findutils-4.8.0/find/util.c

/* util.c -- functions for initializing new tree elements, and other things.
   Copyright (C) 1990-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

   This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
   the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
   (at your option) any later version.

   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
   GNU General Public License for more details.

   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
   along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/

/* config.h must always come first. */
#include <config.h>

/* system headers. */
#include <assert.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/stat.h> /* for fstatat() */
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/utsname.h>

/* gnulib headers. */
#include "error.h"
#include "fdleak.h"
#include "progname.h"
#include "quotearg.h"
#include "save-cwd.h"
#include "timespec.h"
#include "xalloc.h"

/* find headers. */
#include "defs.h"
#include "die.h"
#include "dircallback.h"
#include "bugreports.h"
#include "system.h"


struct debug_option_assoc
{
  const char *name;
  int    val;
  const char *docstring;
};
static struct debug_option_assoc debugassoc[] =
  {
    { "exec", DebugExec, "Show diagnostic information relating to -exec, -execdir, -ok and -okdir" },
    { "opt",  DebugExpressionTree|DebugTreeOpt, "Show diagnostic information relating to optimisation" },
    { "rates", DebugSuccessRates, "Indicate how often each predicate succeeded" },
    { "search",DebugSearch, "Navigate the directory tree verbosely" },
    { "stat", DebugStat, "Trace calls to stat(2) and lstat(2)" },
    { "time", DebugTime, "Show diagnostic information relating to time-of-day and timestamp comparisons" },
    { "tree", DebugExpressionTree, "Display the expression tree" },

    { "all", DebugAll, "Set all of the debug flags (but help)" },
    { "help", DebugHelp, "Explain the various -D options" },
  };
#define N_DEBUGASSOC (sizeof(debugassoc)/sizeof(debugassoc[0]))


/* Add a primary of predicate type PRED_FUNC (described by ENTRY) to the predicate input list.

   Return a pointer to the predicate node just inserted.

   Fills in the following cells of the new predicate node:

   pred_func	    PRED_FUNC
   args(.str)	    NULL
   p_type	    PRIMARY_TYPE
   p_prec	    NO_PREC

   Other cells that need to be filled in are defaulted by
   get_new_pred_chk_op, which is used to ensure that the prior node is
   either not there at all (we are the very first node) or is an
   operator. */

struct predicate *
insert_primary_withpred (const struct parser_table *entry,
			 PRED_FUNC pred_func,
			 const char *arg)
{
  struct predicate *new_pred;

  new_pred = get_new_pred_chk_op (entry, arg);
  new_pred->pred_func = pred_func;
  new_pred->p_name = entry->parser_name;
  new_pred->args.str = NULL;
  new_pred->p_type = PRIMARY_TYPE;
  new_pred->p_prec = NO_PREC;
  return new_pred;
}

/* Add a primary described by ENTRY to the predicate input list.

   Return a pointer to the predicate node just inserted.

   Fills in the following cells of the new predicate node:

   pred_func	    PRED_FUNC
   args(.str)	    NULL
   p_type	    PRIMARY_TYPE
   p_prec	    NO_PREC

   Other cells that need to be filled in are defaulted by
   get_new_pred_chk_op, which is used to insure that the prior node is
   either not there at all (we are the very first node) or is an
   operator. */
struct predicate *
insert_primary (const struct parser_table *entry, const char *arg)
{
  assert (entry->pred_func != NULL);
  return insert_primary_withpred (entry, entry->pred_func, arg);
}

struct predicate *
insert_primary_noarg (const struct parser_table *entry)
{
  return insert_primary (entry, NULL);
}


static void
show_valid_debug_options (int full)
{
  size_t i;
  fputs (_("Valid arguments for -D:\n"), stdout);
  if (full)
    {
      for (i=0; i<N_DEBUGASSOC; ++i)
	{
	  fprintf (stdout, "%-10s %s\n",
		   debugassoc[i].name,
		   debugassoc[i].docstring);
	}
    }
  else
    {
      for (i=0; i<N_DEBUGASSOC; ++i)
	{
	  fprintf (stdout, "%s%s", (i>0 ? ", " : ""), debugassoc[i].name);
	}
    }
}

void
usage (int status)
{
  if (status != EXIT_SUCCESS)
    {
      fprintf (stderr, _("Try '%s --help' for more information.\n"), program_name);
      exit (status);
    }

#define HTL(t) fputs (t, stdout);

  fprintf (stdout, _("\
Usage: %s [-H] [-L] [-P] [-Olevel] [-D debugopts] [path...] [expression]\n"),
           program_name);

  HTL (_("\n\
default path is the current directory; default expression is -print\n\
expression may consist of: operators, options, tests, and actions:\n"));
  HTL (_("\
operators (decreasing precedence; -and is implicit where no others are given):\n\
      ( EXPR )   ! EXPR   -not EXPR   EXPR1 -a EXPR2   EXPR1 -and EXPR2\n\
      EXPR1 -o EXPR2   EXPR1 -or EXPR2   EXPR1 , EXPR2\n"));
  HTL (_("\
positional options (always true): -daystart -follow -regextype\n\n\
normal options (always true, specified before other expressions):\n\
      -depth --help -maxdepth LEVELS -mindepth LEVELS -mount -noleaf\n\
      --version -xdev -ignore_readdir_race -noignore_readdir_race\n"));
  HTL (_("\
tests (N can be +N or -N or N): -amin N -anewer FILE -atime N -cmin N\n\
      -cnewer FILE -ctime N -empty -false -fstype TYPE -gid N -group NAME\n\
      -ilname PATTERN -iname PATTERN -inum N -iwholename PATTERN -iregex PATTERN\n\
      -links N -lname PATTERN -mmin N -mtime N -name PATTERN -newer FILE"));
  HTL (_("\n\
      -nouser -nogroup -path PATTERN -perm [-/]MODE -regex PATTERN\n\
      -readable -writable -executable\n\
      -wholename PATTERN -size N[bcwkMG] -true -type [bcdpflsD] -uid N\n\
      -used N -user NAME -xtype [bcdpfls]"));
  HTL (_("\
      -context CONTEXT\n"));
  HTL (_("\n\
actions: -delete -print0 -printf FORMAT -fprintf FILE FORMAT -print \n\
      -fprint0 FILE -fprint FILE -ls -fls FILE -prune -quit\n\
      -exec COMMAND ; -exec COMMAND {} + -ok COMMAND ;\n\
      -execdir COMMAND ; -execdir COMMAND {} + -okdir COMMAND ;\n\
\n"));

  show_valid_debug_options (0);
  HTL (_("\n\
Use '-D help' for a description of the options, or see find(1)\n\
\n"));

  explain_how_to_report_bugs (stdout, program_name);
  exit (status);
}

void
set_stat_placeholders (struct stat *p)
{
  (void) p; /* silence warning for systems lacking these fields. */
#if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BIRTHTIME
  p->st_birthtime = 0;
#endif
#if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BIRTHTIMENSEC
  p->st_birthtimensec = 0;
#endif
#if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BIRTHTIMESPEC_TV_NSEC
  p->st_birthtimespec.tv_nsec = -1;
#endif
#if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BIRTHTIMESPEC_TV_SEC
  p->st_birthtimespec.tv_sec = 0;
#else
  /* Avoid pointless compiler warning about unused parameters if none of these
     macros are set to nonzero values. */
  (void) p;
#endif
}


/* Get the stat information for a file, if it is
 * not already known.  Returns 0 on success.
 */
int
get_statinfo (const char *pathname, const char *name, struct stat *p)
{
  /* Set markers in fields so we have a good idea if the implementation
   * didn't bother to set them (e.g., NetBSD st_birthtimespec for MS-DOS
   * files)
   */
  if (!state.have_stat)
    {
      set_stat_placeholders (p);
      if (0 == (*options.xstat) (name, p))
	{
	  if (00000 == p->st_mode)
	    {
	      /* Savannah bug #16378. */
	      error (0, 0, _("WARNING: file %s appears to have mode 0000"),
		     quotearg_n_style (0, options.err_quoting_style, name));
	      error_severity (1);
	    }
	}
      else
	{
	  if (!options.ignore_readdir_race || (errno != ENOENT) )
	    {
	      nonfatal_target_file_error (errno, pathname);
	    }
	  return -1;
	}
    }
  state.have_stat = true;
  state.have_type = true;
  state.type = p->st_mode;

  return 0;
}

/* Get the stat/type/inode information for a file, if it is not
 * already known.   Returns 0 on success (or if we did nothing).
 */
int
get_info (const char *pathname,
	  struct stat *p,
	  struct predicate *pred_ptr)
{
  bool todo = false;

  /* If we need the full stat info, or we need the type info but don't
   * already have it, stat the file now.
   */
  if (pred_ptr->need_stat)
    {
      todo = true;		/* need full stat info */
    }
  else if (pred_ptr->need_type && !state.have_type)
    {
      todo = true;		/* need to stat to get the type */
    }
  else if (pred_ptr->need_inum)
    {
      if (!p->st_ino)
	{
	  todo = true;		/* need to stat to get the inode number */
	}
      else if ((!state.have_type) || S_ISDIR(p->st_mode))
	{
	  /* For now we decide not to trust struct dirent.d_ino for
	   * directory entries that are subdirectories, in case this
	   * subdirectory is a mount point.  We also need to call a
	   * stat function if we don't have st_ino (i.e. it is zero).
	   */
	  todo = true;
	}
    }
  if (todo)
    {
      int result = get_statinfo (pathname, state.rel_pathname, p);
      if (result != 0)
	{
	  return -1;		/* failure. */
	}
      else
	{
	  /* Verify some postconditions.  We can't check st_mode for
	     non-zero-ness because of Savannah bug #16378 (which is
	     that broken NFS servers can return st_mode==0). */
	  if (pred_ptr->need_type)
	    {
	      assert (state.have_type);
	    }
	  if (pred_ptr->need_inum)
	    {
	      assert (p->st_ino);
	    }
	  return 0;		/* success. */
	}
    }
  else
    {
      return 0;			/* success; nothing to do. */
    }
}

/* Determine if we can use O_NOFOLLOW.
 */
#if defined O_NOFOLLOW
bool
check_nofollow (void)
{
  struct utsname uts;
  float  release;

  if (0 == O_NOFOLLOW)
    {
      return false;
    }

  if (0 == uname (&uts))
    {
      /* POSIX requires that atof ignores "unrecognised suffixes"; we specifically
       * want that behaviour. */
      double (*conversion)(const char*) = atof;  /* avoid sc_prohibit_atoi_atof check. */
      release = conversion (uts.release);

      if (0 == strcmp ("Linux", uts.sysname))
	{
	  /* Linux kernels 2.1.126 and earlier ignore the O_NOFOLLOW flag. */
	  return release >= 2.2f; /* close enough */
	}
      else if (0 == strcmp ("FreeBSD", uts.sysname))
	{
	  /* FreeBSD 3.0-CURRENT and later support it */
	  return release >= 3.1f;
	}
    }

  /* Well, O_NOFOLLOW was defined, so we'll try to use it. */
  return true;
}
#endif


static int
exec_cb (void *context)
{
  struct exec_val *execp = context;
  bc_do_exec (&execp->ctl, &execp->state);
  return 0;
}

static void
do_exec (struct exec_val *execp)
{
  run_in_dir (execp->wd_for_exec, exec_cb, execp);
  if (execp->wd_for_exec != initial_wd)
    {
      free_cwd (execp->wd_for_exec);
      free (execp->wd_for_exec);
      execp->wd_for_exec = NULL;
    }
}


/* Examine the predicate list for instances of -execdir or -okdir
 * which have been terminated with '+' (build argument list) rather
 * than ';' (singles only).  If there are any, run them (this will
 * have no effect if there are no arguments waiting).
 */
static void
do_complete_pending_execdirs (struct predicate *p)
{
  if (NULL == p)
    return;

  assert (state.execdirs_outstanding);

  do_complete_pending_execdirs (p->pred_left);

  if (pred_is (p, pred_execdir) || pred_is(p, pred_okdir))
    {
      /* It's an exec-family predicate.  p->args.exec_val is valid. */
      if (p->args.exec_vec.multiple)
	{
	  struct exec_val *execp = &p->args.exec_vec;

	  /* This one was terminated by '+' and so might have some
	   * left... Run it if necessary.
	   */
	  if (execp->state.todo)
	    {
	      /* There are not-yet-executed arguments. */
	      do_exec (execp);
	    }
	}
    }

  do_complete_pending_execdirs (p->pred_right);
}

void
complete_pending_execdirs (void)
{
  if (state.execdirs_outstanding)
    {
      do_complete_pending_execdirs (get_eval_tree());
      state.execdirs_outstanding = false;
    }
}


/* Examine the predicate list for instances of -exec which have been
 * terminated with '+' (build argument list) rather than ';' (singles
 * only).  If there are any, run them (this will have no effect if
 * there are no arguments waiting).
 */
void
complete_pending_execs (struct predicate *p)
{
  if (NULL == p)
    return;

  complete_pending_execs (p->pred_left);

  /* It's an exec-family predicate then p->args.exec_val is valid
   * and we can check it.
   */
  /* XXX: what about pred_ok() ? */
  if (pred_is (p, pred_exec) && p->args.exec_vec.multiple)
    {
      struct exec_val *execp = &p->args.exec_vec;

      /* This one was terminated by '+' and so might have some
       * left... Run it if necessary.  Set state.exit_status if
       * there are any problems.
       */
      if (execp->state.todo)
	{
	  /* There are not-yet-executed arguments. */
	  bc_do_exec (&execp->ctl, &execp->state);
	}
    }

  complete_pending_execs (p->pred_right);
}

void
record_initial_cwd (void)
{
  initial_wd = xmalloc (sizeof (*initial_wd));
  if (0 != save_cwd (initial_wd))
    {
      die (EXIT_FAILURE, errno,
	   _("Failed to save initial working directory%s%s"),
	   (initial_wd->desc < 0 && initial_wd->name) ? ": " : "",
	   (initial_wd->desc < 0 && initial_wd->name) ? initial_wd->name : "");
    }
}

static void
cleanup_initial_cwd (void)
{
  if (0 == restore_cwd (initial_wd))
    {
      free_cwd (initial_wd);
      free (initial_wd);
      initial_wd = NULL;
    }
  else
    {
      /* since we may already be in atexit, die with _exit(). */
      error (0, errno,
	     _("Failed to restore initial working directory%s%s"),
	     (initial_wd->desc < 0 && initial_wd->name) ? ": " : "",
	     (initial_wd->desc < 0 && initial_wd->name) ? initial_wd->name : "");
      _exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
}


static void
traverse_tree (struct predicate *tree,
			  void (*callback)(struct predicate*))
{
  if (tree->pred_left)
    traverse_tree (tree->pred_left, callback);

  callback (tree);

  if (tree->pred_right)
    traverse_tree (tree->pred_right, callback);
}

/* After sharefile_destroy is called, our output file
 * pointers will be dangling (fclose will already have
 * been called on them).  NULL these out.
 */
static void
undangle_file_pointers (struct predicate *p)
{
  if (pred_is (p, pred_fprint)
      || pred_is (p, pred_fprintf)
      || pred_is (p, pred_fls)
      || pred_is (p, pred_fprint0))
    {
      /* The file was already fclose()d by sharefile_destroy. */
      p->args.printf_vec.stream = NULL;
    }
}

/* Complete any outstanding commands.
 * Flush and close any open files.
 */
void
cleanup (void)
{
  struct predicate *eval_tree = get_eval_tree ();
  if (eval_tree)
    {
      traverse_tree (eval_tree, complete_pending_execs);
      complete_pending_execdirs ();
    }

  /* Close output files and NULL out references to them. */
  sharefile_destroy (state.shared_files);
  if (eval_tree)
    traverse_tree (eval_tree, undangle_file_pointers);

  cleanup_initial_cwd ();

  if (fd_leak_check_is_enabled ())
    {
      complain_about_leaky_fds ();
      forget_non_cloexec_fds ();
    }

  if (fflush (stdout) == EOF)
    nonfatal_nontarget_file_error (errno, "standard output");
}


static int
fallback_stat (const char *name, struct stat *p, int prev_rv)
{
  /* Our original stat() call failed.  Perhaps we can't follow a
   * symbolic link.  If that might be the problem, lstat() the link.
   * Otherwise, admit defeat.
   */
  switch (errno)
    {
    case ENOENT:
    case ENOTDIR:
      if (options.debug_options & DebugStat)
	fprintf(stderr, "fallback_stat(): stat(%s) failed; falling back on lstat()\n", name);
      return fstatat(state.cwd_dir_fd, name, p, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW);

    case EACCES:
    case EIO:
    case ELOOP:
    case ENAMETOOLONG:
#ifdef EOVERFLOW
    case EOVERFLOW:	    /* EOVERFLOW is not #defined on UNICOS. */
#endif
    default:
      return prev_rv;
    }
}


/* optionh_stat() implements the stat operation when the -H option is
 * in effect.
 *
 * If the item to be examined is a command-line argument, we follow
 * symbolic links.  If the stat() call fails on the command-line item,
 * we fall back on the properties of the symbolic link.
 *
 * If the item to be examined is not a command-line argument, we
 * examine the link itself.
 */
int
optionh_stat (const char *name, struct stat *p)
{
  if (AT_FDCWD != state.cwd_dir_fd)
    assert (state.cwd_dir_fd >= 0);
  set_stat_placeholders (p);
  if (0 == state.curdepth)
    {
      /* This file is from the command line; deference the link (if it
       * is a link).
       */
      int rv;
      rv = fstatat (state.cwd_dir_fd, name, p, 0);
      if (0 == rv)
	return 0;		/* success */
      else
	return fallback_stat (name, p, rv);
    }
  else
    {
      /* Not a file on the command line; do not dereference the link.
       */
      return fstatat (state.cwd_dir_fd, name, p, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW);
    }
}

/* optionl_stat() implements the stat operation when the -L option is
 * in effect.  That option makes us examine the thing the symbolic
 * link points to, not the symbolic link itself.
 */
int
optionl_stat(const char *name, struct stat *p)
{
  int rv;
  if (AT_FDCWD != state.cwd_dir_fd)
    assert (state.cwd_dir_fd >= 0);

  set_stat_placeholders (p);
  rv = fstatat (state.cwd_dir_fd, name, p, 0);
  if (0 == rv)
    return 0;			/* normal case. */
  else
    return fallback_stat (name, p, rv);
}

/* optionp_stat() implements the stat operation when the -P option is
 * in effect (this is also the default).  That option makes us examine
 * the symbolic link itself, not the thing it points to.
 */
int
optionp_stat (const char *name, struct stat *p)
{
  assert ((state.cwd_dir_fd >= 0) || (state.cwd_dir_fd==AT_FDCWD));
  set_stat_placeholders (p);
  return fstatat (state.cwd_dir_fd, name, p, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW);
}


static uintmax_t stat_count = 0u;

int
debug_stat (const char *file, struct stat *bufp)
{
  ++stat_count;
  fprintf (stderr, "debug_stat (%s)\n", file);

  switch (options.symlink_handling)
    {
    case SYMLINK_ALWAYS_DEREF:
      return optionl_stat (file, bufp);
    case SYMLINK_DEREF_ARGSONLY:
      return optionh_stat (file, bufp);
    case SYMLINK_NEVER_DEREF:
      return optionp_stat (file, bufp);
    }
  /*NOTREACHED*/
  assert (0);
  return -1;
}


bool
following_links(void)
{
  switch (options.symlink_handling)
    {
    case SYMLINK_ALWAYS_DEREF:
      return true;
    case SYMLINK_DEREF_ARGSONLY:
      return (state.curdepth == 0);
    case SYMLINK_NEVER_DEREF:
    default:
      return false;
    }
}


/* Take a "mode" indicator and fill in the files of 'state'.
 */
bool
digest_mode (mode_t *mode,
	     const char *pathname,
	     const char *name,
	     struct stat *pstat,
	     bool leaf)
{
  /* If we know the type of the directory entry, and it is not a
   * symbolic link, we may be able to avoid a stat() or lstat() call.
   */
  if (*mode)
    {
      if (S_ISLNK(*mode) && following_links())
	{
	  /* mode is wrong because we should have followed the symlink. */
	  if (get_statinfo (pathname, name, pstat) != 0)
	    return false;
	  *mode = state.type = pstat->st_mode;
	  state.have_type = true;
	}
      else
	{
	  state.have_type = true;
	  pstat->st_mode = state.type = *mode;
	}
    }
  else
    {
      /* Mode is not yet known; may have to stat the file unless we
       * can deduce that it is not a directory (which is all we need to
       * know at this stage)
       */
      if (leaf)
	{
	  state.have_stat = false;
	  state.have_type = false;
	  state.type = 0;
	}
      else
	{
	  if (get_statinfo (pathname, name, pstat) != 0)
	    return false;

	  /* If -L is in effect and we are dealing with a symlink,
	   * st_mode is the mode of the pointed-to file, while mode is
	   * the mode of the directory entry (S_IFLNK).  Hence now
	   * that we have the stat information, override "mode".
	   */
	  state.type = *mode = pstat->st_mode;
	  state.have_type = true;
	}
    }

  /* success. */
  return true;
}


/* Return true if there are no predicates with no_default_print in
   predicate list PRED, false if there are any.
   Returns true if default print should be performed */

bool
default_prints (struct predicate *pred)
{
  while (pred != NULL)
    {
      if (pred->no_default_print)
	return (false);
      pred = pred->pred_next;
    }
  return (true);
}

bool
looks_like_expression (const char *arg, bool leading)
{
  switch (arg[0])
    {
    case '-':
      if (arg[1])		/* "-foo" is an expression.  */
	return true;
      else
	return false;		/* Just "-" is a filename. */
      break;

    case ')':
    case ',':
      if (arg[1])
	return false;		/* )x and ,z are not expressions */
      else
	return !leading;	/* A leading ) or , is not either */

      /* ( and ! are part of an expression, but (2 and !foo are
       * filenames.
       */
    case '!':
    case '(':
      if (arg[1])
	return false;
      else
	return true;

    default:
      return false;
    }
}

static void
process_debug_options (char *arg)
{
  const char *p;
  char *token_context = NULL;
  const char delimiters[] = ",";
  bool empty = true;
  size_t i;

  p = strtok_r (arg, delimiters, &token_context);
  while (p)
    {
      empty = false;

      for (i=0; i<N_DEBUGASSOC; ++i)
	{
	  if (0 == strcmp (debugassoc[i].name, p))
	    {
	      options.debug_options |= debugassoc[i].val;
	      break;
	    }
	}
      if (i >= N_DEBUGASSOC)
	{
	  error (0, 0, _("Ignoring unrecognised debug flag %s"),
		 quotearg_n_style (0, options.err_quoting_style, arg));
	}
      p = strtok_r (NULL, delimiters, &token_context);
    }
  if (empty)
    {
      error (0, 0, _("Empty argument to the -D option."));
      usage (EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
  else if (options.debug_options & DebugHelp)
    {
      show_valid_debug_options (1);
      exit (EXIT_SUCCESS);
    }
}


static void
process_optimisation_option (const char *arg)
{
  if (0 == arg[0])
    {
      die (EXIT_FAILURE, 0,
	   _("The -O option must be immediately followed by a decimal integer"));
    }
  else
    {
      unsigned long opt_level;
      char *end;

      if (!isdigit ( (unsigned char) arg[0] ))
	{
	  die (EXIT_FAILURE, 0,
	       _("Please specify a decimal number immediately after -O"));
	}
      else
	{
	  int prev_errno = errno;
	  errno  = 0;

	  opt_level = strtoul (arg, &end, 10);
	  if ( (0==opt_level) && (end==arg) )
	    {
	      die (EXIT_FAILURE, 0,
		   _("Please specify a decimal number immediately after -O"));
	    }
	  else if (*end)
	    {
	      /* unwanted trailing characters. */
	      die (EXIT_FAILURE, 0, _("Invalid optimisation level %s"), arg);
	    }
	  else if ( (ULONG_MAX==opt_level) && errno)
	    {
	      die (EXIT_FAILURE, errno,
		   _("Invalid optimisation level %s"), arg);
	    }
	  else if (opt_level > USHRT_MAX)
	    {
	      /* tricky to test, as on some platforms USHORT_MAX and ULONG_MAX
	       * can have the same value, though this is unusual.
	       */
	      die (EXIT_FAILURE, 0,
		   _("Optimisation level %lu is too high.  "
		     "If you want to find files very quickly, "
		     "consider using GNU locate."),
		   opt_level);
	    }
	  else
	    {
	      options.optimisation_level = opt_level;
	      errno = prev_errno;
	    }
	}
    }
}

int
process_leading_options (int argc, char *argv[])
{
  int i, end_of_leading_options;

  for (i=1; (end_of_leading_options = i) < argc; ++i)
    {
      if (0 == strcmp ("-H", argv[i]))
	{
	  /* Meaning: dereference symbolic links on command line, but nowhere else. */
	  set_follow_state (SYMLINK_DEREF_ARGSONLY);
	}
      else if (0 == strcmp ("-L", argv[i]))
	{
	  /* Meaning: dereference all symbolic links. */
	  set_follow_state (SYMLINK_ALWAYS_DEREF);
	}
      else if (0 == strcmp ("-P", argv[i]))
	{
	  /* Meaning: never dereference symbolic links (default). */
	  set_follow_state (SYMLINK_NEVER_DEREF);
	}
      else if (0 == strcmp ("--", argv[i]))
	{
	  /* -- signifies the end of options. */
	  end_of_leading_options = i+1;	/* Next time start with the next option */
	  break;
	}
      else if (0 == strcmp ("-D", argv[i]))
	{
	  if (argc <= i+1)
	    {
	      error (0, 0, _("Missing argument after the -D option."));
	      usage (EXIT_FAILURE);
	    }
	  process_debug_options (argv[i+1]);
	  ++i;			/* skip the argument too. */
	}
      else if (0 == strncmp ("-O", argv[i], 2))
	{
	  process_optimisation_option (argv[i]+2);
	}
      else
	{
	  /* Hmm, must be one of
	   * (a) A path name
	   * (b) A predicate
	   */
	  end_of_leading_options = i; /* Next time start with this option */
	  break;
	}
    }
  return end_of_leading_options;
}

static struct timespec
now(void)
{
  struct timespec retval;
  struct timeval tv;
  time_t t;

  if (0 == gettimeofday (&tv, NULL))
    {
      retval.tv_sec  = tv.tv_sec;
      retval.tv_nsec = tv.tv_usec * 1000; /* convert unit from microseconds to nanoseconds */
      return retval;
    }
  t = time (NULL);
  assert (t != (time_t)-1);
  retval.tv_sec = t;
  retval.tv_nsec = 0;
  return retval;
}

void
set_option_defaults (struct options *p)
{
  if (getenv ("POSIXLY_CORRECT"))
    p->posixly_correct = true;
  else
    p->posixly_correct = false;

  /* We call check_nofollow() before setlocale() because the numbers
   * for which we check (in the results of uname) definitiely have "."
   * as the decimal point indicator even under locales for which that
   * is not normally true.   Hence atof would do the wrong thing
   * if we call it after setlocale().
   */
#ifdef O_NOFOLLOW
  p->open_nofollow_available = check_nofollow ();
#else
  p->open_nofollow_available = false;
#endif

  p->regex_options = RE_SYNTAX_EMACS;

  if (isatty (0))
    {
      p->warnings = true;
      p->literal_control_chars = false;
    }
  else
    {
      p->warnings = false;
      p->literal_control_chars = false; /* may change */
    }
  if (p->posixly_correct)
    {
      p->warnings = false;
    }

  p->do_dir_first = true;
  p->explicit_depth = false;
  p->maxdepth = p->mindepth = -1;

  p->start_time = now ();
  p->cur_day_start.tv_sec = p->start_time.tv_sec - DAYSECS;
  p->cur_day_start.tv_nsec = p->start_time.tv_nsec;

  p->full_days = false;
  p->stay_on_filesystem = false;
  p->ignore_readdir_race = false;

  if (p->posixly_correct)
    p->output_block_size = 512;
  else
    p->output_block_size = 1024;

  p->debug_options = 0uL;
  p->optimisation_level = 2;

  if (getenv ("FIND_BLOCK_SIZE"))
    {
      die (EXIT_FAILURE, 0,
	   _("The environment variable FIND_BLOCK_SIZE is not supported, "
	     "the only thing that affects the block size is the "
	     "POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable"));
    }

#if LEAF_OPTIMISATION
  /* The leaf optimisation is enabled. */
  p->no_leaf_check = false;
#else
  /* The leaf optimisation is disabled. */
  p->no_leaf_check = true;
#endif

  set_follow_state (SYMLINK_NEVER_DEREF); /* The default is equivalent to -P. */

  p->err_quoting_style = locale_quoting_style;
}


/* apply_predicate
 *
 */
bool
apply_predicate(const char *pathname, struct stat *stat_buf, struct predicate *p)
{
  ++p->perf.visits;

  if (p->need_stat || p->need_type || p->need_inum)
    {
      /* We may need a stat here. */
      if (get_info(pathname, stat_buf, p) != 0)
	    return false;
    }
  if ((p->pred_func)(pathname, stat_buf, p))
    {
      ++(p->perf.successes);
      return true;
    }
  else
    {
      return false;
    }
}


/* is_exec_in_local_dir
 *
 */
bool
is_exec_in_local_dir (const PRED_FUNC pred_func)
{
  return pred_execdir == pred_func || pred_okdir == pred_func;
}

/* safely_quote_err_filename
 *
 */
const char *
safely_quote_err_filename (int n, char const *arg)
{
  return quotearg_n_style (n, options.err_quoting_style, arg);
}

/* We have encountered an error which should affect the exit status.
 * This is normally used to change the exit status from 0 to 1.
 * However, if the exit status is already 2 for example, we don't want to
 * reduce it to 1.
 */
void
error_severity (int level)
{
  if (state.exit_status < level)
    state.exit_status = level;
}


/* report_file_err
 */
static void
report_file_err(int exitval, int errno_value,
		bool is_target_file, const char *name)
{
  /* It is important that the errno value is passed in as a function
   * argument before we call safely_quote_err_filename(), because otherwise
   * we might find that safely_quote_err_filename() changes errno.
   */
  if (!is_target_file || !state.already_issued_stat_error_msg)
    {
      error (exitval, errno_value, "%s", safely_quote_err_filename (0, name));
      error_severity (1);
    }
  if (is_target_file)
    {
      state.already_issued_stat_error_msg = true;
    }
}

/* nonfatal_target_file_error
 */
void
nonfatal_target_file_error (int errno_value, const char *name)
{
  report_file_err (0, errno_value, true, name);
}

/* fatal_target_file_error
 *
 * Report an error on a target file (i.e. a file we are searching).
 * Such errors are only reported once per searched file.
 *
 */
void
fatal_target_file_error(int errno_value, const char *name)
{
  report_file_err (1, errno_value, true, name);
  /*NOTREACHED*/
  abort ();
}

/* nonfatal_nontarget_file_error
 *
 */
void
nonfatal_nontarget_file_error (int errno_value, const char *name)
{
  report_file_err (0, errno_value, false, name);
}

/* fatal_nontarget_file_error
 *
 */
void
fatal_nontarget_file_error(int errno_value, const char *name)
{
  /* We're going to exit fatally, so make sure we always isssue the error
   * message, even if it will be duplicate.   Motivation: otherwise it may
   * not be clear what went wrong.
   */
  state.already_issued_stat_error_msg = false;
  report_file_err (1, errno_value, false, name);
  /*NOTREACHED*/
  abort ();
}