1///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
2//
3// Copyright (c) 2015 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
4//
5// This code is licensed under the MIT License (MIT).
6//
7// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
8// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
9// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
10// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
11// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
12// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
13// THE SOFTWARE.
14//
15///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
16
17#ifndef GSL_MULTI_SPAN_H
18#define GSL_MULTI_SPAN_H
19
20#include <gsl/gsl_assert> // for Expects
21#include <gsl/gsl_byte>   // for byte
22#include <gsl/gsl_util>   // for narrow_cast
23
24#include <algorithm> // for transform, lexicographical_compare
25#include <array>     // for array
26#include <cstddef>          // for std::ptrdiff_t, size_t, nullptr_t
27#include <cstdint>          // for PTRDIFF_MAX
28#include <functional>       // for divides, multiplies, minus, negate, plus
29#include <initializer_list> // for initializer_list
30#include <iterator>         // for iterator, random_access_iterator_tag
31#include <limits>           // for numeric_limits
32#include <new>
33#include <numeric>
34#include <stdexcept>
35#include <string>      // for basic_string
36#include <type_traits> // for enable_if_t, remove_cv_t, is_same, is_co...
37#include <utility>
38
39#if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(__clang__)
40
41// turn off some warnings that are noisy about our Expects statements
42#pragma warning(push)
43#pragma warning(disable : 4127) // conditional expression is constant
44#pragma warning(disable : 4702) // unreachable code
45
46// Turn MSVC /analyze rules that generate too much noise. TODO: fix in the tool.
47#pragma warning(disable : 26495) // uninitalized member when constructor calls constructor
48#pragma warning(disable : 26473) // in some instantiations we cast to the same type
49#pragma warning(disable : 26490) // TODO: bug in parser - attributes and templates
50#pragma warning(disable : 26465) // TODO: bug - suppression does not work on template functions
51#pragma warning(disable : 4996)  // use of function or classes marked [[deprecated]]
52
53#if _MSC_VER < 1910
54#pragma push_macro("constexpr")
55#define constexpr /*constexpr*/
56
57#endif // _MSC_VER < 1910
58#endif // _MSC_VER
59
60#if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
61#pragma GCC diagnostic push
62#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
63#endif
64
65// GCC 7 does not like the signed unsigned missmatch (size_t std::ptrdiff_t)
66// While there is a conversion from signed to unsigned, it happens at
67// compiletime, so the compiler wouldn't have to warn indiscriminently, but
68// could check if the source value actually doesn't fit into the target type
69// and only warn in those cases.
70#if defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ > 6
71#pragma GCC diagnostic push
72#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wsign-conversion"
73#endif
74
75namespace gsl
76{
77
78/*
79** begin definitions of index and bounds
80*/
81namespace details
82{
83    template <typename SizeType>
84    struct [[deprecated]] SizeTypeTraits
85    {
86        static const SizeType max_value = std::numeric_limits<SizeType>::max();
87    };
88
89    template <typename... Ts>
90    class [[deprecated]] are_integral : public std::integral_constant<bool, true>
91    {
92    };
93
94    template <typename T, typename... Ts>
95    class [[deprecated]] are_integral<T, Ts...>
96        : public std::integral_constant<bool,
97                                        std::is_integral<T>::value && are_integral<Ts...>::value>
98    {
99    };
100} // namespace details
101
102template <std::size_t Rank>
103class [[deprecated]] multi_span_index final {
104    static_assert(Rank > 0, "Rank must be greater than 0!");
105
106    template <std::size_t OtherRank>
107    friend class multi_span_index;
108
109public:
110    static const std::size_t rank = Rank;
111    using value_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
112    using size_type = value_type;
113    using reference = std::add_lvalue_reference_t<value_type>;
114    using const_reference = std::add_lvalue_reference_t<std::add_const_t<value_type>>;
115
116    constexpr multi_span_index() noexcept {}
117
118    constexpr multi_span_index(const value_type(&values)[Rank]) noexcept
119    {
120        GSL_SUPPRESS(bounds.1) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
121        GSL_SUPPRESS(bounds.3) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
122        std::copy(values, values + Rank, elems);
123    }
124
125    template <typename... Ts, typename = std::enable_if_t<(sizeof...(Ts) == Rank) &&
126                                                          details::are_integral<Ts...>::value>>
127    constexpr multi_span_index(Ts... ds) noexcept : elems{narrow_cast<value_type>(ds)...}
128    {}
129
130    constexpr multi_span_index(const multi_span_index& other) noexcept = default;
131
132    constexpr multi_span_index& operator=(const multi_span_index& rhs) noexcept = default;
133
134    // Preconditions: component_idx < rank
135    GSL_SUPPRESS(bounds.2) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
136    GSL_SUPPRESS(bounds.4) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
137    constexpr reference operator[](std::size_t component_idx)
138    {
139        Expects(component_idx < Rank); // Component index must be less than rank
140        return elems[component_idx];
141    }
142
143    // Preconditions: component_idx < rank
144    GSL_SUPPRESS(bounds.2) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
145    GSL_SUPPRESS(bounds.4) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
146    constexpr const_reference operator[](std::size_t component_idx) const
147    {
148        Expects(component_idx < Rank); // Component index must be less than rank
149        return elems[component_idx];
150    }
151
152    GSL_SUPPRESS(bounds.1) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
153    GSL_SUPPRESS(bounds.3) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
154    constexpr bool operator==(const multi_span_index& rhs) const
155    {
156        return std::equal(elems, elems + rank, rhs.elems);
157    }
158
159    constexpr bool operator!=(const multi_span_index& rhs) const { return !(*this == rhs); }
160
161    constexpr multi_span_index operator+() const noexcept { return *this; }
162
163    constexpr multi_span_index operator-() const
164    {
165        multi_span_index ret = *this;
166        std::transform(ret, ret + rank, ret, std::negate<value_type>{});
167        return ret;
168    }
169
170    constexpr multi_span_index operator+(const multi_span_index& rhs) const
171    {
172        multi_span_index ret = *this;
173        ret += rhs;
174        return ret;
175    }
176
177    constexpr multi_span_index operator-(const multi_span_index& rhs) const
178    {
179        multi_span_index ret = *this;
180        ret -= rhs;
181        return ret;
182    }
183
184    constexpr multi_span_index& operator+=(const multi_span_index& rhs)
185    {
186        GSL_SUPPRESS(bounds.1) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
187        GSL_SUPPRESS(bounds.3) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
188        std::transform(elems, elems + rank, rhs.elems, elems, std::plus<value_type>{});
189        return *this;
190    }
191
192    constexpr multi_span_index& operator-=(const multi_span_index& rhs)
193    {
194        GSL_SUPPRESS(bounds.1) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
195        GSL_SUPPRESS(bounds.3) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
196        std::transform(elems, elems + rank, rhs.elems, elems, std::minus<value_type>{});
197        return *this;
198    }
199
200    constexpr multi_span_index operator*(value_type v) const
201    {
202        multi_span_index ret = *this;
203        ret *= v;
204        return ret;
205    }
206
207    constexpr multi_span_index operator/(value_type v) const
208    {
209        multi_span_index ret = *this;
210        ret /= v;
211        return ret;
212    }
213
214    friend constexpr multi_span_index operator*(value_type v, const multi_span_index& rhs)
215    {
216        return rhs * v;
217    }
218
219    constexpr multi_span_index& operator*=(value_type v)
220    {
221        GSL_SUPPRESS(bounds.1) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
222        GSL_SUPPRESS(bounds.3) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
223        std::transform(elems, elems + rank, elems,
224                       [v](value_type x) { return std::multiplies<value_type>{}(x, v); });
225        return *this;
226    }
227
228    constexpr multi_span_index& operator/=(value_type v)
229    {
230        GSL_SUPPRESS(bounds.1) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
231        GSL_SUPPRESS(bounds.3) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
232        std::transform(elems, elems + rank, elems,
233                       [v](value_type x) { return std::divides<value_type>{}(x, v); });
234        return *this;
235    }
236
237private:
238    value_type elems[Rank] = {};
239};
240
241#if !defined(_MSC_VER) || _MSC_VER >= 1910
242
243struct [[deprecated]] static_bounds_dynamic_range_t
244{
245    template <typename T, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral<T>::value>>
246    constexpr operator T() const noexcept
247    {
248        return narrow_cast<T>(-1);
249    }
250};
251
252constexpr bool operator==(static_bounds_dynamic_range_t, static_bounds_dynamic_range_t) noexcept
253{
254    return true;
255}
256
257constexpr bool operator!=(static_bounds_dynamic_range_t, static_bounds_dynamic_range_t) noexcept
258{
259    return false;
260}
261
262template <typename T, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral<T>::value>>
263constexpr bool operator==(static_bounds_dynamic_range_t, T other) noexcept
264{
265    return narrow_cast<T>(-1) == other;
266}
267
268template <typename T, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral<T>::value>>
269constexpr bool operator==(T left, static_bounds_dynamic_range_t right) noexcept
270{
271    return right == left;
272}
273
274template <typename T, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral<T>::value>>
275constexpr bool operator!=(static_bounds_dynamic_range_t, T other) noexcept
276{
277    return narrow_cast<T>(-1) != other;
278}
279
280template <typename T, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral<T>::value>>
281constexpr bool operator!=(T left, static_bounds_dynamic_range_t right) noexcept
282{
283    return right != left;
284}
285
286constexpr static_bounds_dynamic_range_t dynamic_range{};
287#else
288const std::ptrdiff_t dynamic_range = -1;
289#endif
290
291struct [[deprecated]] generalized_mapping_tag
292{
293};
294struct[[deprecated]] contiguous_mapping_tag : generalized_mapping_tag{};
295
296namespace details
297{
298
299    template <std::ptrdiff_t Left, std::ptrdiff_t Right>
300    struct [[deprecated]] LessThan
301    {
302        static const bool value = Left < Right;
303    };
304
305    template <std::ptrdiff_t... Ranges>
306    struct [[deprecated]] BoundsRanges {
307        using size_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
308        static const size_type Depth = 0;
309        static const size_type DynamicNum = 0;
310        static const size_type CurrentRange = 1;
311        static const size_type TotalSize = 1;
312
313        // TODO : following signature is for work around VS bug
314        template <typename OtherRange>
315        constexpr BoundsRanges(const OtherRange&, bool /* firstLevel */)
316        {}
317
318        constexpr BoundsRanges(const std::ptrdiff_t* const) {}
319        constexpr BoundsRanges() noexcept = default;
320
321        template <typename T, std::size_t Dim>
322        constexpr void serialize(T&) const
323        {}
324
325        template <typename T, std::size_t Dim>
326        constexpr size_type linearize(const T&) const
327        {
328            return 0;
329        }
330
331        template <typename T, std::size_t Dim>
332        constexpr size_type contains(const T&) const
333        {
334            return -1;
335        }
336
337        constexpr size_type elementNum(std::size_t) const noexcept { return 0; }
338
339        constexpr size_type totalSize() const noexcept { return TotalSize; }
340
341        constexpr bool operator==(const BoundsRanges&) const noexcept { return true; }
342    };
343
344    template <std::ptrdiff_t... RestRanges>
345    struct[[deprecated]] BoundsRanges<dynamic_range, RestRanges...> : BoundsRanges<RestRanges...>
346    {
347        using Base = BoundsRanges<RestRanges...>;
348        using size_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
349        static const std::size_t Depth = Base::Depth + 1;
350        static const std::size_t DynamicNum = Base::DynamicNum + 1;
351        static const size_type CurrentRange = dynamic_range;
352        static const size_type TotalSize = dynamic_range;
353
354    private:
355        size_type m_bound;
356
357    public:
358        GSL_SUPPRESS(
359            f.23) // NO-FORMAT: attribute // this pointer type is cannot be assigned nullptr - issue in not_null
360        GSL_SUPPRESS(bounds.1) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
361        constexpr BoundsRanges(const std::ptrdiff_t* const arr)
362            : Base(arr + 1), m_bound(*arr * this->Base::totalSize())
363        {
364            Expects(0 <= *arr);
365        }
366
367        constexpr BoundsRanges() noexcept : m_bound(0) {}
368
369        template <std::ptrdiff_t OtherRange, std::ptrdiff_t... RestOtherRanges>
370        constexpr BoundsRanges(const BoundsRanges<OtherRange, RestOtherRanges...>& other,
371                               bool /* firstLevel */ = true)
372            : Base(static_cast<const BoundsRanges<RestOtherRanges...>&>(other), false)
373            , m_bound(other.totalSize())
374        {}
375
376        template <typename T, std::size_t Dim = 0>
377        constexpr void serialize(T & arr) const
378        {
379            arr[Dim] = elementNum();
380            this->Base::template serialize<T, Dim + 1>(arr);
381        }
382
383        template <typename T, std::size_t Dim = 0>
384        GSL_SUPPRESS(bounds.4) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
385        constexpr size_type linearize(const T& arr) const
386        {
387            const size_type index = this->Base::totalSize() * arr[Dim];
388            Expects(index < m_bound);
389            return index + this->Base::template linearize<T, Dim + 1>(arr);
390        }
391
392        template <typename T, std::size_t Dim = 0>
393        constexpr size_type contains(const T& arr) const
394        {
395            const std::ptrdiff_t last = this->Base::template contains<T, Dim + 1>(arr);
396            if (last == -1) return -1;
397            const std::ptrdiff_t cur = this->Base::totalSize() * arr[Dim];
398            return cur < m_bound ? cur + last : -1;
399        }
400
401        GSL_SUPPRESS(
402            c.128) // NO-FORMAT: attribute // no pointers to BoundsRanges should be ever used
403        constexpr size_type totalSize() const noexcept { return m_bound; }
404
405        GSL_SUPPRESS(
406            c.128) // NO-FORMAT: attribute // no pointers to BoundsRanges should be ever used
407        constexpr size_type elementNum() const noexcept
408        {
409            return totalSize() / this->Base::totalSize();
410        }
411
412        GSL_SUPPRESS(
413            c.128) // NO-FORMAT: attribute // no pointers to BoundsRanges should be ever used
414        constexpr size_type elementNum(std::size_t dim) const noexcept
415        {
416            if (dim > 0)
417                return this->Base::elementNum(dim - 1);
418            else
419                return elementNum();
420        }
421
422        constexpr bool operator==(const BoundsRanges& rhs) const noexcept
423        {
424            return m_bound == rhs.m_bound &&
425                   static_cast<const Base&>(*this) == static_cast<const Base&>(rhs);
426        }
427    };
428
429    template <std::ptrdiff_t CurRange, std::ptrdiff_t... RestRanges>
430    struct[[deprecated]] BoundsRanges<CurRange, RestRanges...> : BoundsRanges<RestRanges...>
431    {
432        using Base = BoundsRanges<RestRanges...>;
433        using size_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
434        static const std::size_t Depth = Base::Depth + 1;
435        static const std::size_t DynamicNum = Base::DynamicNum;
436        static const size_type CurrentRange = CurRange;
437        static const size_type TotalSize =
438            Base::TotalSize == dynamic_range ? dynamic_range : CurrentRange * Base::TotalSize;
439
440        constexpr BoundsRanges(const std::ptrdiff_t* const arr) : Base(arr) {}
441        constexpr BoundsRanges() = default;
442
443        template <std::ptrdiff_t OtherRange, std::ptrdiff_t... RestOtherRanges>
444        constexpr BoundsRanges(const BoundsRanges<OtherRange, RestOtherRanges...>& other,
445                               bool firstLevel = true)
446            : Base(static_cast<const BoundsRanges<RestOtherRanges...>&>(other), false)
447        {
448            GSL_SUPPRESS(type.4) // NO-FORMAT: attribute // TODO: false positive
449            (void) firstLevel;
450        }
451
452        template <typename T, std::size_t Dim = 0>
453        constexpr void serialize(T & arr) const
454        {
455            arr[Dim] = elementNum();
456            this->Base::template serialize<T, Dim + 1>(arr);
457        }
458
459        template <typename T, std::size_t Dim = 0>
460        constexpr size_type linearize(const T& arr) const
461        {
462            GSL_SUPPRESS(bounds.4)                            // NO-FORMAT: attribute
463            Expects(arr[Dim] >= 0 && arr[Dim] < CurrentRange); // Index is out of range
464            GSL_SUPPRESS(bounds.4)                            // NO-FORMAT: attribute
465            const std::ptrdiff_t d = arr[Dim];
466            return this->Base::totalSize() * d + this->Base::template linearize<T, Dim + 1>(arr);
467        }
468
469        template <typename T, std::size_t Dim = 0>
470        constexpr size_type contains(const T& arr) const
471        {
472            if (arr[Dim] >= CurrentRange) return -1;
473            const size_type last = this->Base::template contains<T, Dim + 1>(arr);
474            if (last == -1) return -1;
475            return this->Base::totalSize() * arr[Dim] + last;
476        }
477
478        GSL_SUPPRESS(
479            c.128) // NO-FORMAT: attribute // no pointers to BoundsRanges should be ever used
480        constexpr size_type totalSize() const noexcept
481        {
482            return CurrentRange * this->Base::totalSize();
483        }
484
485        GSL_SUPPRESS(
486            c.128) // NO-FORMAT: attribute // no pointers to BoundsRanges should be ever used
487        constexpr size_type elementNum() const noexcept { return CurrentRange; }
488
489        GSL_SUPPRESS(
490            c.128) // NO-FORMAT: attribute // no pointers to BoundsRanges should be ever used
491        constexpr size_type elementNum(std::size_t dim) const noexcept
492        {
493            if (dim > 0)
494                return this->Base::elementNum(dim - 1);
495            else
496                return elementNum();
497        }
498
499        constexpr bool operator==(const BoundsRanges& rhs) const noexcept
500        {
501            return static_cast<const Base&>(*this) == static_cast<const Base&>(rhs);
502        }
503    };
504
505    template <typename SourceType, typename TargetType>
506    struct[[deprecated]] BoundsRangeConvertible
507        : public std::integral_constant<bool, (SourceType::TotalSize >= TargetType::TotalSize ||
508                                               TargetType::TotalSize == dynamic_range ||
509                                               SourceType::TotalSize == dynamic_range ||
510                                               TargetType::TotalSize == 0)>{};
511
512    template <typename TypeChain>
513    struct [[deprecated]] TypeListIndexer {
514        const TypeChain& obj_;
515        constexpr TypeListIndexer(const TypeChain& obj) : obj_(obj) {}
516
517        template <std::size_t N>
518        constexpr const TypeChain& getObj(std::true_type)
519        {
520            return obj_;
521        }
522
523        template <std::size_t N, typename MyChain = TypeChain,
524                  typename MyBase = typename MyChain::Base>
525        constexpr auto getObj(std::false_type)
526            ->decltype(TypeListIndexer<MyBase>(static_cast<const MyBase&>(obj_)).template get<N>())
527        {
528            return TypeListIndexer<MyBase>(static_cast<const MyBase&>(obj_)).template get<N>();
529        }
530
531        template <std::size_t N>
532        constexpr auto get()->decltype(getObj<N - 1>(std::integral_constant<bool, N == 0>()))
533        {
534            return getObj<N - 1>(std::integral_constant<bool, N == 0>());
535        }
536    };
537
538    template <typename TypeChain>
539    constexpr TypeListIndexer<TypeChain> createTypeListIndexer(const TypeChain& obj)
540    {
541        return TypeListIndexer<TypeChain>(obj);
542    }
543
544    template <std::size_t Rank, bool Enabled = (Rank > 1),
545              typename Ret = std::enable_if_t<Enabled, multi_span_index<Rank - 1>>>
546    constexpr Ret shift_left(const multi_span_index<Rank>& other) noexcept
547    {
548        Ret ret{};
549        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < Rank - 1; ++i)
550        {
551            GSL_SUPPRESS(bounds.4) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
552            ret[i] = other[i + 1];
553        }
554        return ret;
555    }
556} // namespace details
557
558template <typename IndexType>
559class [[deprecated]] bounds_iterator;
560
561template <std::ptrdiff_t... Ranges>
562class [[deprecated]] static_bounds {
563public:
564    static_bounds(const details::BoundsRanges<Ranges...>&) {}
565};
566
567template <std::ptrdiff_t FirstRange, std::ptrdiff_t... RestRanges>
568class[[deprecated]] static_bounds<FirstRange, RestRanges...>
569{
570    using MyRanges = details::BoundsRanges<FirstRange, RestRanges...>;
571
572    MyRanges m_ranges;
573    constexpr static_bounds(const MyRanges& range) noexcept : m_ranges(range) {}
574
575    template <std::ptrdiff_t... OtherRanges>
576    friend class static_bounds;
577
578public:
579    static const std::size_t rank = MyRanges::Depth;
580    static const std::size_t dynamic_rank = MyRanges::DynamicNum;
581    static const std::ptrdiff_t static_size = MyRanges::TotalSize;
582
583    using size_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
584    using index_type = multi_span_index<rank>;
585    using const_index_type = std::add_const_t<index_type>;
586    using iterator = bounds_iterator<const_index_type>;
587    using const_iterator = bounds_iterator<const_index_type>;
588    using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
589    using sliced_type = static_bounds<RestRanges...>;
590    using mapping_type = contiguous_mapping_tag;
591
592    constexpr static_bounds() /*noexcept*/ = default;
593
594    template <typename SourceType, typename TargetType, std::size_t Rank>
595    struct BoundsRangeConvertible2;
596
597    template <std::size_t Rank, typename SourceType, typename TargetType,
598              typename Ret = BoundsRangeConvertible2<typename SourceType::Base,
599                                                     typename TargetType::Base, Rank>>
600    static auto helpBoundsRangeConvertible(SourceType, TargetType, std::true_type)->Ret;
601
602    template <std::size_t Rank, typename SourceType, typename TargetType>
603    static auto helpBoundsRangeConvertible(SourceType, TargetType, ...)->std::false_type;
604
605    template <typename SourceType, typename TargetType, std::size_t Rank>
606    struct BoundsRangeConvertible2
607        : decltype(helpBoundsRangeConvertible<Rank - 1>(
608              SourceType(), TargetType(),
609              std::integral_constant<bool,
610                                     SourceType::Depth == TargetType::Depth &&
611                                         (SourceType::CurrentRange == TargetType::CurrentRange ||
612                                          TargetType::CurrentRange == dynamic_range ||
613                                          SourceType::CurrentRange == dynamic_range)>()))
614    {
615    };
616
617    template <typename SourceType, typename TargetType>
618    struct BoundsRangeConvertible2<SourceType, TargetType, 0> : std::true_type
619    {
620    };
621
622    template <typename SourceType, typename TargetType, std::ptrdiff_t Rank = TargetType::Depth>
623    struct BoundsRangeConvertible
624        : decltype(helpBoundsRangeConvertible<Rank - 1>(
625              SourceType(), TargetType(),
626              std::integral_constant<bool,
627                                     SourceType::Depth == TargetType::Depth &&
628                                         (!details::LessThan<SourceType::CurrentRange,
629                                                             TargetType::CurrentRange>::value ||
630                                          TargetType::CurrentRange == dynamic_range ||
631                                          SourceType::CurrentRange == dynamic_range)>()))
632    {
633    };
634
635    template <typename SourceType, typename TargetType>
636    struct BoundsRangeConvertible<SourceType, TargetType, 0> : std::true_type
637    {
638    };
639
640    template <std::ptrdiff_t... Ranges,
641              typename = std::enable_if_t<details::BoundsRangeConvertible<
642                  details::BoundsRanges<Ranges...>,
643                  details::BoundsRanges<FirstRange, RestRanges...>>::value>>
644    constexpr static_bounds(const static_bounds<Ranges...>& other) : m_ranges(other.m_ranges)
645    {
646        Expects((MyRanges::DynamicNum == 0 && details::BoundsRanges<Ranges...>::DynamicNum == 0) ||
647                MyRanges::DynamicNum > 0 || other.m_ranges.totalSize() >= m_ranges.totalSize());
648    }
649
650    constexpr static_bounds(std::initializer_list<size_type> il) : m_ranges(il.begin())
651    {
652        // Size of the initializer list must match the rank of the array
653        Expects((MyRanges::DynamicNum == 0 && il.size() == 1 && *il.begin() == static_size) ||
654                MyRanges::DynamicNum == il.size());
655        // Size of the range must be less than the max element of the size type
656        Expects(m_ranges.totalSize() <= PTRDIFF_MAX);
657    }
658
659    constexpr sliced_type slice() const noexcept
660    {
661        return sliced_type{static_cast<const details::BoundsRanges<RestRanges...>&>(m_ranges)};
662    }
663
664    constexpr size_type stride() const noexcept { return rank > 1 ? slice().size() : 1; }
665
666    constexpr size_type size() const noexcept { return m_ranges.totalSize(); }
667
668    constexpr size_type total_size() const noexcept { return m_ranges.totalSize(); }
669
670    constexpr size_type linearize(const index_type& idx) const { return m_ranges.linearize(idx); }
671
672    constexpr bool contains(const index_type& idx) const noexcept
673    {
674        return m_ranges.contains(idx) != -1;
675    }
676
677    constexpr size_type operator[](std::size_t idx) const noexcept
678    {
679        return m_ranges.elementNum(idx);
680    }
681
682    template <std::size_t Dim = 0>
683    constexpr size_type extent() const noexcept
684    {
685        static_assert(Dim < rank,
686                      "dimension should be less than rank (dimension count starts from 0)");
687        return details::createTypeListIndexer(m_ranges).template get<Dim>().elementNum();
688    }
689
690    template <typename IntType>
691    constexpr size_type extent(IntType dim) const
692    {
693        static_assert(std::is_integral<IntType>::value,
694                      "Dimension parameter must be supplied as an integral type.");
695        auto real_dim = narrow_cast<std::size_t>(dim);
696        Expects(real_dim < rank);
697
698        return m_ranges.elementNum(real_dim);
699    }
700
701    constexpr index_type index_bounds() const noexcept
702    {
703        size_type extents[rank] = {};
704        m_ranges.serialize(extents);
705        return {extents};
706    }
707
708    template <std::ptrdiff_t... Ranges>
709    constexpr bool operator==(const static_bounds<Ranges...>& rhs) const noexcept
710    {
711        return this->size() == rhs.size();
712    }
713
714    template <std::ptrdiff_t... Ranges>
715    constexpr bool operator!=(const static_bounds<Ranges...>& rhs) const noexcept
716    {
717        return !(*this == rhs);
718    }
719
720    constexpr const_iterator begin() const noexcept { return const_iterator(*this, index_type{}); }
721
722    constexpr const_iterator end() const noexcept
723    {
724        return const_iterator(*this, this->index_bounds());
725    }
726};
727
728template <std::size_t Rank>
729class [[deprecated]] strided_bounds {
730    template <std::size_t OtherRank>
731    friend class strided_bounds;
732
733public:
734    static const std::size_t rank = Rank;
735    using value_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
736    using reference = std::add_lvalue_reference_t<value_type>;
737    using const_reference = std::add_const_t<reference>;
738    using size_type = value_type;
739    using difference_type = value_type;
740    using index_type = multi_span_index<rank>;
741    using const_index_type = std::add_const_t<index_type>;
742    using iterator = bounds_iterator<const_index_type>;
743    using const_iterator = bounds_iterator<const_index_type>;
744    static const value_type dynamic_rank = rank;
745    static const value_type static_size = dynamic_range;
746    using sliced_type = std::conditional_t<rank != 0, strided_bounds<rank - 1>, void>;
747    using mapping_type = generalized_mapping_tag;
748
749    constexpr strided_bounds(const strided_bounds&) noexcept = default;
750
751    constexpr strided_bounds& operator=(const strided_bounds&) noexcept = default;
752
753    constexpr strided_bounds(const value_type(&values)[rank], index_type strides)
754        : m_extents(values), m_strides(std::move(strides))
755    {}
756
757    constexpr strided_bounds(const index_type& extents, const index_type& strides) noexcept
758        : m_extents(extents), m_strides(strides)
759    {}
760
761    constexpr index_type strides() const noexcept { return m_strides; }
762
763    GSL_SUPPRESS(bounds.4) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
764    constexpr size_type total_size() const noexcept
765    {
766        size_type ret = 0;
767        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < rank; ++i) { ret += (m_extents[i] - 1) * m_strides[i]; }
768        return ret + 1;
769    }
770
771    GSL_SUPPRESS(bounds.4) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
772    constexpr size_type size() const noexcept
773    {
774        size_type ret = 1;
775        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < rank; ++i) { ret *= m_extents[i]; }
776        return ret;
777    }
778
779    constexpr bool contains(const index_type& idx) const noexcept
780    {
781        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < rank; ++i)
782        {
783            if (idx[i] < 0 || idx[i] >= m_extents[i]) return false;
784        }
785        return true;
786    }
787
788    GSL_SUPPRESS(bounds.4) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
789    constexpr size_type linearize(const index_type& idx) const
790    {
791        size_type ret = 0;
792        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < rank; i++)
793        {
794            Expects(idx[i] < m_extents[i]); // index is out of bounds of the array
795            ret += idx[i] * m_strides[i];
796        }
797        return ret;
798    }
799
800    GSL_SUPPRESS(bounds.4) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
801    constexpr size_type stride() const noexcept { return m_strides[0]; }
802
803    template <bool Enabled = (rank > 1), typename Ret = std::enable_if_t<Enabled, sliced_type>>
804    constexpr sliced_type slice() const
805    {
806        return {details::shift_left(m_extents), details::shift_left(m_strides)};
807    }
808
809    template <std::size_t Dim = 0>
810
811    GSL_SUPPRESS(bounds.4) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
812    constexpr size_type extent() const noexcept
813    {
814        static_assert(Dim < Rank,
815                      "dimension should be less than rank (dimension count starts from 0)");
816        return m_extents[Dim];
817    }
818
819    constexpr index_type index_bounds() const noexcept { return m_extents; }
820
821    constexpr const_iterator begin() const noexcept { return const_iterator{*this, index_type{}}; }
822
823    constexpr const_iterator end() const noexcept { return const_iterator{*this, index_bounds()}; }
824
825private:
826    index_type m_extents;
827    index_type m_strides;
828};
829
830template <typename T>
831struct[[deprecated]] is_bounds : std::integral_constant<bool, false>{};
832template <std::ptrdiff_t... Ranges>
833struct[[deprecated]] is_bounds<static_bounds<Ranges...>> : std::integral_constant<bool, true>{};
834template <std::size_t Rank>
835struct[[deprecated]] is_bounds<strided_bounds<Rank>> : std::integral_constant<bool, true>{};
836
837template <typename IndexType>
838class [[deprecated]] bounds_iterator {
839public:
840    static const std::size_t rank = IndexType::rank;
841    using iterator_category = std::random_access_iterator_tag;
842    using value_type = IndexType;
843    using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
844    using pointer = value_type*;
845    using reference = value_type&;
846    using index_type = value_type;
847    using index_size_type = typename IndexType::value_type;
848    template <typename Bounds>
849    explicit bounds_iterator(const Bounds& bnd, value_type curr) noexcept
850        : boundary_(bnd.index_bounds()), curr_(std::move(curr))
851    {
852        static_assert(is_bounds<Bounds>::value, "Bounds type must be provided");
853    }
854
855    constexpr reference operator*() const noexcept { return curr_; }
856
857    constexpr pointer operator->() const noexcept { return &curr_; }
858
859    GSL_SUPPRESS(bounds.4) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
860    GSL_SUPPRESS(bounds.2) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
861    constexpr bounds_iterator& operator++() noexcept
862
863    {
864        for (std::size_t i = rank; i-- > 0;)
865        {
866            if (curr_[i] < boundary_[i] - 1)
867            {
868                curr_[i]++;
869                return *this;
870            }
871            curr_[i] = 0;
872        }
873        // If we're here we've wrapped over - set to past-the-end.
874        curr_ = boundary_;
875        return *this;
876    }
877
878    constexpr bounds_iterator operator++(int) noexcept
879    {
880        auto ret = *this;
881        ++(*this);
882        return ret;
883    }
884
885    GSL_SUPPRESS(bounds.4) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
886    constexpr bounds_iterator& operator--()
887    {
888        if (!less(curr_, boundary_))
889        {
890            // if at the past-the-end, set to last element
891            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < rank; ++i) { curr_[i] = boundary_[i] - 1; }
892            return *this;
893        }
894        for (std::size_t i = rank; i-- > 0;)
895        {
896            if (curr_[i] >= 1)
897            {
898                curr_[i]--;
899                return *this;
900            }
901            curr_[i] = boundary_[i] - 1;
902        }
903        // If we're here the preconditions were violated
904        // "pre: there exists s such that r == ++s"
905        Expects(false);
906        return *this;
907    }
908
909    constexpr bounds_iterator operator--(int) noexcept
910    {
911        auto ret = *this;
912        --(*this);
913        return ret;
914    }
915
916    constexpr bounds_iterator operator+(difference_type n) const noexcept
917    {
918        bounds_iterator ret{*this};
919        return ret += n;
920    }
921
922    GSL_SUPPRESS(bounds.4) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
923    constexpr bounds_iterator& operator+=(difference_type n)
924    {
925        auto linear_idx = linearize(curr_) + n;
926        std::remove_const_t<value_type> stride = 0;
927        stride[rank - 1] = 1;
928        for (std::size_t i = rank - 1; i-- > 0;) { stride[i] = stride[i + 1] * boundary_[i + 1]; }
929        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < rank; ++i)
930        {
931            curr_[i] = linear_idx / stride[i];
932            linear_idx = linear_idx % stride[i];
933        }
934        // index is out of bounds of the array
935        Expects(!less(curr_, index_type{}) && !less(boundary_, curr_));
936        return *this;
937    }
938
939    constexpr bounds_iterator operator-(difference_type n) const noexcept
940    {
941        bounds_iterator ret{*this};
942        return ret -= n;
943    }
944
945    constexpr bounds_iterator& operator-=(difference_type n) noexcept { return *this += -n; }
946
947    constexpr difference_type operator-(const bounds_iterator& rhs) const noexcept
948    {
949        return linearize(curr_) - linearize(rhs.curr_);
950    }
951
952    constexpr value_type operator[](difference_type n) const noexcept { return *(*this + n); }
953
954    constexpr bool operator==(const bounds_iterator& rhs) const noexcept
955    {
956        return curr_ == rhs.curr_;
957    }
958
959    constexpr bool operator!=(const bounds_iterator& rhs) const noexcept { return !(*this == rhs); }
960
961    constexpr bool operator<(const bounds_iterator& rhs) const noexcept
962    {
963        return less(curr_, rhs.curr_);
964    }
965
966    constexpr bool operator<=(const bounds_iterator& rhs) const noexcept { return !(rhs < *this); }
967
968    constexpr bool operator>(const bounds_iterator& rhs) const noexcept { return rhs < *this; }
969
970    constexpr bool operator>=(const bounds_iterator& rhs) const noexcept { return !(rhs > *this); }
971
972    void swap(bounds_iterator & rhs) noexcept
973    {
974        std::swap(boundary_, rhs.boundary_);
975        std::swap(curr_, rhs.curr_);
976    }
977
978private:
979    GSL_SUPPRESS(bounds.4) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
980    constexpr bool less(index_type & one, index_type & other) const noexcept
981    {
982        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < rank; ++i)
983        {
984            if (one[i] < other[i]) return true;
985        }
986        return false;
987    }
988
989    GSL_SUPPRESS(bounds.4) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
990    constexpr index_size_type linearize(const value_type& idx) const noexcept
991    {
992        // TODO: Smarter impl.
993        // Check if past-the-end
994        index_size_type multiplier = 1;
995        index_size_type res = 0;
996        if (!less(idx, boundary_))
997        {
998            res = 1;
999            for (std::size_t i = rank; i-- > 0;)
1000            {
1001                res += (idx[i] - 1) * multiplier;
1002                multiplier *= boundary_[i];
1003            }
1004        }
1005        else
1006        {
1007            for (std::size_t i = rank; i-- > 0;)
1008            {
1009                res += idx[i] * multiplier;
1010                multiplier *= boundary_[i];
1011            }
1012        }
1013        return res;
1014    }
1015
1016    value_type boundary_;
1017    std::remove_const_t<value_type> curr_;
1018};
1019
1020template <typename IndexType>
1021bounds_iterator<IndexType> operator+(typename bounds_iterator<IndexType>::difference_type n,
1022                                     const bounds_iterator<IndexType>& rhs) noexcept
1023{
1024    return rhs + n;
1025}
1026
1027namespace details
1028{
1029    template <typename Bounds>
1030    constexpr std::enable_if_t<
1031        std::is_same<typename Bounds::mapping_type, generalized_mapping_tag>::value,
1032        typename Bounds::index_type>
1033    make_stride(const Bounds& bnd) noexcept
1034    {
1035        return bnd.strides();
1036    }
1037
1038    // Make a stride vector from bounds, assuming contiguous memory.
1039    template <typename Bounds>
1040    constexpr std::enable_if_t<
1041        std::is_same<typename Bounds::mapping_type, contiguous_mapping_tag>::value,
1042        typename Bounds::index_type>
1043    make_stride(const Bounds& bnd) noexcept
1044    {
1045        auto extents = bnd.index_bounds();
1046        typename Bounds::size_type stride[Bounds::rank] = {};
1047
1048        stride[Bounds::rank - 1] = 1;
1049        for (std::size_t i = 1; i < Bounds::rank; ++i)
1050        {
1051            GSL_SUPPRESS(bounds.4) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
1052            GSL_SUPPRESS(bounds.2) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
1053            stride[Bounds::rank - i - 1] = stride[Bounds::rank - i] * extents[Bounds::rank - i];
1054        }
1055        return {stride};
1056    }
1057
1058    template <typename BoundsSrc, typename BoundsDest>
1059    void verifyBoundsReshape(const BoundsSrc& src, const BoundsDest& dest)
1060    {
1061        static_assert(is_bounds<BoundsSrc>::value && is_bounds<BoundsDest>::value,
1062                      "The src type and dest type must be bounds");
1063        static_assert(std::is_same<typename BoundsSrc::mapping_type, contiguous_mapping_tag>::value,
1064                      "The source type must be a contiguous bounds");
1065        static_assert(BoundsDest::static_size == dynamic_range ||
1066                          BoundsSrc::static_size == dynamic_range ||
1067                          BoundsDest::static_size == BoundsSrc::static_size,
1068                      "The source bounds must have same size as dest bounds");
1069        Expects(src.size() == dest.size());
1070    }
1071
1072} // namespace details
1073
1074template <typename Span>
1075class [[deprecated]] contiguous_span_iterator;
1076template <typename Span>
1077class [[deprecated]] general_span_iterator;
1078
1079template <std::ptrdiff_t DimSize = dynamic_range>
1080struct [[deprecated]] dim_t
1081{
1082    static const std::ptrdiff_t value = DimSize;
1083};
1084template <>
1085struct [[deprecated]] dim_t<dynamic_range>
1086{
1087    static const std::ptrdiff_t value = dynamic_range;
1088    const std::ptrdiff_t dvalue;
1089    constexpr dim_t(std::ptrdiff_t size) noexcept : dvalue(size) {}
1090};
1091
1092template <std::ptrdiff_t N, class = std::enable_if_t<(N >= 0)>>
1093constexpr dim_t<N> dim() noexcept
1094{
1095    return dim_t<N>();
1096}
1097
1098template <std::ptrdiff_t N = dynamic_range, class = std::enable_if_t<N == dynamic_range>>
1099constexpr dim_t<N> dim(std::ptrdiff_t n) noexcept
1100{
1101    return dim_t<>(n);
1102}
1103
1104template <typename ValueType, std::ptrdiff_t FirstDimension = dynamic_range,
1105          std::ptrdiff_t... RestDimensions>
1106class [[deprecated("gsl::multi_span is deprecated because it is not in the C++ Core Guidelines")]] multi_span;
1107
1108template <typename ValueType, std::size_t Rank>
1109class [[deprecated("gsl::strided_span is deprecated because it is not in the C++ Core Guidelines")]] strided_span;
1110
1111namespace details
1112{
1113    template <typename T, typename = std::true_type>
1114    struct [[deprecated]] SpanTypeTraits
1115    {
1116        using value_type = T;
1117        using size_type = std::size_t;
1118    };
1119
1120    template <typename Traits>
1121    struct [[deprecated]] SpanTypeTraits<
1122        Traits, typename std::is_reference<typename Traits::span_traits&>::type>
1123    {
1124        using value_type = typename Traits::span_traits::value_type;
1125        using size_type = typename Traits::span_traits::size_type;
1126    };
1127
1128    template <typename T, std::ptrdiff_t... Ranks>
1129    struct [[deprecated]] SpanArrayTraits
1130    {
1131        using type = multi_span<T, Ranks...>;
1132        using value_type = T;
1133        using bounds_type = static_bounds<Ranks...>;
1134        using pointer = T*;
1135        using reference = T&;
1136    };
1137    template <typename T, std::ptrdiff_t N, std::ptrdiff_t... Ranks>
1138    struct [[deprecated]] SpanArrayTraits<T[N], Ranks...> : SpanArrayTraits<T, Ranks..., N>
1139    {
1140    };
1141
1142    template <typename BoundsType>
1143    BoundsType newBoundsHelperImpl(std::ptrdiff_t totalSize, std::true_type) // dynamic size
1144    {
1145        Expects(totalSize >= 0 && totalSize <= PTRDIFF_MAX);
1146        return BoundsType{totalSize};
1147    }
1148    template <typename BoundsType>
1149    BoundsType newBoundsHelperImpl(std::ptrdiff_t totalSize, std::false_type) // static size
1150    {
1151        Expects(BoundsType::static_size <= totalSize);
1152        return {};
1153    }
1154    template <typename BoundsType>
1155    BoundsType newBoundsHelper(std::ptrdiff_t totalSize)
1156    {
1157        static_assert(BoundsType::dynamic_rank <= 1, "dynamic rank must less or equal to 1");
1158        return newBoundsHelperImpl<BoundsType>(
1159            totalSize, std::integral_constant<bool, BoundsType::dynamic_rank == 1>());
1160    }
1161
1162    struct [[deprecated]] Sep
1163    {
1164    };
1165
1166    template <typename T, typename... Args>
1167    T static_as_multi_span_helper(Sep, Args... args)
1168    {
1169        return T{narrow_cast<typename T::size_type>(args)...};
1170    }
1171    template <typename T, typename Arg, typename... Args>
1172    std::enable_if_t<
1173        !std::is_same<Arg, dim_t<dynamic_range>>::value && !std::is_same<Arg, Sep>::value, T>
1174    static_as_multi_span_helper(Arg, Args... args)
1175    {
1176        return static_as_multi_span_helper<T>(args...);
1177    }
1178    template <typename T, typename... Args>
1179    T static_as_multi_span_helper(dim_t<dynamic_range> val, Args... args)
1180    {
1181        return static_as_multi_span_helper<T>(args..., val.dvalue);
1182    }
1183
1184    template <typename... Dimensions>
1185    struct [[deprecated]] static_as_multi_span_static_bounds_helper
1186    {
1187        using type = static_bounds<(Dimensions::value)...>;
1188    };
1189
1190    template <typename T>
1191    struct [[deprecated]] is_multi_span_oracle : std::false_type
1192    {
1193    };
1194
1195    template <typename ValueType, std::ptrdiff_t FirstDimension, std::ptrdiff_t... RestDimensions>
1196    struct [[deprecated]] is_multi_span_oracle<multi_span<ValueType, FirstDimension, RestDimensions...>>
1197        : std::true_type
1198    {
1199    };
1200
1201    template <typename ValueType, std::ptrdiff_t Rank>
1202    struct [[deprecated]] is_multi_span_oracle<strided_span<ValueType, Rank>> : std::true_type
1203    {
1204    };
1205
1206    template <typename T>
1207    struct [[deprecated]] is_multi_span : is_multi_span_oracle<std::remove_cv_t<T>>
1208    {
1209    };
1210} // namespace details
1211
1212template <typename ValueType, std::ptrdiff_t FirstDimension, std::ptrdiff_t... RestDimensions>
1213class [[deprecated("gsl::multi_span is deprecated because it is not in the C++ Core Guidelines")]] multi_span {
1214    // TODO do we still need this?
1215    template <typename ValueType2, std::ptrdiff_t FirstDimension2,
1216              std::ptrdiff_t... RestDimensions2>
1217    friend class multi_span;
1218
1219public:
1220    using bounds_type = static_bounds<FirstDimension, RestDimensions...>;
1221    static const std::size_t Rank = bounds_type::rank;
1222    using size_type = typename bounds_type::size_type;
1223    using index_type = typename bounds_type::index_type;
1224    using value_type = ValueType;
1225    using const_value_type = std::add_const_t<value_type>;
1226    using pointer = std::add_pointer_t<value_type>;
1227    using reference = std::add_lvalue_reference_t<value_type>;
1228    using iterator = contiguous_span_iterator<multi_span>;
1229    using const_span = multi_span<const_value_type, FirstDimension, RestDimensions...>;
1230    using const_iterator = contiguous_span_iterator<const_span>;
1231    using reverse_iterator = std::reverse_iterator<iterator>;
1232    using const_reverse_iterator = std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator>;
1233    using sliced_type =
1234        std::conditional_t<Rank == 1, value_type, multi_span<value_type, RestDimensions...>>;
1235
1236private:
1237    pointer data_;
1238    bounds_type bounds_;
1239
1240    friend iterator;
1241    friend const_iterator;
1242
1243public:
1244    // default constructor - same as constructing from nullptr_t
1245    GSL_SUPPRESS(type.6) // NO-FORMAT: attribute // TODO: false positive
1246    constexpr multi_span() noexcept : multi_span(nullptr, bounds_type{})
1247    {
1248        static_assert(bounds_type::dynamic_rank != 0 ||
1249                          (bounds_type::dynamic_rank == 0 && bounds_type::static_size == 0),
1250                      "Default construction of multi_span<T> only possible "
1251                      "for dynamic or fixed, zero-length spans.");
1252    }
1253
1254    // construct from nullptr - get an empty multi_span
1255    GSL_SUPPRESS(type.6) // NO-FORMAT: attribute // TODO: false positive
1256    constexpr multi_span(std::nullptr_t) noexcept : multi_span(nullptr, bounds_type{})
1257    {
1258        static_assert(bounds_type::dynamic_rank != 0 ||
1259                          (bounds_type::dynamic_rank == 0 && bounds_type::static_size == 0),
1260                      "nullptr_t construction of multi_span<T> only possible "
1261                      "for dynamic or fixed, zero-length spans.");
1262    }
1263
1264    // construct from nullptr with size of 0 (helps with template function calls)
1265    template <class IntType, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral<IntType>::value>>
1266
1267    // GSL_SUPPRESS(type.6) // NO-FORMAT: attribute // TODO: false positive // TODO: parser bug
1268    constexpr multi_span(std::nullptr_t, IntType size) : multi_span(nullptr, bounds_type{})
1269    {
1270        static_assert(bounds_type::dynamic_rank != 0 ||
1271                          (bounds_type::dynamic_rank == 0 && bounds_type::static_size == 0),
1272                      "nullptr_t construction of multi_span<T> only possible "
1273                      "for dynamic or fixed, zero-length spans.");
1274        Expects(size == 0);
1275    }
1276
1277    // construct from a single element
1278
1279    GSL_SUPPRESS(type.6) // NO-FORMAT: attribute // TODO: false positive
1280    constexpr multi_span(reference data) noexcept : multi_span(&data, bounds_type{1})
1281    {
1282        static_assert(bounds_type::dynamic_rank > 0 || bounds_type::static_size == 0 ||
1283                          bounds_type::static_size == 1,
1284                      "Construction from a single element only possible "
1285                      "for dynamic or fixed spans of length 0 or 1.");
1286    }
1287
1288    // prevent constructing from temporaries for single-elements
1289    constexpr multi_span(value_type &&) = delete;
1290
1291    // construct from pointer + length
1292    GSL_SUPPRESS(type.6) // NO-FORMAT: attribute // TODO: false positive
1293    constexpr multi_span(pointer ptr, size_type size) : multi_span(ptr, bounds_type{size}) {}
1294
1295    // construct from pointer + length - multidimensional
1296    constexpr multi_span(pointer data, bounds_type bounds) : data_(data), bounds_(std::move(bounds))
1297    {
1298        Expects((bounds_.size() > 0 && data != nullptr) || bounds_.size() == 0);
1299    }
1300
1301    // construct from begin,end pointer pair
1302    template <typename Ptr,
1303              typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_convertible<Ptr, pointer>::value &&
1304                                          details::LessThan<bounds_type::dynamic_rank, 2>::value>>
1305    constexpr multi_span(pointer begin, Ptr end)
1306        : multi_span(begin,
1307                     details::newBoundsHelper<bounds_type>(static_cast<pointer>(end) - begin))
1308    {
1309        Expects(begin != nullptr && end != nullptr && begin <= static_cast<pointer>(end));
1310    }
1311
1312    // construct from n-dimensions static array
1313    template <typename T, std::size_t N, typename Helper = details::SpanArrayTraits<T, N>>
1314    constexpr multi_span(T(&arr)[N])
1315        : multi_span(reinterpret_cast<pointer>(arr), bounds_type{typename Helper::bounds_type{}})
1316    {
1317        static_assert(std::is_convertible<typename Helper::value_type(*)[], value_type(*)[]>::value,
1318                      "Cannot convert from source type to target multi_span type.");
1319        static_assert(std::is_convertible<typename Helper::bounds_type, bounds_type>::value,
1320                      "Cannot construct a multi_span from an array with fewer elements.");
1321    }
1322
1323    // construct from n-dimensions dynamic array (e.g. new int[m][4])
1324    // (precedence will be lower than the 1-dimension pointer)
1325    template <typename T, typename Helper = details::SpanArrayTraits<T, dynamic_range>>
1326    constexpr multi_span(T* const& data, size_type size)
1327        : multi_span(reinterpret_cast<pointer>(data), typename Helper::bounds_type{size})
1328    {
1329        static_assert(std::is_convertible<typename Helper::value_type(*)[], value_type(*)[]>::value,
1330                      "Cannot convert from source type to target multi_span type.");
1331    }
1332
1333    // construct from std::array
1334    template <typename T, std::size_t N>
1335    constexpr multi_span(std::array<T, N> & arr)
1336        : multi_span(arr.data(), bounds_type{static_bounds<N>{}})
1337    {
1338        static_assert(
1339            std::is_convertible<T(*)[], typename std::remove_const_t<value_type>(*)[]>::value,
1340            "Cannot convert from source type to target multi_span type.");
1341        static_assert(std::is_convertible<static_bounds<N>, bounds_type>::value,
1342                      "You cannot construct a multi_span from a std::array of smaller size.");
1343    }
1344
1345    // construct from const std::array
1346    template <typename T, std::size_t N>
1347    constexpr multi_span(const std::array<T, N>& arr)
1348        : multi_span(arr.data(), bounds_type{static_bounds<N>{}})
1349    {
1350        static_assert(
1351            std::is_convertible<T(*)[], typename std::remove_const_t<value_type>(*)[]>::value,
1352            "Cannot convert from source type to target multi_span type.");
1353        static_assert(std::is_convertible<static_bounds<N>, bounds_type>::value,
1354                      "You cannot construct a multi_span from a std::array of smaller size.");
1355    }
1356
1357    // prevent constructing from temporary std::array
1358    template <typename T, std::size_t N>
1359    constexpr multi_span(std::array<T, N> && arr) = delete;
1360
1361    // construct from containers
1362    // future: could use contiguous_iterator_traits to identify only contiguous containers
1363    // type-requirements: container must have .size(), operator[] which are value_type compatible
1364    template <typename Cont, typename DataType = typename Cont::value_type,
1365              typename = std::enable_if_t<
1366                  !details::is_multi_span<Cont>::value &&
1367                  std::is_convertible<DataType(*)[], value_type(*)[]>::value &&
1368                  std::is_same<std::decay_t<decltype(std::declval<Cont>().size(),
1369                                                     *std::declval<Cont>().data())>,
1370                               DataType>::value>>
1371    constexpr multi_span(Cont & cont)
1372        : multi_span(static_cast<pointer>(cont.data()),
1373                     details::newBoundsHelper<bounds_type>(narrow_cast<size_type>(cont.size())))
1374    {}
1375
1376    // prevent constructing from temporary containers
1377    template <typename Cont, typename DataType = typename Cont::value_type,
1378              typename = std::enable_if_t<
1379                  !details::is_multi_span<Cont>::value &&
1380                  std::is_convertible<DataType(*)[], value_type(*)[]>::value &&
1381                  std::is_same<std::decay_t<decltype(std::declval<Cont>().size(),
1382                                                     *std::declval<Cont>().data())>,
1383                               DataType>::value>>
1384    explicit constexpr multi_span(Cont && cont) = delete;
1385
1386    // construct from a convertible multi_span
1387    template <typename OtherValueType, std::ptrdiff_t... OtherDimensions,
1388              typename OtherBounds = static_bounds<OtherDimensions...>,
1389              typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_convertible<OtherValueType, ValueType>::value &&
1390                                          std::is_convertible<OtherBounds, bounds_type>::value>>
1391    constexpr multi_span(multi_span<OtherValueType, OtherDimensions...> other)
1392        : data_(other.data_), bounds_(other.bounds_)
1393    {}
1394
1395    // trivial copy and move
1396    constexpr multi_span(const multi_span&) = default;
1397    constexpr multi_span(multi_span &&) = default;
1398
1399    // trivial assignment
1400    constexpr multi_span& operator=(const multi_span&) = default;
1401    constexpr multi_span& operator=(multi_span&&) = default;
1402
1403    // first() - extract the first Count elements into a new multi_span
1404    template <std::ptrdiff_t Count>
1405
1406    constexpr multi_span<ValueType, Count> first() const
1407    {
1408        static_assert(Count >= 0, "Count must be >= 0.");
1409        static_assert(bounds_type::static_size == dynamic_range ||
1410                          Count <= bounds_type::static_size,
1411                      "Count is out of bounds.");
1412
1413        Expects(bounds_type::static_size != dynamic_range || Count <= this->size());
1414        return {this->data(), Count};
1415    }
1416
1417    // first() - extract the first count elements into a new multi_span
1418    constexpr multi_span<ValueType, dynamic_range> first(size_type count) const
1419    {
1420        Expects(count >= 0 && count <= this->size());
1421        return {this->data(), count};
1422    }
1423
1424    // last() - extract the last Count elements into a new multi_span
1425    template <std::ptrdiff_t Count>
1426    constexpr multi_span<ValueType, Count> last() const
1427    {
1428        static_assert(Count >= 0, "Count must be >= 0.");
1429        static_assert(bounds_type::static_size == dynamic_range ||
1430                          Count <= bounds_type::static_size,
1431                      "Count is out of bounds.");
1432
1433        Expects(bounds_type::static_size != dynamic_range || Count <= this->size());
1434        return {this->data() + this->size() - Count, Count};
1435    }
1436
1437    // last() - extract the last count elements into a new multi_span
1438    constexpr multi_span<ValueType, dynamic_range> last(size_type count) const
1439    {
1440        Expects(count >= 0 && count <= this->size());
1441        return {this->data() + this->size() - count, count};
1442    }
1443
1444    // subspan() - create a subview of Count elements starting at Offset
1445    template <std::ptrdiff_t Offset, std::ptrdiff_t Count>
1446    constexpr multi_span<ValueType, Count> subspan() const
1447    {
1448        static_assert(Count >= 0, "Count must be >= 0.");
1449        static_assert(Offset >= 0, "Offset must be >= 0.");
1450        static_assert(bounds_type::static_size == dynamic_range ||
1451                          ((Offset <= bounds_type::static_size) &&
1452                           Count <= bounds_type::static_size - Offset),
1453                      "You must describe a sub-range within bounds of the multi_span.");
1454
1455        Expects(bounds_type::static_size != dynamic_range ||
1456                (Offset <= this->size() && Count <= this->size() - Offset));
1457        return {this->data() + Offset, Count};
1458    }
1459
1460    // subspan() - create a subview of count elements starting at offset
1461    // supplying dynamic_range for count will consume all available elements from offset
1462    constexpr multi_span<ValueType, dynamic_range> subspan(size_type offset,
1463                                                           size_type count = dynamic_range) const
1464    {
1465        Expects((offset >= 0 && offset <= this->size()) &&
1466                (count == dynamic_range || (count <= this->size() - offset)));
1467        return {this->data() + offset, count == dynamic_range ? this->length() - offset : count};
1468    }
1469
1470    // section - creates a non-contiguous, strided multi_span from a contiguous one
1471    constexpr strided_span<ValueType, Rank> section(index_type origin, index_type extents) const
1472    {
1473        const size_type size = this->bounds().total_size() - this->bounds().linearize(origin);
1474        return {&this->operator[](origin), size,
1475                strided_bounds<Rank>{extents, details::make_stride(bounds())}};
1476    }
1477
1478    // length of the multi_span in elements
1479    constexpr size_type size() const noexcept { return bounds_.size(); }
1480
1481    // length of the multi_span in elements
1482    constexpr size_type length() const noexcept { return this->size(); }
1483
1484    // length of the multi_span in bytes
1485    constexpr size_type size_bytes() const noexcept
1486    {
1487        return narrow_cast<size_type>(sizeof(value_type)) * this->size();
1488    }
1489
1490    // length of the multi_span in bytes
1491    constexpr size_type length_bytes() const noexcept { return this->size_bytes(); }
1492
1493    constexpr bool empty() const noexcept { return this->size() == 0; }
1494
1495    static constexpr std::size_t rank() { return Rank; }
1496
1497    template <std::size_t Dim = 0>
1498    constexpr size_type extent() const noexcept
1499    {
1500        static_assert(Dim < Rank,
1501                      "Dimension should be less than rank (dimension count starts from 0).");
1502        return bounds_.template extent<Dim>();
1503    }
1504
1505    template <typename IntType>
1506    constexpr size_type extent(IntType dim) const
1507    {
1508        return bounds_.extent(dim);
1509    }
1510
1511    constexpr bounds_type bounds() const noexcept { return bounds_; }
1512
1513    constexpr pointer data() const noexcept { return data_; }
1514
1515    template <typename FirstIndex>
1516    constexpr reference operator()(FirstIndex idx)
1517    {
1518        return this->operator[](narrow_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(idx));
1519    }
1520
1521    template <typename FirstIndex, typename... OtherIndices>
1522    constexpr reference operator()(FirstIndex firstIndex, OtherIndices... indices)
1523    {
1524        const index_type idx = {narrow_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(firstIndex),
1525                                narrow_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(indices)...};
1526        return this->operator[](idx);
1527    }
1528
1529    GSL_SUPPRESS(bounds.1) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
1530    constexpr reference operator[](const index_type& idx) const
1531    {
1532        return data_[bounds_.linearize(idx)];
1533    }
1534
1535    template <bool Enabled = (Rank > 1), typename Ret = std::enable_if_t<Enabled, sliced_type>>
1536
1537    GSL_SUPPRESS(bounds.1) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
1538    constexpr Ret operator[](size_type idx) const
1539    {
1540        Expects(idx >= 0 && idx < bounds_.size()); // index is out of bounds of the array
1541        const size_type ridx = idx * bounds_.stride();
1542
1543        // index is out of bounds of the underlying data
1544        Expects(ridx < bounds_.total_size());
1545        return Ret{data_ + ridx, bounds_.slice()};
1546    }
1547
1548    constexpr iterator begin() const noexcept { return iterator{this, true}; }
1549
1550    constexpr iterator end() const noexcept { return iterator{this, false}; }
1551
1552    GSL_SUPPRESS(type.1) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
1553    constexpr const_iterator cbegin() const noexcept
1554    {
1555        return const_iterator{reinterpret_cast<const const_span*>(this), true};
1556    }
1557
1558    constexpr const_iterator cend() const noexcept
1559    {
1560        return const_iterator{reinterpret_cast<const const_span*>(this), false};
1561    }
1562
1563    constexpr reverse_iterator rbegin() const noexcept { return reverse_iterator{end()}; }
1564
1565    constexpr reverse_iterator rend() const noexcept { return reverse_iterator{begin()}; }
1566
1567    constexpr const_reverse_iterator crbegin() const noexcept
1568    {
1569        return const_reverse_iterator{cend()};
1570    }
1571
1572    constexpr const_reverse_iterator crend() const noexcept
1573    {
1574        return const_reverse_iterator{cbegin()};
1575    }
1576
1577    template <typename OtherValueType, std::ptrdiff_t... OtherDimensions,
1578              typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_same<std::remove_cv_t<value_type>,
1579                                                       std::remove_cv_t<OtherValueType>>::value>>
1580    constexpr bool operator==(const multi_span<OtherValueType, OtherDimensions...>& other) const
1581    {
1582        return bounds_.size() == other.bounds_.size() &&
1583               (data_ == other.data_ || std::equal(this->begin(), this->end(), other.begin()));
1584    }
1585
1586    template <typename OtherValueType, std::ptrdiff_t... OtherDimensions,
1587              typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_same<std::remove_cv_t<value_type>,
1588                                                       std::remove_cv_t<OtherValueType>>::value>>
1589    constexpr bool operator!=(const multi_span<OtherValueType, OtherDimensions...>& other) const
1590    {
1591        return !(*this == other);
1592    }
1593
1594    template <typename OtherValueType, std::ptrdiff_t... OtherDimensions,
1595              typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_same<std::remove_cv_t<value_type>,
1596                                                       std::remove_cv_t<OtherValueType>>::value>>
1597    constexpr bool operator<(const multi_span<OtherValueType, OtherDimensions...>& other) const
1598    {
1599        return std::lexicographical_compare(this->begin(), this->end(), other.begin(), other.end());
1600    }
1601
1602    template <typename OtherValueType, std::ptrdiff_t... OtherDimensions,
1603              typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_same<std::remove_cv_t<value_type>,
1604                                                       std::remove_cv_t<OtherValueType>>::value>>
1605    constexpr bool operator<=(const multi_span<OtherValueType, OtherDimensions...>& other) const
1606    {
1607        return !(other < *this);
1608    }
1609
1610    template <typename OtherValueType, std::ptrdiff_t... OtherDimensions,
1611              typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_same<std::remove_cv_t<value_type>,
1612                                                       std::remove_cv_t<OtherValueType>>::value>>
1613    constexpr bool operator>(const multi_span<OtherValueType, OtherDimensions...>& other)
1614        const noexcept
1615    {
1616        return (other < *this);
1617    }
1618
1619    template <typename OtherValueType, std::ptrdiff_t... OtherDimensions,
1620              typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_same<std::remove_cv_t<value_type>,
1621                                                       std::remove_cv_t<OtherValueType>>::value>>
1622    constexpr bool operator>=(const multi_span<OtherValueType, OtherDimensions...>& other) const
1623    {
1624        return !(*this < other);
1625    }
1626};
1627
1628//
1629// Free functions for manipulating spans
1630//
1631
1632// reshape a multi_span into a different dimensionality
1633// DimCount and Enabled here are workarounds for a bug in MSVC 2015
1634template <typename SpanType, typename... Dimensions2, std::size_t DimCount = sizeof...(Dimensions2),
1635          bool Enabled = (DimCount > 0), typename = std::enable_if_t<Enabled>>
1636constexpr auto as_multi_span(SpanType s, Dimensions2... dims)
1637    -> multi_span<typename SpanType::value_type, Dimensions2::value...>
1638{
1639    static_assert(details::is_multi_span<SpanType>::value,
1640                  "Variadic as_multi_span() is for reshaping existing spans.");
1641    using BoundsType =
1642        typename multi_span<typename SpanType::value_type, (Dimensions2::value)...>::bounds_type;
1643    const auto tobounds = details::static_as_multi_span_helper<BoundsType>(dims..., details::Sep{});
1644    details::verifyBoundsReshape(s.bounds(), tobounds);
1645    return {s.data(), tobounds};
1646}
1647
1648// convert a multi_span<T> to a multi_span<const byte>
1649template <typename U, std::ptrdiff_t... Dimensions>
1650multi_span<const byte, dynamic_range>
1651as_bytes(multi_span<U, Dimensions...> s) noexcept
1652{
1653    static_assert(std::is_trivial<std::decay_t<U>>::value,
1654                  "The value_type of multi_span must be a trivial type.");
1655    return {reinterpret_cast<const byte*>(s.data()), s.size_bytes()};
1656}
1657
1658// convert a multi_span<T> to a multi_span<byte> (a writeable byte multi_span)
1659// this is not currently a portable function that can be relied upon to work
1660// on all implementations. It should be considered an experimental extension
1661// to the standard GSL interface.
1662template <typename U, std::ptrdiff_t... Dimensions>
1663multi_span<byte> as_writeable_bytes(multi_span<U, Dimensions...> s) noexcept
1664{
1665    static_assert(std::is_trivial<std::decay_t<U>>::value,
1666                  "The value_type of multi_span must be a trivial type.");
1667    return {reinterpret_cast<byte*>(s.data()), s.size_bytes()};
1668}
1669
1670// convert a multi_span<const byte> to a multi_span<const T>
1671// this is not currently a portable function that can be relied upon to work
1672// on all implementations. It should be considered an experimental extension
1673// to the standard GSL interface.
1674template <typename U, std::ptrdiff_t... Dimensions>
1675constexpr auto as_multi_span(multi_span<const byte, Dimensions...> s) -> multi_span<
1676    const U, static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(
1677                 multi_span<const byte, Dimensions...>::bounds_type::static_size != dynamic_range
1678                     ? (static_cast<std::size_t>(
1679                            multi_span<const byte, Dimensions...>::bounds_type::static_size) /
1680                        sizeof(U))
1681                     : dynamic_range)>
1682{
1683    using ConstByteSpan = multi_span<const byte, Dimensions...>;
1684    static_assert(
1685        std::is_trivial<std::decay_t<U>>::value &&
1686            (ConstByteSpan::bounds_type::static_size == dynamic_range ||
1687             ConstByteSpan::bounds_type::static_size % narrow_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(sizeof(U)) == 0),
1688        "Target type must be a trivial type and its size must match the byte array size");
1689
1690    Expects((s.size_bytes() % narrow_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(sizeof(U))) == 0 &&
1691            (s.size_bytes() / narrow_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(sizeof(U))) < PTRDIFF_MAX);
1692    return {reinterpret_cast<const U*>(s.data()),
1693            s.size_bytes() / narrow_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(sizeof(U))};
1694}
1695
1696// convert a multi_span<byte> to a multi_span<T>
1697// this is not currently a portable function that can be relied upon to work
1698// on all implementations. It should be considered an experimental extension
1699// to the standard GSL interface.
1700template <typename U, std::ptrdiff_t... Dimensions>
1701constexpr auto as_multi_span(multi_span<byte, Dimensions...> s)
1702    -> multi_span<U, narrow_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(
1703                         multi_span<byte, Dimensions...>::bounds_type::static_size != dynamic_range
1704                             ? static_cast<std::size_t>(
1705                                   multi_span<byte, Dimensions...>::bounds_type::static_size) /
1706                                   sizeof(U)
1707                             : dynamic_range)>
1708{
1709    using ByteSpan = multi_span<byte, Dimensions...>;
1710    static_assert(std::is_trivial<std::decay_t<U>>::value &&
1711                      (ByteSpan::bounds_type::static_size == dynamic_range ||
1712                       ByteSpan::bounds_type::static_size % sizeof(U) == 0),
1713                  "Target type must be a trivial type and its size must match the byte array size");
1714
1715    Expects((s.size_bytes() % sizeof(U)) == 0);
1716    return {reinterpret_cast<U*>(s.data()),
1717            s.size_bytes() / narrow_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(sizeof(U))};
1718}
1719
1720template <typename T, std::ptrdiff_t... Dimensions>
1721constexpr auto as_multi_span(T* const& ptr, dim_t<Dimensions>... args)
1722    -> multi_span<std::remove_all_extents_t<T>, Dimensions...>
1723{
1724    return {reinterpret_cast<std::remove_all_extents_t<T>*>(ptr),
1725            details::static_as_multi_span_helper<static_bounds<Dimensions...>>(args...,
1726                                                                               details::Sep{})};
1727}
1728
1729template <typename T>
1730constexpr auto as_multi_span(T* arr, std::ptrdiff_t len) ->
1731    typename details::SpanArrayTraits<T, dynamic_range>::type
1732{
1733    return {reinterpret_cast<std::remove_all_extents_t<T>*>(arr), len};
1734}
1735
1736template <typename T, std::size_t N>
1737constexpr auto as_multi_span(T (&arr)[N]) ->
1738    typename details::SpanArrayTraits<T, N>::type
1739{
1740    return {arr};
1741}
1742
1743template <typename T, std::size_t N>
1744constexpr multi_span<const T, N> as_multi_span(const std::array<T, N>& arr)
1745{
1746    return {arr};
1747}
1748
1749template <typename T, std::size_t N>
1750constexpr multi_span<const T, N> as_multi_span(const std::array<T, N>&&) = delete;
1751
1752template <typename T, std::size_t N>
1753constexpr multi_span<T, N> as_multi_span(std::array<T, N>& arr)
1754{
1755    return {arr};
1756}
1757
1758template <typename T>
1759constexpr multi_span<T, dynamic_range> as_multi_span(T* begin, T* end)
1760{
1761    return {begin, end};
1762}
1763
1764template <typename Cont>
1765constexpr auto as_multi_span(Cont& arr) -> std::enable_if_t<
1766    !details::is_multi_span<std::decay_t<Cont>>::value,
1767    multi_span<std::remove_reference_t<decltype(arr.size(), *arr.data())>, dynamic_range>>
1768{
1769    Expects(arr.size() < PTRDIFF_MAX);
1770    return {arr.data(), narrow_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(arr.size())};
1771}
1772
1773template <typename Cont>
1774constexpr auto as_multi_span(Cont&& arr) -> std::enable_if_t<
1775    !details::is_multi_span<std::decay_t<Cont>>::value,
1776    multi_span<std::remove_reference_t<decltype(arr.size(), *arr.data())>, dynamic_range>> = delete;
1777
1778// from basic_string which doesn't have nonconst .data() member like other contiguous containers
1779template <typename CharT, typename Traits, typename Allocator>
1780GSL_SUPPRESS(bounds.4) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
1781constexpr auto as_multi_span(std::basic_string<CharT, Traits, Allocator>& str)
1782    -> multi_span<CharT, dynamic_range>
1783{
1784    Expects(str.size() < PTRDIFF_MAX);
1785    return {&str[0], narrow_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(str.size())};
1786}
1787
1788// strided_span is an extension that is not strictly part of the GSL at this time.
1789// It is kept here while the multidimensional interface is still being defined.
1790template <typename ValueType, std::size_t Rank>
1791class [[deprecated("gsl::strided_span is deprecated because it is not in the C++ Core Guidelines")]] strided_span
1792{
1793public:
1794    using bounds_type = strided_bounds<Rank>;
1795    using size_type = typename bounds_type::size_type;
1796    using index_type = typename bounds_type::index_type;
1797    using value_type = ValueType;
1798    using const_value_type = std::add_const_t<value_type>;
1799    using pointer = std::add_pointer_t<value_type>;
1800    using reference = std::add_lvalue_reference_t<value_type>;
1801    using iterator = general_span_iterator<strided_span>;
1802    using const_strided_span = strided_span<const_value_type, Rank>;
1803    using const_iterator = general_span_iterator<const_strided_span>;
1804    using reverse_iterator = std::reverse_iterator<iterator>;
1805    using const_reverse_iterator = std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator>;
1806    using sliced_type =
1807        std::conditional_t<Rank == 1, value_type, strided_span<value_type, Rank - 1>>;
1808
1809private:
1810    pointer data_;
1811    bounds_type bounds_;
1812
1813    friend iterator;
1814    friend const_iterator;
1815    template <typename OtherValueType, std::size_t OtherRank>
1816    friend class strided_span;
1817
1818public:
1819    // from raw data
1820    constexpr strided_span(pointer ptr, size_type size, bounds_type bounds)
1821        : data_(ptr), bounds_(std::move(bounds))
1822    {
1823        Expects((bounds_.size() > 0 && ptr != nullptr) || bounds_.size() == 0);
1824        // Bounds cross data boundaries
1825        Expects(this->bounds().total_size() <= size);
1826        GSL_SUPPRESS(type.4) // NO-FORMAT: attribute // TODO: false positive
1827        (void) size;
1828    }
1829
1830    // from static array of size N
1831    template <size_type N>
1832    constexpr strided_span(value_type (&values)[N], bounds_type bounds)
1833        : strided_span(values, N, std::move(bounds))
1834    {}
1835
1836    // from array view
1837    template <typename OtherValueType, std::ptrdiff_t... Dimensions,
1838              bool Enabled1 = (sizeof...(Dimensions) == Rank),
1839              bool Enabled2 = std::is_convertible<OtherValueType*, ValueType*>::value,
1840              typename = std::enable_if_t<Enabled1 && Enabled2>>
1841    constexpr strided_span(multi_span<OtherValueType, Dimensions...> av, bounds_type bounds)
1842        : strided_span(av.data(), av.bounds().total_size(), std::move(bounds))
1843    {}
1844
1845    // convertible
1846    template <typename OtherValueType, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_convertible<
1847                                           OtherValueType (*)[], value_type (*)[]>::value>>
1848    constexpr strided_span(const strided_span<OtherValueType, Rank>& other)
1849        : data_(other.data_), bounds_(other.bounds_)
1850    {}
1851
1852    // convert from bytes
1853    template <typename OtherValueType>
1854    constexpr strided_span<
1855        typename std::enable_if<std::is_same<value_type, const byte>::value, OtherValueType>::type,
1856        Rank>
1857    as_strided_span() const
1858    {
1859        static_assert((sizeof(OtherValueType) >= sizeof(value_type)) &&
1860                          (sizeof(OtherValueType) % sizeof(value_type) == 0),
1861                      "OtherValueType should have a size to contain a multiple of ValueTypes");
1862        auto d = narrow_cast<size_type>(sizeof(OtherValueType) / sizeof(value_type));
1863
1864        const size_type size = this->bounds().total_size() / d;
1865
1866        GSL_SUPPRESS(type.3) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
1867        return {const_cast<OtherValueType*>(reinterpret_cast<const OtherValueType*>(this->data())),
1868                size,
1869                bounds_type{resize_extent(this->bounds().index_bounds(), d),
1870                            resize_stride(this->bounds().strides(), d)}};
1871    }
1872
1873    constexpr strided_span section(index_type origin, index_type extents) const
1874    {
1875        const size_type size = this->bounds().total_size() - this->bounds().linearize(origin);
1876        return {&this->operator[](origin), size,
1877                bounds_type{extents, details::make_stride(bounds())}};
1878    }
1879
1880    GSL_SUPPRESS(bounds.1) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
1881    constexpr reference operator[](const index_type& idx) const
1882    {
1883        return data_[bounds_.linearize(idx)];
1884    }
1885
1886    template <bool Enabled = (Rank > 1), typename Ret = std::enable_if_t<Enabled, sliced_type>>
1887    GSL_SUPPRESS(bounds.1) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
1888    constexpr Ret operator[](size_type idx) const
1889    {
1890        Expects(idx < bounds_.size()); // index is out of bounds of the array
1891        const size_type ridx = idx * bounds_.stride();
1892
1893        // index is out of bounds of the underlying data
1894        Expects(ridx < bounds_.total_size());
1895        return {data_ + ridx, bounds_.slice().total_size(), bounds_.slice()};
1896    }
1897
1898    constexpr bounds_type bounds() const noexcept { return bounds_; }
1899
1900    template <std::size_t Dim = 0>
1901    constexpr size_type extent() const noexcept
1902    {
1903        static_assert(Dim < Rank,
1904                      "dimension should be less than Rank (dimension count starts from 0)");
1905        return bounds_.template extent<Dim>();
1906    }
1907
1908    constexpr size_type size() const noexcept { return bounds_.size(); }
1909
1910    constexpr pointer data() const noexcept { return data_; }
1911
1912    constexpr bool empty() const noexcept { return this->size() == 0; }
1913
1914    constexpr explicit operator bool() const noexcept { return data_ != nullptr; }
1915
1916    constexpr iterator begin() const { return iterator{this, true}; }
1917
1918    constexpr iterator end() const { return iterator{this, false}; }
1919
1920    constexpr const_iterator cbegin() const
1921    {
1922        return const_iterator{reinterpret_cast<const const_strided_span*>(this), true};
1923    }
1924
1925    constexpr const_iterator cend() const
1926    {
1927        return const_iterator{reinterpret_cast<const const_strided_span*>(this), false};
1928    }
1929
1930    constexpr reverse_iterator rbegin() const { return reverse_iterator{end()}; }
1931
1932    constexpr reverse_iterator rend() const { return reverse_iterator{begin()}; }
1933
1934    constexpr const_reverse_iterator crbegin() const { return const_reverse_iterator{cend()}; }
1935
1936    constexpr const_reverse_iterator crend() const { return const_reverse_iterator{cbegin()}; }
1937
1938    template <typename OtherValueType, std::ptrdiff_t OtherRank,
1939              typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_same<std::remove_cv_t<value_type>,
1940                                                       std::remove_cv_t<OtherValueType>>::value>>
1941    constexpr bool operator==(const strided_span<OtherValueType, OtherRank>& other) const
1942    {
1943        return bounds_.size() == other.bounds_.size() &&
1944               (data_ == other.data_ || std::equal(this->begin(), this->end(), other.begin()));
1945    }
1946
1947    template <typename OtherValueType, std::ptrdiff_t OtherRank,
1948              typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_same<std::remove_cv_t<value_type>,
1949                                                       std::remove_cv_t<OtherValueType>>::value>>
1950    constexpr bool operator!=(const strided_span<OtherValueType, OtherRank>& other) const
1951    {
1952        return !(*this == other);
1953    }
1954
1955    template <typename OtherValueType, std::ptrdiff_t OtherRank,
1956              typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_same<std::remove_cv_t<value_type>,
1957                                                       std::remove_cv_t<OtherValueType>>::value>>
1958    constexpr bool operator<(const strided_span<OtherValueType, OtherRank>& other) const
1959    {
1960        return std::lexicographical_compare(this->begin(), this->end(), other.begin(), other.end());
1961    }
1962
1963    template <typename OtherValueType, std::ptrdiff_t OtherRank,
1964              typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_same<std::remove_cv_t<value_type>,
1965                                                       std::remove_cv_t<OtherValueType>>::value>>
1966    constexpr bool operator<=(const strided_span<OtherValueType, OtherRank>& other) const
1967    {
1968        return !(other < *this);
1969    }
1970
1971    template <typename OtherValueType, std::ptrdiff_t OtherRank,
1972              typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_same<std::remove_cv_t<value_type>,
1973                                                       std::remove_cv_t<OtherValueType>>::value>>
1974    constexpr bool operator>(const strided_span<OtherValueType, OtherRank>& other) const
1975    {
1976        return (other < *this);
1977    }
1978
1979    template <typename OtherValueType, std::ptrdiff_t OtherRank,
1980              typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_same<std::remove_cv_t<value_type>,
1981                                                       std::remove_cv_t<OtherValueType>>::value>>
1982    constexpr bool operator>=(const strided_span<OtherValueType, OtherRank>& other) const
1983    {
1984        return !(*this < other);
1985    }
1986
1987private:
1988    static index_type resize_extent(const index_type& extent, std::ptrdiff_t d)
1989    {
1990        // The last dimension of the array needs to contain a multiple of new type elements
1991        GSL_SUPPRESS(bounds.4) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
1992        Expects(extent[Rank - 1] >= d && (extent[Rank - 1] % d == 0));
1993
1994        index_type ret = extent;
1995        ret[Rank - 1] /= d;
1996
1997        return ret;
1998    }
1999
2000    template <bool Enabled = (Rank == 1), typename = std::enable_if_t<Enabled>>
2001    static index_type resize_stride(const index_type& strides, std::ptrdiff_t, void* = nullptr)
2002    {
2003        // Only strided arrays with regular strides can be resized
2004        GSL_SUPPRESS(bounds.4) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
2005        Expects(strides[Rank - 1] == 1);
2006
2007        return strides;
2008    }
2009
2010    template <bool Enabled = (Rank > 1), typename = std::enable_if_t<Enabled>>
2011    GSL_SUPPRESS(bounds.4) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
2012    static index_type resize_stride(const index_type& strides, std::ptrdiff_t d)
2013    {
2014        // Only strided arrays with regular strides can be resized
2015        Expects(strides[Rank - 1] == 1);
2016        // The strides must have contiguous chunks of
2017        // memory that can contain a multiple of new type elements
2018        Expects(strides[Rank - 2] >= d && (strides[Rank - 2] % d == 0));
2019
2020        for (std::size_t i = Rank - 1; i > 0; --i)
2021        {
2022            // Only strided arrays with regular strides can be resized
2023            Expects((strides[i - 1] >= strides[i]) && (strides[i - 1] % strides[i] == 0));
2024        }
2025
2026        index_type ret = strides / d;
2027        ret[Rank - 1] = 1;
2028
2029        return ret;
2030    }
2031};
2032
2033template <class Span>
2034class [[deprecated]] contiguous_span_iterator {
2035public:
2036    using iterator_category = std::random_access_iterator_tag;
2037    using value_type = typename Span::value_type;
2038    using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
2039    using pointer = value_type*;
2040    using reference = value_type&;
2041
2042private:
2043    template <typename ValueType, std::ptrdiff_t FirstDimension, std::ptrdiff_t... RestDimensions>
2044    friend class multi_span;
2045
2046    pointer data_;
2047    const Span* m_validator;
2048
2049    GSL_SUPPRESS(bounds.1) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
2050    void validateThis() const
2051    {
2052        // iterator is out of range of the array
2053        Expects(data_ >= m_validator->data_ && data_ < m_validator->data_ + m_validator->size());
2054    }
2055
2056    GSL_SUPPRESS(bounds.1) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
2057    contiguous_span_iterator(const Span* container, bool isbegin)
2058        : data_(isbegin ? container->data_ : container->data_ + container->size())
2059        , m_validator(container)
2060    {}
2061
2062public:
2063    reference operator*() const
2064    {
2065        validateThis();
2066        return *data_;
2067    }
2068    pointer operator->() const
2069    {
2070        validateThis();
2071        return data_;
2072    }
2073
2074    GSL_SUPPRESS(bounds.1) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
2075    contiguous_span_iterator& operator++() noexcept
2076    {
2077        ++data_;
2078        return *this;
2079    }
2080    contiguous_span_iterator operator++(int) noexcept
2081    {
2082        auto ret = *this;
2083        ++(*this);
2084        return ret;
2085    }
2086
2087    GSL_SUPPRESS(bounds.1) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
2088    contiguous_span_iterator& operator--() noexcept
2089    {
2090        --data_;
2091        return *this;
2092    }
2093    contiguous_span_iterator operator--(int) noexcept
2094    {
2095        auto ret = *this;
2096        --(*this);
2097        return ret;
2098    }
2099    contiguous_span_iterator operator+(difference_type n) const noexcept
2100    {
2101        contiguous_span_iterator ret{*this};
2102        return ret += n;
2103    }
2104    contiguous_span_iterator& operator+=(difference_type n) noexcept
2105    {
2106        data_ += n;
2107        return *this;
2108    }
2109    contiguous_span_iterator operator-(difference_type n) const noexcept
2110    {
2111        contiguous_span_iterator ret{*this};
2112        return ret -= n;
2113    }
2114
2115    contiguous_span_iterator& operator-=(difference_type n) { return *this += -n; }
2116    difference_type operator-(const contiguous_span_iterator& rhs) const
2117    {
2118        Expects(m_validator == rhs.m_validator);
2119        return data_ - rhs.data_;
2120    }
2121    reference operator[](difference_type n) const { return *(*this + n); }
2122    bool operator==(const contiguous_span_iterator& rhs) const
2123    {
2124        Expects(m_validator == rhs.m_validator);
2125        return data_ == rhs.data_;
2126    }
2127
2128    bool operator!=(const contiguous_span_iterator& rhs) const { return !(*this == rhs); }
2129
2130    bool operator<(const contiguous_span_iterator& rhs) const
2131    {
2132        Expects(m_validator == rhs.m_validator);
2133        return data_ < rhs.data_;
2134    }
2135
2136    bool operator<=(const contiguous_span_iterator& rhs) const { return !(rhs < *this); }
2137    bool operator>(const contiguous_span_iterator& rhs) const { return rhs < *this; }
2138    bool operator>=(const contiguous_span_iterator& rhs) const { return !(rhs > *this); }
2139
2140    void swap(contiguous_span_iterator & rhs) noexcept
2141    {
2142        std::swap(data_, rhs.data_);
2143        std::swap(m_validator, rhs.m_validator);
2144    }
2145};
2146
2147template <typename Span>
2148contiguous_span_iterator<Span> operator+(typename contiguous_span_iterator<Span>::difference_type n,
2149                                         const contiguous_span_iterator<Span>& rhs) noexcept
2150{
2151    return rhs + n;
2152}
2153
2154template <typename Span>
2155class [[deprecated]] general_span_iterator {
2156public:
2157    using iterator_category = std::random_access_iterator_tag;
2158    using value_type = typename Span::value_type;
2159    using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
2160    using pointer = value_type*;
2161    using reference = value_type&;
2162
2163private:
2164    template <typename ValueType, std::size_t Rank>
2165    friend class strided_span;
2166
2167    const Span* m_container;
2168    typename Span::bounds_type::iterator m_itr;
2169    general_span_iterator(const Span* container, bool isbegin)
2170        : m_container(container)
2171        , m_itr(isbegin ? m_container->bounds().begin() : m_container->bounds().end())
2172    {}
2173
2174public:
2175    reference operator*() noexcept { return (*m_container)[*m_itr]; }
2176    pointer operator->() noexcept { return &(*m_container)[*m_itr]; }
2177    general_span_iterator& operator++() noexcept
2178    {
2179        ++m_itr;
2180        return *this;
2181    }
2182    general_span_iterator operator++(int) noexcept
2183    {
2184        auto ret = *this;
2185        ++(*this);
2186        return ret;
2187    }
2188    general_span_iterator& operator--() noexcept
2189    {
2190        --m_itr;
2191        return *this;
2192    }
2193    general_span_iterator operator--(int) noexcept
2194    {
2195        auto ret = *this;
2196        --(*this);
2197        return ret;
2198    }
2199    general_span_iterator operator+(difference_type n) const noexcept
2200    {
2201        general_span_iterator ret{*this};
2202        return ret += n;
2203    }
2204    general_span_iterator& operator+=(difference_type n) noexcept
2205    {
2206        m_itr += n;
2207        return *this;
2208    }
2209    general_span_iterator operator-(difference_type n) const noexcept
2210    {
2211        general_span_iterator ret{*this};
2212        return ret -= n;
2213    }
2214    general_span_iterator& operator-=(difference_type n) noexcept { return *this += -n; }
2215    difference_type operator-(const general_span_iterator& rhs) const
2216    {
2217        Expects(m_container == rhs.m_container);
2218        return m_itr - rhs.m_itr;
2219    }
2220
2221    GSL_SUPPRESS(bounds.4) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
2222    value_type operator[](difference_type n) const { return (*m_container)[m_itr[n]]; }
2223
2224    bool operator==(const general_span_iterator& rhs) const
2225    {
2226        Expects(m_container == rhs.m_container);
2227        return m_itr == rhs.m_itr;
2228    }
2229    bool operator!=(const general_span_iterator& rhs) const { return !(*this == rhs); }
2230    bool operator<(const general_span_iterator& rhs) const
2231    {
2232        Expects(m_container == rhs.m_container);
2233        return m_itr < rhs.m_itr;
2234    }
2235    bool operator<=(const general_span_iterator& rhs) const { return !(rhs < *this); }
2236    bool operator>(const general_span_iterator& rhs) const { return rhs < *this; }
2237    bool operator>=(const general_span_iterator& rhs) const { return !(rhs > *this); }
2238    void swap(general_span_iterator & rhs) noexcept
2239    {
2240        std::swap(m_itr, rhs.m_itr);
2241        std::swap(m_container, rhs.m_container);
2242    }
2243};
2244
2245template <typename Span>
2246general_span_iterator<Span> operator+(typename general_span_iterator<Span>::difference_type n,
2247                                      const general_span_iterator<Span>& rhs) noexcept
2248{
2249    return rhs + n;
2250}
2251
2252} // namespace gsl
2253
2254#if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(__clang__)
2255#if _MSC_VER < 1910
2256
2257#undef constexpr
2258#pragma pop_macro("constexpr")
2259#endif // _MSC_VER < 1910
2260
2261#pragma warning(pop)
2262
2263#endif // _MSC_VER
2264
2265#if defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ > 6
2266#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
2267#endif // __GNUC__ > 6
2268
2269#if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
2270#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
2271#endif
2272
2273#endif // GSL_MULTI_SPAN_H
2274