1// Copyright 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
2// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
3// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
4
5// Windows system calls.
6
7package windows
8
9import (
10	errorspkg "errors"
11	"sync"
12	"syscall"
13	"time"
14	"unicode/utf16"
15	"unsafe"
16)
17
18type Handle uintptr
19
20const (
21	InvalidHandle = ^Handle(0)
22
23	// Flags for DefineDosDevice.
24	DDD_EXACT_MATCH_ON_REMOVE = 0x00000004
25	DDD_NO_BROADCAST_SYSTEM   = 0x00000008
26	DDD_RAW_TARGET_PATH       = 0x00000001
27	DDD_REMOVE_DEFINITION     = 0x00000002
28
29	// Return values for GetDriveType.
30	DRIVE_UNKNOWN     = 0
31	DRIVE_NO_ROOT_DIR = 1
32	DRIVE_REMOVABLE   = 2
33	DRIVE_FIXED       = 3
34	DRIVE_REMOTE      = 4
35	DRIVE_CDROM       = 5
36	DRIVE_RAMDISK     = 6
37
38	// File system flags from GetVolumeInformation and GetVolumeInformationByHandle.
39	FILE_CASE_SENSITIVE_SEARCH        = 0x00000001
40	FILE_CASE_PRESERVED_NAMES         = 0x00000002
41	FILE_FILE_COMPRESSION             = 0x00000010
42	FILE_DAX_VOLUME                   = 0x20000000
43	FILE_NAMED_STREAMS                = 0x00040000
44	FILE_PERSISTENT_ACLS              = 0x00000008
45	FILE_READ_ONLY_VOLUME             = 0x00080000
46	FILE_SEQUENTIAL_WRITE_ONCE        = 0x00100000
47	FILE_SUPPORTS_ENCRYPTION          = 0x00020000
48	FILE_SUPPORTS_EXTENDED_ATTRIBUTES = 0x00800000
49	FILE_SUPPORTS_HARD_LINKS          = 0x00400000
50	FILE_SUPPORTS_OBJECT_IDS          = 0x00010000
51	FILE_SUPPORTS_OPEN_BY_FILE_ID     = 0x01000000
52	FILE_SUPPORTS_REPARSE_POINTS      = 0x00000080
53	FILE_SUPPORTS_SPARSE_FILES        = 0x00000040
54	FILE_SUPPORTS_TRANSACTIONS        = 0x00200000
55	FILE_SUPPORTS_USN_JOURNAL         = 0x02000000
56	FILE_UNICODE_ON_DISK              = 0x00000004
57	FILE_VOLUME_IS_COMPRESSED         = 0x00008000
58	FILE_VOLUME_QUOTAS                = 0x00000020
59
60	// Flags for LockFileEx.
61	LOCKFILE_FAIL_IMMEDIATELY = 0x00000001
62	LOCKFILE_EXCLUSIVE_LOCK   = 0x00000002
63
64	// Return values of SleepEx and other APC functions
65	STATUS_USER_APC    = 0x000000C0
66	WAIT_IO_COMPLETION = STATUS_USER_APC
67)
68
69// StringToUTF16 is deprecated. Use UTF16FromString instead.
70// If s contains a NUL byte this function panics instead of
71// returning an error.
72func StringToUTF16(s string) []uint16 {
73	a, err := UTF16FromString(s)
74	if err != nil {
75		panic("windows: string with NUL passed to StringToUTF16")
76	}
77	return a
78}
79
80// UTF16FromString returns the UTF-16 encoding of the UTF-8 string
81// s, with a terminating NUL added. If s contains a NUL byte at any
82// location, it returns (nil, syscall.EINVAL).
83func UTF16FromString(s string) ([]uint16, error) {
84	for i := 0; i < len(s); i++ {
85		if s[i] == 0 {
86			return nil, syscall.EINVAL
87		}
88	}
89	return utf16.Encode([]rune(s + "\x00")), nil
90}
91
92// UTF16ToString returns the UTF-8 encoding of the UTF-16 sequence s,
93// with a terminating NUL removed.
94func UTF16ToString(s []uint16) string {
95	for i, v := range s {
96		if v == 0 {
97			s = s[0:i]
98			break
99		}
100	}
101	return string(utf16.Decode(s))
102}
103
104// StringToUTF16Ptr is deprecated. Use UTF16PtrFromString instead.
105// If s contains a NUL byte this function panics instead of
106// returning an error.
107func StringToUTF16Ptr(s string) *uint16 { return &StringToUTF16(s)[0] }
108
109// UTF16PtrFromString returns pointer to the UTF-16 encoding of
110// the UTF-8 string s, with a terminating NUL added. If s
111// contains a NUL byte at any location, it returns (nil, syscall.EINVAL).
112func UTF16PtrFromString(s string) (*uint16, error) {
113	a, err := UTF16FromString(s)
114	if err != nil {
115		return nil, err
116	}
117	return &a[0], nil
118}
119
120func Getpagesize() int { return 4096 }
121
122// NewCallback converts a Go function to a function pointer conforming to the stdcall calling convention.
123// This is useful when interoperating with Windows code requiring callbacks.
124// The argument is expected to be a function with with one uintptr-sized result. The function must not have arguments with size larger than the size of uintptr.
125func NewCallback(fn interface{}) uintptr {
126	return syscall.NewCallback(fn)
127}
128
129// NewCallbackCDecl converts a Go function to a function pointer conforming to the cdecl calling convention.
130// This is useful when interoperating with Windows code requiring callbacks.
131// The argument is expected to be a function with with one uintptr-sized result. The function must not have arguments with size larger than the size of uintptr.
132func NewCallbackCDecl(fn interface{}) uintptr {
133	return syscall.NewCallbackCDecl(fn)
134}
135
136// windows api calls
137
138//sys	GetLastError() (lasterr error)
139//sys	LoadLibrary(libname string) (handle Handle, err error) = LoadLibraryW
140//sys	LoadLibraryEx(libname string, zero Handle, flags uintptr) (handle Handle, err error) = LoadLibraryExW
141//sys	FreeLibrary(handle Handle) (err error)
142//sys	GetProcAddress(module Handle, procname string) (proc uintptr, err error)
143//sys	GetModuleFileName(module Handle, filename *uint16, size uint32) (n uint32, err error) = kernel32.GetModuleFileNameW
144//sys	GetModuleHandleEx(flags uint32, moduleName *uint16, module *Handle) (err error) = kernel32.GetModuleHandleExW
145//sys	GetVersion() (ver uint32, err error)
146//sys	FormatMessage(flags uint32, msgsrc uintptr, msgid uint32, langid uint32, buf []uint16, args *byte) (n uint32, err error) = FormatMessageW
147//sys	ExitProcess(exitcode uint32)
148//sys	IsWow64Process(handle Handle, isWow64 *bool) (err error) = IsWow64Process
149//sys	CreateFile(name *uint16, access uint32, mode uint32, sa *SecurityAttributes, createmode uint32, attrs uint32, templatefile Handle) (handle Handle, err error) [failretval==InvalidHandle] = CreateFileW
150//sys	ReadFile(handle Handle, buf []byte, done *uint32, overlapped *Overlapped) (err error)
151//sys	WriteFile(handle Handle, buf []byte, done *uint32, overlapped *Overlapped) (err error)
152//sys	GetOverlappedResult(handle Handle, overlapped *Overlapped, done *uint32, wait bool) (err error)
153//sys	SetFilePointer(handle Handle, lowoffset int32, highoffsetptr *int32, whence uint32) (newlowoffset uint32, err error) [failretval==0xffffffff]
154//sys	CloseHandle(handle Handle) (err error)
155//sys	GetStdHandle(stdhandle uint32) (handle Handle, err error) [failretval==InvalidHandle]
156//sys	SetStdHandle(stdhandle uint32, handle Handle) (err error)
157//sys	findFirstFile1(name *uint16, data *win32finddata1) (handle Handle, err error) [failretval==InvalidHandle] = FindFirstFileW
158//sys	findNextFile1(handle Handle, data *win32finddata1) (err error) = FindNextFileW
159//sys	FindClose(handle Handle) (err error)
160//sys	GetFileInformationByHandle(handle Handle, data *ByHandleFileInformation) (err error)
161//sys	GetFileInformationByHandleEx(handle Handle, class uint32, outBuffer *byte, outBufferLen uint32) (err error)
162//sys	GetCurrentDirectory(buflen uint32, buf *uint16) (n uint32, err error) = GetCurrentDirectoryW
163//sys	SetCurrentDirectory(path *uint16) (err error) = SetCurrentDirectoryW
164//sys	CreateDirectory(path *uint16, sa *SecurityAttributes) (err error) = CreateDirectoryW
165//sys	RemoveDirectory(path *uint16) (err error) = RemoveDirectoryW
166//sys	DeleteFile(path *uint16) (err error) = DeleteFileW
167//sys	MoveFile(from *uint16, to *uint16) (err error) = MoveFileW
168//sys	MoveFileEx(from *uint16, to *uint16, flags uint32) (err error) = MoveFileExW
169//sys	LockFileEx(file Handle, flags uint32, reserved uint32, bytesLow uint32, bytesHigh uint32, overlapped *Overlapped) (err error)
170//sys	UnlockFileEx(file Handle, reserved uint32, bytesLow uint32, bytesHigh uint32, overlapped *Overlapped) (err error)
171//sys	GetComputerName(buf *uint16, n *uint32) (err error) = GetComputerNameW
172//sys	GetComputerNameEx(nametype uint32, buf *uint16, n *uint32) (err error) = GetComputerNameExW
173//sys	SetEndOfFile(handle Handle) (err error)
174//sys	GetSystemTimeAsFileTime(time *Filetime)
175//sys	GetSystemTimePreciseAsFileTime(time *Filetime)
176//sys	GetTimeZoneInformation(tzi *Timezoneinformation) (rc uint32, err error) [failretval==0xffffffff]
177//sys	CreateIoCompletionPort(filehandle Handle, cphandle Handle, key uint32, threadcnt uint32) (handle Handle, err error)
178//sys	GetQueuedCompletionStatus(cphandle Handle, qty *uint32, key *uint32, overlapped **Overlapped, timeout uint32) (err error)
179//sys	PostQueuedCompletionStatus(cphandle Handle, qty uint32, key uint32, overlapped *Overlapped) (err error)
180//sys	CancelIo(s Handle) (err error)
181//sys	CancelIoEx(s Handle, o *Overlapped) (err error)
182//sys	CreateProcess(appName *uint16, commandLine *uint16, procSecurity *SecurityAttributes, threadSecurity *SecurityAttributes, inheritHandles bool, creationFlags uint32, env *uint16, currentDir *uint16, startupInfo *StartupInfo, outProcInfo *ProcessInformation) (err error) = CreateProcessW
183//sys	OpenProcess(desiredAccess uint32, inheritHandle bool, processId uint32) (handle Handle, err error)
184//sys	ShellExecute(hwnd Handle, verb *uint16, file *uint16, args *uint16, cwd *uint16, showCmd int32) (err error) [failretval<=32] = shell32.ShellExecuteW
185//sys	shGetKnownFolderPath(id *KNOWNFOLDERID, flags uint32, token Token, path **uint16) (ret error) = shell32.SHGetKnownFolderPath
186//sys	TerminateProcess(handle Handle, exitcode uint32) (err error)
187//sys	GetExitCodeProcess(handle Handle, exitcode *uint32) (err error)
188//sys	GetStartupInfo(startupInfo *StartupInfo) (err error) = GetStartupInfoW
189//sys	GetProcessTimes(handle Handle, creationTime *Filetime, exitTime *Filetime, kernelTime *Filetime, userTime *Filetime) (err error)
190//sys	DuplicateHandle(hSourceProcessHandle Handle, hSourceHandle Handle, hTargetProcessHandle Handle, lpTargetHandle *Handle, dwDesiredAccess uint32, bInheritHandle bool, dwOptions uint32) (err error)
191//sys	WaitForSingleObject(handle Handle, waitMilliseconds uint32) (event uint32, err error) [failretval==0xffffffff]
192//sys	waitForMultipleObjects(count uint32, handles uintptr, waitAll bool, waitMilliseconds uint32) (event uint32, err error) [failretval==0xffffffff] = WaitForMultipleObjects
193//sys	GetTempPath(buflen uint32, buf *uint16) (n uint32, err error) = GetTempPathW
194//sys	CreatePipe(readhandle *Handle, writehandle *Handle, sa *SecurityAttributes, size uint32) (err error)
195//sys	GetFileType(filehandle Handle) (n uint32, err error)
196//sys	CryptAcquireContext(provhandle *Handle, container *uint16, provider *uint16, provtype uint32, flags uint32) (err error) = advapi32.CryptAcquireContextW
197//sys	CryptReleaseContext(provhandle Handle, flags uint32) (err error) = advapi32.CryptReleaseContext
198//sys	CryptGenRandom(provhandle Handle, buflen uint32, buf *byte) (err error) = advapi32.CryptGenRandom
199//sys	GetEnvironmentStrings() (envs *uint16, err error) [failretval==nil] = kernel32.GetEnvironmentStringsW
200//sys	FreeEnvironmentStrings(envs *uint16) (err error) = kernel32.FreeEnvironmentStringsW
201//sys	GetEnvironmentVariable(name *uint16, buffer *uint16, size uint32) (n uint32, err error) = kernel32.GetEnvironmentVariableW
202//sys	SetEnvironmentVariable(name *uint16, value *uint16) (err error) = kernel32.SetEnvironmentVariableW
203//sys	CreateEnvironmentBlock(block **uint16, token Token, inheritExisting bool) (err error) = userenv.CreateEnvironmentBlock
204//sys	DestroyEnvironmentBlock(block *uint16) (err error) = userenv.DestroyEnvironmentBlock
205//sys	getTickCount64() (ms uint64) = kernel32.GetTickCount64
206//sys	SetFileTime(handle Handle, ctime *Filetime, atime *Filetime, wtime *Filetime) (err error)
207//sys	GetFileAttributes(name *uint16) (attrs uint32, err error) [failretval==INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES] = kernel32.GetFileAttributesW
208//sys	SetFileAttributes(name *uint16, attrs uint32) (err error) = kernel32.SetFileAttributesW
209//sys	GetFileAttributesEx(name *uint16, level uint32, info *byte) (err error) = kernel32.GetFileAttributesExW
210//sys	GetCommandLine() (cmd *uint16) = kernel32.GetCommandLineW
211//sys	CommandLineToArgv(cmd *uint16, argc *int32) (argv *[8192]*[8192]uint16, err error) [failretval==nil] = shell32.CommandLineToArgvW
212//sys	LocalFree(hmem Handle) (handle Handle, err error) [failretval!=0]
213//sys	SetHandleInformation(handle Handle, mask uint32, flags uint32) (err error)
214//sys	FlushFileBuffers(handle Handle) (err error)
215//sys	GetFullPathName(path *uint16, buflen uint32, buf *uint16, fname **uint16) (n uint32, err error) = kernel32.GetFullPathNameW
216//sys	GetLongPathName(path *uint16, buf *uint16, buflen uint32) (n uint32, err error) = kernel32.GetLongPathNameW
217//sys	GetShortPathName(longpath *uint16, shortpath *uint16, buflen uint32) (n uint32, err error) = kernel32.GetShortPathNameW
218//sys	CreateFileMapping(fhandle Handle, sa *SecurityAttributes, prot uint32, maxSizeHigh uint32, maxSizeLow uint32, name *uint16) (handle Handle, err error) = kernel32.CreateFileMappingW
219//sys	MapViewOfFile(handle Handle, access uint32, offsetHigh uint32, offsetLow uint32, length uintptr) (addr uintptr, err error)
220//sys	UnmapViewOfFile(addr uintptr) (err error)
221//sys	FlushViewOfFile(addr uintptr, length uintptr) (err error)
222//sys	VirtualLock(addr uintptr, length uintptr) (err error)
223//sys	VirtualUnlock(addr uintptr, length uintptr) (err error)
224//sys	VirtualAlloc(address uintptr, size uintptr, alloctype uint32, protect uint32) (value uintptr, err error) = kernel32.VirtualAlloc
225//sys	VirtualFree(address uintptr, size uintptr, freetype uint32) (err error) = kernel32.VirtualFree
226//sys	VirtualProtect(address uintptr, size uintptr, newprotect uint32, oldprotect *uint32) (err error) = kernel32.VirtualProtect
227//sys	TransmitFile(s Handle, handle Handle, bytesToWrite uint32, bytsPerSend uint32, overlapped *Overlapped, transmitFileBuf *TransmitFileBuffers, flags uint32) (err error) = mswsock.TransmitFile
228//sys	ReadDirectoryChanges(handle Handle, buf *byte, buflen uint32, watchSubTree bool, mask uint32, retlen *uint32, overlapped *Overlapped, completionRoutine uintptr) (err error) = kernel32.ReadDirectoryChangesW
229//sys	CertOpenSystemStore(hprov Handle, name *uint16) (store Handle, err error) = crypt32.CertOpenSystemStoreW
230//sys   CertOpenStore(storeProvider uintptr, msgAndCertEncodingType uint32, cryptProv uintptr, flags uint32, para uintptr) (handle Handle, err error) [failretval==InvalidHandle] = crypt32.CertOpenStore
231//sys	CertEnumCertificatesInStore(store Handle, prevContext *CertContext) (context *CertContext, err error) [failretval==nil] = crypt32.CertEnumCertificatesInStore
232//sys   CertAddCertificateContextToStore(store Handle, certContext *CertContext, addDisposition uint32, storeContext **CertContext) (err error) = crypt32.CertAddCertificateContextToStore
233//sys	CertCloseStore(store Handle, flags uint32) (err error) = crypt32.CertCloseStore
234//sys   CertGetCertificateChain(engine Handle, leaf *CertContext, time *Filetime, additionalStore Handle, para *CertChainPara, flags uint32, reserved uintptr, chainCtx **CertChainContext) (err error) = crypt32.CertGetCertificateChain
235//sys   CertFreeCertificateChain(ctx *CertChainContext) = crypt32.CertFreeCertificateChain
236//sys   CertCreateCertificateContext(certEncodingType uint32, certEncoded *byte, encodedLen uint32) (context *CertContext, err error) [failretval==nil] = crypt32.CertCreateCertificateContext
237//sys   CertFreeCertificateContext(ctx *CertContext) (err error) = crypt32.CertFreeCertificateContext
238//sys   CertVerifyCertificateChainPolicy(policyOID uintptr, chain *CertChainContext, para *CertChainPolicyPara, status *CertChainPolicyStatus) (err error) = crypt32.CertVerifyCertificateChainPolicy
239//sys	RegOpenKeyEx(key Handle, subkey *uint16, options uint32, desiredAccess uint32, result *Handle) (regerrno error) = advapi32.RegOpenKeyExW
240//sys	RegCloseKey(key Handle) (regerrno error) = advapi32.RegCloseKey
241//sys	RegQueryInfoKey(key Handle, class *uint16, classLen *uint32, reserved *uint32, subkeysLen *uint32, maxSubkeyLen *uint32, maxClassLen *uint32, valuesLen *uint32, maxValueNameLen *uint32, maxValueLen *uint32, saLen *uint32, lastWriteTime *Filetime) (regerrno error) = advapi32.RegQueryInfoKeyW
242//sys	RegEnumKeyEx(key Handle, index uint32, name *uint16, nameLen *uint32, reserved *uint32, class *uint16, classLen *uint32, lastWriteTime *Filetime) (regerrno error) = advapi32.RegEnumKeyExW
243//sys	RegQueryValueEx(key Handle, name *uint16, reserved *uint32, valtype *uint32, buf *byte, buflen *uint32) (regerrno error) = advapi32.RegQueryValueExW
244//sys	GetCurrentProcessId() (pid uint32) = kernel32.GetCurrentProcessId
245//sys	GetConsoleMode(console Handle, mode *uint32) (err error) = kernel32.GetConsoleMode
246//sys	SetConsoleMode(console Handle, mode uint32) (err error) = kernel32.SetConsoleMode
247//sys	GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(console Handle, info *ConsoleScreenBufferInfo) (err error) = kernel32.GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo
248//sys	WriteConsole(console Handle, buf *uint16, towrite uint32, written *uint32, reserved *byte) (err error) = kernel32.WriteConsoleW
249//sys	ReadConsole(console Handle, buf *uint16, toread uint32, read *uint32, inputControl *byte) (err error) = kernel32.ReadConsoleW
250//sys	CreateToolhelp32Snapshot(flags uint32, processId uint32) (handle Handle, err error) [failretval==InvalidHandle] = kernel32.CreateToolhelp32Snapshot
251//sys	Process32First(snapshot Handle, procEntry *ProcessEntry32) (err error) = kernel32.Process32FirstW
252//sys	Process32Next(snapshot Handle, procEntry *ProcessEntry32) (err error) = kernel32.Process32NextW
253//sys	Thread32First(snapshot Handle, threadEntry *ThreadEntry32) (err error)
254//sys	Thread32Next(snapshot Handle, threadEntry *ThreadEntry32) (err error)
255//sys	DeviceIoControl(handle Handle, ioControlCode uint32, inBuffer *byte, inBufferSize uint32, outBuffer *byte, outBufferSize uint32, bytesReturned *uint32, overlapped *Overlapped) (err error)
256// This function returns 1 byte BOOLEAN rather than the 4 byte BOOL.
257//sys	CreateSymbolicLink(symlinkfilename *uint16, targetfilename *uint16, flags uint32) (err error) [failretval&0xff==0] = CreateSymbolicLinkW
258//sys	CreateHardLink(filename *uint16, existingfilename *uint16, reserved uintptr) (err error) [failretval&0xff==0] = CreateHardLinkW
259//sys	GetCurrentThreadId() (id uint32)
260//sys	CreateEvent(eventAttrs *SecurityAttributes, manualReset uint32, initialState uint32, name *uint16) (handle Handle, err error) = kernel32.CreateEventW
261//sys	CreateEventEx(eventAttrs *SecurityAttributes, name *uint16, flags uint32, desiredAccess uint32) (handle Handle, err error) = kernel32.CreateEventExW
262//sys	OpenEvent(desiredAccess uint32, inheritHandle bool, name *uint16) (handle Handle, err error) = kernel32.OpenEventW
263//sys	SetEvent(event Handle) (err error) = kernel32.SetEvent
264//sys	ResetEvent(event Handle) (err error) = kernel32.ResetEvent
265//sys	PulseEvent(event Handle) (err error) = kernel32.PulseEvent
266//sys	CreateMutex(mutexAttrs *SecurityAttributes, initialOwner bool, name *uint16) (handle Handle, err error) = kernel32.CreateMutexW
267//sys	CreateMutexEx(mutexAttrs *SecurityAttributes, name *uint16, flags uint32, desiredAccess uint32) (handle Handle, err error) = kernel32.CreateMutexExW
268//sys	OpenMutex(desiredAccess uint32, inheritHandle bool, name *uint16) (handle Handle, err error) = kernel32.OpenMutexW
269//sys	ReleaseMutex(mutex Handle) (err error) = kernel32.ReleaseMutex
270//sys	SleepEx(milliseconds uint32, alertable bool) (ret uint32) = kernel32.SleepEx
271//sys	CreateJobObject(jobAttr *SecurityAttributes, name *uint16) (handle Handle, err error) = kernel32.CreateJobObjectW
272//sys	AssignProcessToJobObject(job Handle, process Handle) (err error) = kernel32.AssignProcessToJobObject
273//sys	TerminateJobObject(job Handle, exitCode uint32) (err error) = kernel32.TerminateJobObject
274//sys	SetErrorMode(mode uint32) (ret uint32) = kernel32.SetErrorMode
275//sys	ResumeThread(thread Handle) (ret uint32, err error) [failretval==0xffffffff] = kernel32.ResumeThread
276//sys	SetPriorityClass(process Handle, priorityClass uint32) (err error) = kernel32.SetPriorityClass
277//sys	GetPriorityClass(process Handle) (ret uint32, err error) = kernel32.GetPriorityClass
278//sys	SetInformationJobObject(job Handle, JobObjectInformationClass uint32, JobObjectInformation uintptr, JobObjectInformationLength uint32) (ret int, err error)
279//sys	GenerateConsoleCtrlEvent(ctrlEvent uint32, processGroupID uint32) (err error)
280//sys	GetProcessId(process Handle) (id uint32, err error)
281//sys	OpenThread(desiredAccess uint32, inheritHandle bool, threadId uint32) (handle Handle, err error)
282//sys	SetProcessPriorityBoost(process Handle, disable bool) (err error) = kernel32.SetProcessPriorityBoost
283
284// Volume Management Functions
285//sys	DefineDosDevice(flags uint32, deviceName *uint16, targetPath *uint16) (err error) = DefineDosDeviceW
286//sys	DeleteVolumeMountPoint(volumeMountPoint *uint16) (err error) = DeleteVolumeMountPointW
287//sys	FindFirstVolume(volumeName *uint16, bufferLength uint32) (handle Handle, err error) [failretval==InvalidHandle] = FindFirstVolumeW
288//sys	FindFirstVolumeMountPoint(rootPathName *uint16, volumeMountPoint *uint16, bufferLength uint32) (handle Handle, err error) [failretval==InvalidHandle] = FindFirstVolumeMountPointW
289//sys	FindNextVolume(findVolume Handle, volumeName *uint16, bufferLength uint32) (err error) = FindNextVolumeW
290//sys	FindNextVolumeMountPoint(findVolumeMountPoint Handle, volumeMountPoint *uint16, bufferLength uint32) (err error) = FindNextVolumeMountPointW
291//sys	FindVolumeClose(findVolume Handle) (err error)
292//sys	FindVolumeMountPointClose(findVolumeMountPoint Handle) (err error)
293//sys	GetDiskFreeSpaceEx(directoryName *uint16, freeBytesAvailableToCaller *uint64, totalNumberOfBytes *uint64, totalNumberOfFreeBytes *uint64) (err error) = GetDiskFreeSpaceExW
294//sys	GetDriveType(rootPathName *uint16) (driveType uint32) = GetDriveTypeW
295//sys	GetLogicalDrives() (drivesBitMask uint32, err error) [failretval==0]
296//sys	GetLogicalDriveStrings(bufferLength uint32, buffer *uint16) (n uint32, err error) [failretval==0] = GetLogicalDriveStringsW
297//sys	GetVolumeInformation(rootPathName *uint16, volumeNameBuffer *uint16, volumeNameSize uint32, volumeNameSerialNumber *uint32, maximumComponentLength *uint32, fileSystemFlags *uint32, fileSystemNameBuffer *uint16, fileSystemNameSize uint32) (err error) = GetVolumeInformationW
298//sys	GetVolumeInformationByHandle(file Handle, volumeNameBuffer *uint16, volumeNameSize uint32, volumeNameSerialNumber *uint32, maximumComponentLength *uint32, fileSystemFlags *uint32, fileSystemNameBuffer *uint16, fileSystemNameSize uint32) (err error) = GetVolumeInformationByHandleW
299//sys	GetVolumeNameForVolumeMountPoint(volumeMountPoint *uint16, volumeName *uint16, bufferlength uint32) (err error) = GetVolumeNameForVolumeMountPointW
300//sys	GetVolumePathName(fileName *uint16, volumePathName *uint16, bufferLength uint32) (err error) = GetVolumePathNameW
301//sys	GetVolumePathNamesForVolumeName(volumeName *uint16, volumePathNames *uint16, bufferLength uint32, returnLength *uint32) (err error) = GetVolumePathNamesForVolumeNameW
302//sys	QueryDosDevice(deviceName *uint16, targetPath *uint16, max uint32) (n uint32, err error) [failretval==0] = QueryDosDeviceW
303//sys	SetVolumeLabel(rootPathName *uint16, volumeName *uint16) (err error) = SetVolumeLabelW
304//sys	SetVolumeMountPoint(volumeMountPoint *uint16, volumeName *uint16) (err error) = SetVolumeMountPointW
305//sys	MessageBox(hwnd Handle, text *uint16, caption *uint16, boxtype uint32) (ret int32, err error) [failretval==0] = user32.MessageBoxW
306//sys	ExitWindowsEx(flags uint32, reason uint32) (err error) = user32.ExitWindowsEx
307//sys	InitiateSystemShutdownEx(machineName *uint16, message *uint16, timeout uint32, forceAppsClosed bool, rebootAfterShutdown bool, reason uint32) (err error) = advapi32.InitiateSystemShutdownExW
308//sys	SetProcessShutdownParameters(level uint32, flags uint32) (err error) = kernel32.SetProcessShutdownParameters
309//sys	GetProcessShutdownParameters(level *uint32, flags *uint32) (err error) = kernel32.GetProcessShutdownParameters
310//sys	clsidFromString(lpsz *uint16, pclsid *GUID) (ret error) = ole32.CLSIDFromString
311//sys	stringFromGUID2(rguid *GUID, lpsz *uint16, cchMax int32) (chars int32) = ole32.StringFromGUID2
312//sys	coCreateGuid(pguid *GUID) (ret error) = ole32.CoCreateGuid
313//sys	CoTaskMemFree(address unsafe.Pointer) = ole32.CoTaskMemFree
314//sys	rtlGetVersion(info *OsVersionInfoEx) (ret error) = ntdll.RtlGetVersion
315//sys	rtlGetNtVersionNumbers(majorVersion *uint32, minorVersion *uint32, buildNumber *uint32) = ntdll.RtlGetNtVersionNumbers
316//sys	getProcessPreferredUILanguages(flags uint32, numLanguages *uint32, buf *uint16, bufSize *uint32) (err error) = kernel32.GetProcessPreferredUILanguages
317//sys	getThreadPreferredUILanguages(flags uint32, numLanguages *uint32, buf *uint16, bufSize *uint32) (err error) = kernel32.GetThreadPreferredUILanguages
318//sys	getUserPreferredUILanguages(flags uint32, numLanguages *uint32, buf *uint16, bufSize *uint32) (err error) = kernel32.GetUserPreferredUILanguages
319//sys	getSystemPreferredUILanguages(flags uint32, numLanguages *uint32, buf *uint16, bufSize *uint32) (err error) = kernel32.GetSystemPreferredUILanguages
320
321// Process Status API (PSAPI)
322//sys	EnumProcesses(processIds []uint32, bytesReturned *uint32) (err error) = psapi.EnumProcesses
323
324// syscall interface implementation for other packages
325
326// GetCurrentProcess returns the handle for the current process.
327// It is a pseudo handle that does not need to be closed.
328// The returned error is always nil.
329//
330// Deprecated: use CurrentProcess for the same Handle without the nil
331// error.
332func GetCurrentProcess() (Handle, error) {
333	return CurrentProcess(), nil
334}
335
336// CurrentProcess returns the handle for the current process.
337// It is a pseudo handle that does not need to be closed.
338func CurrentProcess() Handle { return Handle(^uintptr(1 - 1)) }
339
340// GetCurrentThread returns the handle for the current thread.
341// It is a pseudo handle that does not need to be closed.
342// The returned error is always nil.
343//
344// Deprecated: use CurrentThread for the same Handle without the nil
345// error.
346func GetCurrentThread() (Handle, error) {
347	return CurrentThread(), nil
348}
349
350// CurrentThread returns the handle for the current thread.
351// It is a pseudo handle that does not need to be closed.
352func CurrentThread() Handle { return Handle(^uintptr(2 - 1)) }
353
354// GetProcAddressByOrdinal retrieves the address of the exported
355// function from module by ordinal.
356func GetProcAddressByOrdinal(module Handle, ordinal uintptr) (proc uintptr, err error) {
357	r0, _, e1 := syscall.Syscall(procGetProcAddress.Addr(), 2, uintptr(module), ordinal, 0)
358	proc = uintptr(r0)
359	if proc == 0 {
360		if e1 != 0 {
361			err = errnoErr(e1)
362		} else {
363			err = syscall.EINVAL
364		}
365	}
366	return
367}
368
369func Exit(code int) { ExitProcess(uint32(code)) }
370
371func makeInheritSa() *SecurityAttributes {
372	var sa SecurityAttributes
373	sa.Length = uint32(unsafe.Sizeof(sa))
374	sa.InheritHandle = 1
375	return &sa
376}
377
378func Open(path string, mode int, perm uint32) (fd Handle, err error) {
379	if len(path) == 0 {
380		return InvalidHandle, ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND
381	}
382	pathp, err := UTF16PtrFromString(path)
383	if err != nil {
384		return InvalidHandle, err
385	}
386	var access uint32
387	switch mode & (O_RDONLY | O_WRONLY | O_RDWR) {
388	case O_RDONLY:
389		access = GENERIC_READ
390	case O_WRONLY:
391		access = GENERIC_WRITE
392	case O_RDWR:
393		access = GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE
394	}
395	if mode&O_CREAT != 0 {
396		access |= GENERIC_WRITE
397	}
398	if mode&O_APPEND != 0 {
399		access &^= GENERIC_WRITE
400		access |= FILE_APPEND_DATA
401	}
402	sharemode := uint32(FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE)
403	var sa *SecurityAttributes
404	if mode&O_CLOEXEC == 0 {
405		sa = makeInheritSa()
406	}
407	var createmode uint32
408	switch {
409	case mode&(O_CREAT|O_EXCL) == (O_CREAT | O_EXCL):
410		createmode = CREATE_NEW
411	case mode&(O_CREAT|O_TRUNC) == (O_CREAT | O_TRUNC):
412		createmode = CREATE_ALWAYS
413	case mode&O_CREAT == O_CREAT:
414		createmode = OPEN_ALWAYS
415	case mode&O_TRUNC == O_TRUNC:
416		createmode = TRUNCATE_EXISTING
417	default:
418		createmode = OPEN_EXISTING
419	}
420	var attrs uint32 = FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL
421	if perm&S_IWRITE == 0 {
422		attrs = FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY
423	}
424	h, e := CreateFile(pathp, access, sharemode, sa, createmode, attrs, 0)
425	return h, e
426}
427
428func Read(fd Handle, p []byte) (n int, err error) {
429	var done uint32
430	e := ReadFile(fd, p, &done, nil)
431	if e != nil {
432		if e == ERROR_BROKEN_PIPE {
433			// NOTE(brainman): work around ERROR_BROKEN_PIPE is returned on reading EOF from stdin
434			return 0, nil
435		}
436		return 0, e
437	}
438	if raceenabled {
439		if done > 0 {
440			raceWriteRange(unsafe.Pointer(&p[0]), int(done))
441		}
442		raceAcquire(unsafe.Pointer(&ioSync))
443	}
444	return int(done), nil
445}
446
447func Write(fd Handle, p []byte) (n int, err error) {
448	if raceenabled {
449		raceReleaseMerge(unsafe.Pointer(&ioSync))
450	}
451	var done uint32
452	e := WriteFile(fd, p, &done, nil)
453	if e != nil {
454		return 0, e
455	}
456	if raceenabled && done > 0 {
457		raceReadRange(unsafe.Pointer(&p[0]), int(done))
458	}
459	return int(done), nil
460}
461
462var ioSync int64
463
464func Seek(fd Handle, offset int64, whence int) (newoffset int64, err error) {
465	var w uint32
466	switch whence {
467	case 0:
468		w = FILE_BEGIN
469	case 1:
470		w = FILE_CURRENT
471	case 2:
472		w = FILE_END
473	}
474	hi := int32(offset >> 32)
475	lo := int32(offset)
476	// use GetFileType to check pipe, pipe can't do seek
477	ft, _ := GetFileType(fd)
478	if ft == FILE_TYPE_PIPE {
479		return 0, syscall.EPIPE
480	}
481	rlo, e := SetFilePointer(fd, lo, &hi, w)
482	if e != nil {
483		return 0, e
484	}
485	return int64(hi)<<32 + int64(rlo), nil
486}
487
488func Close(fd Handle) (err error) {
489	return CloseHandle(fd)
490}
491
492var (
493	Stdin  = getStdHandle(STD_INPUT_HANDLE)
494	Stdout = getStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE)
495	Stderr = getStdHandle(STD_ERROR_HANDLE)
496)
497
498func getStdHandle(stdhandle uint32) (fd Handle) {
499	r, _ := GetStdHandle(stdhandle)
500	CloseOnExec(r)
501	return r
502}
503
504const ImplementsGetwd = true
505
506func Getwd() (wd string, err error) {
507	b := make([]uint16, 300)
508	n, e := GetCurrentDirectory(uint32(len(b)), &b[0])
509	if e != nil {
510		return "", e
511	}
512	return string(utf16.Decode(b[0:n])), nil
513}
514
515func Chdir(path string) (err error) {
516	pathp, err := UTF16PtrFromString(path)
517	if err != nil {
518		return err
519	}
520	return SetCurrentDirectory(pathp)
521}
522
523func Mkdir(path string, mode uint32) (err error) {
524	pathp, err := UTF16PtrFromString(path)
525	if err != nil {
526		return err
527	}
528	return CreateDirectory(pathp, nil)
529}
530
531func Rmdir(path string) (err error) {
532	pathp, err := UTF16PtrFromString(path)
533	if err != nil {
534		return err
535	}
536	return RemoveDirectory(pathp)
537}
538
539func Unlink(path string) (err error) {
540	pathp, err := UTF16PtrFromString(path)
541	if err != nil {
542		return err
543	}
544	return DeleteFile(pathp)
545}
546
547func Rename(oldpath, newpath string) (err error) {
548	from, err := UTF16PtrFromString(oldpath)
549	if err != nil {
550		return err
551	}
552	to, err := UTF16PtrFromString(newpath)
553	if err != nil {
554		return err
555	}
556	return MoveFileEx(from, to, MOVEFILE_REPLACE_EXISTING)
557}
558
559func ComputerName() (name string, err error) {
560	var n uint32 = MAX_COMPUTERNAME_LENGTH + 1
561	b := make([]uint16, n)
562	e := GetComputerName(&b[0], &n)
563	if e != nil {
564		return "", e
565	}
566	return string(utf16.Decode(b[0:n])), nil
567}
568
569func DurationSinceBoot() time.Duration {
570	return time.Duration(getTickCount64()) * time.Millisecond
571}
572
573func Ftruncate(fd Handle, length int64) (err error) {
574	curoffset, e := Seek(fd, 0, 1)
575	if e != nil {
576		return e
577	}
578	defer Seek(fd, curoffset, 0)
579	_, e = Seek(fd, length, 0)
580	if e != nil {
581		return e
582	}
583	e = SetEndOfFile(fd)
584	if e != nil {
585		return e
586	}
587	return nil
588}
589
590func Gettimeofday(tv *Timeval) (err error) {
591	var ft Filetime
592	GetSystemTimeAsFileTime(&ft)
593	*tv = NsecToTimeval(ft.Nanoseconds())
594	return nil
595}
596
597func Pipe(p []Handle) (err error) {
598	if len(p) != 2 {
599		return syscall.EINVAL
600	}
601	var r, w Handle
602	e := CreatePipe(&r, &w, makeInheritSa(), 0)
603	if e != nil {
604		return e
605	}
606	p[0] = r
607	p[1] = w
608	return nil
609}
610
611func Utimes(path string, tv []Timeval) (err error) {
612	if len(tv) != 2 {
613		return syscall.EINVAL
614	}
615	pathp, e := UTF16PtrFromString(path)
616	if e != nil {
617		return e
618	}
619	h, e := CreateFile(pathp,
620		FILE_WRITE_ATTRIBUTES, FILE_SHARE_WRITE, nil,
621		OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS, 0)
622	if e != nil {
623		return e
624	}
625	defer Close(h)
626	a := NsecToFiletime(tv[0].Nanoseconds())
627	w := NsecToFiletime(tv[1].Nanoseconds())
628	return SetFileTime(h, nil, &a, &w)
629}
630
631func UtimesNano(path string, ts []Timespec) (err error) {
632	if len(ts) != 2 {
633		return syscall.EINVAL
634	}
635	pathp, e := UTF16PtrFromString(path)
636	if e != nil {
637		return e
638	}
639	h, e := CreateFile(pathp,
640		FILE_WRITE_ATTRIBUTES, FILE_SHARE_WRITE, nil,
641		OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS, 0)
642	if e != nil {
643		return e
644	}
645	defer Close(h)
646	a := NsecToFiletime(TimespecToNsec(ts[0]))
647	w := NsecToFiletime(TimespecToNsec(ts[1]))
648	return SetFileTime(h, nil, &a, &w)
649}
650
651func Fsync(fd Handle) (err error) {
652	return FlushFileBuffers(fd)
653}
654
655func Chmod(path string, mode uint32) (err error) {
656	p, e := UTF16PtrFromString(path)
657	if e != nil {
658		return e
659	}
660	attrs, e := GetFileAttributes(p)
661	if e != nil {
662		return e
663	}
664	if mode&S_IWRITE != 0 {
665		attrs &^= FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY
666	} else {
667		attrs |= FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY
668	}
669	return SetFileAttributes(p, attrs)
670}
671
672func LoadGetSystemTimePreciseAsFileTime() error {
673	return procGetSystemTimePreciseAsFileTime.Find()
674}
675
676func LoadCancelIoEx() error {
677	return procCancelIoEx.Find()
678}
679
680func LoadSetFileCompletionNotificationModes() error {
681	return procSetFileCompletionNotificationModes.Find()
682}
683
684func WaitForMultipleObjects(handles []Handle, waitAll bool, waitMilliseconds uint32) (event uint32, err error) {
685	// Every other win32 array API takes arguments as "pointer, count", except for this function. So we
686	// can't declare it as a usual [] type, because mksyscall will use the opposite order. We therefore
687	// trivially stub this ourselves.
688
689	var handlePtr *Handle
690	if len(handles) > 0 {
691		handlePtr = &handles[0]
692	}
693	return waitForMultipleObjects(uint32(len(handles)), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(handlePtr)), waitAll, waitMilliseconds)
694}
695
696// net api calls
697
698const socket_error = uintptr(^uint32(0))
699
700//sys	WSAStartup(verreq uint32, data *WSAData) (sockerr error) = ws2_32.WSAStartup
701//sys	WSACleanup() (err error) [failretval==socket_error] = ws2_32.WSACleanup
702//sys	WSAIoctl(s Handle, iocc uint32, inbuf *byte, cbif uint32, outbuf *byte, cbob uint32, cbbr *uint32, overlapped *Overlapped, completionRoutine uintptr) (err error) [failretval==socket_error] = ws2_32.WSAIoctl
703//sys	socket(af int32, typ int32, protocol int32) (handle Handle, err error) [failretval==InvalidHandle] = ws2_32.socket
704//sys	sendto(s Handle, buf []byte, flags int32, to unsafe.Pointer, tolen int32) (err error) [failretval==socket_error] = ws2_32.sendto
705//sys	recvfrom(s Handle, buf []byte, flags int32, from *RawSockaddrAny, fromlen *int32) (n int32, err error) [failretval==-1] = ws2_32.recvfrom
706//sys	Setsockopt(s Handle, level int32, optname int32, optval *byte, optlen int32) (err error) [failretval==socket_error] = ws2_32.setsockopt
707//sys	Getsockopt(s Handle, level int32, optname int32, optval *byte, optlen *int32) (err error) [failretval==socket_error] = ws2_32.getsockopt
708//sys	bind(s Handle, name unsafe.Pointer, namelen int32) (err error) [failretval==socket_error] = ws2_32.bind
709//sys	connect(s Handle, name unsafe.Pointer, namelen int32) (err error) [failretval==socket_error] = ws2_32.connect
710//sys	getsockname(s Handle, rsa *RawSockaddrAny, addrlen *int32) (err error) [failretval==socket_error] = ws2_32.getsockname
711//sys	getpeername(s Handle, rsa *RawSockaddrAny, addrlen *int32) (err error) [failretval==socket_error] = ws2_32.getpeername
712//sys	listen(s Handle, backlog int32) (err error) [failretval==socket_error] = ws2_32.listen
713//sys	shutdown(s Handle, how int32) (err error) [failretval==socket_error] = ws2_32.shutdown
714//sys	Closesocket(s Handle) (err error) [failretval==socket_error] = ws2_32.closesocket
715//sys	AcceptEx(ls Handle, as Handle, buf *byte, rxdatalen uint32, laddrlen uint32, raddrlen uint32, recvd *uint32, overlapped *Overlapped) (err error) = mswsock.AcceptEx
716//sys	GetAcceptExSockaddrs(buf *byte, rxdatalen uint32, laddrlen uint32, raddrlen uint32, lrsa **RawSockaddrAny, lrsalen *int32, rrsa **RawSockaddrAny, rrsalen *int32) = mswsock.GetAcceptExSockaddrs
717//sys	WSARecv(s Handle, bufs *WSABuf, bufcnt uint32, recvd *uint32, flags *uint32, overlapped *Overlapped, croutine *byte) (err error) [failretval==socket_error] = ws2_32.WSARecv
718//sys	WSASend(s Handle, bufs *WSABuf, bufcnt uint32, sent *uint32, flags uint32, overlapped *Overlapped, croutine *byte) (err error) [failretval==socket_error] = ws2_32.WSASend
719//sys	WSARecvFrom(s Handle, bufs *WSABuf, bufcnt uint32, recvd *uint32, flags *uint32,  from *RawSockaddrAny, fromlen *int32, overlapped *Overlapped, croutine *byte) (err error) [failretval==socket_error] = ws2_32.WSARecvFrom
720//sys	WSASendTo(s Handle, bufs *WSABuf, bufcnt uint32, sent *uint32, flags uint32, to *RawSockaddrAny, tolen int32,  overlapped *Overlapped, croutine *byte) (err error) [failretval==socket_error] = ws2_32.WSASendTo
721//sys	GetHostByName(name string) (h *Hostent, err error) [failretval==nil] = ws2_32.gethostbyname
722//sys	GetServByName(name string, proto string) (s *Servent, err error) [failretval==nil] = ws2_32.getservbyname
723//sys	Ntohs(netshort uint16) (u uint16) = ws2_32.ntohs
724//sys	GetProtoByName(name string) (p *Protoent, err error) [failretval==nil] = ws2_32.getprotobyname
725//sys	DnsQuery(name string, qtype uint16, options uint32, extra *byte, qrs **DNSRecord, pr *byte) (status error) = dnsapi.DnsQuery_W
726//sys	DnsRecordListFree(rl *DNSRecord, freetype uint32) = dnsapi.DnsRecordListFree
727//sys	DnsNameCompare(name1 *uint16, name2 *uint16) (same bool) = dnsapi.DnsNameCompare_W
728//sys	GetAddrInfoW(nodename *uint16, servicename *uint16, hints *AddrinfoW, result **AddrinfoW) (sockerr error) = ws2_32.GetAddrInfoW
729//sys	FreeAddrInfoW(addrinfo *AddrinfoW) = ws2_32.FreeAddrInfoW
730//sys	GetIfEntry(pIfRow *MibIfRow) (errcode error) = iphlpapi.GetIfEntry
731//sys	GetAdaptersInfo(ai *IpAdapterInfo, ol *uint32) (errcode error) = iphlpapi.GetAdaptersInfo
732//sys	SetFileCompletionNotificationModes(handle Handle, flags uint8) (err error) = kernel32.SetFileCompletionNotificationModes
733//sys	WSAEnumProtocols(protocols *int32, protocolBuffer *WSAProtocolInfo, bufferLength *uint32) (n int32, err error) [failretval==-1] = ws2_32.WSAEnumProtocolsW
734//sys	GetAdaptersAddresses(family uint32, flags uint32, reserved uintptr, adapterAddresses *IpAdapterAddresses, sizePointer *uint32) (errcode error) = iphlpapi.GetAdaptersAddresses
735//sys	GetACP() (acp uint32) = kernel32.GetACP
736//sys	MultiByteToWideChar(codePage uint32, dwFlags uint32, str *byte, nstr int32, wchar *uint16, nwchar int32) (nwrite int32, err error) = kernel32.MultiByteToWideChar
737
738// For testing: clients can set this flag to force
739// creation of IPv6 sockets to return EAFNOSUPPORT.
740var SocketDisableIPv6 bool
741
742type RawSockaddrInet4 struct {
743	Family uint16
744	Port   uint16
745	Addr   [4]byte /* in_addr */
746	Zero   [8]uint8
747}
748
749type RawSockaddrInet6 struct {
750	Family   uint16
751	Port     uint16
752	Flowinfo uint32
753	Addr     [16]byte /* in6_addr */
754	Scope_id uint32
755}
756
757type RawSockaddr struct {
758	Family uint16
759	Data   [14]int8
760}
761
762type RawSockaddrAny struct {
763	Addr RawSockaddr
764	Pad  [100]int8
765}
766
767type Sockaddr interface {
768	sockaddr() (ptr unsafe.Pointer, len int32, err error) // lowercase; only we can define Sockaddrs
769}
770
771type SockaddrInet4 struct {
772	Port int
773	Addr [4]byte
774	raw  RawSockaddrInet4
775}
776
777func (sa *SockaddrInet4) sockaddr() (unsafe.Pointer, int32, error) {
778	if sa.Port < 0 || sa.Port > 0xFFFF {
779		return nil, 0, syscall.EINVAL
780	}
781	sa.raw.Family = AF_INET
782	p := (*[2]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&sa.raw.Port))
783	p[0] = byte(sa.Port >> 8)
784	p[1] = byte(sa.Port)
785	for i := 0; i < len(sa.Addr); i++ {
786		sa.raw.Addr[i] = sa.Addr[i]
787	}
788	return unsafe.Pointer(&sa.raw), int32(unsafe.Sizeof(sa.raw)), nil
789}
790
791type SockaddrInet6 struct {
792	Port   int
793	ZoneId uint32
794	Addr   [16]byte
795	raw    RawSockaddrInet6
796}
797
798func (sa *SockaddrInet6) sockaddr() (unsafe.Pointer, int32, error) {
799	if sa.Port < 0 || sa.Port > 0xFFFF {
800		return nil, 0, syscall.EINVAL
801	}
802	sa.raw.Family = AF_INET6
803	p := (*[2]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&sa.raw.Port))
804	p[0] = byte(sa.Port >> 8)
805	p[1] = byte(sa.Port)
806	sa.raw.Scope_id = sa.ZoneId
807	for i := 0; i < len(sa.Addr); i++ {
808		sa.raw.Addr[i] = sa.Addr[i]
809	}
810	return unsafe.Pointer(&sa.raw), int32(unsafe.Sizeof(sa.raw)), nil
811}
812
813type RawSockaddrUnix struct {
814	Family uint16
815	Path   [UNIX_PATH_MAX]int8
816}
817
818type SockaddrUnix struct {
819	Name string
820	raw  RawSockaddrUnix
821}
822
823func (sa *SockaddrUnix) sockaddr() (unsafe.Pointer, int32, error) {
824	name := sa.Name
825	n := len(name)
826	if n > len(sa.raw.Path) {
827		return nil, 0, syscall.EINVAL
828	}
829	if n == len(sa.raw.Path) && name[0] != '@' {
830		return nil, 0, syscall.EINVAL
831	}
832	sa.raw.Family = AF_UNIX
833	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
834		sa.raw.Path[i] = int8(name[i])
835	}
836	// length is family (uint16), name, NUL.
837	sl := int32(2)
838	if n > 0 {
839		sl += int32(n) + 1
840	}
841	if sa.raw.Path[0] == '@' {
842		sa.raw.Path[0] = 0
843		// Don't count trailing NUL for abstract address.
844		sl--
845	}
846
847	return unsafe.Pointer(&sa.raw), sl, nil
848}
849
850func (rsa *RawSockaddrAny) Sockaddr() (Sockaddr, error) {
851	switch rsa.Addr.Family {
852	case AF_UNIX:
853		pp := (*RawSockaddrUnix)(unsafe.Pointer(rsa))
854		sa := new(SockaddrUnix)
855		if pp.Path[0] == 0 {
856			// "Abstract" Unix domain socket.
857			// Rewrite leading NUL as @ for textual display.
858			// (This is the standard convention.)
859			// Not friendly to overwrite in place,
860			// but the callers below don't care.
861			pp.Path[0] = '@'
862		}
863
864		// Assume path ends at NUL.
865		// This is not technically the Linux semantics for
866		// abstract Unix domain sockets--they are supposed
867		// to be uninterpreted fixed-size binary blobs--but
868		// everyone uses this convention.
869		n := 0
870		for n < len(pp.Path) && pp.Path[n] != 0 {
871			n++
872		}
873		bytes := (*[len(pp.Path)]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&pp.Path[0]))[0:n]
874		sa.Name = string(bytes)
875		return sa, nil
876
877	case AF_INET:
878		pp := (*RawSockaddrInet4)(unsafe.Pointer(rsa))
879		sa := new(SockaddrInet4)
880		p := (*[2]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&pp.Port))
881		sa.Port = int(p[0])<<8 + int(p[1])
882		for i := 0; i < len(sa.Addr); i++ {
883			sa.Addr[i] = pp.Addr[i]
884		}
885		return sa, nil
886
887	case AF_INET6:
888		pp := (*RawSockaddrInet6)(unsafe.Pointer(rsa))
889		sa := new(SockaddrInet6)
890		p := (*[2]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&pp.Port))
891		sa.Port = int(p[0])<<8 + int(p[1])
892		sa.ZoneId = pp.Scope_id
893		for i := 0; i < len(sa.Addr); i++ {
894			sa.Addr[i] = pp.Addr[i]
895		}
896		return sa, nil
897	}
898	return nil, syscall.EAFNOSUPPORT
899}
900
901func Socket(domain, typ, proto int) (fd Handle, err error) {
902	if domain == AF_INET6 && SocketDisableIPv6 {
903		return InvalidHandle, syscall.EAFNOSUPPORT
904	}
905	return socket(int32(domain), int32(typ), int32(proto))
906}
907
908func SetsockoptInt(fd Handle, level, opt int, value int) (err error) {
909	v := int32(value)
910	return Setsockopt(fd, int32(level), int32(opt), (*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&v)), int32(unsafe.Sizeof(v)))
911}
912
913func Bind(fd Handle, sa Sockaddr) (err error) {
914	ptr, n, err := sa.sockaddr()
915	if err != nil {
916		return err
917	}
918	return bind(fd, ptr, n)
919}
920
921func Connect(fd Handle, sa Sockaddr) (err error) {
922	ptr, n, err := sa.sockaddr()
923	if err != nil {
924		return err
925	}
926	return connect(fd, ptr, n)
927}
928
929func Getsockname(fd Handle) (sa Sockaddr, err error) {
930	var rsa RawSockaddrAny
931	l := int32(unsafe.Sizeof(rsa))
932	if err = getsockname(fd, &rsa, &l); err != nil {
933		return
934	}
935	return rsa.Sockaddr()
936}
937
938func Getpeername(fd Handle) (sa Sockaddr, err error) {
939	var rsa RawSockaddrAny
940	l := int32(unsafe.Sizeof(rsa))
941	if err = getpeername(fd, &rsa, &l); err != nil {
942		return
943	}
944	return rsa.Sockaddr()
945}
946
947func Listen(s Handle, n int) (err error) {
948	return listen(s, int32(n))
949}
950
951func Shutdown(fd Handle, how int) (err error) {
952	return shutdown(fd, int32(how))
953}
954
955func WSASendto(s Handle, bufs *WSABuf, bufcnt uint32, sent *uint32, flags uint32, to Sockaddr, overlapped *Overlapped, croutine *byte) (err error) {
956	rsa, l, err := to.sockaddr()
957	if err != nil {
958		return err
959	}
960	return WSASendTo(s, bufs, bufcnt, sent, flags, (*RawSockaddrAny)(unsafe.Pointer(rsa)), l, overlapped, croutine)
961}
962
963func LoadGetAddrInfo() error {
964	return procGetAddrInfoW.Find()
965}
966
967var connectExFunc struct {
968	once sync.Once
969	addr uintptr
970	err  error
971}
972
973func LoadConnectEx() error {
974	connectExFunc.once.Do(func() {
975		var s Handle
976		s, connectExFunc.err = Socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP)
977		if connectExFunc.err != nil {
978			return
979		}
980		defer CloseHandle(s)
981		var n uint32
982		connectExFunc.err = WSAIoctl(s,
983			SIO_GET_EXTENSION_FUNCTION_POINTER,
984			(*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&WSAID_CONNECTEX)),
985			uint32(unsafe.Sizeof(WSAID_CONNECTEX)),
986			(*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&connectExFunc.addr)),
987			uint32(unsafe.Sizeof(connectExFunc.addr)),
988			&n, nil, 0)
989	})
990	return connectExFunc.err
991}
992
993func connectEx(s Handle, name unsafe.Pointer, namelen int32, sendBuf *byte, sendDataLen uint32, bytesSent *uint32, overlapped *Overlapped) (err error) {
994	r1, _, e1 := syscall.Syscall9(connectExFunc.addr, 7, uintptr(s), uintptr(name), uintptr(namelen), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(sendBuf)), uintptr(sendDataLen), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(bytesSent)), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(overlapped)), 0, 0)
995	if r1 == 0 {
996		if e1 != 0 {
997			err = error(e1)
998		} else {
999			err = syscall.EINVAL
1000		}
1001	}
1002	return
1003}
1004
1005func ConnectEx(fd Handle, sa Sockaddr, sendBuf *byte, sendDataLen uint32, bytesSent *uint32, overlapped *Overlapped) error {
1006	err := LoadConnectEx()
1007	if err != nil {
1008		return errorspkg.New("failed to find ConnectEx: " + err.Error())
1009	}
1010	ptr, n, err := sa.sockaddr()
1011	if err != nil {
1012		return err
1013	}
1014	return connectEx(fd, ptr, n, sendBuf, sendDataLen, bytesSent, overlapped)
1015}
1016
1017var sendRecvMsgFunc struct {
1018	once     sync.Once
1019	sendAddr uintptr
1020	recvAddr uintptr
1021	err      error
1022}
1023
1024func loadWSASendRecvMsg() error {
1025	sendRecvMsgFunc.once.Do(func() {
1026		var s Handle
1027		s, sendRecvMsgFunc.err = Socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP)
1028		if sendRecvMsgFunc.err != nil {
1029			return
1030		}
1031		defer CloseHandle(s)
1032		var n uint32
1033		sendRecvMsgFunc.err = WSAIoctl(s,
1034			SIO_GET_EXTENSION_FUNCTION_POINTER,
1035			(*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&WSAID_WSARECVMSG)),
1036			uint32(unsafe.Sizeof(WSAID_WSARECVMSG)),
1037			(*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&sendRecvMsgFunc.recvAddr)),
1038			uint32(unsafe.Sizeof(sendRecvMsgFunc.recvAddr)),
1039			&n, nil, 0)
1040		if sendRecvMsgFunc.err != nil {
1041			return
1042		}
1043		sendRecvMsgFunc.err = WSAIoctl(s,
1044			SIO_GET_EXTENSION_FUNCTION_POINTER,
1045			(*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&WSAID_WSASENDMSG)),
1046			uint32(unsafe.Sizeof(WSAID_WSASENDMSG)),
1047			(*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&sendRecvMsgFunc.sendAddr)),
1048			uint32(unsafe.Sizeof(sendRecvMsgFunc.sendAddr)),
1049			&n, nil, 0)
1050	})
1051	return sendRecvMsgFunc.err
1052}
1053
1054func WSASendMsg(fd Handle, msg *WSAMsg, flags uint32, bytesSent *uint32, overlapped *Overlapped, croutine *byte) error {
1055	err := loadWSASendRecvMsg()
1056	if err != nil {
1057		return err
1058	}
1059	r1, _, e1 := syscall.Syscall6(sendRecvMsgFunc.sendAddr, 6, uintptr(fd), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(msg)), uintptr(flags), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(bytesSent)), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(overlapped)), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(croutine)))
1060	if r1 == socket_error {
1061		if e1 != 0 {
1062			err = errnoErr(e1)
1063		} else {
1064			err = syscall.EINVAL
1065		}
1066	}
1067	return err
1068}
1069
1070func WSARecvMsg(fd Handle, msg *WSAMsg, bytesReceived *uint32, overlapped *Overlapped, croutine *byte) error {
1071	err := loadWSASendRecvMsg()
1072	if err != nil {
1073		return err
1074	}
1075	r1, _, e1 := syscall.Syscall6(sendRecvMsgFunc.recvAddr, 5, uintptr(fd), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(msg)), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(bytesReceived)), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(overlapped)), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(croutine)), 0)
1076	if r1 == socket_error {
1077		if e1 != 0 {
1078			err = errnoErr(e1)
1079		} else {
1080			err = syscall.EINVAL
1081		}
1082	}
1083	return err
1084}
1085
1086// Invented structures to support what package os expects.
1087type Rusage struct {
1088	CreationTime Filetime
1089	ExitTime     Filetime
1090	KernelTime   Filetime
1091	UserTime     Filetime
1092}
1093
1094type WaitStatus struct {
1095	ExitCode uint32
1096}
1097
1098func (w WaitStatus) Exited() bool { return true }
1099
1100func (w WaitStatus) ExitStatus() int { return int(w.ExitCode) }
1101
1102func (w WaitStatus) Signal() Signal { return -1 }
1103
1104func (w WaitStatus) CoreDump() bool { return false }
1105
1106func (w WaitStatus) Stopped() bool { return false }
1107
1108func (w WaitStatus) Continued() bool { return false }
1109
1110func (w WaitStatus) StopSignal() Signal { return -1 }
1111
1112func (w WaitStatus) Signaled() bool { return false }
1113
1114func (w WaitStatus) TrapCause() int { return -1 }
1115
1116// Timespec is an invented structure on Windows, but here for
1117// consistency with the corresponding package for other operating systems.
1118type Timespec struct {
1119	Sec  int64
1120	Nsec int64
1121}
1122
1123func TimespecToNsec(ts Timespec) int64 { return int64(ts.Sec)*1e9 + int64(ts.Nsec) }
1124
1125func NsecToTimespec(nsec int64) (ts Timespec) {
1126	ts.Sec = nsec / 1e9
1127	ts.Nsec = nsec % 1e9
1128	return
1129}
1130
1131// TODO(brainman): fix all needed for net
1132
1133func Accept(fd Handle) (nfd Handle, sa Sockaddr, err error) { return 0, nil, syscall.EWINDOWS }
1134
1135func Recvfrom(fd Handle, p []byte, flags int) (n int, from Sockaddr, err error) {
1136	var rsa RawSockaddrAny
1137	l := int32(unsafe.Sizeof(rsa))
1138	n32, err := recvfrom(fd, p, int32(flags), &rsa, &l)
1139	n = int(n32)
1140	if err != nil {
1141		return
1142	}
1143	from, err = rsa.Sockaddr()
1144	return
1145}
1146
1147func Sendto(fd Handle, p []byte, flags int, to Sockaddr) (err error) {
1148	ptr, l, err := to.sockaddr()
1149	if err != nil {
1150		return err
1151	}
1152	return sendto(fd, p, int32(flags), ptr, l)
1153}
1154
1155func SetsockoptTimeval(fd Handle, level, opt int, tv *Timeval) (err error) { return syscall.EWINDOWS }
1156
1157// The Linger struct is wrong but we only noticed after Go 1.
1158// sysLinger is the real system call structure.
1159
1160// BUG(brainman): The definition of Linger is not appropriate for direct use
1161// with Setsockopt and Getsockopt.
1162// Use SetsockoptLinger instead.
1163
1164type Linger struct {
1165	Onoff  int32
1166	Linger int32
1167}
1168
1169type sysLinger struct {
1170	Onoff  uint16
1171	Linger uint16
1172}
1173
1174type IPMreq struct {
1175	Multiaddr [4]byte /* in_addr */
1176	Interface [4]byte /* in_addr */
1177}
1178
1179type IPv6Mreq struct {
1180	Multiaddr [16]byte /* in6_addr */
1181	Interface uint32
1182}
1183
1184func GetsockoptInt(fd Handle, level, opt int) (int, error) { return -1, syscall.EWINDOWS }
1185
1186func SetsockoptLinger(fd Handle, level, opt int, l *Linger) (err error) {
1187	sys := sysLinger{Onoff: uint16(l.Onoff), Linger: uint16(l.Linger)}
1188	return Setsockopt(fd, int32(level), int32(opt), (*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&sys)), int32(unsafe.Sizeof(sys)))
1189}
1190
1191func SetsockoptInet4Addr(fd Handle, level, opt int, value [4]byte) (err error) {
1192	return Setsockopt(fd, int32(level), int32(opt), (*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&value[0])), 4)
1193}
1194func SetsockoptIPMreq(fd Handle, level, opt int, mreq *IPMreq) (err error) {
1195	return Setsockopt(fd, int32(level), int32(opt), (*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(mreq)), int32(unsafe.Sizeof(*mreq)))
1196}
1197func SetsockoptIPv6Mreq(fd Handle, level, opt int, mreq *IPv6Mreq) (err error) {
1198	return syscall.EWINDOWS
1199}
1200
1201func Getpid() (pid int) { return int(GetCurrentProcessId()) }
1202
1203func FindFirstFile(name *uint16, data *Win32finddata) (handle Handle, err error) {
1204	// NOTE(rsc): The Win32finddata struct is wrong for the system call:
1205	// the two paths are each one uint16 short. Use the correct struct,
1206	// a win32finddata1, and then copy the results out.
1207	// There is no loss of expressivity here, because the final
1208	// uint16, if it is used, is supposed to be a NUL, and Go doesn't need that.
1209	// For Go 1.1, we might avoid the allocation of win32finddata1 here
1210	// by adding a final Bug [2]uint16 field to the struct and then
1211	// adjusting the fields in the result directly.
1212	var data1 win32finddata1
1213	handle, err = findFirstFile1(name, &data1)
1214	if err == nil {
1215		copyFindData(data, &data1)
1216	}
1217	return
1218}
1219
1220func FindNextFile(handle Handle, data *Win32finddata) (err error) {
1221	var data1 win32finddata1
1222	err = findNextFile1(handle, &data1)
1223	if err == nil {
1224		copyFindData(data, &data1)
1225	}
1226	return
1227}
1228
1229func getProcessEntry(pid int) (*ProcessEntry32, error) {
1230	snapshot, err := CreateToolhelp32Snapshot(TH32CS_SNAPPROCESS, 0)
1231	if err != nil {
1232		return nil, err
1233	}
1234	defer CloseHandle(snapshot)
1235	var procEntry ProcessEntry32
1236	procEntry.Size = uint32(unsafe.Sizeof(procEntry))
1237	if err = Process32First(snapshot, &procEntry); err != nil {
1238		return nil, err
1239	}
1240	for {
1241		if procEntry.ProcessID == uint32(pid) {
1242			return &procEntry, nil
1243		}
1244		err = Process32Next(snapshot, &procEntry)
1245		if err != nil {
1246			return nil, err
1247		}
1248	}
1249}
1250
1251func Getppid() (ppid int) {
1252	pe, err := getProcessEntry(Getpid())
1253	if err != nil {
1254		return -1
1255	}
1256	return int(pe.ParentProcessID)
1257}
1258
1259// TODO(brainman): fix all needed for os
1260func Fchdir(fd Handle) (err error)             { return syscall.EWINDOWS }
1261func Link(oldpath, newpath string) (err error) { return syscall.EWINDOWS }
1262func Symlink(path, link string) (err error)    { return syscall.EWINDOWS }
1263
1264func Fchmod(fd Handle, mode uint32) (err error)        { return syscall.EWINDOWS }
1265func Chown(path string, uid int, gid int) (err error)  { return syscall.EWINDOWS }
1266func Lchown(path string, uid int, gid int) (err error) { return syscall.EWINDOWS }
1267func Fchown(fd Handle, uid int, gid int) (err error)   { return syscall.EWINDOWS }
1268
1269func Getuid() (uid int)                  { return -1 }
1270func Geteuid() (euid int)                { return -1 }
1271func Getgid() (gid int)                  { return -1 }
1272func Getegid() (egid int)                { return -1 }
1273func Getgroups() (gids []int, err error) { return nil, syscall.EWINDOWS }
1274
1275type Signal int
1276
1277func (s Signal) Signal() {}
1278
1279func (s Signal) String() string {
1280	if 0 <= s && int(s) < len(signals) {
1281		str := signals[s]
1282		if str != "" {
1283			return str
1284		}
1285	}
1286	return "signal " + itoa(int(s))
1287}
1288
1289func LoadCreateSymbolicLink() error {
1290	return procCreateSymbolicLinkW.Find()
1291}
1292
1293// Readlink returns the destination of the named symbolic link.
1294func Readlink(path string, buf []byte) (n int, err error) {
1295	fd, err := CreateFile(StringToUTF16Ptr(path), GENERIC_READ, 0, nil, OPEN_EXISTING,
1296		FILE_FLAG_OPEN_REPARSE_POINT|FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS, 0)
1297	if err != nil {
1298		return -1, err
1299	}
1300	defer CloseHandle(fd)
1301
1302	rdbbuf := make([]byte, MAXIMUM_REPARSE_DATA_BUFFER_SIZE)
1303	var bytesReturned uint32
1304	err = DeviceIoControl(fd, FSCTL_GET_REPARSE_POINT, nil, 0, &rdbbuf[0], uint32(len(rdbbuf)), &bytesReturned, nil)
1305	if err != nil {
1306		return -1, err
1307	}
1308
1309	rdb := (*reparseDataBuffer)(unsafe.Pointer(&rdbbuf[0]))
1310	var s string
1311	switch rdb.ReparseTag {
1312	case IO_REPARSE_TAG_SYMLINK:
1313		data := (*symbolicLinkReparseBuffer)(unsafe.Pointer(&rdb.reparseBuffer))
1314		p := (*[0xffff]uint16)(unsafe.Pointer(&data.PathBuffer[0]))
1315		s = UTF16ToString(p[data.PrintNameOffset/2 : (data.PrintNameLength-data.PrintNameOffset)/2])
1316	case IO_REPARSE_TAG_MOUNT_POINT:
1317		data := (*mountPointReparseBuffer)(unsafe.Pointer(&rdb.reparseBuffer))
1318		p := (*[0xffff]uint16)(unsafe.Pointer(&data.PathBuffer[0]))
1319		s = UTF16ToString(p[data.PrintNameOffset/2 : (data.PrintNameLength-data.PrintNameOffset)/2])
1320	default:
1321		// the path is not a symlink or junction but another type of reparse
1322		// point
1323		return -1, syscall.ENOENT
1324	}
1325	n = copy(buf, []byte(s))
1326
1327	return n, nil
1328}
1329
1330// GUIDFromString parses a string in the form of
1331// "{XXXXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXXXXXXXXXX}" into a GUID.
1332func GUIDFromString(str string) (GUID, error) {
1333	guid := GUID{}
1334	str16, err := syscall.UTF16PtrFromString(str)
1335	if err != nil {
1336		return guid, err
1337	}
1338	err = clsidFromString(str16, &guid)
1339	if err != nil {
1340		return guid, err
1341	}
1342	return guid, nil
1343}
1344
1345// GenerateGUID creates a new random GUID.
1346func GenerateGUID() (GUID, error) {
1347	guid := GUID{}
1348	err := coCreateGuid(&guid)
1349	if err != nil {
1350		return guid, err
1351	}
1352	return guid, nil
1353}
1354
1355// String returns the canonical string form of the GUID,
1356// in the form of "{XXXXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXXXXXXXXXX}".
1357func (guid GUID) String() string {
1358	var str [100]uint16
1359	chars := stringFromGUID2(&guid, &str[0], int32(len(str)))
1360	if chars <= 1 {
1361		return ""
1362	}
1363	return string(utf16.Decode(str[:chars-1]))
1364}
1365
1366// KnownFolderPath returns a well-known folder path for the current user, specified by one of
1367// the FOLDERID_ constants, and chosen and optionally created based on a KF_ flag.
1368func KnownFolderPath(folderID *KNOWNFOLDERID, flags uint32) (string, error) {
1369	return Token(0).KnownFolderPath(folderID, flags)
1370}
1371
1372// KnownFolderPath returns a well-known folder path for the user token, specified by one of
1373// the FOLDERID_ constants, and chosen and optionally created based on a KF_ flag.
1374func (t Token) KnownFolderPath(folderID *KNOWNFOLDERID, flags uint32) (string, error) {
1375	var p *uint16
1376	err := shGetKnownFolderPath(folderID, flags, t, &p)
1377	if err != nil {
1378		return "", err
1379	}
1380	defer CoTaskMemFree(unsafe.Pointer(p))
1381	return UTF16ToString((*[(1 << 30) - 1]uint16)(unsafe.Pointer(p))[:]), nil
1382}
1383
1384// RtlGetVersion returns the version of the underlying operating system, ignoring
1385// manifest semantics but is affected by the application compatibility layer.
1386func RtlGetVersion() *OsVersionInfoEx {
1387	info := &OsVersionInfoEx{}
1388	info.osVersionInfoSize = uint32(unsafe.Sizeof(*info))
1389	// According to documentation, this function always succeeds.
1390	// The function doesn't even check the validity of the
1391	// osVersionInfoSize member. Disassembling ntdll.dll indicates
1392	// that the documentation is indeed correct about that.
1393	_ = rtlGetVersion(info)
1394	return info
1395}
1396
1397// RtlGetNtVersionNumbers returns the version of the underlying operating system,
1398// ignoring manifest semantics and the application compatibility layer.
1399func RtlGetNtVersionNumbers() (majorVersion, minorVersion, buildNumber uint32) {
1400	rtlGetNtVersionNumbers(&majorVersion, &minorVersion, &buildNumber)
1401	buildNumber &= 0xffff
1402	return
1403}
1404
1405// GetProcessPreferredUILanguages retrieves the process preferred UI languages.
1406func GetProcessPreferredUILanguages(flags uint32) ([]string, error) {
1407	return getUILanguages(flags, getProcessPreferredUILanguages)
1408}
1409
1410// GetThreadPreferredUILanguages retrieves the thread preferred UI languages for the current thread.
1411func GetThreadPreferredUILanguages(flags uint32) ([]string, error) {
1412	return getUILanguages(flags, getThreadPreferredUILanguages)
1413}
1414
1415// GetUserPreferredUILanguages retrieves information about the user preferred UI languages.
1416func GetUserPreferredUILanguages(flags uint32) ([]string, error) {
1417	return getUILanguages(flags, getUserPreferredUILanguages)
1418}
1419
1420// GetSystemPreferredUILanguages retrieves the system preferred UI languages.
1421func GetSystemPreferredUILanguages(flags uint32) ([]string, error) {
1422	return getUILanguages(flags, getSystemPreferredUILanguages)
1423}
1424
1425func getUILanguages(flags uint32, f func(flags uint32, numLanguages *uint32, buf *uint16, bufSize *uint32) error) ([]string, error) {
1426	size := uint32(128)
1427	for {
1428		var numLanguages uint32
1429		buf := make([]uint16, size)
1430		err := f(flags, &numLanguages, &buf[0], &size)
1431		if err == ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER {
1432			continue
1433		}
1434		if err != nil {
1435			return nil, err
1436		}
1437		buf = buf[:size]
1438		if numLanguages == 0 || len(buf) == 0 { // GetProcessPreferredUILanguages may return numLanguages==0 with "\0\0"
1439			return []string{}, nil
1440		}
1441		if buf[len(buf)-1] == 0 {
1442			buf = buf[:len(buf)-1] // remove terminating null
1443		}
1444		languages := make([]string, 0, numLanguages)
1445		from := 0
1446		for i, c := range buf {
1447			if c == 0 {
1448				languages = append(languages, string(utf16.Decode(buf[from:i])))
1449				from = i + 1
1450			}
1451		}
1452		return languages, nil
1453	}
1454}
1455