src/script/standard.cpp

// Copyright (c) 2009-2010 Satoshi Nakamoto
// Copyright (c) 2009-2018 The Bitcoin Core developers
// Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
// file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.

#include <script/standard.h>

#include <crypto/sha256.h>
#include <pubkey.h>
#include <script/script.h>
#include <util/system.h>
#include <util/strencodings.h>


typedef std::vector<unsigned char> valtype;

bool fAcceptDatacarrier = DEFAULT_ACCEPT_DATACARRIER;
unsigned nMaxDatacarrierBytes = MAX_OP_RETURN_RELAY;

CScriptID::CScriptID(const CScript& in) : uint160(Hash160(in.begin(), in.end())) {}

WitnessV0ScriptHash::WitnessV0ScriptHash(const CScript& in)
{
    CSHA256().Write(in.data(), in.size()).Finalize(begin());
}

const char* GetTxnOutputType(txnouttype t)
{
    switch (t)
    {
    case TX_NONSTANDARD: return "nonstandard";
    case TX_PUBKEY: return "pubkey";
    case TX_PUBKEYHASH: return "pubkeyhash";
    case TX_SCRIPTHASH: return "scripthash";
    case TX_MULTISIG: return "multisig";
    case TX_NULL_DATA: return "nulldata";
    case TX_WITNESS_V0_KEYHASH: return "witness_v0_keyhash";
    case TX_WITNESS_V0_SCRIPTHASH: return "witness_v0_scripthash";
    case TX_WITNESS_UNKNOWN: return "witness_unknown";
    }
    return nullptr;
}

static bool MatchPayToPubkey(const CScript& script, valtype& pubkey)
{
    if (script.size() == CPubKey::PUBLIC_KEY_SIZE + 2 && script[0] == CPubKey::PUBLIC_KEY_SIZE && script.back() == OP_CHECKSIG) {
        pubkey = valtype(script.begin() + 1, script.begin() + CPubKey::PUBLIC_KEY_SIZE + 1);
        return CPubKey::ValidSize(pubkey);
    }
    if (script.size() == CPubKey::COMPRESSED_PUBLIC_KEY_SIZE + 2 && script[0] == CPubKey::COMPRESSED_PUBLIC_KEY_SIZE && script.back() == OP_CHECKSIG) {
        pubkey = valtype(script.begin() + 1, script.begin() + CPubKey::COMPRESSED_PUBLIC_KEY_SIZE + 1);
        return CPubKey::ValidSize(pubkey);
    }
    return false;
}

static bool MatchPayToPubkeyHash(const CScript& script, valtype& pubkeyhash)
{
    if (script.size() == 25 && script[0] == OP_DUP && script[1] == OP_HASH160 && script[2] == 20 && script[23] == OP_EQUALVERIFY && script[24] == OP_CHECKSIG) {
        pubkeyhash = valtype(script.begin () + 3, script.begin() + 23);
        return true;
    }
    return false;
}

/** Test for "small positive integer" script opcodes - OP_1 through OP_16. */
static constexpr bool IsSmallInteger(opcodetype opcode)
{
    return opcode >= OP_1 && opcode <= OP_16;
}

static bool MatchMultisig(const CScript& script, unsigned int& required, std::vector<valtype>& pubkeys)
{
    opcodetype opcode;
    valtype data;
    CScript::const_iterator it = script.begin();
    if (script.size() < 1 || script.back() != OP_CHECKMULTISIG) return false;

    if (!script.GetOp(it, opcode, data) || !IsSmallInteger(opcode)) return false;
    required = CScript::DecodeOP_N(opcode);
    while (script.GetOp(it, opcode, data) && CPubKey::ValidSize(data)) {
        pubkeys.emplace_back(std::move(data));
    }
    if (!IsSmallInteger(opcode)) return false;
    unsigned int keys = CScript::DecodeOP_N(opcode);
    if (pubkeys.size() != keys || keys < required) return false;
    return (it + 1 == script.end());
}

txnouttype Solver(const CScript& scriptPubKey, std::vector<std::vector<unsigned char>>& vSolutionsRet)
{
    vSolutionsRet.clear();

    // Shortcut for pay-to-script-hash, which are more constrained than the other types:
    // it is always OP_HASH160 20 [20 byte hash] OP_EQUAL
    if (scriptPubKey.IsPayToScriptHash())
    {
        std::vector<unsigned char> hashBytes(scriptPubKey.begin()+2, scriptPubKey.begin()+22);
        vSolutionsRet.push_back(hashBytes);
        return TX_SCRIPTHASH;
    }

    int witnessversion;
    std::vector<unsigned char> witnessprogram;
    if (scriptPubKey.IsWitnessProgram(witnessversion, witnessprogram)) {
        if (witnessversion == 0 && witnessprogram.size() == WITNESS_V0_KEYHASH_SIZE) {
            vSolutionsRet.push_back(witnessprogram);
            return TX_WITNESS_V0_KEYHASH;
        }
        if (witnessversion == 0 && witnessprogram.size() == WITNESS_V0_SCRIPTHASH_SIZE) {
            vSolutionsRet.push_back(witnessprogram);
            return TX_WITNESS_V0_SCRIPTHASH;
        }
        if (witnessversion != 0) {
            vSolutionsRet.push_back(std::vector<unsigned char>{(unsigned char)witnessversion});
            vSolutionsRet.push_back(std::move(witnessprogram));
            return TX_WITNESS_UNKNOWN;
        }
        return TX_NONSTANDARD;
    }

    // Provably prunable, data-carrying output
    //
    // So long as script passes the IsUnspendable() test and all but the first
    // byte passes the IsPushOnly() test we don't care what exactly is in the
    // script.
    if (scriptPubKey.size() >= 1 && scriptPubKey[0] == OP_RETURN && scriptPubKey.IsPushOnly(scriptPubKey.begin()+1)) {
        return TX_NULL_DATA;
    }

    std::vector<unsigned char> data;
    if (MatchPayToPubkey(scriptPubKey, data)) {
        vSolutionsRet.push_back(std::move(data));
        return TX_PUBKEY;
    }

    if (MatchPayToPubkeyHash(scriptPubKey, data)) {
        vSolutionsRet.push_back(std::move(data));
        return TX_PUBKEYHASH;
    }

    unsigned int required;
    std::vector<std::vector<unsigned char>> keys;
    if (MatchMultisig(scriptPubKey, required, keys)) {
        vSolutionsRet.push_back({static_cast<unsigned char>(required)}); // safe as required is in range 1..16
        vSolutionsRet.insert(vSolutionsRet.end(), keys.begin(), keys.end());
        vSolutionsRet.push_back({static_cast<unsigned char>(keys.size())}); // safe as size is in range 1..16
        return TX_MULTISIG;
    }

    vSolutionsRet.clear();
    return TX_NONSTANDARD;
}

bool ExtractDestination(const CScript& scriptPubKey, CTxDestination& addressRet)
{
    std::vector<valtype> vSolutions;
    txnouttype whichType = Solver(scriptPubKey, vSolutions);

    if (whichType == TX_PUBKEY) {
        CPubKey pubKey(vSolutions[0]);
        if (!pubKey.IsValid())
            return false;

        addressRet = pubKey.GetID();
        return true;
    }
    else if (whichType == TX_PUBKEYHASH)
    {
        addressRet = CKeyID(uint160(vSolutions[0]));
        return true;
    }
    else if (whichType == TX_SCRIPTHASH)
    {
        addressRet = CScriptID(uint160(vSolutions[0]));
        return true;
    } else if (whichType == TX_WITNESS_V0_KEYHASH) {
        WitnessV0KeyHash hash;
        std::copy(vSolutions[0].begin(), vSolutions[0].end(), hash.begin());
        addressRet = hash;
        return true;
    } else if (whichType == TX_WITNESS_V0_SCRIPTHASH) {
        WitnessV0ScriptHash hash;
        std::copy(vSolutions[0].begin(), vSolutions[0].end(), hash.begin());
        addressRet = hash;
        return true;
    } else if (whichType == TX_WITNESS_UNKNOWN) {
        WitnessUnknown unk;
        unk.version = vSolutions[0][0];
        std::copy(vSolutions[1].begin(), vSolutions[1].end(), unk.program);
        unk.length = vSolutions[1].size();
        addressRet = unk;
        return true;
    }
    // Multisig txns have more than one address...
    return false;
}

bool ExtractDestinations(const CScript& scriptPubKey, txnouttype& typeRet, std::vector<CTxDestination>& addressRet, int& nRequiredRet)
{
    addressRet.clear();
    std::vector<valtype> vSolutions;
    typeRet = Solver(scriptPubKey, vSolutions);
    if (typeRet == TX_NONSTANDARD) {
        return false;
    } else if (typeRet == TX_NULL_DATA) {
        // This is data, not addresses
        return false;
    }

    if (typeRet == TX_MULTISIG)
    {
        nRequiredRet = vSolutions.front()[0];
        for (unsigned int i = 1; i < vSolutions.size()-1; i++)
        {
            CPubKey pubKey(vSolutions[i]);
            if (!pubKey.IsValid())
                continue;

            CTxDestination address = pubKey.GetID();
            addressRet.push_back(address);
        }

        if (addressRet.empty())
            return false;
    }
    else
    {
        nRequiredRet = 1;
        CTxDestination address;
        if (!ExtractDestination(scriptPubKey, address))
           return false;
        addressRet.push_back(address);
    }

    return true;
}

namespace
{
class CScriptVisitor : public boost::static_visitor<bool>
{
private:
    CScript *script;
public:
    explicit CScriptVisitor(CScript *scriptin) { script = scriptin; }

    bool operator()(const CNoDestination &dest) const {
        script->clear();
        return false;
    }

    bool operator()(const CKeyID &keyID) const {
        script->clear();
        *script << OP_DUP << OP_HASH160 << ToByteVector(keyID) << OP_EQUALVERIFY << OP_CHECKSIG;
        return true;
    }

    bool operator()(const CScriptID &scriptID) const {
        script->clear();
        *script << OP_HASH160 << ToByteVector(scriptID) << OP_EQUAL;
        return true;
    }

    bool operator()(const WitnessV0KeyHash& id) const
    {
        script->clear();
        *script << OP_0 << ToByteVector(id);
        return true;
    }

    bool operator()(const WitnessV0ScriptHash& id) const
    {
        script->clear();
        *script << OP_0 << ToByteVector(id);
        return true;
    }

    bool operator()(const WitnessUnknown& id) const
    {
        script->clear();
        *script << CScript::EncodeOP_N(id.version) << std::vector<unsigned char>(id.program, id.program + id.length);
        return true;
    }
};
} // namespace

CScript GetScriptForDestination(const CTxDestination& dest)
{
    CScript script;

    boost::apply_visitor(CScriptVisitor(&script), dest);
    return script;
}

CScript GetScriptForRawPubKey(const CPubKey& pubKey)
{
    return CScript() << std::vector<unsigned char>(pubKey.begin(), pubKey.end()) << OP_CHECKSIG;
}

CScript GetScriptForMultisig(int nRequired, const std::vector<CPubKey>& keys)
{
    CScript script;

    script << CScript::EncodeOP_N(nRequired);
    for (const CPubKey& key : keys)
        script << ToByteVector(key);
    script << CScript::EncodeOP_N(keys.size()) << OP_CHECKMULTISIG;
    return script;
}

CScript GetScriptForWitness(const CScript& redeemscript)
{
    std::vector<std::vector<unsigned char> > vSolutions;
    txnouttype typ = Solver(redeemscript, vSolutions);
    if (typ == TX_PUBKEY) {
        return GetScriptForDestination(WitnessV0KeyHash(Hash160(vSolutions[0].begin(), vSolutions[0].end())));
    } else if (typ == TX_PUBKEYHASH) {
        return GetScriptForDestination(WitnessV0KeyHash(vSolutions[0]));
    }
    return GetScriptForDestination(WitnessV0ScriptHash(redeemscript));
}

bool IsValidDestination(const CTxDestination& dest) {
    return dest.which() != 0;
}