xref: /openbsd/usr.bin/stat/stat.c (revision fa7c2eee)
1 /*	$OpenBSD: stat.c,v 1.25 2023/08/06 19:36:13 guenther Exp $ */
2 /*	$NetBSD: stat.c,v 1.19 2004/06/20 22:20:16 jmc Exp $ */
3 
4 /*
5  * Copyright (c) 2002 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
6  * All rights reserved.
7  *
8  * This code is derived from software contributed to The NetBSD Foundation
9  * by Andrew Brown.
10  *
11  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
12  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
13  * are met:
14  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
15  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
16  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
17  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
18  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
19  *
20  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
21  * ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
22  * TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
23  * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
24  * BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
25  * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
26  * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
27  * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
28  * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
29  * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
30  * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
31  */
32 
33 #include <sys/types.h>
34 #include <sys/stat.h>
35 
36 #include <ctype.h>
37 #include <err.h>
38 #include <errno.h>
39 #include <grp.h>
40 #include <limits.h>
41 #include <pwd.h>
42 #include <stdio.h>
43 #include <stdlib.h>
44 #include <string.h>
45 #include <time.h>
46 #include <unistd.h>
47 
48 #define DEF_FORMAT \
49 	"%d %i %Sp %l %Su %Sg %r %z \"%Sa\" \"%Sm\" \"%Sc\" " \
50 	"%k %b %#Xf %N"
51 #define RAW_FORMAT	"%d %i %#p %l %u %g %r %z %a %m %c " \
52 	"%k %b %f %N"
53 #define LS_FORMAT	"%Sp %l %Su %Sg %Z %Sm %N%SY"
54 #define LSF_FORMAT	"%Sp %l %Su %Sg %Z %Sm %N%T%SY"
55 #define SHELL_FORMAT \
56 	"st_dev=%d st_ino=%i st_mode=%#p st_nlink=%l " \
57 	"st_uid=%u st_gid=%g st_rdev=%r st_size=%z " \
58 	"st_atime=%a st_mtime=%m st_ctime=%c " \
59 	"st_blksize=%k st_blocks=%b st_flags=%f"
60 #define LINUX_FORMAT \
61 	"  File: \"%N\"%n" \
62 	"  Size: %-11z  FileType: %HT%n" \
63 	"  Mode: (%01Mp%03OLp/%.10Sp)         Uid: (%5u/%8Su)  Gid: (%5g/%8Sg)%n" \
64 	"Device: %Hd,%Ld   Inode: %i    Links: %l%n" \
65 	"Access: %Sa%n" \
66 	"Modify: %Sm%n" \
67 	"Change: %Sc"
68 
69 #define TIME_FORMAT	"%b %e %T %Y"
70 
71 #define FLAG_POUND	0x01
72 #define FLAG_SPACE	0x02
73 #define FLAG_PLUS	0x04
74 #define FLAG_ZERO	0x08
75 #define FLAG_MINUS	0x10
76 
77 /*
78  * These format characters must all be unique, except the magic one.
79  */
80 #define FMT_MAGIC	'%'
81 #define FMT_DOT		'.'
82 
83 #define SIMPLE_NEWLINE	'n'
84 #define SIMPLE_TAB	't'
85 #define SIMPLE_PERCENT	'%'
86 #define SIMPLE_NUMBER	'@'
87 
88 #define FMT_POUND	'#'
89 #define FMT_SPACE	' '
90 #define FMT_PLUS	'+'
91 #define FMT_ZERO	'0'
92 #define FMT_MINUS	'-'
93 
94 #define FMT_DECIMAL	'D'
95 #define FMT_OCTAL	'O'
96 #define FMT_UNSIGNED	'U'
97 #define FMT_HEX		'X'
98 #define FMT_FLOAT	'F'
99 #define FMT_STRING	'S'
100 
101 #define FMTF_DECIMAL	0x01
102 #define FMTF_OCTAL	0x02
103 #define FMTF_UNSIGNED	0x04
104 #define FMTF_HEX	0x08
105 #define FMTF_FLOAT	0x10
106 #define FMTF_STRING	0x20
107 
108 #define HIGH_PIECE	'H'
109 #define MIDDLE_PIECE	'M'
110 #define LOW_PIECE	'L'
111 
112 #define SHOW_st_dev	'd'
113 #define SHOW_st_ino	'i'
114 #define SHOW_st_mode	'p'
115 #define SHOW_st_nlink	'l'
116 #define SHOW_st_uid	'u'
117 #define SHOW_st_gid	'g'
118 #define SHOW_st_rdev	'r'
119 #define SHOW_st_atime	'a'
120 #define SHOW_st_mtime	'm'
121 #define SHOW_st_ctime	'c'
122 #define SHOW_st_btime	'B'
123 #define SHOW_st_size	'z'
124 #define SHOW_st_blocks	'b'
125 #define SHOW_st_blksize	'k'
126 #define SHOW_st_flags	'f'
127 #define SHOW_st_gen	'v'
128 #define SHOW_symlink	'Y'
129 #define SHOW_filetype	'T'
130 #define SHOW_filename	'N'
131 #define SHOW_sizerdev	'Z'
132 
133 void	usage(const char *);
134 void	output(const struct stat *, const char *,
135 	    const char *, int, int);
136 int	format1(const struct stat *,	/* stat info */
137 	    const char *,		/* the file name */
138 	    const char *, int,		/* the format string itself */
139 	    char *, size_t,		/* a place to put the output */
140 	    int, int, int, int,		/* the parsed format */
141 	    int, int);
142 
143 char *timefmt;
144 
145 #define addchar(s, c, nl) \
146 	do { \
147 		(void)fputc((c), (s)); \
148 		(*nl) = ((c) == '\n'); \
149 	} while (0/*CONSTCOND*/)
150 
151 extern char *__progname;
152 
153 int
main(int argc,char * argv[])154 main(int argc, char *argv[])
155 {
156 	struct stat st;
157 	int ch, rc, errs;
158 	int lsF, fmtchar, usestat, fn, nonl, quiet;
159 	char *statfmt, *options, *synopsis;
160 
161 	if (pledge("stdio rpath getpw", NULL) == -1)
162 		err(1, "pledge");
163 
164 	lsF = 0;
165 	fmtchar = '\0';
166 	usestat = 0;
167 	nonl = 0;
168 	quiet = 0;
169 	statfmt = NULL;
170 	timefmt = NULL;
171 
172 	options = "f:FlLnqrst:x";
173 	synopsis = "[-FLnq] [-f format | -l | -r | -s | -x] "
174 	    "[-t timefmt] [file ...]";
175 
176 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, options)) != -1)
177 		switch (ch) {
178 		case 'F':
179 			lsF = 1;
180 			break;
181 		case 'L':
182 			usestat = 1;
183 			break;
184 		case 'n':
185 			nonl = 1;
186 			break;
187 		case 'q':
188 			quiet = 1;
189 			break;
190 		case 'f':
191 			statfmt = optarg;
192 			/* FALLTHROUGH */
193 		case 'l':
194 		case 'r':
195 		case 's':
196 		case 'x':
197 			if (fmtchar != 0)
198 				errx(1, "can't use format '%c' with '%c'",
199 				    fmtchar, ch);
200 			fmtchar = ch;
201 			break;
202 		case 't':
203 			timefmt = optarg;
204 			break;
205 		default:
206 			usage(synopsis);
207 		}
208 
209 	argc -= optind;
210 	argv += optind;
211 	fn = 1;
212 
213 	if (fmtchar == '\0') {
214 		if (lsF)
215 			fmtchar = 'l';
216 		else {
217 			fmtchar = 'f';
218 			statfmt = DEF_FORMAT;
219 		}
220 	}
221 
222 	if (lsF && fmtchar != 'l')
223 		errx(1, "can't use format '%c' with -F", fmtchar);
224 
225 	switch (fmtchar) {
226 	case 'f':
227 		/* statfmt already set */
228 		break;
229 	case 'l':
230 		statfmt = lsF ? LSF_FORMAT : LS_FORMAT;
231 		break;
232 	case 'r':
233 		statfmt = RAW_FORMAT;
234 		break;
235 	case 's':
236 		statfmt = SHELL_FORMAT;
237 		break;
238 	case 'x':
239 		statfmt = LINUX_FORMAT;
240 		if (timefmt == NULL)
241 			timefmt = "%c";
242 		break;
243 	default:
244 		usage(synopsis);
245 		/*NOTREACHED*/
246 	}
247 
248 	if (timefmt == NULL)
249 		timefmt = TIME_FORMAT;
250 
251 	errs = 0;
252 	do {
253 		if (argc == 0)
254 			rc = fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st);
255 		else if (usestat) {
256 			/*
257 			 * Try stat() and if it fails, fall back to
258 			 * lstat() just in case we're examining a
259 			 * broken symlink.
260 			 */
261 			if ((rc = stat(argv[0], &st)) == -1 &&
262 			    errno == ENOENT &&
263 			    (rc = lstat(argv[0], &st)) == -1)
264 				errno = ENOENT;
265 		} else
266 			rc = lstat(argv[0], &st);
267 
268 		if (rc == -1) {
269 			errs = 1;
270 			if (!quiet)
271 				warn("%s",
272 				    argc == 0 ? "(stdin)" : argv[0]);
273 		} else
274 			output(&st, argv[0], statfmt, fn, nonl);
275 
276 		argv++;
277 		argc--;
278 		fn++;
279 	} while (argc > 0);
280 
281 	return (errs);
282 }
283 
284 void
usage(const char * synopsis)285 usage(const char *synopsis)
286 {
287 
288 	(void)fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s %s\n", __progname, synopsis);
289 	exit(1);
290 }
291 
292 /*
293  * Parses a format string.
294  */
295 void
output(const struct stat * st,const char * file,const char * statfmt,int fn,int nonl)296 output(const struct stat *st, const char *file,
297     const char *statfmt, int fn, int nonl)
298 {
299 	int flags, size, prec, ofmt, hilo, what;
300 	char buf[PATH_MAX + 4 + 1];
301 	const char *subfmt;
302 	int nl, t, i;
303 
304 	nl = 1;
305 	while (*statfmt != '\0') {
306 
307 		/*
308 		 * Non-format characters go straight out.
309 		 */
310 		if (*statfmt != FMT_MAGIC) {
311 			addchar(stdout, *statfmt, &nl);
312 			statfmt++;
313 			continue;
314 		}
315 
316 		/*
317 		 * The current format "substring" starts here,
318 		 * and then we skip the magic.
319 		 */
320 		subfmt = statfmt;
321 		statfmt++;
322 
323 		/*
324 		 * Some simple one-character "formats".
325 		 */
326 		switch (*statfmt) {
327 		case SIMPLE_NEWLINE:
328 			addchar(stdout, '\n', &nl);
329 			statfmt++;
330 			continue;
331 		case SIMPLE_TAB:
332 			addchar(stdout, '\t', &nl);
333 			statfmt++;
334 			continue;
335 		case SIMPLE_PERCENT:
336 			addchar(stdout, '%', &nl);
337 			statfmt++;
338 			continue;
339 		case SIMPLE_NUMBER: {
340 			char num[12], *p;
341 
342 			snprintf(num, sizeof(num), "%d", fn);
343 			for (p = &num[0]; *p; p++)
344 				addchar(stdout, *p, &nl);
345 			statfmt++;
346 			continue;
347 		}
348 		}
349 
350 		/*
351 		 * This must be an actual format string.  Format strings are
352 		 * similar to printf(3) formats up to a point, and are of
353 		 * the form:
354 		 *
355 		 *	%	required start of format
356 		 *	[-# +0]	opt. format characters
357 		 *	size	opt. field width
358 		 *	.	opt. decimal separator, followed by
359 		 *	prec	opt. precision
360 		 *	fmt	opt. output specifier (string, numeric, etc.)
361 		 *	sub	opt. sub field specifier (high, middle, low)
362 		 *	datum	required field specifier (size, mode, etc)
363 		 *
364 		 * Only the % and the datum selector are required.  All data
365 		 * have reasonable default output forms.  The "sub" specifier
366 		 * only applies to certain data (mode, dev, rdev, filetype).
367 		 * The symlink output defaults to STRING, yet will only emit
368 		 * the leading " -> " if STRING is explicitly specified.  The
369 		 * sizerdev datum will generate rdev output for character or
370 		 * block devices, and size output for all others.
371 		 */
372 		flags = 0;
373 		do {
374 			if (*statfmt == FMT_POUND)
375 				flags |= FLAG_POUND;
376 			else if (*statfmt == FMT_SPACE)
377 				flags |= FLAG_SPACE;
378 			else if (*statfmt == FMT_PLUS)
379 				flags |= FLAG_PLUS;
380 			else if (*statfmt == FMT_ZERO)
381 				flags |= FLAG_ZERO;
382 			else if (*statfmt == FMT_MINUS)
383 				flags |= FLAG_MINUS;
384 			else
385 				break;
386 			statfmt++;
387 		} while (1/*CONSTCOND*/);
388 
389 		size = -1;
390 		if (isdigit((unsigned char)*statfmt)) {
391 			size = 0;
392 			while (isdigit((unsigned char)*statfmt)) {
393 				size = (size * 10) + (*statfmt - '0');
394 				statfmt++;
395 				if (size < 0)
396 					goto badfmt;
397 			}
398 		}
399 
400 		prec = -1;
401 		if (*statfmt == FMT_DOT) {
402 			statfmt++;
403 
404 			prec = 0;
405 			while (isdigit((unsigned char)*statfmt)) {
406 				prec = (prec * 10) + (*statfmt - '0');
407 				statfmt++;
408 				if (prec < 0)
409 					goto badfmt;
410 			}
411 		}
412 
413 #define fmtcase(x, y)		case (y): (x) = (y); statfmt++; break
414 #define fmtcasef(x, y, z)	case (y): (x) = (z); statfmt++; break
415 		switch (*statfmt) {
416 			fmtcasef(ofmt, FMT_DECIMAL,	FMTF_DECIMAL);
417 			fmtcasef(ofmt, FMT_OCTAL,	FMTF_OCTAL);
418 			fmtcasef(ofmt, FMT_UNSIGNED,	FMTF_UNSIGNED);
419 			fmtcasef(ofmt, FMT_HEX,		FMTF_HEX);
420 			fmtcasef(ofmt, FMT_FLOAT,	FMTF_FLOAT);
421 			fmtcasef(ofmt, FMT_STRING,	FMTF_STRING);
422 		default:
423 			ofmt = 0;
424 			break;
425 		}
426 
427 		switch (*statfmt) {
428 			fmtcase(hilo, HIGH_PIECE);
429 			fmtcase(hilo, MIDDLE_PIECE);
430 			fmtcase(hilo, LOW_PIECE);
431 		default:
432 			hilo = 0;
433 			break;
434 		}
435 
436 		switch (*statfmt) {
437 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_dev);
438 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_ino);
439 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_mode);
440 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_nlink);
441 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_uid);
442 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_gid);
443 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_rdev);
444 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_atime);
445 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_mtime);
446 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_ctime);
447 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_btime);
448 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_size);
449 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_blocks);
450 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_blksize);
451 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_flags);
452 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_gen);
453 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_symlink);
454 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_filetype);
455 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_filename);
456 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_sizerdev);
457 		default:
458 			goto badfmt;
459 		}
460 #undef fmtcasef
461 #undef fmtcase
462 
463 		t = format1(st, file, subfmt, statfmt - subfmt, buf,
464 		    sizeof(buf), flags, size, prec, ofmt, hilo, what);
465 
466 		for (i = 0; i < t && i < sizeof(buf) - 1; i++)
467 			addchar(stdout, buf[i], &nl);
468 
469 		continue;
470 
471 	badfmt:
472 		errx(1, "%.*s: bad format",
473 		    (int)(statfmt - subfmt + 1), subfmt);
474 	}
475 
476 	if (!nl && !nonl)
477 		(void)fputc('\n', stdout);
478 	(void)fflush(stdout);
479 }
480 
481 /*
482  * Arranges output according to a single parsed format substring.
483  */
484 int
format1(const struct stat * st,const char * file,const char * fmt,int flen,char * buf,size_t blen,int flags,int size,int prec,int ofmt,int hilo,int what)485 format1(const struct stat *st,
486     const char *file,
487     const char *fmt, int flen,
488     char *buf, size_t blen,
489     int flags, int size, int prec, int ofmt,
490     int hilo, int what)
491 {
492 	u_int64_t data;
493 	char lfmt[24], tmp[20];
494 	char smode[12], sid[12], path[PATH_MAX + 4];
495 	const char *sdata;
496 	struct tm *tm;
497 	time_t secs;
498 	long nsecs;
499 	int l, small, formats, gottime, n;
500 
501 	formats = 0;
502 	small = 0;
503 	gottime = 0;
504 	secs = 0;
505 	nsecs = 0;
506 
507 	/*
508 	 * First, pick out the data and tweak it based on hilo or
509 	 * specified output format (symlink output only).
510 	 */
511 	switch (what) {
512 	case SHOW_st_dev:
513 	case SHOW_st_rdev:
514 		small = (sizeof(st->st_dev) == 4);
515 		data = (what == SHOW_st_dev) ? st->st_dev : st->st_rdev;
516 		sdata = (what == SHOW_st_dev) ?
517 		    devname(st->st_dev, S_IFBLK) :
518 		    devname(st->st_rdev,
519 		    S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) ? S_IFCHR :
520 		    S_ISBLK(st->st_mode) ? S_IFBLK :
521 		    0U);
522 		if (sdata == NULL)
523 			sdata = "???";
524 		if (hilo == HIGH_PIECE) {
525 			data = major(data);
526 			hilo = 0;
527 		} else if (hilo == LOW_PIECE) {
528 			data = minor((unsigned)data);
529 			hilo = 0;
530 		}
531 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX |
532 		    FMTF_STRING;
533 		if (ofmt == 0)
534 			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
535 		break;
536 	case SHOW_st_ino:
537 		small = (sizeof(st->st_ino) == 4);
538 		data = st->st_ino;
539 		sdata = NULL;
540 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX;
541 		if (ofmt == 0)
542 			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
543 		break;
544 	case SHOW_st_mode:
545 		small = (sizeof(st->st_mode) == 4);
546 		data = st->st_mode;
547 		strmode(st->st_mode, smode);
548 		l = strlen(smode);
549 		if (smode[l - 1] == ' ')
550 			smode[--l] = '\0';
551 		switch (hilo) {
552 		case HIGH_PIECE:
553 			data >>= 12;
554 			smode[4] = '\0';
555 			sdata = smode + 1;
556 			break;
557 		case MIDDLE_PIECE:
558 			data = (data >> 9) & 07;
559 			smode[7] = '\0';
560 			sdata = smode + 4;
561 			break;
562 		case LOW_PIECE:
563 			data &= 0777;
564 			smode[10] = '\0';
565 			sdata = smode + 7;
566 			break;
567 		default:
568 			sdata = smode;
569 			break;
570 		}
571 		hilo = 0;
572 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX |
573 		    FMTF_STRING;
574 		if (ofmt == 0)
575 			ofmt = FMTF_OCTAL;
576 		break;
577 	case SHOW_st_nlink:
578 		small = (sizeof(st->st_dev) == 4);
579 		data = st->st_nlink;
580 		sdata = NULL;
581 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX;
582 		if (ofmt == 0)
583 			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
584 		break;
585 	case SHOW_st_uid:
586 		small = (sizeof(st->st_uid) == 4);
587 		data = st->st_uid;
588 		sdata = user_from_uid(st->st_uid, 1);
589 		if (sdata == NULL) {
590 			snprintf(sid, sizeof(sid), "(%ld)", (long)st->st_uid);
591 			sdata = sid;
592 		}
593 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX |
594 		    FMTF_STRING;
595 		if (ofmt == 0)
596 			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
597 		break;
598 	case SHOW_st_gid:
599 		small = (sizeof(st->st_gid) == 4);
600 		data = st->st_gid;
601 		sdata = group_from_gid(st->st_gid, 1);
602 		if (sdata == NULL) {
603 			snprintf(sid, sizeof(sid), "(%ld)", (long)st->st_gid);
604 			sdata = sid;
605 		}
606 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX |
607 		    FMTF_STRING;
608 		if (ofmt == 0)
609 			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
610 		break;
611 	case SHOW_st_atime:
612 		gottime = 1;
613 		secs = st->st_atime;
614 		nsecs = st->st_atim.tv_nsec;
615 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
616 	case SHOW_st_mtime:
617 		if (!gottime) {
618 			gottime = 1;
619 			secs = st->st_mtime;
620 			nsecs = st->st_mtim.tv_nsec;
621 		}
622 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
623 	case SHOW_st_ctime:
624 		if (!gottime) {
625 			gottime = 1;
626 			secs = st->st_ctime;
627 			nsecs = st->st_ctim.tv_nsec;
628 		}
629 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
630 	case SHOW_st_btime:
631 		if (!gottime) {
632 			gottime = 1;
633 			secs = st->__st_birthtime;
634 			nsecs = st->__st_birthtim.tv_nsec;
635 		}
636 		small = (sizeof(secs) == 4);
637 		data = secs;
638 		tm = localtime(&secs);
639 		(void)strftime(path, sizeof(path), timefmt, tm);
640 		sdata = path;
641 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX |
642 		    FMTF_FLOAT | FMTF_STRING;
643 		if (ofmt == 0)
644 			ofmt = FMTF_DECIMAL;
645 		break;
646 	case SHOW_st_size:
647 		small = (sizeof(st->st_size) == 4);
648 		data = st->st_size;
649 		sdata = NULL;
650 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX;
651 		if (ofmt == 0)
652 			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
653 		break;
654 	case SHOW_st_blocks:
655 		small = (sizeof(st->st_blocks) == 4);
656 		data = st->st_blocks;
657 		sdata = NULL;
658 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX;
659 		if (ofmt == 0)
660 			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
661 		break;
662 	case SHOW_st_blksize:
663 		small = (sizeof(st->st_blksize) == 4);
664 		data = st->st_blksize;
665 		sdata = NULL;
666 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX;
667 		if (ofmt == 0)
668 			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
669 		break;
670 	case SHOW_st_flags:
671 		small = (sizeof(st->st_flags) == 4);
672 		data = st->st_flags;
673 		sdata = NULL;
674 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX;
675 		if (ofmt == 0)
676 			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
677 		break;
678 	case SHOW_st_gen:
679 		small = (sizeof(st->st_gen) == 4);
680 		data = st->st_gen;
681 		sdata = NULL;
682 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX;
683 		if (ofmt == 0)
684 			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
685 		break;
686 	case SHOW_symlink:
687 		small = 0;
688 		data = 0;
689 		if (S_ISLNK(st->st_mode)) {
690 			snprintf(path, sizeof(path), " -> ");
691 			l = readlink(file, path + 4, sizeof(path) - 4 - 1);
692 			if (l == -1) {
693 				l = 0;
694 				path[0] = '\0';
695 			}
696 			path[l + 4] = '\0';
697 			sdata = path + (ofmt == FMTF_STRING ? 0 : 4);
698 		} else
699 			sdata = "";
700 
701 		formats = FMTF_STRING;
702 		if (ofmt == 0)
703 			ofmt = FMTF_STRING;
704 		break;
705 	case SHOW_filetype:
706 		small = 0;
707 		data = 0;
708 		sdata = smode;
709 		smode[0] = '\0';
710 		if (hilo == 0 || hilo == LOW_PIECE) {
711 			switch (st->st_mode & S_IFMT) {
712 			case S_IFIFO:
713 				(void)strlcat(smode, "|", sizeof(smode));
714 				break;
715 			case S_IFDIR:
716 				(void)strlcat(smode, "/", sizeof(smode));
717 				break;
718 			case S_IFREG:
719 				if (st->st_mode & (S_IXUSR | S_IXGRP | S_IXOTH))
720 					(void)strlcat(smode, "*",
721 					    sizeof(smode));
722 				break;
723 			case S_IFLNK:
724 				(void)strlcat(smode, "@", sizeof(smode));
725 				break;
726 			case S_IFSOCK:
727 				(void)strlcat(smode, "=", sizeof(smode));
728 				break;
729 			}
730 			hilo = 0;
731 		} else if (hilo == HIGH_PIECE) {
732 			switch (st->st_mode & S_IFMT) {
733 			case S_IFIFO:	sdata = "Fifo File";		break;
734 			case S_IFCHR:	sdata = "Character Device";	break;
735 			case S_IFDIR:	sdata = "Directory";		break;
736 			case S_IFBLK:	sdata = "Block Device";		break;
737 			case S_IFREG:	sdata = "Regular File";		break;
738 			case S_IFLNK:	sdata = "Symbolic Link";	break;
739 			case S_IFSOCK:	sdata = "Socket";		break;
740 			default:	sdata = "???";			break;
741 			}
742 			hilo = 0;
743 		}
744 		formats = FMTF_STRING;
745 		if (ofmt == 0)
746 			ofmt = FMTF_STRING;
747 		break;
748 	case SHOW_filename:
749 		small = 0;
750 		data = 0;
751 		if (file == NULL)
752 			(void)strlcpy(path, "(stdin)", sizeof(path));
753 		else
754 			(void)strlcpy(path, file, sizeof(path));
755 		sdata = path;
756 		formats = FMTF_STRING;
757 		if (ofmt == 0)
758 			ofmt = FMTF_STRING;
759 		break;
760 	case SHOW_sizerdev:
761 		if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode)) {
762 			char majdev[20], mindev[20];
763 			int l1, l2;
764 
765 			l1 = format1(st, file, fmt, flen,
766 			    majdev, sizeof(majdev), flags, size, prec,
767 			    ofmt, HIGH_PIECE, SHOW_st_rdev);
768 			l2 = format1(st, file, fmt, flen,
769 			    mindev, sizeof(mindev), flags, size, prec,
770 			    ofmt, LOW_PIECE, SHOW_st_rdev);
771 			n = snprintf(buf, blen, "%.*s,%.*s",
772 			    l1, majdev, l2, mindev);
773 			return (n >= blen ? blen : n);
774 		} else {
775 			return (format1(st, file, fmt, flen, buf, blen,
776 			    flags, size, prec, ofmt, 0, SHOW_st_size));
777 		}
778 		/*NOTREACHED*/
779 	default:
780 		errx(1, "%.*s: bad format", (int)flen, fmt);
781 	}
782 
783 	/*
784 	 * If a subdatum was specified but not supported, or an output
785 	 * format was selected that is not supported, that's an error.
786 	 */
787 	if (hilo != 0 || (ofmt & formats) == 0)
788 		errx(1, "%.*s: bad format", (int)flen, fmt);
789 
790 	/*
791 	 * Assemble the format string for passing to printf(3).
792 	 */
793 	lfmt[0] = '\0';
794 	(void)strlcat(lfmt, "%", sizeof(lfmt));
795 	if (flags & FLAG_POUND)
796 		(void)strlcat(lfmt, "#", sizeof(lfmt));
797 	if (flags & FLAG_SPACE)
798 		(void)strlcat(lfmt, " ", sizeof(lfmt));
799 	if (flags & FLAG_PLUS)
800 		(void)strlcat(lfmt, "+", sizeof(lfmt));
801 	if (flags & FLAG_MINUS)
802 		(void)strlcat(lfmt, "-", sizeof(lfmt));
803 	if (flags & FLAG_ZERO)
804 		(void)strlcat(lfmt, "0", sizeof(lfmt));
805 
806 	/*
807 	 * Only the timespecs support the FLOAT output format, and that
808 	 * requires work that differs from the other formats.
809 	 */
810 	if (ofmt == FMTF_FLOAT) {
811 		/*
812 		 * Nothing after the decimal point, so just print seconds.
813 		 */
814 		if (prec == 0) {
815 			if (size != -1) {
816 				(void)snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%d", size);
817 				(void)strlcat(lfmt, tmp, sizeof(lfmt));
818 			}
819 			(void)strlcat(lfmt, "lld", sizeof(lfmt));
820 			n = snprintf(buf, blen, lfmt, (long long)secs);
821 			return (n >= blen ? blen : n);
822 		}
823 
824 		/*
825 		 * Unspecified precision gets all the precision we have:
826 		 * 9 digits.
827 		 */
828 		if (prec == -1)
829 			prec = 9;
830 
831 		/*
832 		 * Adjust the size for the decimal point and the digits
833 		 * that will follow.
834 		 */
835 		size -= prec + 1;
836 
837 		/*
838 		 * Any leftover size that's legitimate will be used.
839 		 */
840 		if (size > 0) {
841 			(void)snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%d", size);
842 			(void)strlcat(lfmt, tmp, sizeof(lfmt));
843 		}
844 		(void)strlcat(lfmt, "lld", sizeof(lfmt));
845 
846 		/*
847 		 * The stuff after the decimal point always needs zero
848 		 * filling.
849 		 */
850 		(void)strlcat(lfmt, ".%0", sizeof(lfmt));
851 
852 		/*
853 		 * We can "print" at most nine digits of precision.  The
854 		 * rest we will pad on at the end.
855 		 */
856 		(void)snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%dld", prec > 9 ? 9 : prec);
857 		(void)strlcat(lfmt, tmp, sizeof(lfmt));
858 
859 		/*
860 		 * For precision of less that nine digits, trim off the
861 		 * less significant figures.
862 		 */
863 		for (; prec < 9; prec++)
864 			nsecs /= 10;
865 
866 		/*
867 		 * Use the format, and then tack on any zeroes that
868 		 * might be required to make up the requested precision.
869 		 */
870 		l = snprintf(buf, blen, lfmt, (long long)secs, nsecs);
871 		if (l >= blen)
872 			return (l);
873 		for (; prec > 9 && l < blen; prec--, l++)
874 			(void)strlcat(buf, "0", blen);
875 		return (l);
876 	}
877 
878 	/*
879 	 * Add on size and precision, if specified, to the format.
880 	 */
881 	if (size != -1) {
882 		(void)snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%d", size);
883 		(void)strlcat(lfmt, tmp, sizeof(lfmt));
884 	}
885 	if (prec != -1) {
886 		(void)snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), ".%d", prec);
887 		(void)strlcat(lfmt, tmp, sizeof(lfmt));
888 	}
889 
890 	/*
891 	 * String output uses the temporary sdata.
892 	 */
893 	if (ofmt == FMTF_STRING) {
894 		if (sdata == NULL)
895 			errx(1, "%.*s: bad format", (int)flen, fmt);
896 		(void)strlcat(lfmt, "s", sizeof(lfmt));
897 		n = snprintf(buf, blen, lfmt, sdata);
898 		return (n >= blen ? blen : n);
899 	}
900 
901 	/*
902 	 * Ensure that sign extension does not cause bad looking output
903 	 * for some forms.
904 	 */
905 	if (small && ofmt != FMTF_DECIMAL)
906 		data = (u_int32_t)data;
907 
908 	/*
909 	 * The four "numeric" output forms.
910 	 */
911 	(void)strlcat(lfmt, "ll", sizeof(lfmt));
912 	switch (ofmt) {
913 	case FMTF_DECIMAL:	(void)strlcat(lfmt, "d", sizeof(lfmt));	break;
914 	case FMTF_OCTAL:	(void)strlcat(lfmt, "o", sizeof(lfmt));	break;
915 	case FMTF_UNSIGNED:	(void)strlcat(lfmt, "u", sizeof(lfmt));	break;
916 	case FMTF_HEX:		(void)strlcat(lfmt, "x", sizeof(lfmt));	break;
917 	}
918 
919 	n = snprintf(buf, blen, lfmt, data);
920 	return (n >= blen ? blen : n);
921 }
922