     elsif Nkind (Parent (UR)) = N_Selected_Component then
1526                        Error_Msg_Node_2 := Selector_Name (Parent (UR));
1527
1528                        if not Comes_From_Source (Parent (UR)) then
1529                           declare
1530                              Comp : Entity_Id;
1531
1532                           begin
1533                              Comp := First_Entity (E1T);
1534                              while Present (Comp) loop
1535                                 if Ekind (Comp) = E_Component
1536                                   and then Nkind (Parent (Comp)) =
1537                                              N_Component_Declaration
1538                                   and then No (Expression (Parent (Comp)))
1539                                 then
1540                                    Error_Msg_Node_2 := Comp;
1541                                    exit;
1542                                 end if;
1543
1544                                 Next_Entity (Comp);
1545                              end loop;
1546                           end;
1547                        end if;
1548
1549                        --  Issue proper warning. This is a case of referencing
1550                        --  a variable before it has been explicitly assigned.
1551                        --  For access types, UR was only set for dereferences,
1552                        --  so the issue is that the value may be null.
1553
1554                        if not Is_Trivial_Subprogram (Scope (E1)) then
1555                           if not Warnings_Off_E1 then
1556                              if Is_Access_Type (Etype (Parent (UR))) then
1557                                 Error_Msg_N ("??`&.&` may be null!", UR);
1558                              else
1559                                 Error_Msg_N
1560                                   ("??`&.&` may be referenced before "
1561                                    & "it has a value!", UR);
1562                              end if;
1563                           end if;
1564                        end if;
1565
1566                     --  All other cases of unset reference active
1567
1568                     elsif not Warnings_Off_E1 then
1569                        Error_Msg_N
1570                          ("??& may be referenced before it has a value!", UR);
1571                     end if;
1572                  end if;
1573
1574                  goto Continue;
1575
1576               end if;
1577            end if;
1578
1579            --  Then check for unreferenced entities. Note that we are only
1580            --  interested in entities whose Referenced flag is not set.
1581
1582            if not Referenced_Check_Spec (E1)
1583
1584              --  If Referenced_As_LHS is set, then that's still interesting
1585              --  (potential "assigned but never read" case), but not if we
1586              --  have pragma Unreferenced, which cancels this warning.
1587
1588              and then (not Referenced_As_LHS_Check_Spec (E1)
1589                         or else not Has_Unreferenced (E1))
1590
1591              --  Check that warnings on unreferenced entities are enabled
1592
1593              and then
1594                ((Check_Unreferenced and then not Is_Formal (E1))
1595
1596                  --  Case of warning on unreferenced formal
1597
1598                  or else (Check_Unreferenced_Formals and then Is_Formal (E1))
1599
1600                  --  Case of warning on unread variables modified by an
1601                  --  assignment, or an OUT parameter if it is the only one.
1602
1603                  or else (Warn_On_Modified_Unread
1604                            and then Referenced_As_LHS_Check_Spec (E1))
1605
1606                  --  Case of warning on any unread OUT parameter (note such
1607                  --  indications are only set if the appropriate warning
1608                  --  options were set, so no need to recheck here.)
1609
1610                  or else Referenced_As_Out_Parameter_Check_Spec (E1))
1611
1612              --  All other entities, including local packages that cannot be
1613              --  referenced from elsewhere, including those declared within a
1614              --  package body.
1615
1616              and then (Is_Object (E1)
1617                         or else Is_Type (E1)
1618                         or else Ekind (E1) = E_Label
1619                         or else Ekind (E1) in E_Exception
1620                                             | E_Named_Integer
1621                                             | E_Named_Real
1622                         or else Is_Overloadable (E1)
1623
1624                         --  Package case, if the main unit is a package spec
1625                         --  or generic package spec, then there may be a
1626                         --  corresponding body that references this package
1627                         --  in some other file. Otherwise we can be sure
1628                         --  that there is no other reference.
1629
1630                         or else
1631                           (Ekind (E1) = E_Package
1632                             and then
1633                               not Is_Package_Or_Generic_Package
1634                                     (Cunit_Entity (Current_Sem_Unit))))
1635
1636              --  Exclude instantiations, since there is no reason why every
1637              --  entity in an instantiation should be referenced.
1638
1639              and then Instantiation_Location (Sloc (E1)) = No_Location
1640
1641              --  Exclude formal parameters from bodies if the corresponding
1642              --  spec entity has been referenced in the case where there is
1643              --  a separate spec.
1644
1645              and then not (Is_Formal (E1)
1646                             and then Ekind (Scope (E1)) = E_Subprogram_Body
1647                             and then Present (Spec_Entity (E1))
1648                             and then Referenced (Spec_Entity (E1)))
1649
1650              --  Consider private type referenced if full view is referenced.
1651              --  If there is not full view, this is a generic type on which
1652              --  warnings are also useful.
1653
1654              and then
1655                not (Is_Private_Type (E1)
1656                      and then Present (Full_View (E1))
1657                      and then Referenced (Full_View (E1)))
1658
1659              --  Don't worry about full view, only about private type
1660
1661              and then not Has_Private_Declaration (E1)
1662
1663              --  Eliminate dispatching operations from consideration, we
1664              --  cannot tell if these are referenced or not in any easy
1665              --  manner (note this also catches Adjust/Finalize/Initialize).
1666
1667              and then not Is_Dispatching_Operation (E1)
1668
1669              --  Check entity that can be publicly referenced (we do not give
1670              --  messages for such entities, since there could be other
1671              --  units, not involved in this compilation, that contain
1672              --  relevant references.
1673
1674              and then not Publicly_Referenceable (E1)
1675
1676              --  Class wide types are marked as source entities, but they are
1677              --  not really source entities, and are always created, so we do
1678              --  not care if they are not referenced.
1679
1680              and then Ekind (E1) /= E_Class_Wide_Type
1681
1682              --  Objects other than parameters of task types are allowed to
1683              --  be non-referenced, since they start up tasks.
1684
1685              and then ((Ekind (E1) /= E_Variable
1686                          and then Ekind (E1) /= E_Constant
1687                          and then Ekind (E1) /= E_Component)
1688                         or else not Is_Task_Type (E1T))
1689
1690              --  For subunits, only place warnings on the main unit itself,
1691              --  since parent units are not completely compiled.
1692
1693              and then (Nkind (Unit (Cunit (Main_Unit))) /= N_Subunit
1694                         or else Get_Source_Unit (E1) = Main_Unit)
1695
1696              --  No warning on a return object, because these are often
1697              --  created with a single expression and an implicit return.
1698              --  If the object is a variable there will be a warning
1699              --  indicating that it could be declared constant.
1700
1701              and then not
1702                (Ekind (E1) = E_Constant and then Is_Return_Object (E1))
1703            then
1704               --  Suppress warnings in internal units if not in -gnatg mode
1705               --  (these would be junk warnings for an applications program,
1706               --  since they refer to problems in internal units).
1707
1708               if GNAT_Mode or else not In_Internal_Unit (E1) then
1709                  --  We do not immediately flag the error. This is because we
1710                  --  have not expanded generic bodies yet, and they may have
1711                  --  the missing reference. So instead we park the entity on a
1712                  --  list, for later processing. However for the case of an
1713                  --  accept statement we want to output messages now, since
1714                  --  we know we already have all information at hand, and we
1715                  --  also want to have separate warnings for each accept
1716                  --  statement for the same entry.
1717
1718                  if Present (Anod) then
1719                     pragma Assert (Is_Formal (E1));
1720
1721                     --  The unreferenced entity is E1, but post the warning
1722                     --  on the body entity for this accept statement.
1723
1724                     if not Warnings_Off_E1 then
1725                        Warn_On_Unreferenced_Entity
1726                          (E1, Body_Formal (E1, Accept_Statement => Anod));
1727                     end if;
1728
1729                  elsif not Warnings_Off_E1
1730                    and then not Has_Junk_Name (E1)
1731                  then
1732                     if Is_Formal (E1)
1733                       and then Nkind (Unit_Declaration_Node (Scope (E1)))
1734                         = N_Generic_Subprogram_Declaration
1735                     then
1736                        Unreferenced_Entities.Append
1737                          (Generic_Body_Formal (E1));
1738                     else
1739                        Unreferenced_Entities.Append (E1);
1740                     end if;
1741                  end if;
1742               end if;
1743
1744            --  Generic units are referenced in the generic body, but if they
1745            --  are not public and never instantiated we want to force a
1746            --  warning on them. We treat them as redundant constructs to
1747            --  minimize noise.
1748
1749            elsif Is_Generic_Subprogram (E1)
1750              and then not Is_Instantiated (E1)
1751              and then not Publicly_Referenceable (E1)
1752              and then Instantiation_Depth (Sloc (E1)) = 0
1753              and then Warn_On_Redundant_Constructs
1754            then
1755               if not Warnings_Off_E1 and then not Has_Junk_Name (E1) then
1756                  Unreferenced_Entities.Append (E1);
1757
1758                  --  Force warning on entity
1759
1760                  Set_Referenced (E1, False);
1761               end if;
1762            end if;
1763         end if;
1764
1765         --  Recurse into nested package or block. Do not recurse into a formal
1766         --  package, because the corresponding body is not analyzed.
1767
1768         <<Continue>>
1769            if (Is_Package_Or_Generic_Package (E1)
1770                 and then Nkind (Parent (E1)) = N_Package_Specification
1771                 and then
1772                   Nkind (Original_Node (Unit_Declaration_Node (E1))) /=
1773                                                N_Formal_Package_Declaration)
1774
1775              or else Ekind (E1) = E_Block
1776            then
1777               Check_References (E1);
1778            end if;
1779
1780            Next_Entity (E1);
1781      end loop;
1782   end Check_References;
1783
1784   ---------------------------
1785   -- Check_Unset_Reference --
1786   ---------------------------
1787
1788   procedure Check_Unset_Reference (N : Node_Id) is
1789      Typ : constant Entity_Id := Etype (N);
1790
1791      function Is_OK_Fully_Initialized return Boolean;
1792      --  This function returns true if the given node N is fully initialized
1793      --  so that the reference is safe as far as this routine is concerned.
1794      --  Safe generally means that the type of N is a fully initialized type.
1795      --  The one special case is that for access types, which are always fully
1796      --  initialized, we don't consider a dereference OK since it will surely
1797      --  be dereferencing a null value, which won't do.
1798
1799      function Prefix_Has_Dereference (Pref : Node_Id) return Boolean;
1800      --  Used to test indexed or selected component or slice to see if the
1801      --  evaluation of the prefix depends on a dereference, and if so, returns
1802      --  True, in which case we always check the prefix, even if we know that
1803      --  the referenced component is initialized. Pref is the prefix to test.
1804
1805      -----------------------------
1806      -- Is_OK_Fully_Initialized --
1807      -----------------------------
1808
1809      function Is_OK_Fully_Initialized return Boolean is
1810      begin
1811         if Is_Access_Type (Typ) and then Is_Dereferenced (N) then
1812            return False;
1813
1814         --  A type subject to pragma Default_Initial_Condition may be fully
1815         --  default initialized depending on inheritance and the argument of
1816         --  the pragma (SPARK RM 3.1 and SPARK RM 7.3.3).
1817
1818         elsif Has_Fully_Default_Initializing_DIC_Pragma (Typ) then
1819            return True;
1820
1821         else
1822            return Is_Fully_Initialized_Type (Typ);
1823         end if;
1824      end Is_OK_Fully_Initialized;
1825
1826      ----------------------------
1827      -- Prefix_Has_Dereference --
1828      ----------------------------
1829
1830      function Prefix_Has_Dereference (Pref : Node_Id) return Boolean is
1831      begin
1832         --  If prefix is of an access type, it certainly needs a dereference
1833
1834         if Is_Access_Type (Etype (Pref)) then
1835            return True;
1836
1837         --  If prefix is explicit dereference, that's a dereference for sure
1838
1839         elsif Nkind (Pref) = N_Explicit_Dereference then
1840            return True;
1841
1842         --  If prefix is itself a component reference or slice check prefix
1843
1844         elsif Nkind (Pref) = N_Slice
1845           or else Nkind (Pref) = N_Indexed_Component
1846           or else Nkind (Pref) = N_Selected_Component
1847         then
1848            return Prefix_Has_Dereference (Prefix (Pref));
1849
1850         --  All other cases do not involve a dereference
1851
1852         else
1853            return False;
1854         end if;
1855      end Prefix_Has_Dereference;
1856
1857   --  Start of processing for Check_Unset_Reference
1858
1859   begin
1860      --  Nothing to do if warnings suppressed
1861
1862      if Warning_Mode = Suppress then
1863         return;
1864      end if;
1865
1866      --  Nothing to do for numeric or string literal. Do this test early to
1867      --  save time in a common case (it does not matter that we do not include
1868      --  character literal here, since that will be caught later on in the
1869      --  when others branch of the case statement).
1870
1871      if Nkind (N) in N_Numeric_Or_String_Literal then
1872         return;
1873      end if;
1874
1875      --  Ignore reference unless it comes from source. Almost always if we
1876      --  have a reference from generated code, it is bogus (e.g. calls to init
1877      --  procs to set default discriminant values).
1878
1879      if not Comes_From_Source (Original_Node (N)) then
1880         return;
1881      end if;
1882
1883      --  Otherwise see what kind of node we have. If the entity already has an
1884      --  unset reference, it is not necessarily the earliest in the text,
1885      --  because resolution of the prefix of selected components is completed
1886      --  before the resolution of the selected component itself. As a result,
1887      --  given (R /= null and then R.X > 0), the occurrences of R are examined
1888      --  in right-to-left order. If there is already an unset reference, we
1889      --  check whether N is earlier before proceeding.
1890
1891      case Nkind (N) is
1892
1893         --  For identifier or expanded name, examine the entity involved
1894
1895         when N_Expanded_Name
1896            | N_Identifier
1897         =>
1898            declare
1899               E : constant Entity_Id := Entity (N);
1900
1901            begin
1902               if Ekind (E) in E_Variable | E_Out_Parameter
1903                 and then Never_Set_In_Source_Check_Spec (E)
1904                 and then not Has_Initial_Value (E)
1905                 and then (No (Unset_Reference (E))
1906                            or else
1907                              Earlier_In_Extended_Unit
1908                                (Sloc (N), Sloc (Unset_Reference (E))))
1909                 and then not Has_Pragma_Unmodified_Check_Spec (E)
1910                 and then not Warnings_Off_Check_Spec (E)
1911                 and then not Has_Junk_Name (E)
1912               then
1913                  --  We may have an unset reference. The first test is whether
1914                  --  this is an access to a discriminant of a record or a
1915                  --  component with default initialization. Both of these
1916                  --  cases can be ignored, since the actual object that is
1917                  --  referenced is definitely initialized. Note that this
1918                  --  covers the case of reading discriminants of an OUT
1919                  --  parameter, which is OK even in Ada 83.
1920
1921                  --  Note that we are only interested in a direct reference to
1922                  --  a record component here. If the reference is through an
1923                  --  access type, then the access object is being referenced,
1924                  --  not the record, and still deserves an unset reference.
1925
1926                  if Nkind (Parent (N)) = N_Selected_Component
1927                    and not Is_Access_Type (Typ)
1928                  then
1929                     declare
1930                        ES : constant Entity_Id :=
1931                               Entity (Selector_Name (Parent (N)));
1932                     begin
1933                        if Ekind (ES) = E_Discriminant
1934                          or else
1935                            (Present (Declaration_Node (ES))
1936                               and then
1937                             Present (Expression (Declaration_Node (ES))))
1938                        then
1939                           return;
1940                        end if;
1941                     end;
1942                  end if;
1943
1944                  --  Exclude fully initialized types
1945
1946                  if Is_OK_Fully_Initialized then
1947                     return;
1948                  end if;
1949
1950                  --  Here we have a potential unset reference. But before we
1951                  --  get worried about it, we have to make sure that the
1952                  --  entity declaration is in the same procedure as the
1953                  --  reference, since if they are in separate procedures, then
1954                  --  we have no idea about sequential execution.
1955
1956                  --  The tests in the loop below catch all such cases, but do
1957                  --  allow the reference to appear in a loop, block, or
1958                  --  package spec that is nested within the declaring scope.
1959                  --  As always, it is possible to construct cases where the
1960                  --  warning is wrong, that is why it is a warning.
1961
1962                  Potential_Unset_Reference : declare
1963                     SR : Entity_Id;
1964                     SE : constant Entity_Id := Scope (E);
1965
1966                     function Within_Postcondition return Boolean;
1967                     --  Returns True if N is within a Postcondition, a
1968                     --  Refined_Post, an Ensures component in a Test_Case,
1969                     --  or a Contract_Cases.
1970
1971                     --------------------------
1972                     -- Within_Postcondition --
1973                     --------------------------
1974
1975                     function Within_Postcondition return Boolean is
1976                        Nod, P : Node_Id;
1977
1978                     begin
1979                        Nod := Parent (N);
1980                        while Present (Nod) loop
1981                           if Nkind (Nod) = N_Pragma
1982                             and then
1983                               Pragma_Name_Unmapped (Nod)
1984                                in Name_Postcondition
1985                                 | Name_Refined_Post
1986                                 | Name_Contract_Cases
1987                           then
1988                              return True;
1989
1990                           elsif Present (Parent (Nod)) then
1991                              P := Parent (Nod);
1992
1993                              if Nkind (P) = N_Pragma
1994                                and then Pragma_Name (P) =
1995                                  Name_Test_Case
1996                                and then Nod = Test_Case_Arg (P, Name_Ensures)
1997                              then
1998                                 return True;
1999                              end if;
2000                           end if;
2001
2002                           Nod := Parent (Nod);
2003                        end loop;
2004
2005                        return False;
2006                     end Within_Postcondition;
2007
2008                  --  Start of processing for Potential_Unset_Reference
2009
2010                  begin
2011                     SR := Current_Scope;
2012                     while SR /= SE loop
2013                        if SR = Standard_Standard
2014                          or else Is_Subprogram (SR)
2015                          or else Is_Concurrent_Body (SR)
2016                          or else Is_Concurrent_Type (SR)
2017                        then
2018                           return;
2019                        end if;
2020
2021                        SR := Scope (SR);
2022                     end loop;
2023
2024                     --  Case of reference has an access type. This is a
2025                     --  special case since access types are always set to null
2026                     --  so cannot be truly uninitialized, but we still want to
2027                     --  warn about cases of obvious null dereference.
2028
2029                     if Is_Access_Type (Typ) then
2030                        Access_Type_Case : declare
2031                           P : Node_Id;
2032
2033                           function Process
2034                             (N : Node_Id) return Traverse_Result;
2035                           --  Process function for instantiation of Traverse
2036                           --  below. Checks if N contains reference to E other
2037                           --  than a dereference.
2038
2039                           function Ref_In (Nod : Node_Id) return Boolean;
2040                           --  Determines whether Nod contains a reference to
2041                           --  the entity E that is not a dereference.
2042
2043                           -------------
2044                           -- Process --
2045                           -------------
2046
2047                           function Process
2048                             (N : Node_Id) return Traverse_Result
2049                           is
2050                           begin
2051                              if Is_Entity_Name (N)
2052                                and then Entity (N) = E
2053                                and then not Is_Dereferenced (N)
2054                              then
2055                                 return Abandon;
2056                              else
2057                                 return OK;
2058                              end if;
2059                           end Process;
2060
2061                           ------------
2062                           -- Ref_In --
2063                           ------------
2064
2065                           function Ref_In (Nod : Node_Id) return Boolean is
2066                              function Traverse is new Traverse_Func (Process);
2067                           begin
2068                              return Traverse (Nod) = Abandon;
2069                           end Ref_In;
2070
2071                        --  Start of processing for Access_Type_Case
2072
2073                        begin
2074                           --  Don't bother if we are inside an instance, since
2075                           --  the compilation of the generic template is where
2076                           --  the warning should be issued.
2077
2078                           if In_Instance then
2079                              return;
2080                           end if;
2081
2082                           --  Don't bother if this is not the main unit. If we
2083                           --  try to give this warning for with'ed units, we
2084                           --  get some false positives, since we do not record
2085                           --  references in other units.
2086
2087                           if not In_Extended_Main_Source_Unit (E)
2088                                or else
2089                              not In_Extended_Main_Source_Unit (N)
2090                           then
2091                              return;
2092                           end if;
2093
2094                           --  We are only interested in dereferences
2095
2096                           if not Is_Dereferenced (N) then
2097                              return;
2098                           end if;
2099
2100                           --  One more check, don't bother with references
2101                           --  that are inside conditional statements or WHILE
2102                           --  loops if the condition references the entity in
2103                           --  question. This avoids most false positives.
2104
2105                           P := Parent (N);
2106                           loop
2107                              P := Parent (P);
2108                              exit when No (P);
2109
2110                              if Nkind (P) in N_If_Statement | N_Elsif_Part
2111                                and then Ref_In (Condition (P))
2112                              then
2113                                 return;
2114
2115                              elsif Nkind (P) = N_Loop_Statement
2116                                and then Present (Iteration_Scheme (P))
2117                                and then
2118                                  Ref_In (Condition (Iteration_Scheme (P)))
2119                              then
2120                                 return;
2121                              end if;
2122                           end loop;
2123                        end Access_Type_Case;
2124                     end if;
2125
2126                     --  One more check, don't bother if we are within a
2127                     --  postcondition, since the expression occurs in a
2128                     --  place unrelated to the actual test.
2129
2130                     if not Within_Postcondition then
2131
2132                        --  Here we definitely have a case for giving a warning
2133                        --  for a reference to an unset value. But we don't
2134                        --  give the warning now. Instead set Unset_Reference
2135                        --  in the identifier involved. The reason for this is
2136                        --  that if we find the variable is never ever assigned
2137                        --  a value then that warning is more important and
2138                        --  there is no point in giving the reference warning.
2139
2140                        --  If this is an identifier, set the field directly
2141
2142                        if Nkind (N) = N_Identifier then
2143                           Set_Unset_Reference (E, N);
2144
2145                        --  Otherwise it is an expanded name, so set the field
2146                        --  of the actual identifier for the reference.
2147
2148                        else
2149                           Set_Unset_Reference (E, Selector_Name (N));
2150                        end if;
2151                     end if;
2152                  end Potential_Unset_Reference;
2153               end if;
2154            end;
2155
2156         --  Indexed component or slice
2157
2158         when N_Indexed_Component
2159            | N_Slice
2160         =>
2161            --  If prefix does not involve dereferencing an access type, then
2162            --  we know we are OK if the component type is fully initialized,
2163            --  since the component will have been set as part of the default
2164            --  initialization.
2165
2166            if not Prefix_Has_Dereference (Prefix (N))
2167              and then Is_OK_Fully_Initialized
2168            then
2169               return;
2170
2171            --  Look at prefix in access type case, or if the component is not
2172            --  fully initialized.
2173
2174            else
2175               Check_Unset_Reference (Prefix (N));
2176            end if;
2177
2178         --  Record component
2179
2180         when N_Selected_Component =>
2181            declare
2182               Pref : constant Node_Id   := Prefix (N);
2183               Ent  : constant Entity_Id := Entity (Selector_Name (N));
2184
2185            begin
2186               --  If prefix involves dereferencing an access type, always
2187               --  check the prefix, since the issue then is whether this
2188               --  access value is null.
2189
2190               if Prefix_Has_Dereference (Pref) then
2191                  null;
2192
2193               --  Always go to prefix if no selector entity is set. Can this
2194               --  happen in the normal case? Not clear, but it definitely can
2195               --  happen in error cases.
2196
2197               elsif No (Ent) then
2198                  null;
2199
2200               --  For a record component, check some cases where we have
2201               --  reasonable cause to consider that the component is known to
2202               --  be or probably is initialized. In this case, we don't care
2203               --  if the prefix itself was explicitly initialized.
2204
2205               --  Discriminants are always considered initialized
2206
2207               elsif Ekind (Ent) = E_Discriminant then
2208                  return;
2209
2210               --  An explicitly initialized component is certainly initialized
2211
2212               elsif Nkind (Parent (Ent)) = N_Component_Declaration
2213                 and then Present (Expression (Parent (Ent)))
2214               then
2215                  return;
2216
2217               --  A fully initialized component is initialized
2218
2219               elsif Is_OK_Fully_Initialized then
2220                  return;
2221               end if;
2222
2223               --  If none of those cases apply, check the record type prefix
2224
2225               Check_Unset_Reference (Pref);
2226            end;
2227
2228         --  For type conversions, qualifications, or expressions with actions,
2229         --  examine the expression.
2230
2231         when N_Expression_With_Actions
2232            | N_Qualified_Expression
2233            | N_Type_Conversion
2234         =>
2235            Check_Unset_Reference (Expression (N));
2236
2237         --  For explicit dereference, always check prefix, which will generate
2238         --  an unset reference (since this is a case of dereferencing null).
2239
2240         when N_Explicit_Dereference =>
2241            Check_Unset_Reference (Prefix (N));
2242
2243         --  All other cases are not cases of an unset reference
2244
2245         when others =>
2246            null;
2247      end case;
2248   end Check_Unset_Reference;
2249
2250   ------------------------
2251   -- Check_Unused_Withs --
2252   ------------------------
2253
2254   procedure Check_Unused_Withs (Spec_Unit : Unit_Number_Type := No_Unit) is
2255
2256      Munite : constant Entity_Id := Cunit_Entity (Main_Unit);
2257      --  This is needed for checking the special renaming case
2258
2259      procedure Check_One_Unit (Unit : Unit_Number_Type);
2260      --  Subsidiary procedure, performs checks for specified unit
2261
2262      --------------------
2263      -- Check_One_Unit --
2264      --------------------
2265
2266      procedure Check_One_Unit (Unit : Unit_Number_Type) is
2267         Cnode : constant Node_Id := Cunit (Unit);
2268
2269         Is_Visible_Renaming : Boolean := False;
2270
2271         procedure Check_Inner_Package (Pack : Entity_Id);
2272         --  Pack is a package local to a unit in a with_clause. Both the unit
2273         --  and Pack are referenced. If none of the entities in Pack are
2274         --  referenced, then the only occurrence of Pack is in a USE clause
2275         --  or a pragma, and a warning is worthwhile as well.
2276
2277         function Check_System_Aux (Lunit : Entity_Id) return Boolean;
2278         --  Before giving a warning on a with_clause for System, check whether
2279         --  a system extension is present.
2280
2281         function Find_Package_Renaming
2282           (P : Entity_Id;
2283            L : Entity_Id) return Entity_Id;
2284         --  The only reference to a context unit may be in a renaming
2285         --  declaration. If this renaming declares a visible entity, do not
2286         --  warn that the context clause could be moved to the body, because
2287         --  the renaming may be intended to re-export the unit.
2288
2289         function Has_Visible_Entities (P : Entity_Id) return Boolean;
2290         --  This function determines if a package has any visible entities.
2291         --  True is returned if there is at least one declared visible entity,
2292         --  otherwise False is returned (e.g. case of only pragmas present).
2293
2294         -------------------------
2295         -- Check_Inner_Package --
2296         -------------------------
2297
2298         procedure Check_Inner_Package (Pack : Entity_Id) is
2299            E  : Entity_Id;
2300            Un : constant Node_Id := Sinfo.Unit (Cnode);
2301
2302            function Check_Use_Clause (N : Node_Id) return Traverse_Result;
2303            --  If N is a use_clause for Pack, emit warning
2304
2305            procedure Check_Use_Clauses is new
2306              Traverse_Proc (Check_Use_Clause);
2307
2308            ----------------------
2309            -- Check_Use_Clause --
2310            ----------------------
2311
2312            function Check_Use_Clause (N : Node_Id) return Traverse_Result is
2313            begin
2314               if Nkind (N) = N_Use_Package_Clause
2315                 and then Entity (Name (N)) = Pack
2316               then
2317                  --  Suppress message if any serious errors detected that turn
2318                  --  off expansion, and thus result in false positives for
2319                  --  this warning.
2320
2321                  if Serious_Errors_Detected = 0 then
2322                     Error_Msg_Qual_Level := 1;
2323                     Error_Msg_NE -- CODEFIX
2324                       ("?u?no entities of package& are referenced!",
2325                          Name (N), Pack);
2326                     Error_Msg_Qual_Level := 0;
2327                  end if;
2328               end if;
2329
2330               return OK;
2331            end Check_Use_Clause;
2332
2333         --  Start of processing for Check_Inner_Package
2334
2335         begin
2336            E := First_Entity (Pack);
2337            while Present (E) loop
2338               if Referenced_Check_Spec (E) then
2339                  return;
2340               end if;
2341
2342               Next_Entity (E);
2343            end loop;
2344
2345            --  No entities of the package are referenced. Check whether the
2346            --  reference to the package itself is a use clause, and if so
2347            --  place a warning on it.
2348
2349            Check_Use_Clauses (Un);
2350         end Check_Inner_Package;
2351
2352         ----------------------
2353         -- Check_System_Aux --
2354         ----------------------
2355
2356         function Check_System_Aux (Lunit : Entity_Id) return Boolean is
2357            Ent : Entity_Id;
2358
2359         begin
2360            if Chars (Lunit) = Name_System
2361               and then Scope (Lunit) = Standard_Standard
2362               and then Present_System_Aux
2363            then
2364               Ent := First_Entity (System_Aux_Id);
2365               while Present (Ent) loop
2366                  if Referenced_Check_Spec (Ent) then
2367                     return True;
2368                  end if;
2369
2370                  Next_Entity (Ent);
2371               end loop;
2372            end if;
2373
2374            return False;
2375         end Check_System_Aux;
2376
2377         ---------------------------
2378         -- Find_Package_Renaming --
2379         ---------------------------
2380
2381         function Find_Package_Renaming
2382           (P : Entity_Id;
2383            L : Entity_Id) return Entity_Id
2384         is
2385            E1 : Entity_Id;
2386            R  : Entity_Id;
2387
2388         begin
2389            Is_Visible_Renaming := False;
2390
2391            E1 := First_Entity (P);
2392            while Present (E1) loop
2393               if Ekind (E1) = E_Package and then Renamed_Object (E1) = L then
2394                  Is_Visible_Renaming := not Is_Hidden (E1);
2395                  return E1;
2396
2397               elsif Ekind (E1) = E_Package
2398                 and then No (Renamed_Object (E1))
2399                 and then not Is_Generic_Instance (E1)
2400               then
2401                  R := Find_Package_Renaming (E1, L);
2402
2403                  if Present (R) then
2404                     Is_Visible_Renaming := not Is_Hidden (R);
2405                     return R;
2406                  end if;
2407               end if;
2408
2409               Next_Entity (E1);
2410            end loop;
2411
2412            return Empty;
2413         end Find_Package_Renaming;
2414
2415         --------------------------
2416         -- Has_Visible_Entities --
2417         --------------------------
2418
2419         function Has_Visible_Entities (P : Entity_Id) return Boolean is
2420            E : Entity_Id;
2421
2422         begin
2423            --  If unit in context is not a package, it is a subprogram that
2424            --  is not called or a generic unit that is not instantiated
2425            --  in the current unit, and warning is appropriate.
2426
2427            if Ekind (P) /= E_Package then
2428               return True;
2429            end if;
2430
2431            --  If unit comes from a limited_with clause, look for declaration
2432            --  of shadow entities.
2433
2434            if Present (Limited_View (P)) then
2435               E := First_Entity (Limited_View (P));
2436            else
2437               E := First_Entity (P);
2438            end if;
2439
2440            while Present (E) and then E /= First_Private_Entity (P) loop
2441               if Comes_From_Source (E) or else Present (Limited_View (P)) then
2442                  return True;
2443               end if;
2444
2445               Next_Entity (E);
2446            end loop;
2447
2448            return False;
2449         end Has_Visible_Entities;
2450
2451         --  Local variables
2452
2453         Ent   : Entity_Id;
2454         Item  : Node_Id;
2455         Lunit : Entity_Id;
2456         Pack  : Entity_Id;
2457
2458      --  Start of processing for Check_One_Unit
2459
2460      begin
2461         --  Only do check in units that are part of the extended main unit.
2462         --  This is actually a necessary restriction, because in the case of
2463         --  subprogram acting as its own specification, there can be with's in
2464         --  subunits that we will not see.
2465
2466         if not In_Extended_Main_Source_Unit (Cnode) then
2467            return;
2468         end if;
2469
2470         --  Loop through context items in this unit
2471
2472         Item := First (Context_Items (Cnode));
2473         while Present (Item) loop
2474            if Nkind (Item) = N_With_Clause
2475              and then not Implicit_With (Item)
2476              and then In_Extended_Main_Source_Unit (Item)
2477
2478              --  Guard for no entity present. Not clear under what conditions
2479              --  this happens, but it does occur, and since this is only a
2480              --  warning, we just suppress the warning in this case.
2481
2482              and then Nkind (Name (Item)) in N_Has_Entity
2483              and then Present (Entity (Name (Item)))
2484            then
2485               Lunit := Entity (Name (Item));
2486
2487               --  Check if this unit is referenced (skip the check if this
2488               --  is explicitly marked by a pragma Unreferenced).
2489
2490               if not Referenced (Lunit) and then not Has_Unreferenced (Lunit)
2491               then
2492                  --  Suppress warnings in internal units if not in -gnatg mode
2493                  --  (these would be junk warnings for an application program,
2494                  --  since they refer to problems in internal units).
2495
2496                  if GNAT_Mode or else not Is_Internal_Unit (Unit) then
2497                     --  Here we definitely have a non-referenced unit. If it
2498                     --  is the special call for a spec unit, then just set the
2499                     --  flag to be read later.
2500
2501                     if Unit = Spec_Unit then
2502                        Set_Unreferenced_In_Spec (Item);
2503
2504                     --  Otherwise simple unreferenced message, but skip this
2505                     --  if no visible entities, because that is most likely a
2506                     --  case where warning would be false positive (e.g. a
2507                     --  package with only a linker options pragma and nothing
2508                     --  else or a pragma elaborate with a body library task).
2509
2510                     elsif Has_Visible_Entities (Lunit) then
2511                        Error_Msg_N -- CODEFIX
2512                          ("?u?unit& is not referenced!", Name (Item));
2513                     end if;
2514                  end if;
2515
2516               --  If main unit is a renaming of this unit, then we consider
2517               --  the with to be OK (obviously it is needed in this case).
2518               --  This may be transitive: the unit in the with_clause may
2519               --  itself be a renaming, in which case both it and the main
2520               --  unit rename the same ultimate package.
2521
2522               elsif Present (Renamed_Entity (Munite))
2523                  and then
2524                    (Renamed_Entity (Munite) = Lunit
2525                      or else Renamed_Entity (Munite) = Renamed_Entity (Lunit))
2526               then
2527                  null;
2528
2529               --  If this unit is referenced, and it is a package, we do
2530               --  another test, to see if any of the entities in the package
2531               --  are referenced. If none of the entities are referenced, we
2532               --  still post a warning. This occurs if the only use of the
2533               --  package is in a use clause, or in a package renaming
2534               --  declaration. This check is skipped for packages that are
2535               --  renamed in a spec, since the entities in such a package are
2536               --  visible to clients via the renaming.
2537
2538               elsif Ekind (Lunit) = E_Package
2539                 and then not Renamed_In_Spec (Lunit)
2540               then
2541                  --  If Is_Instantiated is set, it means that the package is
2542                  --  implicitly instantiated (this is the case of parent
2543                  --  instance or an actual for a generic package formal), and
2544                  --  this counts as a reference.
2545
2546                  if Is_Instantiated (Lunit) then
2547                     null;
2548
2549                  --  If no entities in package, and there is a pragma
2550                  --  Elaborate_Body present, then assume that this with is
2551                  --  done for purposes of this elaboration.
2552
2553                  elsif No (First_Entity (Lunit))
2554                    and then Has_Pragma_Elaborate_Body (Lunit)
2555                  then
2556                     null;
2557
2558                  --  Otherwise see if any entities have been referenced
2559
2560                  else
2561                     if Limited_Present (Item) then
2562                        Ent := First_Entity (Limited_View (Lunit));
2563                     else
2564                        Ent := First_Entity (Lunit);
2565                     end if;
2566
2567                     loop
2568                        --  No more entities, and we did not find one that was
2569                        --  referenced. Means we have a definite case of a with
2570                        --  none of whose entities was referenced.
2571
2572                        if No (Ent) then
2573
2574                           --  If in spec, just set the flag
2575
2576                           if Unit = Spec_Unit then
2577                              Set_No_Entities_Ref_In_Spec (Item);
2578
2579                           elsif Check_System_Aux (Lunit) then
2580                              null;
2581
2582                           --  Else the warning may be needed
2583
2584                           else
2585                              --  Warn if we unreferenced flag set and we have
2586                              --  not had serious errors. The reason we inhibit
2587                              --  the message if there are errors is to prevent
2588                              --  false positives from disabling expansion.
2589
2590                              if not Has_Unreferenced (Lunit)
2591                                and then Serious_Errors_Detected = 0
2592                              then
2593                                 --  Get possible package renaming
2594
2595                                 Pack := Find_Package_Renaming (Munite, Lunit);
2596
2597                                 --  No warning if either the package or its
2598                                 --  renaming is used as a generic actual.
2599
2600                                 if Used_As_Generic_Actual (Lunit)
2601                                   or else
2602                                     (Present (Pack)
2603                                       and then
2604                                         Used_As_Generic_Actual (Pack))
2605                                 then
2606                                    exit;
2607                                 end if;
2608
2609                                 --  Here we give the warning
2610
2611                                 Error_Msg_N -- CODEFIX
2612                                   ("?u?no entities of & are referenced!",
2613                                    Name (Item));
2614
2615                                 --  Flag renaming of package as well. If
2616                                 --  the original package has warnings off,
2617                                 --  we suppress the warning on the renaming
2618                                 --  as well.
2619
2620                                 if Present (Pack)
2621                                   and then not Has_Warnings_Off (Lunit)
2622                                   and then not Has_Unreferenced (Pack)
2623                                 then
2624                                    Error_Msg_NE -- CODEFIX
2625                                      ("?u?no entities of& are referenced!",
2626                                       Unit_Declaration_Node (Pack), Pack);
2627                                 end if;
2628                              end if;
2629                           end if;
2630
2631                           exit;
2632
2633                        --  Case of entity being referenced. The reference may
2634                        --  come from a limited_with_clause, in which case the
2635                        --  limited view of the entity carries the flag.
2636
2637                        elsif Referenced_Check_Spec (Ent)
2638                          or else Referenced_As_LHS_Check_Spec (Ent)
2639                          or else Referenced_As_Out_Parameter_Check_Spec (Ent)
2640                          or else
2641                            (From_Limited_With (Ent)
2642                              and then Is_Incomplete_Type (Ent)
2643                              and then Present (Non_Limited_View (Ent))
2644                              and then Referenced (Non_Limited_View (Ent)))
2645                        then
2646                           --  This means that the with is indeed fine, in that
2647                           --  it is definitely needed somewhere, and we can
2648                           --  quit worrying about this one...
2649
2650                           --  Except for one little detail: if either of the
2651                           --  flags was set during spec processing, this is
2652                           --  where we complain that the with could be moved
2653                           --  from the spec. If the spec contains a visible
2654                           --  renaming of the package, inhibit warning to move
2655                           --  with_clause to body.
2656
2657                           if Ekind (Munite) = E_Package_Body then
2658                              Pack :=
2659                                Find_Package_Renaming
2660                                  (Spec_Entity (Munite), Lunit);
2661                           else
2662                              Pack := Empty;
2663                           end if;
2664
2665                           --  If a renaming is present in the spec do not warn
2666                           --  because the body or child unit may depend on it.
2667
2668                           if Present (Pack)
2669                             and then Renamed_Entity (Pack) = Lunit
2670                           then
2671                              exit;
2672
2673                           elsif Unreferenced_In_Spec (Item) then
2674                              Error_Msg_N -- CODEFIX
2675                                ("?u?unit& is not referenced in spec!",
2676                                 Name (Item));
2677
2678                           elsif No_Entities_Ref_In_Spec (Item) then
2679                              Error_Msg_N -- CODEFIX
2680                                ("?u?no entities of & are referenced in spec!",
2681                                 Name (Item));
2682
2683                           else
2684                              if Ekind (Ent) = E_Package then
2685                                 Check_Inner_Package (Ent);
2686                              end if;
2687
2688                              exit;
2689                           end if;
2690
2691                           if not Is_Visible_Renaming then
2692                              Error_Msg_N -- CODEFIX
2693                                ("\?u?with clause might be moved to body!",
2694                                 Name (Item));
2695                           end if;
2696
2697                           exit;
2698
2699                        --  Move to next entity to continue search
2700
2701                        else
2702                           Next_Entity (Ent);
2703                        end if;
2704                     end loop;
2705                  end if;
2706
2707               --  For a generic package, the only interesting kind of
2708               --  reference is an instantiation, since entities cannot be
2709               --  referenced directly.
2710
2711               elsif Is_Generic_Unit (Lunit) then
2712
2713                  --  Unit was never instantiated, set flag for case of spec
2714                  --  call, or give warning for normal call.
2715
2716                  if not Is_Instantiated (Lunit) then
2717                     if Unit = Spec_Unit then
2718                        Set_Unreferenced_In_Spec (Item);
2719                     else
2720                        Error_Msg_N -- CODEFIX
2721                          ("?u?unit& is never instantiated!", Name (Item));
2722                     end if;
2723
2724                  --  If unit was indeed instantiated, make sure that flag is
2725                  --  not set showing it was uninstantiated in the spec, and if
2726                  --  so, give warning.
2727
2728                  elsif Unreferenced_In_Spec (Item) then
2729                     Error_Msg_N
2730                       ("?u?unit& is not instantiated in spec!", Name (Item));
2731                     Error_Msg_N -- CODEFIX
2732                       ("\?u?with clause can be moved to body!", Name (Item));
2733                  end if;
2734               end if;
2735            end if;
2736
2737            Next (Item);
2738         end loop;
2739      end Check_One_Unit;
2740
2741   --  Start of processing for Check_Unused_Withs
2742
2743   begin
2744      --  Immediate return if no semantics or warning flag not set
2745
2746      if not Opt.Check_Withs or else Operating_Mode = Check_Syntax then
2747         return;
2748      end if;
2749
2750      Process_Deferred_References;
2751
2752      --  Flag any unused with clauses. For a subunit, check only the units
2753      --  in its context, not those of the parent, which may be needed by other
2754      --  subunits. We will get the full warnings when we compile the parent,
2755      --  but the following is helpful when compiling a subunit by itself.
2756
2757      if Nkind (Unit (Cunit (Main_Unit))) = N_Subunit then
2758         if Current_Sem_Unit = Main_Unit then
2759            Check_One_Unit (Main_Unit);
2760         end if;
2761
2762         return;
2763      end if;
2764
2765      --  Process specified units
2766
2767      if Spec_Unit = No_Unit then
2768
2769         --  For main call, check all units
2770
2771         for Unit in Main_Unit .. Last_Unit loop
2772            Check_One_Unit (Unit);
2773         end loop;
2774
2775      else
2776         --  For call for spec, check only the spec
2777
2778         Check_One_Unit (Spec_Unit);
2779      end if;
2780   end Check_Unused_Withs;
2781
2782   ---------------------------------
2783   -- Generic_Package_Spec_Entity --
2784   ---------------------------------
2785
2786   function Generic_Package_Spec_Entity (E : Entity_Id) return Boolean is
2787      S : Entity_Id;
2788
2789   begin
2790      if Is_Package_Body_Entity (E) then
2791         return False;
2792
2793      else
2794         S := Scope (E);
2795         loop
2796            if S = Standard_Standard then
2797               return False;
2798
2799            elsif Ekind (S) = E_Generic_Package then
2800               return True;
2801
2802            elsif Ekind (S) = E_Package then
2803               S := Scope (S);
2804
2805            else
2806               return False;
2807            end if;
2808         end loop;
2809      end if;
2810   end Generic_Package_Spec_Entity;
2811
2812   ----------------------
2813   -- Goto_Spec_Entity --
2814   ----------------------
2815
2816   function Goto_Spec_Entity (E : Entity_Id) return Entity_Id is
2817   begin
2818      if Is_Formal (E) and then Present (Spec_Entity (E)) then
2819         return Spec_Entity (E);
2820      else
2821         return E;
2822      end if;
2823   end Goto_Spec_Entity;
2824
2825   -------------------
2826   -- Has_Junk_Name --
2827   -------------------
2828
2829   function Has_Junk_Name (E : Entity_Id) return Boolean is
2830      function Match (S : String) return Boolean;
2831      --  Return true if substring S is found in Name_Buffer (1 .. Name_Len)
2832
2833      -----------
2834      -- Match --
2835      -----------
2836
2837      function Match (S : String) return Boolean is
2838         Slen1 : constant Integer := S'Length - 1;
2839
2840      begin
2841         for J in 1 .. Name_Len - S'Length + 1 loop
2842            if Name_Buffer (J .. J + Slen1) = S then
2843               return True;
2844            end if;
2845         end loop;
2846
2847         return False;
2848      end Match;
2849
2850   --  Start of processing for Has_Junk_Name
2851
2852   begin
2853      Get_Unqualified_Decoded_Name_String (Chars (E));
2854
2855      return
2856        Match ("discard") or else
2857        Match ("dummy")   or else
2858        Match ("ignore")  or else
2859        Match ("junk")    or else
2860        Match ("unused");
2861   end Has_Junk_Name;
2862
2863   --------------------------------------
2864   -- Has_Pragma_Unmodified_Check_Spec --
2865   --------------------------------------
2866
2867   function Has_Pragma_Unmodified_Check_Spec
2868     (E : Entity_Id) return Boolean
2869   is
2870   begin
2871      if Is_Formal (E) and then Present (Spec_Entity (E)) then
2872
2873         --  Note: use of OR instead of OR ELSE here is deliberate, we want
2874         --  to mess with Unmodified flags on both body and spec entities.
2875         --  Has_Unmodified has side effects!
2876
2877         return Has_Unmodified (E)
2878                  or
2879                Has_Unmodified (Spec_Entity (E));
2880
2881      else
2882         return Has_Unmodified (E);
2883      end if;
2884   end Has_Pragma_Unmodified_Check_Spec;
2885
2886   ----------------------------------------
2887   -- Has_Pragma_Unreferenced_Check_Spec --
2888   ----------------------------------------
2889
2890   function Has_Pragma_Unreferenced_Check_Spec
2891     (E : Entity_Id) return Boolean
2892   is
2893   begin
2894      if Is_Formal (E) and then Present (Spec_Entity (E)) then
2895
2896         --  Note: use of OR here instead of OR ELSE is deliberate, we want
2897         --  to mess with flags on both entities.
2898
2899         return Has_Unreferenced (E)
2900                  or
2901                Has_Unreferenced (Spec_Entity (E));
2902
2903      else
2904         return Has_Unreferenced (E);
2905      end if;
2906   end Has_Pragma_Unreferenced_Check_Spec;
2907
2908   ----------------
2909   -- Initialize --
2910   ----------------
2911
2912   procedure Initialize is
2913   begin
2914      Warnings_Off_Pragmas.Init;
2915      Unreferenced_Entities.Init;
2916      In_Out_Warnings.Init;
2917   end Initialize;
2918
2919   ---------------------------------------------
2920   -- Is_Attribute_And_Known_Value_Comparison --
2921   ---------------------------------------------
2922
2923   function Is_Attribute_And_Known_Value_Comparison
2924     (Op : Node_Id) return Boolean
2925   is
2926      Orig_Op : constant Node_Id := Original_Node (Op);
2927
2928   begin
2929      return
2930        Nkind (Orig_Op) in N_Op_Compare
2931          and then Nkind (Original_Node (Left_Opnd (Orig_Op))) =
2932                     N_Attribute_Reference
2933          and then Compile_Time_Known_Value (Right_Opnd (Orig_Op));
2934   end Is_Attribute_And_Known_Value_Comparison;
2935
2936   ------------------------------------
2937   -- Never_Set_In_Source_Check_Spec --
2938   ------------------------------------
2939
2940   function Never_Set_In_Source_Check_Spec (E : Entity_Id) return Boolean is
2941   begin
2942      if Is_Formal (E) and then Present (Spec_Entity (E)) then
2943         return Never_Set_In_Source (E)
2944                  and then
2945                Never_Set_In_Source (Spec_Entity (E));
2946      else
2947         return Never_Set_In_Source (E);
2948      end if;
2949   end Never_Set_In_Source_Check_Spec;
2950
2951   -------------------------------------
2952   -- Operand_Has_Warnings_Suppressed --
2953   -------------------------------------
2954
2955   function Operand_Has_Warnings_Suppressed (N : Node_Id) return Boolean is
2956
2957      function Check_For_Warnings (N : Node_Id) return Traverse_Result;
2958      --  Function used to check one node to see if it is or was originally
2959      --  a reference to an entity for which Warnings are off. If so, Abandon
2960      --  is returned, otherwise OK_Orig is returned to continue the traversal
2961      --  of the original expression.
2962
2963      function Traverse is new Traverse_Func (Check_For_Warnings);
2964      --  Function used to traverse tree looking for warnings
2965
2966      ------------------------
2967      -- Check_For_Warnings --
2968      ------------------------
2969
2970      function Check_For_Warnings (N : Node_Id) return Traverse_Result is
2971         R : constant Node_Id := Original_Node (N);
2972
2973      begin
2974         if Nkind (R) in N_Has_Entity
2975           and then Present (Entity (R))
2976           and then Has_Warnings_Off (Entity (R))
2977         then
2978            return Abandon;
2979         else
2980            return OK_Orig;
2981         end if;
2982      end Check_For_Warnings;
2983
2984   --  Start of processing for Operand_Has_Warnings_Suppressed
2985
2986   begin
2987      return Traverse (N) = Abandon;
2988
2989   --  If any exception occurs, then something has gone wrong, and this is
2990   --  only a minor aesthetic issue anyway, so just say we did not find what
2991   --  we are looking for, rather than blow up.
2992
2993   exception
2994      when others =>
2995         --  With debug flag K we will get an exception unless an error has
2996         --  already occurred (useful for debugging).
2997
2998         if Debug_Flag_K then
2999            Check_Error_Detected;
3000         end if;
3001
3002         return False;
3003   end Operand_Has_Warnings_Suppressed;
3004
3005   -----------------------------------------
3006   -- Output_Non_Modified_In_Out_Warnings --
3007   -----------------------------------------
3008
3009   procedure Output_Non_Modified_In_Out_Warnings is
3010
3011      function No_Warn_On_In_Out (E : Entity_Id) return Boolean;
3012      --  Given a formal parameter entity E, determines if there is a reason to
3013      --  suppress IN OUT warnings (not modified, could be IN) for formals of
3014      --  the subprogram. We suppress these warnings if Warnings Off is set, or
3015      --  if we have seen the address of the subprogram being taken, or if the
3016      --  subprogram is used as a generic actual (in the latter cases the
3017      --  context may force use of IN OUT, even if the parameter is not
3018      --  modifies for this particular case.
3019
3020      -----------------------
3021      -- No_Warn_On_In_Out --
3022      -----------------------
3023
3024      function No_Warn_On_In_Out (E : Entity_Id) return Boolean is
3025         S  : constant Entity_Id := Scope (E);
3026         SE : constant Entity_Id := Spec_Entity (E);
3027
3028      begin
3029         --  Do not warn if address is taken, since funny business may be going
3030         --  on in treating the parameter indirectly as IN OUT.
3031
3032         if Address_Taken (S)
3033           or else (Present (SE) and then Address_Taken (Scope (SE)))
3034         then
3035            return True;
3036
3037         --  Do not warn if used as a generic actual, since the generic may be
3038         --  what is forcing the use of an "unnecessary" IN OUT.
3039
3040         elsif Used_As_Generic_Actual (S)
3041           or else (Present (SE) and then Used_As_Generic_Actual (Scope (SE)))
3042         then
3043            return True;
3044
3045         --  Else test warnings off
3046
3047         elsif Warnings_Off_Check_Spec (S) then
3048            return True;
3049
3050         --  All tests for suppressing warning failed
3051
3052         else
3053            return False;
3054         end if;
3055      end No_Warn_On_In_Out;
3056
3057   --  Start of processing for Output_Non_Modified_In_Out_Warnings
3058
3059   begin
3060      --  Loop through entities for which a warning may be needed
3061
3062      for J in In_Out_Warnings.First .. In_Out_Warnings.Last loop
3063         declare
3064            E1 : constant Entity_Id := In_Out_Warnings.Table (J);
3065
3066         begin
3067            --  Suppress warning in specific cases (see details in comments for
3068            --  No_Warn_On_In_Out), or if there is a pragma Unmodified.
3069
3070            if Has_Pragma_Unmodified_Check_Spec (E1)
3071              or else No_Warn_On_In_Out (E1)
3072            then
3073               null;
3074
3075            --  Here we generate the warning
3076
3077            else
3078               --  If -gnatwk is set then output message that we could be IN
3079
3080               if not Is_Trivial_Subprogram (Scope (E1)) then
3081                  if Warn_On_Constant then
3082                     Error_Msg_N
3083                       ("?k?formal parameter & is not modified!", E1);
3084                     Error_Msg_N
3085                       ("\?k?mode could be IN instead of `IN OUT`!", E1);
3086
3087                     --  We do not generate warnings for IN OUT parameters
3088                     --  unless we have at least -gnatwu. This is deliberately
3089                     --  inconsistent with the treatment of variables, but
3090                     --  otherwise we get too many unexpected warnings in
3091                     --  default mode.
3092
3093                  elsif Check_Unreferenced then
3094                     Error_Msg_N
3095                       ("?u?formal parameter& is read but "
3096                        & "never assigned!", E1);
3097                  end if;
3098               end if;
3099
3100               --  Kill any other warnings on this entity, since this is the
3101               --  one that should dominate any other unreferenced warning.
3102
3103               Set_Warnings_Off (E1);
3104            end if;
3105         end;
3106      end loop;
3107   end Output_Non_Modified_In_Out_Warnings;
3108
3109   ----------------------------------------
3110   -- Output_Obsolescent_Entity_Warnings --
3111   ----------------------------------------
3112
3113   procedure Output_Obsolescent_Entity_Warnings (N : Node_Id; E : Entity_Id) is
3114      P : constant Node_Id := Parent (N);
3115      S : Entity_Id;
3116
3117   begin
3118      S := Current_Scope;
3119
3120      --  Do not output message if we are the scope of standard. This means
3121      --  we have a reference from a context clause from when it is originally
3122      --  processed, and that's too early to tell whether it is an obsolescent
3123      --  unit doing the with'ing. In Sem_Ch10.Analyze_Compilation_Unit we make
3124      --  sure that we have a later call when the scope is available. This test
3125      --  also eliminates all messages for use clauses, which is fine (we do
3126      --  not want messages for use clauses, since they are always redundant
3127      --  with respect to the associated with clause).
3128
3129      if S = Standard_Standard then
3130         return;
3131      end if;
3132
3133      --  Do not output message if we are in scope of an obsolescent package
3134      --  or subprogram.
3135
3136      loop
3137         if Is_Obsolescent (S) then
3138            return;
3139         end if;
3140
3141         S := Scope (S);
3142         exit when S = Standard_Standard;
3143      end loop;
3144
3145      --  Here we will output the message
3146
3147      Error_Msg_Sloc := Sloc (E);
3148
3149      --  Case of with clause
3150
3151      if Nkind (P) = N_With_Clause then
3152         if Ekind (E) = E_Package then
3153            Error_Msg_NE
3154              ("?j?with of obsolescent package& declared#", N, E);
3155         elsif Ekind (E) = E_Procedure then
3156            Error_Msg_NE
3157              ("?j?with of obsolescent procedure& declared#", N, E);
3158         else
3159            Error_Msg_NE
3160              ("??with of obsolescent function& declared#", N, E);
3161         end if;
3162
3163      --  If we do not have a with clause, then ignore any reference to an
3164      --  obsolescent package name. We only want to give the one warning of
3165      --  withing the package, not one each time it is used to qualify.
3166
3167      elsif Ekind (E) = E_Package then
3168         return;
3169
3170      --  Procedure call statement
3171
3172      elsif Nkind (P) = N_Procedure_Call_Statement then
3173         Error_Msg_NE
3174           ("??call to obsolescent procedure& declared#", N, E);
3175
3176      --  Function call
3177
3178      elsif Nkind (P) = N_Function_Call then
3179         Error_Msg_NE
3180           ("??call to obsolescent function& declared#", N, E);
3181
3182      --  Reference to obsolescent type
3183
3184      elsif Is_Type (E) then
3185         Error_Msg_NE
3186           ("??reference to obsolescent type& declared#", N, E);
3187
3188      --  Reference to obsolescent component
3189
3190      elsif Ekind (E) in E_Component | E_Discriminant then
3191         Error_Msg_NE
3192           ("??reference to obsolescent component& declared#", N, E);
3193
3194      --  Reference to obsolescent variable
3195
3196      elsif Ekind (E) = E_Variable then
3197         Error_Msg_NE
3198           ("??reference to obsolescent variable& declared#", N, E);
3199
3200      --  Reference to obsolescent constant
3201
3202      elsif Ekind (E) = E_Constant or else Ekind (E) in Named_Kind then
3203         Error_Msg_NE
3204           ("??reference to obsolescent constant& declared#", N, E);
3205
3206      --  Reference to obsolescent enumeration literal
3207
3208      elsif Ekind (E) = E_Enumeration_Literal then
3209         Error_Msg_NE
3210           ("??reference to obsolescent enumeration literal& declared#", N, E);
3211
3212      --  Generic message for any other case we missed
3213
3214      else
3215         Error_Msg_NE
3216           ("??reference to obsolescent entity& declared#", N, E);
3217      end if;
3218
3219      --  Output additional warning if present
3220
3221      for J in Obsolescent_Warnings.First .. Obsolescent_Warnings.Last loop
3222         if Obsolescent_Warnings.Table (J).Ent = E then
3223            String_To_Name_Buffer (Obsolescent_Warnings.Table (J).Msg);
3224            Error_Msg_Strlen := Name_Len;
3225            Error_Msg_String (1 .. Name_Len) := Name_Buffer (1 .. Name_Len);
3226            Error_Msg_N ("\\??~", N);
3227            exit;
3228         end if;
3229      end loop;
3230   end Output_Obsolescent_Entity_Warnings;
3231
3232   ----------------------------------
3233   -- Output_Unreferenced_Messages --
3234   ----------------------------------
3235
3236   procedure Output_Unreferenced_Messages is
3237   begin
3238      for J in Unreferenced_Entities.First .. Unreferenced_Entities.Last loop
3239         Warn_On_Unreferenced_Entity (Unreferenced_Entities.Table (J));
3240      end loop;
3241   end Output_Unreferenced_Messages;
3242
3243   -----------------------------------------
3244   -- Output_Unused_Warnings_Off_Warnings --
3245   -----------------------------------------
3246
3247   procedure Output_Unused_Warnings_Off_Warnings is
3248   begin
3249      for J in Warnings_Off_Pragmas.First .. Warnings_Off_Pragmas.Last loop
3250         declare
3251            Wentry : Warnings_Off_Entry renames Warnings_Off_Pragmas.Table (J);
3252            N      : Node_Id renames Wentry.N;
3253            E      : Node_Id renames Wentry.E;
3254
3255         begin
3256            --  Turn off Warnings_Off, or we won't get the warning
3257
3258            Set_Warnings_Off (E, False);
3259
3260            --  Nothing to do if pragma was used to suppress a general warning
3261
3262            if Warnings_Off_Used (E) then
3263               null;
3264
3265            --  If pragma was used both in unmodified and unreferenced contexts
3266            --  then that's as good as the general case, no warning.
3267
3268            elsif Warnings_Off_Used_Unmodified (E)
3269                    and
3270                  Warnings_Off_Used_Unreferenced (E)
3271            then
3272               null;
3273
3274            --  Used only in context where Unmodified would have worked
3275
3276            elsif Warnings_Off_Used_Unmodified (E) then
3277               Error_Msg_NE
3278                 ("?W?could use Unmodified instead of "
3279                  & "Warnings Off for &", Pragma_Identifier (N), E);
3280
3281            --  Used only in context where Unreferenced would have worked
3282
3283            elsif Warnings_Off_Used_Unreferenced (E) then
3284               Error_Msg_NE
3285                 ("?W?could use Unreferenced instead of "
3286                  & "Warnings Off for &", Pragma_Identifier (N), E);
3287
3288            --  Not used at all
3289
3290            else
3291               Error_Msg_NE
3292                 ("?W?pragma Warnings Off for & unused, "
3293                  & "could be omitted", N, E);
3294            end if;
3295         end;
3296      end loop;
3297   end Output_Unused_Warnings_Off_Warnings;
3298
3299   ---------------------------
3300   -- Referenced_Check_Spec --
3301   ---------------------------
3302
3303   function Referenced_Check_Spec (E : Entity_Id) return Boolean is
3304   begin
3305      if Is_Formal (E) and then Present (Spec_Entity (E)) then
3306         return Referenced (E) or else Referenced (Spec_Entity (E));
3307      else
3308         return Referenced (E);
3309      end if;
3310   end Referenced_Check_Spec;
3311
3312   ----------------------------------
3313   -- Referenced_As_LHS_Check_Spec --
3314   ----------------------------------
3315
3316   function Referenced_As_LHS_Check_Spec (E : Entity_Id) return Boolean is
3317   begin
3318      if Is_Formal (E) and then Present (Spec_Entity (E)) then
3319         return Referenced_As_LHS (E)
3320           or else Referenced_As_LHS (Spec_Entity (E));
3321      else
3322         return Referenced_As_LHS (E);
3323      end if;
3324   end Referenced_As_LHS_Check_Spec;
3325
3326   --------------------------------------------
3327   -- Referenced_As_Out_Parameter_Check_Spec --
3328   --------------------------------------------
3329
3330   function Referenced_As_Out_Parameter_Check_Spec
3331     (E : Entity_Id) return Boolean
3332   is
3333   begin
3334      if Is_Formal (E) and then Present (Spec_Entity (E)) then
3335         return Referenced_As_Out_Parameter (E)
3336           or else Referenced_As_Out_Parameter (Spec_Entity (E));
3337      else
3338         return Referenced_As_Out_Parameter (E);
3339      end if;
3340   end Referenced_As_Out_Parameter_Check_Spec;
3341
3342   --------------------------------------
3343   -- Warn_On_Constant_Valid_Condition --
3344   --------------------------------------
3345
3346   procedure Warn_On_Constant_Valid_Condition (Op : Node_Id) is
3347      Left  : constant Node_Id := Left_Opnd  (Op);
3348      Right : constant Node_Id := Right_Opnd (Op);
3349
3350      True_Result  : Boolean;
3351      False_Result : Boolean;
3352
3353   begin
3354      --  Determine the potential outcome of the comparison assuming that the
3355      --  scalar operands are valid.
3356
3357      if Constant_Condition_Warnings
3358        and then Comes_From_Source (Original_Node (Op))
3359        and then Is_Scalar_Type (Etype (Left))
3360        and then Is_Scalar_Type (Etype (Right))
3361
3362        --  Do not consider instances because the check was already performed
3363        --  in the generic.
3364
3365        and then not In_Instance
3366
3367        --  Do not consider comparisons between two static expressions such as
3368        --  constants or literals because those values cannot be invalidated.
3369
3370        and then not (Is_Static_Expression (Left)
3371                       and then Is_Static_Expression (Right))
3372
3373        --  Do not consider comparison between an attribute reference and a
3374        --  compile-time known value since this is most likely a conditional
3375        --  compilation.
3376
3377        and then not Is_Attribute_And_Known_Value_Comparison (Op)
3378
3379        --  Do not consider internal files to allow for various assertions and
3380        --  safeguards within our runtime.
3381
3382        and then not In_Internal_Unit (Op)
3383      then
3384         Test_Comparison
3385           (Op           => Op,
3386            Assume_Valid => True,
3387            True_Result  => True_Result,
3388            False_Result => False_Result);
3389
3390         --  Warn on a possible evaluation to False / True in the presence of
3391         --  invalid values.
3392
3393         if True_Result then
3394            Error_Msg_N
3395              ("condition can only be False if invalid values present?c?", Op);
3396
3397         elsif False_Result then
3398            Error_Msg_N
3399              ("condition can only be True if invalid values present?c?", Op);
3400         end if;
3401      end if;
3402   end Warn_On_Constant_Valid_Condition;
3403
3404   -----------------------------
3405   -- Warn_On_Known_Condition --
3406   -----------------------------
3407
3408   procedure Warn_On_Known_Condition (C : Node_Id) is
3409      Test_Result : Boolean := False;
3410      --  Force initialization to facilitate static analysis
3411
3412      function Is_Known_Branch return Boolean;
3413      --  If the type of the condition is Boolean, the constant value of the
3414      --  condition is a boolean literal. If the type is a derived boolean
3415      --  type, the constant is wrapped in a type conversion of the derived
3416      --  literal. If the value of the condition is not a literal, no warnings
3417      --  can be produced. This function returns True if the result can be
3418      --  determined, and Test_Result is set True/False accordingly. Otherwise
3419      --  False is returned, and Test_Result is unchanged.
3420
3421      procedure Track (N : Node_Id; Loc : Node_Id);
3422      --  Adds continuation warning(s) pointing to reason (assignment or test)
3423      --  for the operand of the conditional having a known value (or at least
3424      --  enough is known about the value to issue the warning). N is the node
3425      --  which is judged to have a known value. Loc is the warning location.
3426
3427      ---------------------
3428      -- Is_Known_Branch --
3429      ---------------------
3430
3431      function Is_Known_Branch return Boolean is
3432      begin
3433         if Etype (C) = Standard_Boolean
3434           and then Is_Entity_Name (C)
3435           and then
3436             (Entity (C) = Standard_False or else Entity (C) = Standard_True)
3437         then
3438            Test_Result := Entity (C) = Standard_True;
3439            return True;
3440
3441         elsif Is_Boolean_Type (Etype (C))
3442           and then Nkind (C) = N_Unchecked_Type_Conversion
3443           and then Is_Entity_Name (Expression (C))
3444           and then Ekind (Entity (Expression (C))) = E_Enumeration_Literal
3445         then
3446            Test_Result :=
3447              Chars (Entity (Expression (C))) = Chars (Standard_True);
3448            return True;
3449
3450         else
3451            return False;
3452         end if;
3453      end Is_Known_Branch;
3454
3455      -----------
3456      -- Track --
3457      -----------
3458
3459      procedure Track (N : Node_Id; Loc : Node_Id) is
3460         Nod : constant Node_Id := Original_Node (N);
3461
3462      begin
3463         if Nkind (Nod) in N_Op_Compare then
3464            Track (Left_Opnd (Nod), Loc);
3465            Track (Right_Opnd (Nod), Loc);
3466
3467         elsif Is_Entity_Name (Nod) and then Is_Object (Entity (Nod)) then
3468            declare
3469               CV : constant Node_Id := Current_Value (Entity (Nod));
3470
3471            begin
3472               if Present (CV) then
3473                  Error_Msg_Sloc := Sloc (CV);
3474
3475                  if Nkind (CV) not in N_Subexpr then
3476                     Error_Msg_N ("\\??(see test #)", Loc);
3477
3478                  elsif Nkind (Parent (CV)) =
3479                          N_Case_Statement_Alternative
3480                  then
3481                     Error_Msg_N ("\\??(see case alternative #)", Loc);
3482
3483                  else
3484                     Error_Msg_N ("\\??(see assignment #)", Loc);
3485                  end if;
3486               end if;
3487            end;
3488         end if;
3489      end Track;
3490
3491      --  Local variables
3492
3493      Orig : constant Node_Id := Original_Node (C);
3494      P    : Node_Id;
3495
3496   --  Start of processing for Warn_On_Known_Condition
3497
3498   begin
3499      --  Adjust SCO condition if from source
3500
3501      if Generate_SCO
3502        and then Comes_From_Source (Orig)
3503        and then Is_Known_Branch
3504      then
3505         declare
3506            Atrue : Boolean;
3507
3508         begin
3509            Atrue := Test_Result;
3510
3511            if Present (Parent (C)) and then Nkind (Parent (C)) = N_Op_Not then
3512               Atrue := not Atrue;
3513            end if;
3514
3515            Set_SCO_Condition (Orig, Atrue);
3516         end;
3517      end if;
3518
3519      --  Argument replacement in an inlined body can make conditions static.
3520      --  Do not emit warnings in this case.
3521
3522      if In_Inlined_Body then
3523         return;
3524      end if;
3525
3526      if Constant_Condition_Warnings
3527        and then Is_Known_Branch
3528        and then Comes_From_Source (Orig)
3529        and then Nkind (Orig) in N_Has_Entity
3530        and then not In_Instance
3531      then
3532         --  Don't warn if comparison of result of attribute against a constant
3533         --  value, since this is likely legitimate conditional compilation.
3534
3535         if Is_Attribute_And_Known_Value_Comparison (C) then
3536            return;
3537         end if;
3538
3539         --  See if this is in a statement or a declaration
3540
3541         P := Parent (C);
3542         loop
3543            --  If tree is not attached, do not issue warning (this is very
3544            --  peculiar, and probably arises from some other error condition).
3545
3546            if No (P) then
3547               return;
3548
3549            --  If we are in a declaration, then no warning, since in practice
3550            --  conditionals in declarations are used for intended tests which
3551            --  may be known at compile time, e.g. things like
3552
3553            --    x : constant Integer := 2 + (Word'Size = 32);
3554
3555            --  And a warning is annoying in such cases
3556
3557            elsif Nkind (P) in N_Declaration
3558                    or else
3559                  Nkind (P) in N_Later_Decl_Item
3560            then
3561               return;
3562
3563            --  Don't warn in assert or check pragma, since presumably tests in
3564            --  such a context are very definitely intended, and might well be
3565            --  known at compile time. Note that we have to test the original
3566            --  node, since assert pragmas get rewritten at analysis time.
3567
3568            elsif Nkind (Original_Node (P)) = N_Pragma
3569              and then
3570                Pragma_Name_Unmapped (Original_Node (P))
3571                  in Name_Assert | Name_Check
3572            then
3573               return;
3574            end if;
3575
3576            exit when Is_Statement (P);
3577            P := Parent (P);
3578         end loop;
3579
3580         --  Here we issue the warning unless some sub-operand has warnings
3581         --  set off, in which case we suppress the warning for the node. If
3582         --  the original expression is an inequality, it has been expanded
3583         --  into a negation, and the value of the original expression is the
3584         --  negation of the equality. If the expression is an entity that
3585         --  appears within a negation, it is clearer to flag the negation
3586         --  itself, and report on its constant value.
3587
3588         if not Operand_Has_Warnings_Suppressed (C) then
3589            declare
3590               True_Branch : Boolean := Test_Result;
3591               Cond        : Node_Id := C;
3592
3593            begin
3594               if Present (Parent (C))
3595                 and then Nkind (Parent (C)) = N_Op_Not
3596               then
3597                  True_Branch := not True_Branch;
3598                  Cond := Parent (C);
3599               end if;
3600
3601               --  Condition always True
3602
3603               if True_Branch then
3604                  if Is_Entity_Name (Original_Node (C))
3605                    and then Nkind (Cond) /= N_Op_Not
3606                  then
3607                     Error_Msg_NE
3608                       ("object & is always True at this point?c?",
3609                        Cond, Original_Node (C));
3610                     Track (Original_Node (C), Cond);
3611
3612                  else
3613                     Error_Msg_N ("condition is always True?c?", Cond);
3614                     Track (Cond, Cond);
3615                  end if;
3616
3617               --  Condition always False
3618
3619               else
3620                  if Is_Entity_Name (Original_Node (C))
3621                    and then Nkind (Cond) /= N_Op_Not
3622                  then
3623                     Error_Msg_NE
3624                       ("object & is always False at this point?c?",
3625                        Cond, Original_Node (C));
3626                     Track (Original_Node (C), Cond);
3627
3628                  else
3629                     Error_Msg_N ("condition is always False?c?", Cond);
3630                     Track (Cond, Cond);
3631                  end if;
3632               end if;
3633            end;
3634         end if;
3635      end if;
3636   end Warn_On_Known_Condition;
3637
3638   ---------------------------------------
3639   -- Warn_On_Modified_As_Out_Parameter --
3640   ---------------------------------------
3641
3642   function Warn_On_Modified_As_Out_Parameter (E : Entity_Id) return Boolean is
3643   begin
3644      return
3645        (Warn_On_Modified_Unread and then Is_Only_Out_Parameter (E))
3646          or else Warn_On_All_Unread_Out_Parameters;
3647   end Warn_On_Modified_As_Out_Parameter;
3648
3649   ---------------------------------
3650   -- Warn_On_Overlapping_Actuals --
3651   ---------------------------------
3652
3653   procedure Warn_On_Overlapping_Actuals (Subp : Entity_Id; N : Node_Id) is
3654      function Refer_Same_Object
3655        (Act1 : Node_Id;
3656         Act2 : Node_Id) return Boolean;
3657      --  Two names are known to refer to the same object if the two names
3658      --  are known to denote the same object; or one of the names is a
3659      --  selected_component, indexed_component, or slice and its prefix is
3660      --  known to refer to the same object as the other name; or one of the
3661      --  two names statically denotes a renaming declaration whose renamed
3662      --  object_name is known to refer to the same object as the other name
3663      --  (RM 6.4.1(6.11/3))
3664
3665      -----------------------
3666      -- Refer_Same_Object --
3667      -----------------------
3668
3669      function Refer_Same_Object
3670        (Act1 : Node_Id;
3671         Act2 : Node_Id) return Boolean
3672      is
3673      begin
3674         return
3675           Denotes_Same_Object (Act1, Act2)
3676             or else Denotes_Same_Prefix (Act1, Act2);
3677      end Refer_Same_Object;
3678
3679      --  Local variables
3680
3681      Act1      : Node_Id;
3682      Act2      : Node_Id;
3683      Form1     : Entity_Id;
3684      Form2     : Entity_Id;
3685
3686   --  Start of processing for Warn_On_Overlapping_Actuals
3687
3688   begin
3689
3690      if Ada_Version < Ada_2012 and then not Warn_On_Overlap then
3691         return;
3692      end if;
3693
3694      --  Exclude calls rewritten as enumeration literals
3695
3696      if Nkind (N) not in N_Subprogram_Call
3697        and then Nkind (N) /= N_Entry_Call_Statement
3698      then
3699         return;
3700      end if;
3701
3702      --  If a call C has two or more parameters of mode in out or out that are
3703      --  of an elementary type, then the call is legal only if for each name
3704      --  N that is passed as a parameter of mode in out or out to the call C,
3705      --  there is no other name among the other parameters of mode in out or
3706      --  out to C that is known to denote the same object (RM 6.4.1(6.15/3))
3707      --  This has been clarified in AI12-0216 to indicate that the illegality
3708      --  only occurs if both formals are of an elementary type, because of the
3709      --  nondeterminism on the write-back of the corresponding actuals.
3710      --  Earlier versions of the language made it illegal if only one of the
3711      --  actuals was an elementary parameter that overlapped a composite
3712      --  actual, and both were writable.
3713
3714      --  If appropriate warning switch is set, we also report warnings on
3715      --  overlapping parameters that are composite types. Users find these
3716      --  warnings useful, and they are used in style guides.
3717
3718      --  It is also worthwhile to warn on overlaps of composite objects when
3719      --  only one of the formals is (in)-out. Note that the RM rule above is
3720      --  a legality rule. We choose to implement this check as a warning to
3721      --  avoid major incompatibilities with legacy code.
3722
3723      --  Note also that the rule in 6.4.1 (6.17/3), introduced by AI12-0324,
3724      --  is potentially more expensive to verify, and is not yet implemented.
3725
3726      Form1 := First_Formal (Subp);
3727      Act1  := First_Actual (N);
3728      while Present (Form1) and then Present (Act1) loop
3729         if Is_Generic_Type (Etype (Act1)) then
3730            return;
3731         end if;
3732
3733         --  One of the formals must be either (in)-out or composite.
3734         --  The other must be (in)-out.
3735
3736         if Is_Elementary_Type (Etype (Act1))
3737           and then Ekind (Form1) = E_In_Parameter
3738         then
3739            null;
3740
3741         else
3742            Form2 := Next_Formal (Form1);
3743            Act2  := Next_Actual (Act1);
3744            while Present (Form2) and then Present (Act2) loop
3745               if Refer_Same_Object (Act1, Act2) then
3746                  if Is_Generic_Type (Etype (Act2)) then
3747                     return;
3748                  end if;
3749
3750                  --  First case : two writable elementary parameters
3751                  --  that overlap.
3752
3753                  if (Is_Elementary_Type (Etype (Form1))
3754                    and then Is_Elementary_Type (Etype (Form2))
3755                    and then Ekind (Form1) /= E_In_Parameter
3756                    and then Ekind (Form2) /= E_In_Parameter)
3757
3758                  --  Second case : two composite parameters that overlap,
3759                  --  one of which is writable.
3760
3761                    or else (Is_Composite_Type (Etype (Form1))
3762                     and then Is_Composite_Type (Etype (Form2))
3763                     and then (Ekind (Form1) /= E_In_Parameter
3764                       or else Ekind (Form2) /= E_In_Parameter))
3765
3766                  --  Third case : an elementary writable parameter that
3767                  --  overlaps a composite one.
3768
3769                    or else (Is_Elementary_Type (Etype (Form1))
3770                     and then Ekind (Form1) /= E_In_Parameter
3771                     and then Is_Composite_Type (Etype (Form2)))
3772
3773                   or else (Is_Elementary_Type (Etype (Form2))
3774                     and then Ekind (Form2) /= E_In_Parameter
3775                     and then Is_Composite_Type (Etype (Form1)))
3776                  then
3777
3778                  --  Guard against previous errors
3779
3780                     if Error_Posted (N)
3781                       or else No (Etype (Act1))
3782                       or else No (Etype (Act2))
3783                     then
3784                        null;
3785
3786                     --  If the actual is a function call in prefix notation,
3787                     --  there is no real overlap.
3788
3789                     elsif Nkind (Act2) = N_Function_Call then
3790                        null;
3791
3792                     --  If type is explicitly not by-copy, assume that
3793                     --  aliasing is intended.
3794
3795                     elsif
3796                       Present (Underlying_Type (Etype (Form1)))
3797                         and then
3798                           (Is_By_Reference_Type
3799                             (Underlying_Type (Etype (Form1)))
3800                             or else
3801                               Convention (Underlying_Type (Etype (Form1))) =
3802                                            Convention_Ada_Pass_By_Reference)
3803                     then
3804                        null;
3805
3806                     --  Under Ada 2012 we only report warnings on overlapping
3807                     --  arrays and record types if switch is set.
3808
3809                     elsif Ada_Version >= Ada_2012
3810                       and then not Is_Elementary_Type (Etype (Form1))
3811                       and then not Warn_On_Overlap
3812                     then
3813                        null;
3814
3815                     --  Here we may need to issue overlap message
3816
3817                     else
3818                        Error_Msg_Warn :=
3819
3820                          --  Overlap checking is an error only in Ada 2012.
3821                          --  For earlier versions of Ada, this is a warning.
3822
3823                          Ada_Version < Ada_2012
3824
3825                          --  Overlap is only illegal in Ada 2012 in the case
3826                          --  of elementary types (passed by copy). For other
3827                          --  types we always have a warning in all versions.
3828                          --  This is clarified by AI12-0216.
3829
3830                          or else not
3831                           (Is_Elementary_Type (Etype (Form1))
3832                            and then Is_Elementary_Type (Etype (Form2)))
3833
3834                          --  debug flag -gnatd.E changes the error to a
3835                          --  warning even in Ada 2012 mode.
3836
3837                          or else Error_To_Warning;
3838
3839                        if Is_Elementary_Type (Etype (Act1))
3840                          and then Ekind (Form2) = E_In_Parameter
3841                        then
3842                           null;  --  No real aliasing
3843
3844                        elsif Is_Elementary_Type (Etype (Act2))
3845                          and then Ekind (Form2) = E_In_Parameter
3846                        then
3847                           null;  --  Ditto
3848
3849                        --  If the call was written in prefix notation, and
3850                        --  thus its prefix before rewriting was a selected
3851                        --  component, count only visible actuals in call.
3852
3853                        elsif Is_Entity_Name (First_Actual (N))
3854                          and then Nkind (Original_Node (N)) = Nkind (N)
3855                          and then Nkind (Name (Original_Node (N))) =
3856                                                        N_Selected_Component
3857                          and then
3858                            Is_Entity_Name (Prefix (Name (Original_Node (N))))
3859                          and then
3860                            Entity (Prefix (Name (Original_Node (N)))) =
3861                              Entity (First_Actual (N))
3862                        then
3863                           if Act1 = First_Actual (N) then
3864                              Error_Msg_FE
3865                                ("<I<`IN OUT` prefix overlaps with "
3866                                 & "actual for&", Act1, Form2);
3867
3868                           else
3869                              --  For greater clarity, give name of formal
3870
3871                              Error_Msg_Node_2 := Form2;
3872                              Error_Msg_FE
3873                                ("<I<writable actual for & overlaps with "
3874                                 & "actual for&", Act1, Form2);
3875                           end if;
3876
3877                        else
3878                           --  For greater clarity, give name of formal
3879
3880                           Error_Msg_Node_2 := Form2;
3881
3882                           --  This is one of the messages
3883
3884                           Error_Msg_FE
3885                             ("<I<writable actual for & overlaps with "
3886                              & "actual for&", Act1, Form1);
3887                        end if;
3888                     end if;
3889                  end if;
3890
3891                  return;
3892               end if;
3893
3894               Next_Formal (Form2);
3895               Next_Actual (Act2);
3896            end loop;
3897         end if;
3898
3899         Next_Formal (Form1);
3900         Next_Actual (Act1);
3901      end loop;
3902   end Warn_On_Overlapping_Actuals;
3903
3904   ------------------------------
3905   -- Warn_On_Suspicious_Index --
3906   ------------------------------
3907
3908   procedure Warn_On_Suspicious_Index (Name : Entity_Id; X : Node_Id) is
3909
3910      Low_Bound : Uint;
3911      --  Set to lower bound for a suspicious type
3912
3913      Ent : Entity_Id;
3914      --  Entity for array reference
3915
3916      Typ : Entity_Id;
3917      --  Array type
3918
3919      function Is_Suspicious_Type (Typ : Entity_Id) return Boolean;
3920      --  Tests to see if Typ is a type for which we may have a suspicious
3921      --  index, namely an unconstrained array type, whose lower bound is
3922      --  either zero or one. If so, True is returned, and Low_Bound is set
3923      --  to this lower bound. If not, False is returned, and Low_Bound is
3924      --  undefined on return.
3925      --
3926      --  For now, we limit this to standard string types, so any other
3927      --  unconstrained types return False. We may change our minds on this
3928      --  later on, but strings seem the most important case.
3929
3930      procedure Test_Suspicious_Index;
3931      --  Test if index is of suspicious type and if so, generate warning
3932
3933      ------------------------
3934      -- Is_Suspicious_Type --
3935      ------------------------
3936
3937      function Is_Suspicious_Type (Typ : Entity_Id) return Boolean is
3938         LB : Node_Id;
3939
3940      begin
3941         if Is_Array_Type (Typ)
3942           and then not Is_Constrained (Typ)
3943           and then Number_Dimensions (Typ) = 1
3944           and then Is_Standard_String_Type (Typ)
3945           and then not Has_Warnings_Off (Typ)
3946         then
3947            LB := Type_Low_Bound (Etype (First_Index (Typ)));
3948
3949            if Compile_Time_Known_Value (LB) then
3950               Low_Bound := Expr_Value (LB);
3951               return Low_Bound = Uint_0 or else Low_Bound = Uint_1;
3952            end if;
3953         end if;
3954
3955         return False;
3956      end Is_Suspicious_Type;
3957
3958      ---------------------------
3959      -- Test_Suspicious_Index --
3960      ---------------------------
3961
3962      procedure Test_Suspicious_Index is
3963
3964         function Length_Reference (N : Node_Id) return Boolean;
3965         --  Check if node N is of the form Name'Length
3966
3967         procedure Warn1;
3968         --  Generate first warning line
3969
3970         procedure Warn_On_Index_Below_Lower_Bound;
3971         --  Generate a warning on indexing the array with a literal value
3972         --  below the lower bound of the index type.
3973
3974         procedure Warn_On_Literal_Index;
3975         --  Generate a warning on indexing the array with a literal value
3976
3977         ----------------------
3978         -- Length_Reference --
3979         ----------------------
3980
3981         function Length_Reference (N : Node_Id) return Boolean is
3982            R : constant Node_Id := Original_Node (N);
3983         begin
3984            return
3985              Nkind (R) = N_Attribute_Reference
3986                and then Attribute_Name (R) = Name_Length
3987                and then Is_Entity_Name (Prefix (R))
3988                and then Entity (Prefix (R)) = Ent;
3989         end Length_Reference;
3990
3991         -----------
3992         -- Warn1 --
3993         -----------
3994
3995         procedure Warn1 is
3996         begin
3997            Error_Msg_Uint_1 := Low_Bound;
3998            Error_Msg_FE -- CODEFIX
3999              ("?w?index for& may assume lower bound of^", X, Ent);
4000         end Warn1;
4001
4002         -------------------------------------
4003         -- Warn_On_Index_Below_Lower_Bound --
4004         -------------------------------------
4005
4006         procedure Warn_On_Index_Below_Lower_Bound is
4007         begin
4008            if Is_Standard_String_Type (Typ) then
4009               Discard_Node
4010                 (Compile_Time_Constraint_Error
4011                   (N   => X,
4012                    Msg => "?w?string index should be positive"));
4013            else
4014               Discard_Node
4015                 (Compile_Time_Constraint_Error
4016                   (N   => X,
4017                    Msg => "?w?index out of the allowed range"));
4018            end if;
4019         end Warn_On_Index_Below_Lower_Bound;
4020
4021         ---------------------------
4022         -- Warn_On_Literal_Index --
4023         ---------------------------
4024
4025         procedure Warn_On_Literal_Index is
4026         begin
4027            Warn1;
4028
4029            --  Case where original form of subscript is an integer literal
4030
4031            if Nkind (Original_Node (X)) = N_Integer_Literal then
4032               if Intval (X) = Low_Bound then
4033                  Error_Msg_FE -- CODEFIX
4034                    ("\?w?suggested replacement: `&''First`", X, Ent);
4035               else
4036                  Error_Msg_Uint_1 := Intval (X) - Low_Bound;
4037                  Error_Msg_FE -- CODEFIX
4038                    ("\?w?suggested replacement: `&''First + ^`", X, Ent);
4039
4040               end if;
4041
4042            --  Case where original form of subscript is more complex
4043
4044            else
4045               --  Build string X'First - 1 + expression where the expression
4046               --  is the original subscript. If the expression starts with "1
4047               --  + ", then the "- 1 + 1" is elided.
4048
4049               Error_Msg_String (1 .. 13) := "'First - 1 + ";
4050               Error_Msg_Strlen := 13;
4051
4052               declare
4053                  Sref : Source_Ptr := Sloc (First_Node (Original_Node (X)));
4054                  Tref : constant Source_Buffer_Ptr :=
4055                           Source_Text (Get_Source_File_Index (Sref));
4056                  --  Tref (Sref) is used to scan the subscript
4057
4058                  Pctr : Natural;
4059                  --  Parentheses counter when scanning subscript
4060
4061               begin
4062                  --  Tref (Sref) points to start of subscript
4063
4064                  --  Elide - 1 if subscript starts with 1 +
4065
4066                  if Tref (Sref .. Sref + 2) = "1 +" then
4067                     Error_Msg_Strlen := Error_Msg_Strlen - 6;
4068                     Sref := Sref + 2;
4069
4070                  elsif Tref (Sref .. Sref + 1) = "1+" then
4071                     Error_Msg_Strlen := Error_Msg_Strlen - 6;
4072                     Sref := Sref + 1;
4073                  end if;
4074
4075                  --  Now we will copy the subscript to the string buffer
4076
4077                  Pctr := 0;
4078                  loop
4079                     --  Count parens, exit if terminating right paren. Note
4080                     --  check to ignore paren appearing as character literal.
4081
4082                     if Tref (Sref + 1) = '''
4083                          and then
4084                        Tref (Sref - 1) = '''
4085                     then
4086                        null;
4087                     else
4088                        if Tref (Sref) = '(' then
4089                           Pctr := Pctr + 1;
4090                        elsif Tref (Sref) = ')' then
4091                           exit when Pctr = 0;
4092                           Pctr := Pctr - 1;
4093                        end if;
4094                     end if;
4095
4096                     --  Done if terminating double dot (slice case)
4097
4098                     exit when Pctr = 0
4099                       and then (Tref (Sref .. Sref + 1) = ".."
4100                                   or else
4101                                 Tref (Sref .. Sref + 2) = " ..");
4102
4103                     --  Quit if we have hit EOF character, something wrong
4104
4105                     if Tref (Sref) = EOF then
4106                        return;
4107                     end if;
4108
4109                     --  String literals are too much of a pain to handle
4110
4111                     if Tref (Sref) = '"' or else Tref (Sref) = '%' then
4112                        return;
4113                     end if;
4114
4115                     --  If we have a 'Range reference, then this is a case
4116                     --  where we cannot easily give a replacement. Don't try.
4117
4118                     if Tref (Sref .. Sref + 4) = "range"
4119                       and then Tref (Sref - 1) < 'A'
4120                       and then Tref (Sref + 5) < 'A'
4121                     then
4122                        return;
4123                     end if;
4124
4125                     --  Else store next character
4126
4127                     Error_Msg_Strlen := Error_Msg_Strlen + 1;
4128                     Error_Msg_String (Error_Msg_Strlen) := Tref (Sref);
4129                     Sref := Sref + 1;
4130
4131                     --  If we get more than 40 characters then the expression
4132                     --  is too long to copy, or something has gone wrong. In
4133                     --  either case, just skip the attempt at a suggested fix.
4134
4135                     if Error_Msg_Strlen > 40 then
4136                        return;
4137                     end if;
4138                  end loop;
4139               end;
4140
4141               --  Replacement subscript is now in string buffer
4142
4143               Error_Msg_FE -- CODEFIX
4144                 ("\?w?suggested replacement: `&~`", Original_Node (X), Ent);
4145            end if;
4146         end Warn_On_Literal_Index;
4147
4148      --  Start of processing for Test_Suspicious_Index
4149
4150      begin
4151         --  Nothing to do if subscript does not come from source (we don't
4152         --  want to give garbage warnings on compiler expanded code, e.g. the
4153         --  loops generated for slice assignments. Such junk warnings would
4154         --  be placed on source constructs with no subscript in sight).
4155
4156         if not Comes_From_Source (Original_Node (X)) then
4157            return;
4158         end if;
4159
4160         --  Case where subscript is a constant integer
4161
4162         if Nkind (X) = N_Integer_Literal then
4163
4164            --  Case where subscript is lower than the lowest possible bound.
4165            --  This might be the case for example when programmers try to
4166            --  access a string at index 0, as they are used to in other
4167            --  programming languages like C.
4168
4169            if Intval (X) < Low_Bound then
4170               Warn_On_Index_Below_Lower_Bound;
4171            else
4172               Warn_On_Literal_Index;
4173            end if;
4174
4175         --  Case where subscript is of the form X'Length
4176
4177         elsif Length_Reference (X) then
4178            Warn1;
4179            Error_Msg_Node_2 := Ent;
4180            Error_Msg_FE
4181              ("\?w?suggest replacement of `&''Length` by `&''Last`",
4182               X, Ent);
4183
4184         --  Case where subscript is of the form X'Length - expression
4185
4186         elsif Nkind (X) = N_Op_Subtract
4187           and then Length_Reference (Left_Opnd (X))
4188         then
4189            Warn1;
4190            Error_Msg_Node_2 := Ent;
4191            Error_Msg_FE
4192              ("\?w?suggest replacement of `&''Length` by `&''Last`",
4193               Left_Opnd (X), Ent);
4194         end if;
4195      end Test_Suspicious_Index;
4196
4197   --  Start of processing for Warn_On_Suspicious_Index
4198
4199   begin
4200      --  Only process if warnings activated
4201
4202      if Warn_On_Assumed_Low_Bound then
4203
4204         --  Test if array is simple entity name
4205
4206         if Is_Entity_Name (Name) then
4207
4208            --  Test if array is parameter of unconstrained string type
4209
4210            Ent := Entity (Name);
4211            Typ := Etype (Ent);
4212
4213            if Is_Formal (Ent)
4214              and then Is_Suspicious_Type (Typ)
4215              and then not Low_Bound_Tested (Ent)
4216            then
4217               Test_Suspicious_Index;
4218            end if;
4219         end if;
4220      end if;
4221   end Warn_On_Suspicious_Index;
4222
4223   -------------------------------
4224   -- Warn_On_Suspicious_Update --
4225   -------------------------------
4226
4227   procedure Warn_On_Suspicious_Update (N : Node_Id) is
4228      Par : constant Node_Id := Parent (N);
4229      Arg : Node_Id;
4230
4231   begin
4232      --  Only process if warnings activated
4233
4234      if Warn_On_Suspicious_Contract then
4235         if Nkind (Par) in N_Op_Eq | N_Op_Ne then
4236            if N = Left_Opnd (Par) then
4237               Arg := Right_Opnd (Par);
4238            else
4239               Arg := Left_Opnd (Par);
4240            end if;
4241
4242            if Same_Object (Prefix (N), Arg) then
4243               if Nkind (Par) = N_Op_Eq then
4244                  Error_Msg_N
4245                    ("suspicious equality test with modified version of "
4246                     & "same object?T?", Par);
4247               else
4248                  Error_Msg_N
4249                    ("suspicious inequality test with modified version of "
4250                     & "same object?T?", Par);
4251               end if;
4252            end if;
4253         end if;
4254      end if;
4255   end Warn_On_Suspicious_Update;
4256
4257   --------------------------------------
4258   -- Warn_On_Unassigned_Out_Parameter --
4259   --------------------------------------
4260
4261   procedure Warn_On_Unassigned_Out_Parameter
4262     (Return_Node : Node_Id;
4263      Scope_Id    : Entity_Id)
4264   is
4265      Form  : Entity_Id;
4266      Form2 : Entity_Id;
4267
4268   begin
4269      --  Ignore if procedure or return statement does not come from source
4270
4271      if not Comes_From_Source (Scope_Id)
4272        or else not Comes_From_Source (Return_Node)
4273      then
4274         return;
4275      end if;
4276
4277      --  Loop through formals
4278
4279      Form := First_Formal (Scope_Id);
4280      while Present (Form) loop
4281
4282         --  We are only interested in OUT parameters that come from source
4283         --  and are never set in the source, and furthermore only in scalars
4284         --  since non-scalars generate too many false positives.
4285
4286         if Ekind (Form) = E_Out_Parameter
4287           and then Never_Set_In_Source_Check_Spec (Form)
4288           and then Is_Scalar_Type (Etype (Form))
4289           and then not Present (Unset_Reference (Form))
4290         then
4291            --  Before we issue the warning, an add ad hoc defence against the
4292            --  most common case of false positives with this warning which is
4293            --  the case where there is a Boolean OUT parameter that has been
4294            --  set, and whose meaning is "ignore the values of the other
4295            --  parameters". We can't of course reliably tell this case at
4296            --  compile time, but the following test kills a lot of false
4297            --  positives, without generating a significant number of false
4298            --  negatives (missed real warnings).
4299
4300            Form2 := First_Formal (Scope_Id);
4301            while Present (Form2) loop
4302               if Ekind (Form2) = E_Out_Parameter
4303                 and then Root_Type (Etype (Form2)) = Standard_Boolean
4304                 and then not Never_Set_In_Source_Check_Spec (Form2)
4305               then
4306                  return;
4307               end if;
4308
4309               Next_Formal (Form2);
4310            end loop;
4311
4312            --  Here all conditions are met, record possible unset reference
4313
4314            Set_Unset_Reference (Form, Return_Node);
4315         end if;
4316
4317         Next_Formal (Form);
4318      end loop;
4319   end Warn_On_Unassigned_Out_Parameter;
4320
4321   ---------------------------------
4322   -- Warn_On_Unreferenced_Entity --
4323   ---------------------------------
4324
4325   procedure Warn_On_Unreferenced_Entity
4326     (Spec_E : Entity_Id;
4327      Body_E : Entity_Id := Empty)
4328   is
4329      E : Entity_Id := Spec_E;
4330
4331   begin
4332      if not Referenced_Check_Spec (E)
4333        and then not Has_Pragma_Unreferenced_Check_Spec (E)
4334        and then not Warnings_Off_Check_Spec (E)
4335        and then not Has_Junk_Name (Spec_E)
4336        and then not Is_Exported (Spec_E)
4337      then
4338         case Ekind (E) is
4339            when E_Variable =>
4340
4341               --  Case of variable that is assigned but not read. We suppress
4342               --  the message if the variable is volatile, has an address
4343               --  clause, is aliased, or is a renaming, or is imported.
4344
4345               if Referenced_As_LHS_Check_Spec (E) then
4346                  if Warn_On_Modified_Unread
4347                    and then No (Address_Clause (E))
4348                    and then not Is_Volatile (E)
4349                    and then not Is_Imported (E)
4350                    and then not Is_Aliased (E)
4351                    and then No (Renamed_Object (E))
4352                  then
4353                     if not Has_Pragma_Unmodified_Check_Spec (E) then
4354                        Error_Msg_N -- CODEFIX
4355                          ("?m?variable & is assigned but never read!", E);
4356                     end if;
4357
4358                     Set_Last_Assignment (E, Empty);
4359                  end if;
4360
4361               --  Normal case of neither assigned nor read (exclude variables
4362               --  referenced as out parameters, since we already generated
4363               --  appropriate warnings at the call point in this case).
4364
4365               elsif not Referenced_As_Out_Parameter (E) then
4366
4367                  --  We suppress the message for types for which a valid
4368                  --  pragma Unreferenced_Objects has been given, otherwise
4369                  --  we go ahead and give the message.
4370
4371                  if not Has_Pragma_Unreferenced_Objects (Etype (E)) then
4372
4373                     --  Distinguish renamed case in message
4374
4375                     if Present (Renamed_Object (E))
4376                       and then Comes_From_Source (Renamed_Object (E))
4377                     then
4378                        Error_Msg_N -- CODEFIX
4379                          ("?u?renamed variable & is not referenced!", E);
4380                     else
4381                        Error_Msg_N -- CODEFIX
4382                          ("?u?variable & is not referenced!", E);
4383                     end if;
4384                  end if;
4385               end if;
4386
4387            when E_Constant =>
4388               if not Has_Pragma_Unreferenced_Objects (Etype (E)) then
4389                  if Present (Renamed_Object (E))
4390                    and then Comes_From_Source (Renamed_Object (E))
4391                  then
4392                     Error_Msg_N -- CODEFIX
4393                       ("?u?renamed constant & is not referenced!", E);
4394                  else
4395                     Error_Msg_N -- CODEFIX
4396                       ("?u?constant & is not referenced!", E);
4397                  end if;
4398               end if;
4399
4400            when E_In_Out_Parameter
4401               | E_In_Parameter
4402            =>
4403               --  Do not emit message for formals of a renaming, because they
4404               --  are never referenced explicitly.
4405
4406               if Nkind (Original_Node (Unit_Declaration_Node (Scope (E)))) /=
4407                                          N_Subprogram_Renaming_Declaration
4408               then
4409                  --  Suppress this message for an IN OUT parameter of a
4410                  --  non-scalar type, since it is normal to have only an
4411                  --  assignment in such a case.
4412
4413                  if Ekind (E) = E_In_Parameter
4414                    or else not Referenced_As_LHS_Check_Spec (E)
4415                    or else Is_Scalar_Type (Etype (E))
4416                  then
4417                     if Present (Body_E) then
4418                        E := Body_E;
4419                     end if;
4420
4421                     declare
4422                        S : Node_Id := Scope (E);
4423                     begin
4424                        if Ekind (S) = E_Subprogram_Body then
4425                           S := Parent (S);
4426
4427                           while Nkind (S) not in
4428                             N_Expression_Function             |
4429                             N_Subprogram_Body                 |
4430                             N_Subprogram_Renaming_Declaration |
4431                             N_Empty
4432                           loop
4433                              S := Parent (S);
4434                           end loop;
4435
4436                           if Present (S) then
4437                              S := Corresponding_Spec (S);
4438                           end if;
4439                        end if;
4440
4441                        --  Do not warn for dispatching operations, because
4442                        --  that causes too much noise. Also do not warn for
4443                        --  trivial subprograms (e.g. stubs).
4444
4445                        if (No (S) or else not Is_Dispatching_Operation (S))
4446                          and then not Is_Trivial_Subprogram (Scope (E))
4447                        then
4448                           Error_Msg_NE -- CODEFIX
4449                             ("?u?formal parameter & is not referenced!",
4450                              E, Spec_E);
4451                        end if;
4452                     end;
4453                  end if;
4454               end if;
4455
4456            when E_Out_Parameter =>
4457               null;
4458
4459            when E_Discriminant =>
4460               Error_Msg_N ("?u?discriminant & is not referenced!", E);
4461
4462            when E_Named_Integer
4463               | E_Named_Real
4464            =>
4465               Error_Msg_N -- CODEFIX
4466                 ("?u?named number & is not referenced!", E);
4467
4468            when Formal_Object_Kind =>
4469               Error_Msg_N -- CODEFIX
4470                 ("?u?formal object & is not referenced!", E);
4471
4472            when E_Enumeration_Literal =>
4473               Error_Msg_N -- CODEFIX
4474                 ("?u?literal & is not referenced!", E);
4475
4476            when E_Function =>
4477               Error_Msg_N -- CODEFIX
4478                 ("?u?function & is not referenced!", E);
4479
4480            when E_Procedure =>
4481               Error_Msg_N -- CODEFIX
4482                 ("?u?procedure & is not referenced!", E);
4483
4484            when E_Package =>
4485               Error_Msg_N -- CODEFIX
4486                 ("?u?package & is not referenced!", E);
4487
4488            when E_Exception =>
4489               Error_Msg_N -- CODEFIX
4490                 ("?u?exception & is not referenced!", E);
4491
4492            when E_Label =>
4493               Error_Msg_N -- CODEFIX
4494                 ("?u?label & is not referenced!", E);
4495
4496            when E_Generic_Procedure =>
4497               Error_Msg_N -- CODEFIX
4498                 ("?u?generic procedure & is never instantiated!", E);
4499
4500            when E_Generic_Function =>
4501               Error_Msg_N -- CODEFIX
4502                 ("?u?generic function & is never instantiated!", E);
4503
4504            when Type_Kind =>
4505               Error_Msg_N -- CODEFIX
4506                 ("?u?type & is not referenced!", E);
4507
4508            when others =>
4509               Error_Msg_N -- CODEFIX
4510                 ("?u?& is not referenced!", E);
4511         end case;
4512
4513         --  Kill warnings on the entity on which the message has been posted
4514         --  (nothing is posted on out parameters because back end might be
4515         --  able to uncover an uninitialized path, and warn accordingly).
4516
4517         if Ekind (E) /= E_Out_Parameter then
4518            Set_Warnings_Off (E);
4519         end if;
4520      end if;
4521   end Warn_On_Unreferenced_Entity;
4522
4523   --------------------------------
4524   -- Warn_On_Useless_Assignment --
4525   --------------------------------
4526
4527   procedure Warn_On_Useless_Assignment
4528     (Ent : Entity_Id;
4529      N   : Node_Id := Empty)
4530   is
4531      P    : Node_Id;
4532      X    : Node_Id;
4533
4534      function Check_Ref (N : Node_Id) return Traverse_Result;
4535      --  Used to instantiate Traverse_Func. Returns Abandon if a reference to
4536      --  the entity in question is found.
4537
4538      function Test_No_Refs is new Traverse_Func (Check_Ref);
4539
4540      ---------------
4541      -- Check_Ref --
4542      ---------------
4543
4544      function Check_Ref (N : Node_Id) return Traverse_Result is
4545      begin
4546         --  Check reference to our identifier. We use name equality here
4547         --  because the exception handlers have not yet been analyzed. This
4548         --  is not quite right, but it really does not matter that we fail
4549         --  to output the warning in some obscure cases of name clashes.
4550
4551         if Nkind (N) = N_Identifier and then Chars (N) = Chars (Ent) then
4552            return Abandon;
4553         else
4554            return OK;
4555         end if;
4556      end Check_Ref;
4557
4558   --  Start of processing for Warn_On_Useless_Assignment
4559
4560   begin
4561      --  Check if this is a case we want to warn on, a scalar or access
4562      --  variable with the last assignment field set, with warnings enabled,
4563      --  and which is not imported or exported. We also check that it is OK
4564      --  to capture the value. We are not going to capture any value, but
4565      --  the warning message depends on the same kind of conditions.
4566
4567      --  If the assignment appears as an out-parameter in a call within an
4568      --  expression function it may be detected twice: once when expression
4569      --  itself is analyzed, and once when the constructed body is analyzed.
4570      --  We don't want to emit a spurious warning in this case.
4571
4572      if Is_Assignable (Ent)
4573        and then not Is_Return_Object (Ent)
4574        and then Present (Last_Assignment (Ent))
4575        and then Last_Assignment (Ent) /= N
4576        and then not Is_Imported (Ent)
4577        and then not Is_Exported (Ent)
4578        and then Safe_To_Capture_Value (N, Ent)
4579        and then not Has_Pragma_Unreferenced_Check_Spec (Ent)
4580        and then not Has_Junk_Name (Ent)
4581      then
4582         --  Before we issue the message, check covering exception handlers.
4583         --  Search up tree for enclosing statement sequences and handlers.
4584
4585         P := Parent (Last_Assignment (Ent));
4586         while Present (P) loop
4587
4588            --  Something is really wrong if we don't find a handled statement
4589            --  sequence, so just suppress the warning.
4590
4591            if No (P) then
4592               Set_Last_Assignment (Ent, Empty);
4593               return;
4594
4595            --  When we hit a package/subprogram body, issue warning and exit
4596
4597            elsif Nkind (P) in N_Entry_Body
4598                             | N_Package_Body
4599                             | N_Subprogram_Body
4600                             | N_Task_Body
4601            then
4602               --  Case of assigned value never referenced
4603
4604               if No (N) then
4605                  declare
4606                     LA : constant Node_Id := Last_Assignment (Ent);
4607
4608                  begin
4609                     --  Don't give this for OUT and IN OUT formals, since
4610                     --  clearly caller may reference the assigned value. Also
4611                     --  never give such warnings for internal variables. In
4612                     --  either case, word the warning in a conditional way,
4613                     --  because in the case of a component of a controlled
4614                     --  type, the assigned value might be referenced in the
4615                     --  Finalize operation, so we can't make a definitive
4616                     --  statement that it's never referenced.
4617
4618                     if Ekind (Ent) = E_Variable
4619                       and then not Is_Internal_Name (Chars (Ent))
4620                     then
4621                        --  Give appropriate message, distinguishing between
4622                        --  assignment statements and out parameters.
4623
4624                        if Nkind (Parent (LA)) in N_Parameter_Association
4625                                                | N_Procedure_Call_Statement
4626                        then
4627                           Error_Msg_NE
4628                             ("?m?& modified by call, but value might not be "
4629                              & "referenced", LA, Ent);
4630
4631                        else
4632                           Error_Msg_NE -- CODEFIX
4633                             ("?m?possibly useless assignment to&, value "
4634                              & "might not be referenced!", LA, Ent);
4635                        end if;
4636                     end if;
4637                  end;
4638
4639               --  Case of assigned value overwritten
4640
4641               else
4642                  declare
4643                     LA : constant Node_Id := Last_Assignment (Ent);
4644
4645                  begin
4646                     Error_Msg_Sloc := Sloc (N);
4647
4648                     --  Give appropriate message, distinguishing between
4649                     --  assignment statements and out parameters.
4650
4651                     if Nkind (Parent (LA)) in N_Procedure_Call_Statement
4652                                             | N_Parameter_Association
4653                     then
4654                        Error_Msg_NE
4655                          ("?m?& modified by call, but value overwritten #!",
4656                           LA, Ent);
4657                     else
4658                        Error_Msg_NE -- CODEFIX
4659                          ("?m?useless assignment to&, value overwritten #!",
4660                           LA, Ent);
4661                     end if;
4662                  end;
4663               end if;
4664
4665               --  Clear last assignment indication and we are done
4666
4667               Set_Last_Assignment (Ent, Empty);
4668               return;
4669
4670            --  Enclosing handled sequence of statements
4671
4672            elsif Nkind (P) = N_Handled_Sequence_Of_Statements then
4673
4674               --  Check exception handlers present
4675
4676               if Present (Exception_Handlers (P)) then
4677
4678                  --  If we are not at the top level, we regard an inner
4679                  --  exception handler as a decisive indicator that we should
4680                  --  not generate the warning, since the variable in question
4681                  --  may be accessed after an exception in the outer block.
4682
4683                  if Nkind (Parent (P)) not in N_Entry_Body
4684                                             | N_Package_Body
4685                                             | N_Subprogram_Body
4686                                             | N_Task_Body
4687                  then
4688                     Set_Last_Assignment (Ent, Empty);
4689                     return;
4690
4691                     --  Otherwise we are at the outer level. An exception
4692                     --  handler is significant only if it references the
4693                     --  variable in question, or if the entity in question
4694                     --  is an OUT or IN OUT parameter, in which case
4695                     --  the caller can reference it after the exception
4696                     --  handler completes.
4697
4698                  else
4699                     if Is_Formal (Ent) then
4700                        Set_Last_Assignment (Ent, Empty);
4701                        return;
4702
4703                     else
4704                        X := First (Exception_Handlers (P));
4705                        while Present (X) loop
4706                           if Test_No_Refs (X) = Abandon then
4707                              Set_Last_Assignment (Ent, Empty);
4708                              return;
4709                           end if;
4710
4711                           Next (X);
4712                        end loop;
4713                     end if;
4714                  end if;
4715               end if;
4716            end if;
4717
4718            P := Parent (P);
4719         end loop;
4720      end if;
4721   end Warn_On_Useless_Assignment;
4722
4723   ---------------------------------
4724   -- Warn_On_Useless_Assignments --
4725   ---------------------------------
4726
4727   procedure Warn_On_Useless_Assignments (E : Entity_Id) is
4728      Ent : Entity_Id;
4729
4730   begin
4731      Process_Deferred_References;
4732
4733      if Warn_On_Modified_Unread
4734        and then In_Extended_Main_Source_Unit (E)
4735      then
4736         Ent := First_Entity (E);
4737         while Present (Ent) loop
4738            Warn_On_Useless_Assignment (Ent);
4739            Next_Entity (Ent);
4740         end loop;
4741      end if;
4742   end Warn_On_Useless_Assignments;
4743
4744   -----------------------------
4745   -- Warnings_Off_Check_Spec --
4746   -----------------------------
4747
4748   function Warnings_Off_Check_Spec (E : Entity_Id) return Boolean is
4749   begin
4750      if Is_Formal (E) and then Present (Spec_Entity (E)) then
4751
4752         --  Note: use of OR here instead of OR ELSE is deliberate, we want
4753         --  to mess with flags on both entities.
4754
4755         return Has_Warnings_Off (E)
4756                  or
4757                Has_Warnings_Off (Spec_Entity (E));
4758
4759      else
4760         return Has_Warnings_Off (E);
4761      end if;
4762   end Warnings_Off_Check_Spec;
4763
4764end Sem_Warn;
4765