1See also @uref{http://www.dvdrhelp.com/glossary}. 2 3@table @acronym 4 5@item APS 6Access Point Sector 7 8@item CBR 9Constant Bit Rate. Used in MPEG-1's. 10 11@item CD 12Compact Disc 13 14@item CD-DA 15Compact Disc Digital Audio, described in the ``Red Book'' or ICE 16908. This commonly referred to as an audio @acronym{CD} and what most 17people think of when you play a @acronym{CD} as it was the first to 18use the @acronym{CD} medium. 19 20@item CD-ROM 21Compact Disc Read Only Memory or ``Yellow Book'' describe in Standards 22ISO/IEC 10149. The data stored on it can be either in the form of 23audio, computer or video files. 24 25@item CD-ROM Mode 1 and Mode2 26 27The Yellow Book specifies two types of tracks, Mode 1 and Mode 2. Mode 281 is used for computer data and text and has an extra error correction 29layer. Mode 2 is for audio and video data and has no extra correction 30layer. CD-ROM/XA An expansion of the CD-ROM Mode 2 format that allows 31both computer and audio/video to be mixed in the same track. 32 33@item CD XA 34CD-ROM EXtended Architecture. A modification to the CD-ROM 35specification that defines two new types of sectors. CD-ROM XA was 36developed jointly by Sony, Philips, and Microsoft, and announced in 37August 1988. Its specifications were published in an extension to the 38Yellow Book. CD-i, Photo CD, Video CD and CD-EXTRA have all 39subsequently been based on CD-ROM XA. 40 41CD-XA defines another way of formatting sectors on a CD-ROM, including 42headers in the sectors that describe the type (audio, video, data) and 43some additional info (markers, resolution in case of a video or audio 44sector, file numbers, etc). 45 46The data written on a CD-XA is consistent with and can be in ISO-9660 47file system format and therefore be readable by ISO-9660 file system 48translators. But also a CD-I player can also read CD-XA discs even if 49its own `Green Book' file system only resembles ISO 9660 and isn't 50fully compatible. 51 52@item CVD 53Chaoji VCD or China Video Disc @* 54@uref{http://www.dvdrhelp.com/forum/userguides/98177.php} 55 56@item DVD 57Digital Versatile Disc @uref{http://www.dvddemystified.com/dvdfaq.html} 58 59@item DVD-V 60@acronym{DVD} for Video. 61 62@item DVD-A 63@acronym{DVD} for Audio. 64 65@item Entry Point 66A starting point within an MPEG track including the beginning of the 67track. Video CD's can have multiple entry points inside a 68track. Logically this corresponds to a ``Chapter'' or ``Scene'' of a 69larger uninterruptable unit. 70 71One might think a CD MPEG ``track'' could serve this purpose with a 72collection of tracks making up a work or movie. Alas, the CD 73specification requires a ``track pregap'' space of 150 sectors before 74a track. These often appear as a time gaps when hardware players go 75between tracks; this doesn't happen switching between entries in a 76track because there in fact is no gap. 77 78Physically on the CD an entry is stored as an INDEX inside a track. 79 80@item FourCC 81 82A four character code that uniquely identifies a data stream 83format. Software will look up the FourCC code then look for the codec 84associated to the code for that code. This idea was used in the IFF 85multimedia format developed by Electronic Arts for the Amiga in the 86early 1980s. This file format was copied by Apple (who called it AIFF) 87and Microsoft (RIFF). @uref{http://www.fourcc.org/fcccodec.htm} 88 89@item FSF 90Free Software Foundation, @uref{http://www.fsf.org/} 91 92@item GNU 93@acronym{GNU} is not @acronym{UNIX}, @uref{http://www.gnu.org/} 94 95@item LOT 96List ID Offset Table. 97 98@item MPEG 99Movie Picture Experts Group @uref{http://mpeg.telecomitalialab.com}. 100Two sub formats used by Video CD's are MPEG-1 for VCD 1.0, 1.1 and 2.0 101and MPEG-2. For SVCD, and HQVCD. 102 103@item NTSC 104National Television Standards Committee. The NTSC is responsible for 105setting television and video standards in the United. States 106 107@item OGT 108Overlay Graphics & Text. A subtitle format devised by Philips. The 109format has subtitle meta-information before an interleaved bitmap of 4 110palette entries. Palette color 0 entries can be run-length encoded. 111 112A more detailed description of this format can be found in the 113documentation directory of VCDimager. 114 115@item LBA 116 117Logical Block Addressing. Mapped integer numbers from CD Red Book 118Addressing MSF. The starting sector is -150 and ending sector is 119449849, which correlates directly to MSF: 00:00:00 to 99:59:74. 120Because an LBA is a single number it is often easier to work with in 121programming than an MSF. 122 123@item LID 124List ID. A unit of playback control navigation inside a PSD. Numbering 125starts from 1. 126 127@item LSN 128 129Logical Sector Number. Mapped integer numbers from CD Red Book 130Addressing MSF. The starting sector is 0 and ending sector is 449699, 131which correlates to MSF: 00:00:00 to 99:59:74. Because an LSN is a 132single number it is often easier to work with in programming than an 133MSF. Because it starts at 0 rather than -150 as is the case of an LBA 134it can be represented as an unsigned value. 135 136@item PAL 137Phase Alternating Line, the dominant television standard in Europe. 138 139@item PEM 140Program End Marker. 141 142@item PBC 143Play-back Control. 144 145@item PSD 146Play Sequence Descriptor. A section of a Video CD related to playback 147control. Also the individual units inside that section. We start 148numbering from 0. See also LID. 149 150@item PVD 151Primary Volume Descriptor. A section of a Video CD. 152 153@item RIFF 154Resource Interchange File Format. A way to tag multimedia files 155developed by Microsoft. Inside a RIFF is a 4-letter character code 156(which fits nicely in a 32-bit word) for each type of object called 157@acronym{FOURCC}. This idea was taken Electronic Arts which used in 158Amigia's @acronym{IFF} (Interchange File Format) and copied by Apple in their 159@acronym{AIFF}. 160 161@item SIF 162Source Interchange Format. A video resolution standard. 163 164@item SPI 165Segment Play Items. 166 167@item SVCD 168Super @acronym{VCD} @uref{http://www.dvdrhelp.com/svcd} 169 170@item VBR 171Variable Bit Rate. Used in MPEG-2's 172 173@item Track 174 175A unit of data of a CD. The size of a track can vary; it can occupy 176the entire contents of the CD. Most CD standards however require that 177tracks have a 150 frame (or ``2 second'') lead-in gap. 178 179@item VCD 180Video @acronym{CD} @uref{http://www.dvdrhelp.com/vcd} 181 182@item XA 183See @acronym{CD XA} 184 185@item XML 186eXtensible Markup Language, @uref{http://www.w3.org/XML/}. 187 188@item XSVCD 189eXtended @acronym{SVCD}, @uref{http://www.dvdrhelp.com/xvcd.htm}. 190 191@item XVCD 192eXtended @acronym{VCD}, @uref{http://www.dvdrhelp.com/xvcd.htm}. 193 194@end table 195