xref: /openbsd/lib/libz/deflate.h (revision a225ed82)
1 /* deflate.h -- internal compression state
2  * Copyright (C) 1995-2024 Jean-loup Gailly
3  * For conditions of distribution and use, see copyright notice in zlib.h
4  */
5 
6 /* WARNING: this file should *not* be used by applications. It is
7    part of the implementation of the compression library and is
8    subject to change. Applications should only use zlib.h.
9  */
10 
11 #ifndef DEFLATE_H
12 #define DEFLATE_H
13 
14 #include "zutil.h"
15 
16 /* define NO_GZIP when compiling if you want to disable gzip header and
17    trailer creation by deflate().  NO_GZIP would be used to avoid linking in
18    the crc code when it is not needed.  For shared libraries, gzip encoding
19    should be left enabled. */
20 #ifndef NO_GZIP
21 #  define GZIP
22 #endif
23 
24 /* define LIT_MEM to slightly increase the speed of deflate (order 1% to 2%) at
25    the cost of a larger memory footprint */
26 /* #define LIT_MEM */
27 
28 /* ===========================================================================
29  * Internal compression state.
30  */
31 
32 #define LENGTH_CODES 29
33 /* number of length codes, not counting the special END_BLOCK code */
34 
35 #define LITERALS  256
36 /* number of literal bytes 0..255 */
37 
38 #define L_CODES (LITERALS+1+LENGTH_CODES)
39 /* number of Literal or Length codes, including the END_BLOCK code */
40 
41 #define D_CODES   30
42 /* number of distance codes */
43 
44 #define BL_CODES  19
45 /* number of codes used to transfer the bit lengths */
46 
47 #define HEAP_SIZE (2*L_CODES+1)
48 /* maximum heap size */
49 
50 #define MAX_BITS 15
51 /* All codes must not exceed MAX_BITS bits */
52 
53 #define Buf_size 16
54 /* size of bit buffer in bi_buf */
55 
56 #define INIT_STATE    42    /* zlib header -> BUSY_STATE */
57 #ifdef GZIP
58 #  define GZIP_STATE  57    /* gzip header -> BUSY_STATE | EXTRA_STATE */
59 #endif
60 #define EXTRA_STATE   69    /* gzip extra block -> NAME_STATE */
61 #define NAME_STATE    73    /* gzip file name -> COMMENT_STATE */
62 #define COMMENT_STATE 91    /* gzip comment -> HCRC_STATE */
63 #define HCRC_STATE   103    /* gzip header CRC -> BUSY_STATE */
64 #define BUSY_STATE   113    /* deflate -> FINISH_STATE */
65 #define FINISH_STATE 666    /* stream complete */
66 /* Stream status */
67 
68 
69 /* Data structure describing a single value and its code string. */
70 typedef struct ct_data_s {
71     union {
72         ush  freq;       /* frequency count */
73         ush  code;       /* bit string */
74     } fc;
75     union {
76         ush  dad;        /* father node in Huffman tree */
77         ush  len;        /* length of bit string */
78     } dl;
79 } FAR ct_data;
80 
81 #define Freq fc.freq
82 #define Code fc.code
83 #define Dad  dl.dad
84 #define Len  dl.len
85 
86 typedef struct static_tree_desc_s  static_tree_desc;
87 
88 typedef struct tree_desc_s {
89     ct_data *dyn_tree;           /* the dynamic tree */
90     int     max_code;            /* largest code with non zero frequency */
91     const static_tree_desc *stat_desc;  /* the corresponding static tree */
92 } FAR tree_desc;
93 
94 typedef ush Pos;
95 typedef Pos FAR Posf;
96 typedef unsigned IPos;
97 
98 /* A Pos is an index in the character window. We use short instead of int to
99  * save space in the various tables. IPos is used only for parameter passing.
100  */
101 
102 typedef struct internal_state {
103     z_streamp strm;      /* pointer back to this zlib stream */
104     int   status;        /* as the name implies */
105     Bytef *pending_buf;  /* output still pending */
106     ulg   pending_buf_size; /* size of pending_buf */
107     Bytef *pending_out;  /* next pending byte to output to the stream */
108     ulg   pending;       /* nb of bytes in the pending buffer */
109     int   wrap;          /* bit 0 true for zlib, bit 1 true for gzip */
110     gz_headerp  gzhead;  /* gzip header information to write */
111     ulg   gzindex;       /* where in extra, name, or comment */
112     Byte  method;        /* can only be DEFLATED */
113     int   last_flush;    /* value of flush param for previous deflate call */
114 
115                 /* used by deflate.c: */
116 
117     uInt  w_size;        /* LZ77 window size (32K by default) */
118     uInt  w_bits;        /* log2(w_size)  (8..16) */
119     uInt  w_mask;        /* w_size - 1 */
120 
121     Bytef *window;
122     /* Sliding window. Input bytes are read into the second half of the window,
123      * and move to the first half later to keep a dictionary of at least wSize
124      * bytes. With this organization, matches are limited to a distance of
125      * wSize-MAX_MATCH bytes, but this ensures that IO is always
126      * performed with a length multiple of the block size. Also, it limits
127      * the window size to 64K, which is quite useful on MSDOS.
128      * To do: use the user input buffer as sliding window.
129      */
130 
131     ulg window_size;
132     /* Actual size of window: 2*wSize, except when the user input buffer
133      * is directly used as sliding window.
134      */
135 
136     Posf *prev;
137     /* Link to older string with same hash index. To limit the size of this
138      * array to 64K, this link is maintained only for the last 32K strings.
139      * An index in this array is thus a window index modulo 32K.
140      */
141 
142     Posf *head; /* Heads of the hash chains or NIL. */
143 
144     uInt  ins_h;          /* hash index of string to be inserted */
145     uInt  hash_size;      /* number of elements in hash table */
146     uInt  hash_bits;      /* log2(hash_size) */
147     uInt  hash_mask;      /* hash_size-1 */
148 
149     uInt  hash_shift;
150     /* Number of bits by which ins_h must be shifted at each input
151      * step. It must be such that after MIN_MATCH steps, the oldest
152      * byte no longer takes part in the hash key, that is:
153      *   hash_shift * MIN_MATCH >= hash_bits
154      */
155 
156     long block_start;
157     /* Window position at the beginning of the current output block. Gets
158      * negative when the window is moved backwards.
159      */
160 
161     uInt match_length;           /* length of best match */
162     IPos prev_match;             /* previous match */
163     int match_available;         /* set if previous match exists */
164     uInt strstart;               /* start of string to insert */
165     uInt match_start;            /* start of matching string */
166     uInt lookahead;              /* number of valid bytes ahead in window */
167 
168     uInt prev_length;
169     /* Length of the best match at previous step. Matches not greater than this
170      * are discarded. This is used in the lazy match evaluation.
171      */
172 
173     uInt max_chain_length;
174     /* To speed up deflation, hash chains are never searched beyond this
175      * length.  A higher limit improves compression ratio but degrades the
176      * speed.
177      */
178 
179     uInt max_lazy_match;
180     /* Attempt to find a better match only when the current match is strictly
181      * smaller than this value. This mechanism is used only for compression
182      * levels >= 4.
183      */
184 #   define max_insert_length  max_lazy_match
185     /* Insert new strings in the hash table only if the match length is not
186      * greater than this length. This saves time but degrades compression.
187      * max_insert_length is used only for compression levels <= 3.
188      */
189 
190     int level;    /* compression level (1..9) */
191     int strategy; /* favor or force Huffman coding*/
192 
193     uInt good_match;
194     /* Use a faster search when the previous match is longer than this */
195 
196     int nice_match; /* Stop searching when current match exceeds this */
197 
198                 /* used by trees.c: */
199     /* Didn't use ct_data typedef below to suppress compiler warning */
200     struct ct_data_s dyn_ltree[HEAP_SIZE];   /* literal and length tree */
201     struct ct_data_s dyn_dtree[2*D_CODES+1]; /* distance tree */
202     struct ct_data_s bl_tree[2*BL_CODES+1];  /* Huffman tree for bit lengths */
203 
204     struct tree_desc_s l_desc;               /* desc. for literal tree */
205     struct tree_desc_s d_desc;               /* desc. for distance tree */
206     struct tree_desc_s bl_desc;              /* desc. for bit length tree */
207 
208     ush bl_count[MAX_BITS+1];
209     /* number of codes at each bit length for an optimal tree */
210 
211     int heap[2*L_CODES+1];      /* heap used to build the Huffman trees */
212     int heap_len;               /* number of elements in the heap */
213     int heap_max;               /* element of largest frequency */
214     /* The sons of heap[n] are heap[2*n] and heap[2*n+1]. heap[0] is not used.
215      * The same heap array is used to build all trees.
216      */
217 
218     uch depth[2*L_CODES+1];
219     /* Depth of each subtree used as tie breaker for trees of equal frequency
220      */
221 
222 #ifdef LIT_MEM
223 #   define LIT_BUFS 5
224     ushf *d_buf;          /* buffer for distances */
225     uchf *l_buf;          /* buffer for literals/lengths */
226 #else
227 #   define LIT_BUFS 4
228     uchf *sym_buf;        /* buffer for distances and literals/lengths */
229 #endif
230 
231     uInt  lit_bufsize;
232     /* Size of match buffer for literals/lengths.  There are 4 reasons for
233      * limiting lit_bufsize to 64K:
234      *   - frequencies can be kept in 16 bit counters
235      *   - if compression is not successful for the first block, all input
236      *     data is still in the window so we can still emit a stored block even
237      *     when input comes from standard input.  (This can also be done for
238      *     all blocks if lit_bufsize is not greater than 32K.)
239      *   - if compression is not successful for a file smaller than 64K, we can
240      *     even emit a stored file instead of a stored block (saving 5 bytes).
241      *     This is applicable only for zip (not gzip or zlib).
242      *   - creating new Huffman trees less frequently may not provide fast
243      *     adaptation to changes in the input data statistics. (Take for
244      *     example a binary file with poorly compressible code followed by
245      *     a highly compressible string table.) Smaller buffer sizes give
246      *     fast adaptation but have of course the overhead of transmitting
247      *     trees more frequently.
248      *   - I can't count above 4
249      */
250 
251     uInt sym_next;      /* running index in symbol buffer */
252     uInt sym_end;       /* symbol table full when sym_next reaches this */
253 
254     ulg opt_len;        /* bit length of current block with optimal trees */
255     ulg static_len;     /* bit length of current block with static trees */
256     uInt matches;       /* number of string matches in current block */
257     uInt insert;        /* bytes at end of window left to insert */
258 
259 #ifdef ZLIB_DEBUG
260     ulg compressed_len; /* total bit length of compressed file mod 2^32 */
261     ulg bits_sent;      /* bit length of compressed data sent mod 2^32 */
262 #endif
263 
264     ush bi_buf;
265     /* Output buffer. bits are inserted starting at the bottom (least
266      * significant bits).
267      */
268     int bi_valid;
269     /* Number of valid bits in bi_buf.  All bits above the last valid bit
270      * are always zero.
271      */
272     int bi_used;
273     /* Last number of used bits when going to a byte boundary.
274      */
275 
276     ulg high_water;
277     /* High water mark offset in window for initialized bytes -- bytes above
278      * this are set to zero in order to avoid memory check warnings when
279      * longest match routines access bytes past the input.  This is then
280      * updated to the new high water mark.
281      */
282 
283 } FAR deflate_state;
284 
285 /* Output a byte on the stream.
286  * IN assertion: there is enough room in pending_buf.
287  */
288 #define put_byte(s, c) {s->pending_buf[s->pending++] = (Bytef)(c);}
289 
290 
291 #define MIN_LOOKAHEAD (MAX_MATCH+MIN_MATCH+1)
292 /* Minimum amount of lookahead, except at the end of the input file.
293  * See deflate.c for comments about the MIN_MATCH+1.
294  */
295 
296 #define MAX_DIST(s)  ((s)->w_size-MIN_LOOKAHEAD)
297 /* In order to simplify the code, particularly on 16 bit machines, match
298  * distances are limited to MAX_DIST instead of WSIZE.
299  */
300 
301 #define WIN_INIT MAX_MATCH
302 /* Number of bytes after end of data in window to initialize in order to avoid
303    memory checker errors from longest match routines */
304 
305         /* in trees.c */
306 void ZLIB_INTERNAL _tr_init(deflate_state *s);
307 int ZLIB_INTERNAL _tr_tally(deflate_state *s, unsigned dist, unsigned lc);
308 void ZLIB_INTERNAL _tr_flush_block(deflate_state *s, charf *buf,
309                                    ulg stored_len, int last);
310 void ZLIB_INTERNAL _tr_flush_bits(deflate_state *s);
311 void ZLIB_INTERNAL _tr_align(deflate_state *s);
312 void ZLIB_INTERNAL _tr_stored_block(deflate_state *s, charf *buf,
313                                     ulg stored_len, int last);
314 
315 #define d_code(dist) \
316    ((dist) < 256 ? _dist_code[dist] : _dist_code[256+((dist)>>7)])
317 /* Mapping from a distance to a distance code. dist is the distance - 1 and
318  * must not have side effects. _dist_code[256] and _dist_code[257] are never
319  * used.
320  */
321 
322 #ifndef ZLIB_DEBUG
323 /* Inline versions of _tr_tally for speed: */
324 
325 #if defined(GEN_TREES_H) || !defined(STDC)
326   extern uch ZLIB_INTERNAL _length_code[];
327   extern uch ZLIB_INTERNAL _dist_code[];
328 #else
329   extern const uch ZLIB_INTERNAL _length_code[];
330   extern const uch ZLIB_INTERNAL _dist_code[];
331 #endif
332 
333 #ifdef LIT_MEM
334 # define _tr_tally_lit(s, c, flush) \
335   { uch cc = (c); \
336     s->d_buf[s->sym_next] = 0; \
337     s->l_buf[s->sym_next++] = cc; \
338     s->dyn_ltree[cc].Freq++; \
339     flush = (s->sym_next == s->sym_end); \
340    }
341 # define _tr_tally_dist(s, distance, length, flush) \
342   { uch len = (uch)(length); \
343     ush dist = (ush)(distance); \
344     s->d_buf[s->sym_next] = dist; \
345     s->l_buf[s->sym_next++] = len; \
346     dist--; \
347     s->dyn_ltree[_length_code[len]+LITERALS+1].Freq++; \
348     s->dyn_dtree[d_code(dist)].Freq++; \
349     flush = (s->sym_next == s->sym_end); \
350   }
351 #else
352 # define _tr_tally_lit(s, c, flush) \
353   { uch cc = (c); \
354     s->sym_buf[s->sym_next++] = 0; \
355     s->sym_buf[s->sym_next++] = 0; \
356     s->sym_buf[s->sym_next++] = cc; \
357     s->dyn_ltree[cc].Freq++; \
358     flush = (s->sym_next == s->sym_end); \
359    }
360 # define _tr_tally_dist(s, distance, length, flush) \
361   { uch len = (uch)(length); \
362     ush dist = (ush)(distance); \
363     s->sym_buf[s->sym_next++] = (uch)dist; \
364     s->sym_buf[s->sym_next++] = (uch)(dist >> 8); \
365     s->sym_buf[s->sym_next++] = len; \
366     dist--; \
367     s->dyn_ltree[_length_code[len]+LITERALS+1].Freq++; \
368     s->dyn_dtree[d_code(dist)].Freq++; \
369     flush = (s->sym_next == s->sym_end); \
370   }
371 #endif
372 #else
373 # define _tr_tally_lit(s, c, flush) flush = _tr_tally(s, 0, c)
374 # define _tr_tally_dist(s, distance, length, flush) \
375               flush = _tr_tally(s, distance, length)
376 #endif
377 
378 #endif /* DEFLATE_H */
379