1Blurb:: 2Characteristic values to scale each objective function 3 4Description:: 5Each real value in \c primary_scales is a nonzero characteristic value 6to be used in scaling each objective function. They only have effect 7when the associated method specifies \c scaling. 8 9This keyword is required for \ref 10responses-objective_functions-primary_scale_types of <tt>'value'</tt> and 11optional for <tt>'log'</tt>. When specified in conjunction with log, 12scale values are applied prior to the logarithm, to permit log scaling 13of strictly negative response functions. 14 15Length: When specified, \c primary_scales must have length one of: 16 17\li One (the single value will be applied to each objective function); or 18 19\li Number of response groups (\ref responses-objective_functions), so 20the number of scalars plus the number of fields when fields are 21present; or 22 23\li Total number of response elements, so the number of scalar 24responses plus the sum of the lengths of the fields. 25 26<b>Usage Tips:</b> 27 28When \c primary_scales are specified, but not \ref 29responses-objective_functions-primary_scale_types, the scaling type is assumed 30to be 'value' for all primary response functions. 31 32Use scale values of 1.0 to selectively avoid scaling a subset of 33response functions. 34 35When scaling is active, it is applied to objective functions prior to 36any \ref responses-objective_functions-weights and multi-objective sum 37formation. See the equations in \ref responses-objective_functions. 38 39See the scaling information under specific methods, e.g., 40\c method-*-scaling for details on how to use this keyword. 41 42 43Topics:: 44Examples:: 45Theory:: 46Faq:: 47See_Also:: 48