1# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE 2# Copyright (C) YEAR Stellarium's team 3# This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package. 4# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR. 5# 6# Translators: 7# Alexander V. Wolf <alex.v.wolf@gmail.com>, 2021 8# Manuel Rosales <manuel.rosales.gr@gmail.com>, 2021 9# 10#, fuzzy 11msgid "" 12msgstr "" 13"Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n" 14"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: stellarium@googlegroups.com\n" 15"POT-Creation-Date: 2021-12-16 17:32+0700\n" 16"PO-Revision-Date: 2020-01-06 16:35+0000\n" 17"Last-Translator: Manuel Rosales <manuel.rosales.gr@gmail.com>, 2021\n" 18"Language-Team: Galician (https://www.transifex.com/stellarium/teams/80998/gl/)\n" 19"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" 20"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" 21"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" 22"Language: gl\n" 23"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n" 24 25#. type: Content of: <h1> 26#: ../../skycultures/al-sufi/description.en.utf8:1 27msgid "Al-Sufi (\"Book of Fixed Stars\")" 28msgstr "Al-Sufi (\"Libro da Estrelas Fixas\")" 29 30#. type: Content of: <p> 31#: ../../skycultures/al-sufi/description.en.utf8:2 32msgid "" 33"The Book of Fixed Stars was written shortly before 964 AD. Dr. Paul " 34"Kunitzsch described it as \"the most outstanding among the works of the " 35"prominent astronomer Abu 'l-Ḥusayn 'Abd al-Raḥmān ibn 'Umar al-Şūfi (born in" 36" Rayy, 903; died 986), referred to as al-Sufi. In it, al-Şūfī treats the 48 " 37"classical constellations, which were established and transmitted in " 38"Ptolemy's Almagest. The description of each constellation comprises the " 39"following four sections: first, a general discussion of the constellation " 40"and its individual stars; this section also includes alŞūfi's criticism of " 41"the Ptolemaic tradition and notices of his own observations. Second, a " 42"record of the indigenous Arabic star names falling under that constellation," 43" and the exact identification of the respective stars with the corresponding" 44" Ptolemaic stars. Third, two drawings of the constellation, one as it is " 45"seen on a celestial globe, and the other one as it is seen in the sky. " 46"Fourth, a table of the stars making up that constellation, giving a verbal " 47"description of each star's location and its longitude, latitude, and " 48"magnitude. This table closely follows the arrangement of Ptolemy's star " 49"catalogue in the Almagest.\" <sup><a href=\"#footnote-1\">[1]</a></sup>. In " 50"addition to the four sections of each constellation mentioned by dr. " 51"Kunitzsch, Al-Sufi would identify stars within the 6 magnitudes that were " 52"neglected by Ptolemy, but he did not catalogue them and was faithful to " 53"Ptolemy star catalog." 54msgstr "" 55"O Libro das estrelas fixas foi escrito pouco antes do 964 d.C. O doutor Paul" 56" Kunitzsch describiuno como \"o máis destacado entre os traballos do ilustre" 57" astrónomo Abu 'l-Ḥusayn' Abd al-Raḥmān ibn 'Umar al-Şūfi (nado en Rayy, " 58"903; morto en 986), coñecido como al-Sufi. Nel, al-Şūfī trata as 48 " 59"constelacións clásicas, que foron establecidas e transmitidas no Almagest de" 60" Ptolomeo. A descrición de cada constelación comprende as seguintes catro " 61"seccións: primeiro, unha discusión xeral sobre a constelación e as súas " 62"estrelas individuais; esta sección tamén inclúe a crítica de alŞūfi á " 63"tradición ptolemaica e notas das súas propias observacións. En segundo " 64"lugar, un rexistro dos nomes de estrelas árabes que están nesa constelación " 65"e a identificación exacta das estrelas respectivas coas correspondentes " 66"estrelas ptolemaicas. En terceiro lugar, dous debuxos da constelación, un " 67"como se ve nun globo celeste e a outra como se ve no ceo. En cuarto lugar, " 68"unha táboa das estrelas que compoñen esa constelación, dando unha descrición" 69" verbal da situación de cada estrela e a súa lonxitude, latitude e " 70"magnitude. Esta táboa segue de preto a disposición do catálogo de estrelas " 71"de Ptolomeo no Almagest.\" <sup><a href=\"#footnote-1\">[1]</a></sup>. " 72"Ademais das catro seccións de cada constelación mencionadas polo doutor " 73"Kunitzsch, Al-Sufi identificaría estrelas dentro das 6 magnitudes que foron " 74"desatendidas por Ptolomeo, pero non as catalogou e foi fiel ao catálogo de " 75"estrelas de Ptolomeo. " 76 77#. type: Content of: <p> 78#: ../../skycultures/al-sufi/description.en.utf8:3 79msgid "" 80"An important aspect of the general discussion section is Al-Sufi method of " 81"facilitating the star identification. He describes each individual star in " 82"more than way: By the star position related to the constellation figure, by " 83"its magnitude, by the asterism it forms with other stars like triangle or " 84"arc shapes, sometimes by the star position related to the Milky way, and by " 85"the angular distance from a close by star. I have counted more than 700 " 86"angular distances measured by al-Sufi in his book. The units he uses for " 87"angular distances are cubits, spear length, man-height, span, and finger. " 88"Al-Sufi explicitly said in his book that a cubit is equal to two degrees and" 89" 20 minutes <sup><a href=\"#footnote-2\">[2]</a></sup>. For the other units," 90" Schjellerup concluded some values, but tracking the 700 measurements, I " 91"came up with different values. The following table summarizes the units and " 92"relationship to the cubit value from Schjellerup<sup><a " 93"href=\"#footnote-3\">[3]</a></sup> and from my research." 94msgstr "" 95"Un aspecto importante da sección de discusión xeral é o método de Al-Sufi " 96"para facilitar a identificación das estrelas. Describe cada estrela " 97"individual de varias maneiras: pola posición da estrela en relación coa " 98"figura da constelación, pola súa magnitude, polo asterismo que forma con " 99"outras estrelas como triángulos ou arcos, ás veces pola posición da estrela " 100"relacionada coa Vía Láctea e pola distancia angular dunha estrela próxima. " 101"Contei máis de 700 distancias angulares medidas por al-Sufi no seu libro. As" 102" unidades que usa para distancias angulares son cóbados, lonxitude da lanza," 103" altura do home, envergadura e dedo. Al-Sufi di explicitamente no seu libro " 104"que un cóbado é igual a dous graos e 20 minutos <sup><a " 105"href=\"#footnote-2\">[2]</a></sup>. Para as outras unidades, Schjellerup " 106"concluíu algúns valores, pero seguindo as 700 medidas, atopei diferentes " 107"valores. A seguinte táboa resume as unidades e a relación co valor de " 108"cóbados de Schjellerup<sup><a href=\"#footnote-3\">[3]</a></sup> e da miña " 109"investigación." 110 111#. type: Content of: <h2> 112#: ../../skycultures/al-sufi/description.en.utf8:5 113msgid "Angular distance units used by Al-Sufi" 114msgstr "Unidades de distancia angular usadas por Al-Sufi" 115 116#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 117#: ../../skycultures/al-sufi/description.en.utf8:10 118msgid "<b>Schjellerup</b>" 119msgstr "<b>Schjellerup</b>" 120 121#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 122#: ../../skycultures/al-sufi/description.en.utf8:11 123msgid "<b>Khalid</b>" 124msgstr "<b>Khalid</b>" 125 126#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 127#: ../../skycultures/al-sufi/description.en.utf8:14 128msgid "<b>unit</b>" 129msgstr "<b>unidade</b>" 130 131#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 132#: ../../skycultures/al-sufi/description.en.utf8:15 133#: ../../skycultures/al-sufi/description.en.utf8:17 134msgid "<b>cubits</b>" 135msgstr "<b>cóbados</b>" 136 137#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 138#: ../../skycultures/al-sufi/description.en.utf8:16 139#: ../../skycultures/al-sufi/description.en.utf8:18 140msgid "<b>Angular Value</b>" 141msgstr "<b>Valor Angular</b>" 142 143#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 144#: ../../skycultures/al-sufi/description.en.utf8:21 145msgid "spear" 146msgstr "lanza" 147 148#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 149#: ../../skycultures/al-sufi/description.en.utf8:22 150#: ../../skycultures/al-sufi/description.en.utf8:24 151msgid "6 cubits" 152msgstr "6 cóbados" 153 154#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 155#: ../../skycultures/al-sufi/description.en.utf8:28 156msgid "Man-Height" 157msgstr "Altura dun home" 158 159#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 160#: ../../skycultures/al-sufi/description.en.utf8:31 161msgid "3 cubits" 162msgstr "3 cóbados" 163 164#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 165#: ../../skycultures/al-sufi/description.en.utf8:35 166msgid "cubit" 167msgstr "cóbado" 168 169#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 170#: ../../skycultures/al-sufi/description.en.utf8:36 171#: ../../skycultures/al-sufi/description.en.utf8:38 172msgid "1 cubit" 173msgstr "1 cóbado" 174 175#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 176#: ../../skycultures/al-sufi/description.en.utf8:42 177msgid "span" 178msgstr "medida" 179 180#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 181#: ../../skycultures/al-sufi/description.en.utf8:43 182msgid "1/3 of a cubit" 183msgstr "1/3 de cóbado" 184 185#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 186#: ../../skycultures/al-sufi/description.en.utf8:45 187msgid "1/2 of a cubit" 188msgstr "1/2 de cóbado" 189 190#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 191#: ../../skycultures/al-sufi/description.en.utf8:49 192msgid "finger" 193msgstr "dedo" 194 195#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 196#: ../../skycultures/al-sufi/description.en.utf8:50 197msgid "1/32 of a cubit" 198msgstr "1/32 de cóbado" 199 200#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 201#: ../../skycultures/al-sufi/description.en.utf8:52 202msgid "1/16 of a cubit" 203msgstr "1/16 de cóbado" 204 205#. type: Content of: <p> 206#: ../../skycultures/al-sufi/description.en.utf8:57 207msgid "" 208"Another important aspect of Al-Sufi book is his record of the indigenous " 209"Arabic star names falling under each constellation, and the exact " 210"identification of the respective stars with the corresponding Ptolemaic " 211"stars. This means that we are looking at two layers of stars knowledge at " 212"the same time: the Ptolemaic one and the indigenous Arab one." 213msgstr "" 214"Outro aspecto importante do libro de Al-Sufi é o seu rexistro dos nomes de " 215"estrelas árabes indíxenas que están en cada constelación e a identificación " 216"exacta das estrelas respectivas coas correspondentes estrelas ptolemaicas. " 217"Isto significa que estamos a ver dúas tradicións de coñecemento de estrelas " 218"asemade: a ptolemaica e a árabe indíxena." 219 220#. type: Content of: <h2> 221#: ../../skycultures/al-sufi/description.en.utf8:59 222msgid "The Sky Culture" 223msgstr " A Cultura do Ceo" 224 225#. type: Content of: <p> 226#: ../../skycultures/al-sufi/description.en.utf8:60 227msgid "" 228"This sky culture is a result of a research done on several manuscripts of " 229"the book, oldest of which is the <a " 230"href=\"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/viewer/c1caa84c-f6d2-483f-9eb4-2439cccdc801#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=25&r=0&xywh=-4815%2C-378%2C14782%2C7535\"" 231" class='external text' rel=\"nofollow\">Oxford, Bodleian Library Ms. Marsh " 232"144 dated 1009 AD</a>." 233msgstr "" 234"Esta cultura do ceo é o resultado da investigación en moitos manuscritos do " 235"libro, sendo o máis antigo o <a " 236"href=\"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/viewer/c1caa84c-f6d2-483f-9eb4-2439cccdc801#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=25&r=0&xywh=-4815%2C-378%2C14782%2C7535\"" 237" class='external text' rel=\"nofollow\">Oxford, Bodleian Library Ms. Marsh " 238"144 datado en 1009 AD</a>." 239 240#. type: Content of: <p> 241#: ../../skycultures/al-sufi/description.en.utf8:61 242msgid "" 243"First, the manuscripts of the Book of Fixed Stars were critically edited, " 244"and the text was produced. Second, each member star of the 48 constellations" 245" was identified according to Al-Sufi description, and new tables were built " 246"including modern star designations from the Hipparcos, Bright stars, and " 247"Bayer catalogues. Third, Arab indigenous star names were collected and " 248"identified as mapped by Al-Sufi to the Ptolemaic ones. All the previous " 249"steps were included in a book published digitally of the Book of Fixed Stars" 250" plus explanations and commentary by Khalid Al-Ajaji<sup><a " 251"href=\"#footnote-4\">[4]</a></sup>." 252msgstr "" 253"En primeiro lugar, editáronse criticamente os manuscritos do Libro das " 254"estrelas fixas e produciuse o texto. En segundo lugar, cada estrela " 255"pertencente ás 48 constelacións identificouse segundo a descrición de Al-" 256"Sufi e construíronse novas táboas que inclúen as designacións modernas de " 257"estrelas dos catálogos Hipparcos, Bright stars e Bayer. En terceiro lugar, " 258"os nomes de estrelas indíxenas árabes foron recollidos e identificados como " 259"equiparados por Al-Sufi ós ptolemaicos. Todos os pasos anteriores " 260"incluíronse nun libro publicado dixitalmente no Libro das estrelas fixas " 261"máis explicacións e comentarios de Khalid Al-Ajaji<sup><a " 262"href=\"#footnote-4\">[4]</a></sup>." 263 264#. type: Content of: <p> 265#: ../../skycultures/al-sufi/description.en.utf8:62 266msgid "" 267"The sky culture stick figures of the constellations are the images in the " 268"Ulugh Beg manuscript of the Book of Fixed Stars, extracted, and adapted for " 269"Stellarium by Mr. Kutaibaa Akraa <sup><a href=\"#footnote-5\">[5]</a></sup>." 270" The star names file includes the star number in the constellation as the " 271"primary star name and the description of the star in the tables as a " 272"secondary name. For example, Polaris primary name that is displayed with the" 273" star is: UMi1, UMi being Ursa Minor and 1 is the first star of this " 274"constellation. If the star is selected other secondary names are displayed, " 275"which will display \"The star on the end of the tail\" on the top of the " 276"screen. The constellation lines are constructed according to the " 277"constellation shapes with an attempt to include most of the member stars. " 278"For indigenous Arab star knowledge, individual star names were added to the " 279"star file as secondary names, while names of group of stars were defined " 280"through asterism names and asterism lines files." 281msgstr "" 282"As figuras das constelacións da cultura do ceo son as imaxes do manuscrito " 283"Ulugh Beg do Libro das estrelas fixas, extraídas e adaptadas para Stellarium" 284" polo señor Kutaibaa Akraa <sup><a href=\"#footnote-5\">[5]</a></sup>. O " 285"ficheiro de nomes de estrelas inclúe o número de estrela na constelación " 286"como nome de estrela principal e a descrición da estrela nas táboas como " 287"nome secundario. Por exemplo, o nome principal de Polaris que se amosa coa " 288"estrela é: UMi1, sendo UMi Ursa Minor e 1 é a primeira estrela desta " 289"constelación. Se se selecciona a estrela, amosaranse outros nomes " 290"secundarios, que amosarán \"A estrela no extremo da cola\" na parte superior" 291" da pantalla. As liñas de constelación constrúense segundo as formas da " 292"constelación co intento de incluír a maioría das estrelas que forman parte " 293"dela. Para o coñecemento das estrelas árabes indíxenas, os nomes de estrelas" 294" individuais engadíronse ó ficheiro de estrelas como nomes secundarios, " 295"mentres que os nomes de grupos de estrelas definíronse mediante ficheiros de" 296" nomes de asterismo e liñas de asterismo." 297 298#. type: Content of: <p> 299#: ../../skycultures/al-sufi/description.en.utf8:63 300msgid "" 301"The translation of star descriptions from Arabic into English was extracted " 302"from Ernie Wright website<sup><a href=\"#footnote-6\">[6]</a></sup> which " 303"was transcribed from Toomer's translation of the Almagest<sup><a " 304"href=\"#footnote-7\">[7]</a></sup>. The translation was modified in a few " 305"places to agree with Al-Sufi wording." 306msgstr "" 307"A tradución das descricións de estrelas dende o árabe ó Inglés foi tirada do" 308" sitio web de Ernie Wright <sup><a href=\"#footnote-6\">[6]</a></sup> que as" 309" transcribiu a partir da tradución de Toomer do Almagest<sup><a " 310"href=\"#footnote-7\">[7]</a></sup>. A tradución modificouse nalgúns lugares " 311"para concordar coa redacción de Al-Sufi." 312 313#. type: Content of: <p> 314#: ../../skycultures/al-sufi/description.en.utf8:64 315msgid "" 316"The single source of the sky culture is the Book of Fixed Stars and the " 317"objective is to give a faithful representation of the book content." 318msgstr "" 319"A única fonte da cultura do ceo é o Libro das estrelas fixas e o obxectivo é" 320" dar unha representación fiel do contido do libro." 321 322#. type: Content of: <h2> 323#: ../../skycultures/al-sufi/description.en.utf8:66 324#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:522 325#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:464 326#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:496 327#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:299 328#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:288 329msgid "Fair Use" 330msgstr "Uso correcto" 331 332#. type: Content of: <p> 333#: ../../skycultures/al-sufi/description.en.utf8:67 334msgid "" 335"This sky culture is provided for free under CC BY-ND 4.0 International " 336"Public License (share-alike, do not change it without consulting the " 337"contributors, and cite the contributors). The author wishes that this work " 338"be cited according to the common rules." 339msgstr "" 340"Esta cultura do ceo ofrécese de balde baixo a licenza pública internacional " 341"CC BY-ND 4.0 (compartida por igual, non a cambie sen consultar os " 342"colaboradores e cite os colaboradores). O autor desexa que se cite esta obra" 343" segundo as regras comúns." 344 345#. type: Content of: <p><h3> 346#: ../../skycultures/al-sufi/description.en.utf8:69 347#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:45 348#: ../../skycultures/arabic/description.en.utf8:32 349#: ../../skycultures/aztec/description.en.utf8:61 350#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:475 351#: ../../skycultures/chinese_contemporary/description.en.utf8:23 352#: ../../skycultures/chinese_medieval/description.en.utf8:48 353#: ../../skycultures/egyptian/description.en.utf8:17 354#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:302 355#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:291 356#: ../../skycultures/korean/description.en.utf8:12 357#: ../../skycultures/maori/description.en.utf8:10 358#: ../../skycultures/navajo/description.en.utf8:17 359#: ../../skycultures/norse/description.en.utf8:9 360#: ../../skycultures/sami/description.en.utf8:63 361#: ../../skycultures/sardinian/description.en.utf8:11 362#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:85 363#: ../../skycultures/tupi/description.en.utf8:23 364msgid "Author" 365msgstr "Autor" 366 367#. type: Content of: <p> 368#: ../../skycultures/al-sufi/description.en.utf8:70 369msgid "" 370"This sky culture was compiled and added to Stellarium by Khalid Al-Ajaji: " 371"turath.alfalak@gmail.com" 372msgstr "" 373"A cultura do ceo do Libro das estrelas fixas foi compilada e engadida a " 374"Stellarium por Khalid Al-Ajaji: turath.alfalak@gmail.com" 375 376#. type: Content of: <h3> 377#: ../../skycultures/al-sufi/description.en.utf8:72 378#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:151 379#: ../../skycultures/arabic_lunar_stations/description.en.utf8:77 380#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2960 381#: ../../skycultures/sami/description.en.utf8:57 382msgid "Notes" 383msgstr "Notas" 384 385#. type: Content of: <p> 386#: ../../skycultures/al-sufi/description.en.utf8:73 387msgid "" 388"[1] The Arabs and the Stars, Paul Kunitzsch,The Astronomer Abu'L-Husayn Al-" 389"Sufi And His Book On The Constellations, XI, pg 57. Northampton [England]: " 390"Variorum Reprints, 1989." 391msgstr "" 392"[1] The Arabs and the Stars, Paul Kunitzsch,The Astronomer Abu'L-Husayn Al-" 393"Sufi And His Book On The Constellations, XI, pg 57. Northampton [England]: " 394"Variorum Reprints, 1989." 395 396#. type: Content of: <p> 397#: ../../skycultures/al-sufi/description.en.utf8:74 398msgid "[2] See Al-Sufi description in his book of the 14th star in Auriga." 399msgstr "[2] Ver descrición de Al-Sufi no seu libro da estrela 14ª en Auriga." 400 401#. type: Content of: <p> 402#: ../../skycultures/al-sufi/description.en.utf8:75 403msgid "" 404"[3] DESCRIPTIONS DES ETOILES FIXES, traduction littérale avec des notes par " 405"H C F C Schjellerup, St Petersbourg, 1874, pg 26-27." 406msgstr "" 407"[3] DESCRIPTIONS DES ETOILES FIXES, traduction littérale avec des notes par " 408"H C F C Schjellerup, St Petersbourg, 1874, pg 26-27." 409 410#. type: Content of: <p> 411#: ../../skycultures/al-sufi/description.en.utf8:76 412msgid "" 413"[4] <a " 414"href=\"https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1s6JXzftwjMQ5rgZoGE3718EtBLBZtjzr?usp=sharing\"" 415" class='external text' rel=\"nofollow\">Book of Fixed Stars: Critical " 416"edition with commentary by Khalid AlAjaji</a>." 417msgstr "" 418"[4] <a " 419"href=\"https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1s6JXzftwjMQ5rgZoGE3718EtBLBZtjzr?usp=sharing\"" 420" class='external text' rel=\"nofollow\">Book of Fixed Stars: Critical " 421"edition with commentary by Khalid AlAjaji</a>." 422 423#. type: Content of: <p> 424#: ../../skycultures/al-sufi/description.en.utf8:77 425msgid "" 426"[5] <a href=\"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b60006156.r=.langEN\" " 427"class='external text' rel=\"nofollow\">Oulough Beg copy of ʿAbd al-Raḥmān " 428"ibn ʿUmar al-Ṣūfī. Kitāb ṣuwar al-kawākib al-ṯābita, Paris, Bibliothèque " 429"nationale de France Ms. Arabe 5036</a>." 430msgstr "" 431"[5] <a href=\"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b60006156.r=.langEN\" " 432"class='external text' rel=\"nofollow\">Oulough Beg copy of ʿAbd al-Raḥmān " 433"ibn ʿUmar al-Ṣūfī. Kitāb ṣuwar al-kawākib al-ṯābita, Paris, Bibliothèque " 434"nationale de France Ms. Arabe 5036</a>." 435 436#. type: Content of: <p> 437#: ../../skycultures/al-sufi/description.en.utf8:78 438msgid "" 439"[6] <a href=\"http://www.etwright.org/astro/almagest.html#cat\" " 440"class='external text' rel=\"nofollow\">Seeing Ancient Stars, Visualization " 441"of the Almagest Catalog</a>." 442msgstr "" 443"[6] <a href=\"http://www.etwright.org/astro/almagest.html#cat\" " 444"class='external text' rel=\"nofollow\">Seeing Ancient Stars, Visualization " 445"of the Almagest Catalog</a>." 446 447#. type: Content of: <p> 448#: ../../skycultures/al-sufi/description.en.utf8:79 449msgid "" 450"[7] Ptolemy’s ALMAGEST, G. J. Toomer, Princeton University Press, 2nd ed., " 451"1998." 452msgstr "" 453"[7] Ptolemy’s ALMAGEST, G. J. Toomer, Princeton University Press, 2nd ed., " 454"1998." 455 456#. type: Content of: <h2> 457#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:1 458msgid "Anutan" 459msgstr "Anutano" 460 461#. type: Content of: <p> 462#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:2 463msgid "" 464"Anuta is a tiny volcanic island which, though located within the Solomon " 465"Islands of Melanesia, is populated by Polynesians. Stars provide the " 466"Anutans' most important tool for long range navigation. Major guiding stars " 467"and constellations are known as 'kaavenga'. Star paths that are followed " 468"from one island to the next (even if they have not risen, or already set) " 469"are called 'kau panogna porau'. Unnamed stars which are not used as major " 470"navigational aids are called 'petuu vare' (foolish, common, or " 471"undistinguished)." 472msgstr "" 473"Anuta é unha pequena illa volcánica que, aínda que se atopa dentro das Illas" 474" Salomón de Melanesia, está poboada por polinesios. As estrelas son a " 475"ferramenta máis importante para os navegantes de longo alcance. As " 476"principais estrelas e constelacións guía son coñecidas como 'kaavenga'. Os " 477"camiños das estrelas que se seguen dunha illa á outra (aínda que non saísen " 478"ou xa estean fóra) chámanse \"kau panogna porau\". As estrelas sen nome que " 479"non se usan como auxiliares de navegación chámanse \"petuu vare\" (parvo, " 480"común ou sen distinguir)." 481 482#. type: Content of: <h3> 483#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:9 484#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:43 485msgid "Nomenclature" 486msgstr "Nomenclatura" 487 488#. type: Content of: <table><tr><th> 489#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:11 490msgid "Anutan name" 491msgstr "Nome anutano" 492 493#. type: Content of: <table><tr><th> 494#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:11 495msgid "English translation" 496msgstr "Tradución ó inglés" 497 498#. type: Content of: <table><tr><th> 499#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:11 500msgid "Western skylore" 501msgstr "Cultura do ceo do oeste" 502 503#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 504#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:12 505msgid "Te Tino A Manu" 506msgstr "Te Tino A Manu" 507 508#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 509#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:12 510msgid "The Bird's Body" 511msgstr "O Corpo do Paxaro" 512 513#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 514#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:12 515#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:191 516#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:36 517#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:61 518msgid "Sirius" 519msgstr "Sirio" 520 521#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 522#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:13 523msgid "Te Kapakau Tonga" 524msgstr "Te Kapakau Tonga" 525 526#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 527#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:13 528msgid "The East Wing" 529msgstr "A Á do Leste" 530 531#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 532#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:13 533#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:428 534#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:372 535#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:186 536#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:60 537msgid "Canopus" 538msgstr "Canopus" 539 540#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 541#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:14 542msgid "Te Kapakau Pakatokerau" 543msgstr "Te Kapakau Pakatokerau" 544 545#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 546#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:14 547msgid "The North Wing" 548msgstr "A Á do Norte" 549 550#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 551#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:14 552msgid "Procyon" 553msgstr "Proción" 554 555#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 556#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:15 557msgid "Te Kaokao O Manu" 558msgstr "Te Kaokao O Manu" 559 560#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 561#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:15 562msgid "The Bird's Armpit" 563msgstr "A Axila do Paxaro" 564 565#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 566#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:15 567msgid "Group of four small starts just east of Manu's Body" 568msgstr "Grupo de catro pequenas estrelas ó leste do Corpo de Manu" 569 570#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 571#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:16 572msgid "Te Kope" 573msgstr "Te Kope" 574 575#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 576#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:16 577msgid "The Bamboo" 578msgstr "O Bambú" 579 580#. type: Content of: <table><tr> 581#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:16 582msgid "Grus" 583msgstr "Grus" 584 585#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 586#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:17 587msgid "Ara Toru" 588msgstr "Ara Toru" 589 590#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 591#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:17 592msgid "Path of Three" 593msgstr "Camiño dos Tres" 594 595#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 596#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:17 597#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:66 598msgid "Orion's belt" 599msgstr "Cinturón de Orión" 600 601#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 602#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:18 603msgid "Te Angaanga" 604msgstr "Te Angaanga" 605 606#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 607#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:18 608msgid "The Tongs" 609msgstr "As Pinzas" 610 611#. type: Content of: <table><tr> 612#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:18 613msgid "Taurus's forehead" 614msgstr "Fronte de Tauro" 615 616#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 617#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:19 618msgid "Matariki" 619msgstr "Matariki" 620 621#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 622#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:19 623msgid "Small Face, or Small Eyes" 624msgstr "Cara Pequena ou Ollos Pequenos" 625 626#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 627#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:19 628#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:306 629#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:251 630#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:96 631#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:129 632#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:41 633#: ../../skycultures/russian_siberian/description.en.utf8:13 634#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:66 635msgid "Pleiades" 636msgstr "Pleiades" 637 638#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 639#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:20 640msgid "Kaavei" 641msgstr "Kaavei" 642 643#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 644#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:20 645msgid "Octopus Tentacle" 646msgstr "Tentáculo de Polbo" 647 648#. type: Content of: <table><tr> 649#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:20 650msgid "Aries" 651msgstr "Aries" 652 653#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 654#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:21 655msgid "Taki Roto" 656msgstr "Taki Roto" 657 658#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 659#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:21 660msgid "Middle Precursor" 661msgstr "Precursor Medio" 662 663#. type: Content of: <table><tr> 664#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:21 665msgid "Corner of Great Square (one large star)" 666msgstr "Recanto do Gran Cadrado (unha estrela grande)" 667 668#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 669#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:22 670msgid "Taki Mua" 671msgstr "Taki Mua" 672 673#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 674#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:22 675msgid "Forward Precursor" 676msgstr "Precursor Dianteiro" 677 678#. type: Content of: <table><tr> 679#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:22 680msgid "Pegasus's front legs and Shoulder" 681msgstr "Patas dianteiras e ombreiro de Pegaso" 682 683#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 684#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:23 685msgid "Toki" 686msgstr "Toki" 687 688#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 689#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:23 690msgid "Adze" 691msgstr "Adze" 692 693#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 694#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:23 695#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:131 696msgid "Delphinus" 697msgstr "Delphinus" 698 699#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 700#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:24 701msgid "Te Aamonga" 702msgstr "Te Aamonga" 703 704#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 705#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:24 706msgid "The Carrying Stick" 707msgstr "A Vara de Carga" 708 709#. type: Content of: <table><tr> 710#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:24 711msgid "Three stars in Aquila in a straight line" 712msgstr "Tres estrelas en Aquila en liña recta" 713 714#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 715#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:25 716msgid "Te Paka Poi Ika Tapu" 717msgstr "Te Paka Poi Ika Tapu" 718 719#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 720#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:25 721msgid "Sammara Squirrelfish" 722msgstr "Peixe Esquío de Sammara" 723 724#. type: Content of: <table><tr> 725#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:25 726msgid "Four large stars in Sagittarius" 727msgstr "Catro estrelas grandes en Sagittarius" 728 729#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 730#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:26 731msgid "Te Rua Tangata" 732msgstr "Te Rua Tangata" 733 734#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 735#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:26 736msgid "Double Man" 737msgstr "Dobre Home" 738 739#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 740#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:26 741#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:21 742msgid "Alpha and Beta Centauri" 743msgstr "Alpha e Beta Centauri" 744 745#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 746#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:27 747#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:29 748msgid "Te Rakau Tapu" 749msgstr "Te Rakau Tapu" 750 751#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 752#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:27 753#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:29 754msgid "The Net, or The Sacred Timber" 755msgstr "A Rede, ou A Madeira Sagrada" 756 757#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 758#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:27 759#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:29 760#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:68 761msgid "Southern Cross" 762msgstr "Cruz do Sur" 763 764#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 765#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:28 766msgid "Taro" 767msgstr "Taro" 768 769#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 770#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:28 771msgid "Taro plant" 772msgstr "Planta de Taro" 773 774#. type: Content of: <table><tr> 775#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:28 776msgid "" 777"Scorpius, Antares is Te Kau (the stem). Five star around Antares is Ona Rau " 778"(its leaves)" 779msgstr "" 780"Scorpio, Antares é Te Kau (the talo). As cinco estrelas en torno a Antares " 781"son Ona Rau (as súas follas)" 782 783#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 784#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:30 785msgid "Te Tukaniva" 786msgstr "Te Tukaniva" 787 788#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 789#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:30 790#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:41 791#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:82 792msgid "—" 793msgstr "—" 794 795#. type: Content of: <table><tr> 796#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:30 797msgid "Milky way" 798msgstr "Vía Láctea" 799 800#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 801#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:31 802msgid "Te Aro Rere" 803msgstr "Te Aro Rere" 804 805#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 806#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:31 807msgid "The Running Cloud" 808msgstr "A Nube que Corre" 809 810#. type: Content of: <table><tr> 811#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:31 812msgid "Large Magellanic Cloud" 813msgstr "Gran Nube de Magallanes" 814 815#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 816#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:32 817msgid "Te Ao Toka" 818msgstr "Te Ao Toka" 819 820#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 821#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:32 822msgid "The Restrained Cloud (?)" 823msgstr "A Nube Restrinxida (?)" 824 825#. type: Content of: <table><tr> 826#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:32 827msgid "Small Magellanic Cloud" 828msgstr "Pequena Nube de Magallanes" 829 830#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 831#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:33 832msgid "Te Petuu Ao" 833msgstr "Te Petuu Ao" 834 835#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 836#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:33 837msgid "The Morning Star" 838msgstr "A Estrela da Mañá" 839 840#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 841#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:33 842#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:80 843#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:81 844#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:82 845#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:83 846#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:377 847#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:36 848#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:26 849#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:58 850msgid "Venus" 851msgstr "Venus" 852 853#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 854#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:34 855msgid "Tiuriuri" 856msgstr "Tiuriuri" 857 858#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 859#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:34 860msgid "The Morning Star(?)" 861msgstr "A Estrela da Mañá(?)" 862 863#. type: Content of: <table><tr> 864#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:34 865msgid "Venus(?)" 866msgstr "Venus(?)" 867 868#. type: Content of: <h3> 869#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:37 870#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:486 871#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:293 872#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:275 873#: ../../skycultures/indian/description.en.utf8:35 874#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:381 875#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:30 876msgid "References" 877msgstr "Referencias" 878 879#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 880#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:39 881msgid "" 882"Feinberg, Richard. (1998). \"Polynesian seafaring and navigation: ocean " 883"travel in Anutan culture and society\" The Kent State University Press, " 884"Kent, Ohio: ISBN 0-87338-352-4." 885msgstr "" 886"Feinberg, Richard. (1998). \"Polynesian seafaring and navigation: ocean " 887"travel in Anutan culture and society\" The Kent State University Press, " 888"Kent, Ohio: ISBN 0-87338-352-4." 889 890#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 891#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:41 892msgid "" 893"Rensch, K.H. (1994). \"Fish Names of Western Polynesia: Futuna, Niue, Samoa," 894" Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, Uvea, Outliers\" Archipelago Press, the University " 895"of California : ISBN 9780959378771." 896msgstr "" 897"Rensch, K.H. (1994). \"Fish Names of Western Polynesia: Futuna, Niue, Samoa," 898" Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, Uvea, Outliers\" Archipelago Press, the University " 899"of California : ISBN 9780959378771." 900 901#. type: Content of: <p> 902#: ../../skycultures/anutan/description.en.utf8:46 903msgid "" 904"This sky culture was contributed to Stellarium by <i>Dan Smale</i>, " 905"d.smale(at)niwa.co.nz" 906msgstr "" 907"A esta cultura do ceo de Stellarium contribuíu <i>Dan Smale</i>, " 908"d.smale(at)niwa.co.nz" 909 910#. type: Content of: <h1> 911#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:1 912msgid "Arabian Peninsula" 913msgstr "" 914 915#. type: Content of: <h4> 916#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:2 917#: ../../skycultures/arabic/description.en.utf8:2 918#: ../../skycultures/arabic_lunar_stations/description.en.utf8:2 919#: ../../skycultures/western_rey/description.en.utf8:3 920msgid "Introduction" 921msgstr "Introdución" 922 923#. type: Content of: <p> 924#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:3 925msgid "" 926"The oral folk tradition of star names and asterisms in the Arabian " 927"Peninsula, mostly scattered in poetry and proverbs." 928msgstr "" 929 930#. type: Content of: <h2> 931#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:4 932#: ../../skycultures/arabic/description.en.utf8:4 933#: ../../skycultures/arabic_lunar_stations/description.en.utf8:4 934msgid "Description" 935msgstr "" 936 937#. type: Content of: <p> 938#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:6 939msgid "" 940"The Arabian Peninsula is a region covering the south western corner of Asia," 941" bordered by Gulf of Aden and Arabian Sea on the south, Gulf of Oman and " 942"Persian Gulf on the East, The Red Sea on the west. The northern border is " 943"not well defined but according to ancient geographers, it is bordered by " 944"rivers, meaning The Euphrates river <sup><a " 945"href=\"#footnote-1\">[1]</a></sup> <sup><a " 946"href=\"#footnote-2\">[2]</a></sup>. This region is inhabited by Arabs and " 947"covers Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, " 948"Oman, Yemen, and parts of Syria and Iraq." 949msgstr "" 950 951#. type: Content of: <p> 952#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:9 953msgid "" 954"The Bedouins and farmers in the Arabian Peninsula relied heavily on stars " 955"for timing their nomadic trips, animal care, weather forecast and " 956"agricultural activities. We find frequent mention of stars in their proverbs" 957" and poetry. Fortunately, the oral poetry and proverbs have been documented " 958"and preserved in collections by different scholars. Surveying these " 959"collections along with oral traditions reveals the star knowledge of the " 960"people of this region." 961msgstr "" 962 963#. type: Content of: <p> 964#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:10 965msgid "" 966"The stars used for timing are the same as that of ancient Arabs, but the " 967"system is simplified by beginning the year cycle with the heliacal rising of" 968" al-Thurayyā, the Pleiades, in the beginning of summer, and then counting 13" 969" days for each lunar station, except for al-Ǧabhah that has 14 days. This " 970"will have 27 lunar stations x 13 days + 14 days (al-Ǧabhah) = 365-day cycle." 971" Other methods of timing were used like the monthly Pleiades-Moon " 972"conjunction or using other stars like the stars of the Big Dipper." 973msgstr "" 974 975#. type: Content of: <p> 976#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:11 977msgid "" 978"The sources show that star names and asterisms are few compared to that of " 979"ancient Arabs. Only the bright stars and prominent asterism were named and " 980"used. An important source of star knowledge that continued its influence up " 981"to the present is the poetry of al-Ḫalāwī, a poet who's time is not certain " 982"but estimated to be in the 17th century<sup><a " 983"href=\"#footnote-3\">[3]</a></sup>. Another important source is a poem by " 984"Moḥammad al-Qāḍī (~1809 -1886), where he described all the 28 lunar " 985"stations, citing them by the local names<sup><a " 986"href=\"#footnote-4\">[4]</a></sup>." 987msgstr "" 988 989#. type: Content of: <h4> 990#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:13 991msgid "Sources of Star Names and Asterisms" 992msgstr "" 993 994#. type: Content of: <p> 995#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:14 996msgid "" 997"The source of this sky culture is a compilation of star names from oral " 998"traditions and the following books:" 999msgstr "" 1000 1001#. type: Content of: <ol><li> 1002#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:16 1003msgid "" 1004"Al-ʿUbūdī, Moḥammad b. Nāṣir, Al-Amthāl al-ʿāmiyah fi Naǧd, The folk " 1005"proverbs in Najd, 4 volumes, Dar Al-Thulūthiyah, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 2010." 1006msgstr "" 1007 1008#. type: Content of: <ol><li> 1009#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:18 1010msgid "" 1011"Al-ʿUbūdī, Moḥammad b. Nāṣir, Muʿǧam al-Uṣūl al-faṣīḥah lil-alfāẓ al-" 1012"dariǧah, Lexicon of the classical root of the common dialect words, 13 " 1013"volumes, King AbdulAzeez Library, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 2009." 1014msgstr "" 1015 1016#. type: Content of: <ol><li> 1017#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:20 1018msgid "" 1019"Al-Azhār al-nadiyah min ashʿār al-badiyah, A collection of Bedouins poetry " 1020"by the name: The moist flowers of Bedouin Poetry, 18 volumes, Al Ma'arif " 1021"library, Tayef, Saudi Arabia." 1022msgstr "" 1023 1024#. type: Content of: <ol><li> 1025#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:22 1026msgid "" 1027"Min ādābinā al-shaʿbiyah fi al-ǧazīrah al-ʿarabiyah, A collection of poetry " 1028"by Mandeel al-Fuhaid, Our local literature of the Arab peninsula, 10 " 1029"volumes, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia." 1030msgstr "" 1031 1032#. type: Content of: <ol><li> 1033#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:24 1034msgid "" 1035"Al-Suwaydā, ʿAbd al-Raḥman, Al-Amthāl al-shaʿbiyah al-sāʾirah fi manṭiqat " 1036"Ḥāʾil, The local common proverbs of the Ḥayel region, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, " 1037"2007." 1038msgstr "" 1039 1040#. type: Content of: <ol><li> 1041#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:26 1042msgid "" 1043"Al-Suwaydā, ʿAbd al-Raḥman, Durar min al-shiʿr al-shaʿbī, The best of folk " 1044"poetry, 3 volume Poetry collection, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 1999." 1045msgstr "" 1046 1047#. type: Content of: <ol><li> 1048#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:28 1049msgid "" 1050"Al-Suwaydā, ʿAbd al-Raḥman, Shuʿarāʾ al-ǧabal al-shaʿbiyūn, The Poets of the" 1051" mountain, 5 volume Poetry collection, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 2013." 1052msgstr "" 1053 1054#. type: Content of: <ol><li> 1055#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:30 1056msgid "" 1057"Al-Ajaji, Khalid, Sharḥ Qaṣidat al-Qāḍī fi al-anwāʾ wal-nuǧūm, Explanation " 1058"of al-Qāḍī poem of anwāʾ and stars, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 2013." 1059msgstr "" 1060 1061#. type: Content of: <ol><li> 1062#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:32 1063msgid "" 1064"Al-Ajaji, Khalid, Sharḥ Maʾthūrāt al-Ḫalāwī al-falakiyah, Explanation of al-" 1065"Ḫalāwī astronomy poems, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 2018." 1066msgstr "" 1067 1068#. type: Content of: <p><h3> 1069#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:35 1070#: ../../skycultures/arabic/description.en.utf8:24 1071#: ../../skycultures/arabic_lunar_stations/description.en.utf8:69 1072#: ../../skycultures/belarusian/description.en.utf8:8 1073#: ../../skycultures/chinese_contemporary/description.en.utf8:5 1074#: ../../skycultures/macedonian/description.en.utf8:4 1075#: ../../skycultures/mongolian/description.en.utf8:15 1076#: ../../skycultures/tupi/description.en.utf8:4 1077#: ../../skycultures/western/description.en.utf8:4 1078#: ../../skycultures/western_SnT/description.en.utf8:4 1079msgid "Constellations" 1080msgstr "Constelacións" 1081 1082#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1083#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:38 1084msgid "ID" 1085msgstr "" 1086 1087#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1088#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:38 1089msgid "<b>Arabic</b>" 1090msgstr "" 1091 1092#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1093#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:38 1094msgid "<b>Transliteration</b>" 1095msgstr "" 1096 1097#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1098#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:38 1099msgid "<b>Translation</b>" 1100msgstr "" 1101 1102#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1103#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:38 1104msgid "<b>Comment</b>" 1105msgstr "" 1106 1107#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1108#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:38 1109msgid "<b>References</b>" 1110msgstr "" 1111 1112#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1113#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:39 1114msgid "<b>Constellations</b>" 1115msgstr "" 1116 1117#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1118#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:40 1119msgid "al-Ḥuwaiǧzain" 1120msgstr "" 1121 1122#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1123#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:40 1124msgid "The Two Guards" 1125msgstr "" 1126 1127#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1128#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:40 1129msgid "" 1130"The two stars: β UMi and γ UMi. They are used for directions. The Two Guards" 1131" comes from the legend that al-Jady (Polaris) killed the father of the seven" 1132" sisters who are carrying the bier of their father (The stars of the Big " 1133"Dipper) and circling al-Jady, vowing that they will not burry their father " 1134"until they get revenge. al-Jady asked these two for protection, and the name" 1135" is The Two Guards." 1136msgstr "" 1137 1138#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1139#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:41 1140msgid "al-Diḫīlain" 1141msgstr "" 1142 1143#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1144#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:41 1145msgid "The Two Refugees" 1146msgstr "" 1147 1148#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1149#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:41 1150msgid "" 1151"The other name of the two stars: β UMi and γ Umi, The Two Refugees, comes " 1152"from another version of the legend that they are the ones who committed the " 1153"killing and they fled towards al-Jady for protection." 1154msgstr "" 1155 1156#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1157#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:42 1158msgid "Āl Aba Bzay" 1159msgstr "" 1160 1161#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1162#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:42 1163msgid "The Family Of Aba Bzay" 1164msgstr "" 1165 1166#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1167#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:42 1168msgid "The two stars: β UMi and γ UMi" 1169msgstr "" 1170 1171#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1172#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:43 1173#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:67 1174msgid "al-Naʿāyem" 1175msgstr "" 1176 1177#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1178#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:43 1179msgid "Al-Nayem" 1180msgstr "" 1181 1182#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1183#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:43 1184msgid "" 1185"Meaning is not known for certain. It could mean the camels. composed of the " 1186"seven stars of the Big Dipper." 1187msgstr "" 1188 1189#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1190#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:44 1191msgid "al-Sibbaʿ" 1192msgstr "" 1193 1194#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1195#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:44 1196msgid "The Seven" 1197msgstr "" 1198 1199#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1200#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:44 1201msgid "The seven stars of the Big Dipper." 1202msgstr "" 1203 1204#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1205#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:45 1206msgid "Banāt Naʿš" 1207msgstr "" 1208 1209#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1210#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:45 1211msgid "Daughters Of Na'sh" 1212msgstr "" 1213 1214#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1215#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:45 1216msgid "" 1217"The seven stars of the Big Dipper. Seven sisters carrying the bier of their " 1218"father who was killed by al-Ǧady (Polaris)." 1219msgstr "" 1220 1221#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1222#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:46 1223msgid "al-Šdād" 1224msgstr "" 1225 1226#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1227#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:46 1228msgid "The Saddle Of The Camel" 1229msgstr "" 1230 1231#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1232#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:46 1233msgid "" 1234"The 5 bright stars of Cassiopeia. This name is used in the western areas " 1235"along the red sea of Saudi Arabia." 1236msgstr "" 1237 1238#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1239#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:47 1240msgid "al-Miġzal" 1241msgstr "" 1242 1243#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1244#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:47 1245msgid "The Wool Spindle" 1246msgstr "" 1247 1248#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1249#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:47 1250msgid "" 1251"The Cross shaped stars of α Cyg (Deneb), ε Cyg (Gienah), γ Cyg (Sadr), δ " 1252"Cyg, and β1 Cyg (Albireo). The source is oral tradition from the town of " 1253"Zulfi in central Saudi Arabia." 1254msgstr "" 1255 1256#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1257#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:48 1258msgid "al-Muqaddam" 1259msgstr "" 1260 1261#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1262#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:48 1263msgid "The Front" 1264msgstr "" 1265 1266#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1267#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:48 1268msgid "The front mouth of the bucket (24th mansion of the Moon)" 1269msgstr "" 1270 1271#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1272#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:49 1273msgid "al-Muḫḫar" 1274msgstr "" 1275 1276#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1277#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:49 1278msgid "The Rear" 1279msgstr "" 1280 1281#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1282#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:49 1283msgid "The rear mouth of the bucket (25th mansion of the Moon)" 1284msgstr "" 1285 1286#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1287#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:50 1288msgid "al-Rša" 1289msgstr "" 1290 1291#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1292#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:50 1293msgid "The Bucket Rope" 1294msgstr "" 1295 1296#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1297#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:50 1298msgid "" 1299"The rope used to pull the bucket from the well (26th mansion of the Moon)" 1300msgstr "" 1301 1302#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1303#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:51 1304msgid "al-Šarṭain" 1305msgstr "" 1306 1307#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1308#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:51 1309msgid "The Two Signs" 1310msgstr "" 1311 1312#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1313#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:51 1314msgid "" 1315"The two signs, stars (Mesarthim and Sheratan) (27th mansion of the Moon)" 1316msgstr "" 1317 1318#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1319#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:52 1320msgid "al-Bṭain" 1321msgstr "" 1322 1323#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1324#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:52 1325msgid "The Little Abdomen" 1326msgstr "" 1327 1328#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1329#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:52 1330msgid "The little abdomen of al-Ḥamal (28th mansion of the Moon)." 1331msgstr "" 1332 1333#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1334#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:53 1335msgid "al-Thrayyā" 1336msgstr "" 1337 1338#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1339#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:53 1340msgid "Al-Thurayya" 1341msgstr "" 1342 1343#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1344#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:53 1345msgid "" 1346"al-Thurayyā is a proper name of the Pleiades (first mansion of the Moon)." 1347msgstr "" 1348 1349#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1350#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:54 1351msgid "al-Dhraʿ" 1352msgstr "" 1353 1354#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1355#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:54 1356msgid "The Arm" 1357msgstr "" 1358 1359#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1360#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:54 1361msgid "" 1362"The two stars of Canis Minor, the arm of the lion (5th mansion of the Moon)." 1363msgstr "" 1364 1365#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1366#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:55 1367msgid "al-Klaibain" 1368msgstr "" 1369 1370#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1371#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:55 1372msgid "The Two Little Dogs" 1373msgstr "" 1374 1375#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1376#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:55 1377msgid "" 1378"An asterism of the two stars: δ CMa and ε CMa. Their heliacal rising is used" 1379" for timing (same time as the 6th mansion of the Moon). The name is common " 1380"in central Arabia." 1381msgstr "" 1382 1383#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1384#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:56 1385msgid "al-Nathrah" 1386msgstr "" 1387 1388#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1389#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:56 1390msgid "The Nostrils" 1391msgstr "" 1392 1393#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1394#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:56 1395msgid "" 1396"M 44 and two adjacent stars representing the nose tip of the Arab lion (6th " 1397"mansion of the Moon)." 1398msgstr "" 1399 1400#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1401#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:57 1402msgid "al-Ṭarf" 1403msgstr "" 1404 1405#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1406#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:57 1407msgid "The Eyes" 1408msgstr "" 1409 1410#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1411#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:57 1412msgid "Eyes of the lion (7th mansion of the Moon)." 1413msgstr "" 1414 1415#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1416#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:58 1417msgid "al-Ǧabhah" 1418msgstr "" 1419 1420#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1421#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:58 1422msgid "The Forehead" 1423msgstr "" 1424 1425#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1426#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:58 1427msgid "Forehead of the lion (8th mansion of the Moon)." 1428msgstr "" 1429 1430#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1431#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:59 1432msgid "al-Zubrah" 1433msgstr "" 1434 1435#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1436#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:59 1437msgid "The Mane" 1438msgstr "" 1439 1440#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1441#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:59 1442msgid "Mane of the lion (9th mansion of the Moon)." 1443msgstr "" 1444 1445#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1446#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:60 1447msgid "al-ʿAwwā" 1448msgstr "" 1449 1450#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1451#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:60 1452msgid "The Bend" 1453msgstr "" 1454 1455#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1456#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:60 1457msgid "" 1458"an arc of 5 stars. The arabic al-ʿAwwā could mean also the Howlers, dogs " 1459"barking at the lion (11th mansion of the Moon)." 1460msgstr "" 1461 1462#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1463#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:61 1464msgid "al-Ġafr" 1465msgstr "" 1466 1467#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1468#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:61 1469msgid "The Cover" 1470msgstr "" 1471 1472#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1473#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:61 1474msgid "Three star asterism (13th mansion of the Moon)" 1475msgstr "" 1476 1477#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1478#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:62 1479msgid "al-Zubānā" 1480msgstr "" 1481 1482#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1483#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:62 1484msgid "Claws Of The Scorpion" 1485msgstr "" 1486 1487#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1488#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:62 1489msgid "The two bright stars of Libra (14th mansion of the Moon)." 1490msgstr "" 1491 1492#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1493#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:63 1494msgid "al-Iklīl" 1495msgstr "" 1496 1497#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1498#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:63 1499msgid "The Diadem" 1500msgstr "" 1501 1502#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1503#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:63 1504msgid "" 1505"The arc of the three stars on the forehead of Scorpius (15th mansion of the " 1506"Moon)." 1507msgstr "" 1508 1509#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1510#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:64 1511#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:126 1512msgid "al-Šawlah" 1513msgstr "" 1514 1515#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1516#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:64 1517#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:126 1518msgid "Raised Tail Of The Scorpion" 1519msgstr "" 1520 1521#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1522#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:64 1523msgid "The sting of Scorpius (17th mansion of the Moon)." 1524msgstr "" 1525 1526#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1527#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:65 1528msgid "aal-ʿAqrab" 1529msgstr "" 1530 1531#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1532#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:65 1533msgid "The Scorpion" 1534msgstr "" 1535 1536#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1537#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:65 1538msgid "The scorpion image" 1539msgstr "" 1540 1541#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1542#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:66 1543msgid "al-Baldah" 1544msgstr "" 1545 1546#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1547#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:66 1548msgid "The Empty Place" 1549msgstr "" 1550 1551#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1552#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:66 1553msgid "" 1554"An area with no bright stars in Sagittarius (19th mansion of the Moon)." 1555msgstr "" 1556 1557#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1558#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:67 1559msgid "The Ostriches" 1560msgstr "" 1561 1562#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1563#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:67 1564msgid "" 1565"Four stars in the milky way representing four ostriches drinking at the " 1566"river and another four away from the milky way representing four ostriches " 1567"returning from the river. A ninth star between and above the two groups is " 1568"included. All the stars are in the Sagittarius constellation (18th mansion " 1569"of the Moon)." 1570msgstr "" 1571 1572#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1573#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:68 1574msgid "Saʿd al-Dhabiḥ" 1575msgstr "" 1576 1577#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1578#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:68 1579msgid "The Lucky Star Of The Slaughterer" 1580msgstr "" 1581 1582#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1583#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:68 1584msgid "" 1585"Ancient Arab asterism representing a man slaughtering a sheep (20th mansion " 1586"of the Moon)." 1587msgstr "" 1588 1589#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1590#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:69 1591msgid "Saʿd bulaʿ" 1592msgstr "" 1593 1594#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1595#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:69 1596msgid "The Lucky Star Of The Swallower" 1597msgstr "" 1598 1599#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1600#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:69 1601msgid "" 1602"Ancient Arab asterism representing a man swallowing a bite (21th mansion of " 1603"the Moon)." 1604msgstr "" 1605 1606#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1607#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:70 1608msgid "Saʿd al-suʿūd" 1609msgstr "" 1610 1611#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1612#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:70 1613msgid "The Luckiest Of The Lucky Stars" 1614msgstr "" 1615 1616#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1617#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:70 1618msgid "" 1619"Ancient Arab asterism three stars that rises in the morning in the spring " 1620"(22nd mansion of the Moon)." 1621msgstr "" 1622 1623#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1624#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:71 1625msgid "Saʿd al-aḫbiyah" 1626msgstr "" 1627 1628#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1629#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:71 1630msgid "The Lucky Star Of The Tents" 1631msgstr "" 1632 1633#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1634#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:71 1635msgid "" 1636"Ancient Arab asterism of a triangle of three stars and a fourth star is " 1637"inside the triangle, a man inside a tent (23rd mansion of the Moon)." 1638msgstr "" 1639 1640#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1641#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:72 1642#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:127 1643msgid "al-Haqʿah" 1644msgstr "" 1645 1646#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1647#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:72 1648#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:127 1649msgid "The Circular Mark" 1650msgstr "" 1651 1652#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1653#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:72 1654msgid "" 1655"Ancient Arab asterism of a small triangle of stars (head of Orion) " 1656"representing a mark on the side of the horse (third mansion of the Moon)." 1657msgstr "" 1658 1659#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1660#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:73 1661msgid "al-Hanʿah" 1662msgstr "" 1663 1664#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1665#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:73 1666msgid "Stoopness" 1667msgstr "" 1668 1669#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1670#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:73 1671msgid "Ancient Arab asterism (4th mansion of the Moon)" 1672msgstr "" 1673 1674#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1675#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:74 1676msgid "Ẓahr al-Ǧawzā" 1677msgstr "" 1678 1679#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1680#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:74 1681msgid "Back Of Al-Jawza" 1682msgstr "" 1683 1684#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1685#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:74 1686msgid "" 1687"The three stars at the belt of Orion. This name along with the star names of" 1688" Northern Horn of al-Jawza and Southern Horn of al-Jawza comes from the " 1689"western region of Saudi Arabia and used by the fishers of the red sea. The " 1690"source is oral tradition from the seaport Umluj of Saudi Arabia." 1691msgstr "" 1692 1693#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1694#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:75 1695msgid "Zawābin al-Ǧawzā" 1696msgstr "" 1697 1698#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1699#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:75 1700#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:76 1701msgid "Claws Of Al-Jawza" 1702msgstr "" 1703 1704#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1705#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:75 1706#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:76 1707msgid "" 1708"Names of the stars: α, γ, β, and κ Ori, orally communicated from the Qasseem" 1709" region of Saudi Arabia." 1710msgstr "" 1711 1712#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1713#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:76 1714msgid "al-Zibban" 1715msgstr "" 1716 1717#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1718#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:77 1719msgid "Masǧid al-Thrayyā" 1720msgstr "" 1721 1722#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1723#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:77 1724msgid "Mosque Of Al-Thurayya" 1725msgstr "" 1726 1727#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1728#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:77 1729msgid "" 1730"A triangle of stars that rise before al-Thurayya (The Pleiades). It is " 1731"composed of the three stars: α Ari, α Tri, and β Tri. The source of this " 1732"name is oral tradition in the region of Wadi al-Dawasir in southwestern " 1733"Saudi Arabia." 1734msgstr "" 1735 1736#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1737#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:78 1738msgid "al-Ǧawā" 1739msgstr "" 1740 1741#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1742#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:78 1743msgid "Al-Jawza" 1744msgstr "" 1745 1746#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1747#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:78 1748msgid "" 1749"Al-Jawza is a proper name for a woman. this constellation is a woman shape " 1750"for the Orion stars. It is the same as that of ancient Arabs. Some oral " 1751"traditions will give the name to only the three stars of Orion belt." 1752msgstr "" 1753 1754#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1755#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:79 1756msgid "<b>Planets</b>" 1757msgstr "" 1758 1759#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1760#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:80 1761msgid "Naǧmat al-ṣibḥ" 1762msgstr "" 1763 1764#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1765#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:80 1766msgid "Morning Star" 1767msgstr "" 1768 1769#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1770#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:80 1771msgid "A name for Venus when it sets after the Sun." 1772msgstr "" 1773 1774#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1775#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:81 1776msgid "Naǧmat al-ʿŠā" 1777msgstr "" 1778 1779#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1780#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:81 1781msgid "Evening Star" 1782msgstr "" 1783 1784#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1785#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:81 1786msgid "A name for Venus when it rises before the Sun." 1787msgstr "" 1788 1789#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1790#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:82 1791msgid "al-Ǧuġmah, al-Ǧuġġāmah" 1792msgstr "" 1793 1794#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1795#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:82 1796msgid "The Sip, The Sipper" 1797msgstr "" 1798 1799#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1800#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:82 1801msgid "" 1802"Bedouins will tell the kids when they ask for milk to wait until Venus (The " 1803"sip, the sipper) sets. Another version is that they encourage the children " 1804"to drink their milk before Venus (The sipper) drinks it." 1805msgstr "" 1806 1807#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1808#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:83 1809msgid "Naǧmat al-Hawdān" 1810msgstr "" 1811 1812#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1813#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:83 1814msgid "The Star Of Al-Hawdan" 1815msgstr "" 1816 1817#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1818#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:83 1819msgid "" 1820"Al-Hawdan is a tribe. Every evening they agree that when they see Venus in " 1821"the morning, they will start their nomadic trip looking for pasture for " 1822"their camels, but in they morning they decide to stay. Another version is " 1823"that they will take their camels to the pasture early when Venus rises " 1824"preceding others, and they will take back their camels late in the evening " 1825"when Venus sets." 1826msgstr "" 1827 1828#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1829#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:84 1830msgid "<b>Stars</b>" 1831msgstr "" 1832 1833#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1834#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:85 1835msgid "al-Ǧady" 1836msgstr "" 1837 1838#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1839#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:85 1840msgid "The Kid" 1841msgstr "" 1842 1843#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1844#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:85 1845msgid "Same as the ancient Arab name." 1846msgstr "" 1847 1848#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1849#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:86 1850msgid "al-Ḥuwaiǧzain 1" 1851msgstr "" 1852 1853#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1854#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:86 1855msgid "The Two Guards 1" 1856msgstr "" 1857 1858#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1859#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:86 1860#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:87 1861#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:88 1862#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:89 1863#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:90 1864#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:91 1865msgid "See CON100" 1866msgstr "" 1867 1868#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1869#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:87 1870msgid "al-Ḥuwaiǧzain 2" 1871msgstr "" 1872 1873#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1874#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:87 1875msgid "The Two Guards 2" 1876msgstr "" 1877 1878#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1879#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:88 1880msgid "al-Diḫīlain 1" 1881msgstr "" 1882 1883#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1884#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:88 1885msgid "The Two Refugees 1" 1886msgstr "" 1887 1888#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1889#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:89 1890msgid "al-Diḫīlain 2" 1891msgstr "" 1892 1893#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1894#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:89 1895msgid "The Two Refugees 2" 1896msgstr "" 1897 1898#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1899#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:90 1900msgid "Āl Aba Bzay 1" 1901msgstr "" 1902 1903#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1904#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:90 1905msgid "The Family Of Aba Bzay 1" 1906msgstr "" 1907 1908#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1909#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:91 1910msgid "Āl Aba Bzay 2" 1911msgstr "" 1912 1913#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1914#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:91 1915msgid "The Family Of Aba Bzay 2" 1916msgstr "" 1917 1918#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1919#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:92 1920msgid "al-Ḫilj 1" 1921msgstr "" 1922 1923#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1924#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:92 1925msgid "Al-Khilj 1" 1926msgstr "" 1927 1928#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1929#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:92 1930#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:93 1931#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:94 1932#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:95 1933msgid "The first two stars of the Big Dipper to rise" 1934msgstr "" 1935 1936#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1937#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:93 1938msgid "al-Ḫilj 2" 1939msgstr "" 1940 1941#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1942#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:93 1943msgid "Al-Khilj 2" 1944msgstr "" 1945 1946#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1947#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:94 1948msgid "al-Ḫilj al-awwalāt 1" 1949msgstr "" 1950 1951#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1952#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:94 1953msgid "The first Khilj 1" 1954msgstr "" 1955 1956#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1957#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:95 1958msgid "al-Ḫilj al-awwalāt 2" 1959msgstr "" 1960 1961#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1962#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:95 1963msgid "The first Khilj 2" 1964msgstr "" 1965 1966#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1967#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:96 1968msgid "al-Ḫilj al-Tuwalī 1" 1969msgstr "" 1970 1971#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1972#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:96 1973msgid "The Latter Khilj 1" 1974msgstr "" 1975 1976#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1977#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:96 1978#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:97 1979#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:98 1980#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:99 1981msgid "The second two stars of the Big Dipper to rise" 1982msgstr "" 1983 1984#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1985#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:97 1986msgid "al-Ḫilj al-Tuwalī 2" 1987msgstr "" 1988 1989#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1990#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:97 1991msgid "The Latter Khilj 2" 1992msgstr "" 1993 1994#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 1995#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:98 1996msgid "al-Rubbaʿ 1" 1997msgstr "" 1998 1999#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2000#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:98 2001msgid "The fourth ones 1" 2002msgstr "" 2003 2004#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2005#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:99 2006msgid "al-Rubbaʿ 2" 2007msgstr "" 2008 2009#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2010#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:99 2011msgid "The fourth ones 2" 2012msgstr "" 2013 2014#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2015#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:100 2016msgid "al-Ḫamis" 2017msgstr "" 2018 2019#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2020#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:100 2021msgid "The Fifth" 2022msgstr "" 2023 2024#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2025#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:100 2026msgid "The star ε UMa, fifth to rise of the seven stars of the Big Dipper." 2027msgstr "" 2028 2029#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2030#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:101 2031msgid "al-Satt" 2032msgstr "" 2033 2034#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2035#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:101 2036msgid "The Sixth" 2037msgstr "" 2038 2039#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2040#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:101 2041msgid "The star ζ UMa, sixth to rise of the seven stars of the Big Dipper." 2042msgstr "" 2043 2044#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2045#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:102 2046msgid "al-Swaibiʿ" 2047msgstr "" 2048 2049#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2050#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:102 2051msgid "The Seventh" 2052msgstr "" 2053 2054#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2055#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:102 2056msgid "The star η UMa, seventh to rise of the seven stars of the Big Dipper." 2057msgstr "" 2058 2059#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2060#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:103 2061msgid "al-Reqīb" 2062msgstr "" 2063 2064#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2065#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:103 2066msgid "The Watcher" 2067msgstr "" 2068 2069#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2070#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:103 2071msgid "" 2072"The star α Boo. The source of this name is in the tradition of Ḥayel region." 2073msgstr "" 2074 2075#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2076#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:104 2077msgid "al-Iḥaimir" 2078msgstr "" 2079 2080#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2081#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:104 2082msgid "The Reddish One" 2083msgstr "" 2084 2085#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2086#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:104 2087msgid "" 2088"The star α Boo. The source of this name is in the traditions of seafarers " 2089"and fishers of the west and east costs of the Arabian Peninsula." 2090msgstr "" 2091 2092#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2093#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:105 2094msgid "al-Nasr al-Mkattaf" 2095msgstr "" 2096 2097#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2098#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:105 2099msgid "The Closed Wings Eagle" 2100msgstr "" 2101 2102#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2103#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:105 2104msgid "" 2105"The star α Lyr (Vega), named because the two stars: ζ Lyr and ε Lyr forms " 2106"the closed wings. Source is Ḥayel region." 2107msgstr "" 2108 2109#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2110#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:106 2111msgid "al-Mbarī" 2112msgstr "" 2113 2114#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2115#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:106 2116msgid "The Parallel One" 2117msgstr "" 2118 2119#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2120#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:106 2121msgid "The star Capella, parallels al-Thurayya (The Pleiades)" 2122msgstr "" 2123 2124#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2125#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:107 2126msgid "al-Ǧinīb" 2127msgstr "" 2128 2129#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2130#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:107 2131msgid "The Sided One" 2132msgstr "" 2133 2134#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2135#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:107 2136msgid "The star Capella, on the far side of al-Thurayya (The Pleiades)" 2137msgstr "" 2138 2139#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2140#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:108 2141msgid "al-Nasr al-Basiṭ" 2142msgstr "" 2143 2144#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2145#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:108 2146msgid "The Spread Wings Eagle" 2147msgstr "" 2148 2149#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2150#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:108 2151msgid "" 2152"The star α Aql (Altair), named because the two stars: γ Aql and β Aql forms " 2153"the spread wings. Source is Ḥayel region." 2154msgstr "" 2155 2156#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2157#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:109 2158msgid "aal-Kanūn" 2159msgstr "" 2160 2161#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2162#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:109 2163msgid "Al-Kanoon" 2164msgstr "" 2165 2166#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2167#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:109 2168msgid "" 2169"Another name of The Spread wings Eagle mentioned in the poetry of al-Ḫalāwī." 2170msgstr "" 2171 2172#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2173#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:110 2174msgid "al-Mwaḫḫar 2" 2175msgstr "" 2176 2177#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2178#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:110 2179msgid "The Rear Bucket Mouth 2" 2180msgstr "" 2181 2182#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2183#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:110 2184#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:111 2185msgid "See CON2504" 2186msgstr "" 2187 2188#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2189#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:111 2190msgid "al-Mwaḫḫar 1" 2191msgstr "" 2192 2193#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2194#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:111 2195msgid "The Rear Bucket Mouth 1" 2196msgstr "" 2197 2198#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2199#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:112 2200msgid "al-Mqaddam 2" 2201msgstr "" 2202 2203#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2204#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:112 2205msgid "The Front Bucket Mouth 2" 2206msgstr "" 2207 2208#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2209#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:112 2210#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:113 2211msgid "See CON2502" 2212msgstr "" 2213 2214#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2215#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:113 2216msgid "al-Mqaddam 1" 2217msgstr "" 2218 2219#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2220#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:113 2221msgid "The Front Bucket Mouth 1" 2222msgstr "" 2223 2224#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2225#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:114 2226msgid "al-Twaibiʿ" 2227msgstr "" 2228 2229#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2230#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:114 2231msgid "The Follower" 2232msgstr "" 2233 2234#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2235#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:114 2236#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:115 2237msgid "The star Aldebran, (second mansion of the Moon)" 2238msgstr "" 2239 2240#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2241#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:115 2242msgid "al-Twailī" 2243msgstr "" 2244 2245#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2246#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:115 2247msgid "The Latter" 2248msgstr "" 2249 2250#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2251#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:116 2252msgid "al-Mǧaidiḥ" 2253msgstr "" 2254 2255#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2256#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:116 2257msgid "Al-Mjaidih" 2258msgstr "" 2259 2260#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2261#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:116 2262msgid "" 2263"The star Aldebran, (second mansion of the Moon), Name is used in al-Ṭayef " 2264"region, western Saudi Arabia." 2265msgstr "" 2266 2267#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2268#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:117 2269msgid "al-Aẓfār 1" 2270msgstr "" 2271 2272#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2273#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:117 2274msgid "The Claws 1" 2275msgstr "" 2276 2277#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2278#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:117 2279#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:118 2280#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:119 2281#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:120 2282#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:121 2283#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:122 2284msgid "" 2285"Stars between α CMi (Procyon) and α Gem. The source is oral tradition of " 2286"Najran, southwest of Saudi Arabia." 2287msgstr "" 2288 2289#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2290#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:118 2291msgid "al-Aẓfār 2" 2292msgstr "" 2293 2294#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2295#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:118 2296msgid "The Claws 2" 2297msgstr "" 2298 2299#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2300#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:119 2301msgid "al-Aẓfār 3" 2302msgstr "" 2303 2304#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2305#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:119 2306msgid "The Claws 3" 2307msgstr "" 2308 2309#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2310#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:120 2311msgid "al-Aẓfār 4" 2312msgstr "" 2313 2314#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2315#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:120 2316msgid "The Claws 4" 2317msgstr "" 2318 2319#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2320#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:121 2321msgid "al-Aẓfār 5" 2322msgstr "" 2323 2324#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2325#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:121 2326msgid "The Claws 5" 2327msgstr "" 2328 2329#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2330#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:122 2331msgid "al-Aẓfār 6" 2332msgstr "" 2333 2334#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2335#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:122 2336msgid "The Claws 6" 2337msgstr "" 2338 2339#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2340#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:123 2341msgid "al-Ṣarfah" 2342msgstr "" 2343 2344#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2345#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:123 2346msgid "Star Of Weather Change" 2347msgstr "" 2348 2349#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2350#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:123 2351msgid "(10th mansion of the Moon)" 2352msgstr "" 2353 2354#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2355#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:124 2356msgid "al-Smak al-ʿazal" 2357msgstr "" 2358 2359#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2360#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:124 2361msgid "The High Unarmed One" 2362msgstr "" 2363 2364#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2365#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:124 2366msgid "(12th mansion of the Moon)" 2367msgstr "" 2368 2369#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2370#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:125 2371msgid "al-Qalb" 2372msgstr "" 2373 2374#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2375#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:125 2376msgid "The Heart" 2377msgstr "" 2378 2379#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2380#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:125 2381msgid "(16th mansion of the Moon)" 2382msgstr "" 2383 2384#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2385#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:126 2386msgid "(17th mansion of the Moon)" 2387msgstr "" 2388 2389#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2390#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:127 2391msgid "(third mansion of the Moon)" 2392msgstr "" 2393 2394#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2395#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:128 2396msgid "Qarn al-Ǧawza al-Šimalī" 2397msgstr "" 2398 2399#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2400#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:128 2401msgid "Northern Horn Of Al-Jawza" 2402msgstr "" 2403 2404#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2405#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:128 2406msgid "" 2407"Name of the star: α Ori, from the western region of Saudi Arabia and used by" 2408" the fishers of the red sea. The source is oral tradition from the seaport " 2409"Umluj of Saudi Arabia." 2410msgstr "" 2411 2412#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2413#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:129 2414msgid "Zabin al-Ǧawza al-Šimalī" 2415msgstr "" 2416 2417#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2418#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:129 2419msgid "Northern Claw Of Al-Jawza" 2420msgstr "" 2421 2422#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2423#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:129 2424msgid "" 2425"Name of the star: α Ori, this specific name \"Northern Claw of al-Jawza\" " 2426"appeared in \"Ibn Bišir, ʿUṯmān ibn ʿAbd Allah (died 1873), ʿInwān al-maǧd " 2427"fi tarīḫ Naǧd, The title of glory on the history of Najd, (Arabic critical " 2428"edition print by Dr. Muḥammad ibn Nāṣir al-Šiṯrī), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, " 2429"2012, pg. 292.\"." 2430msgstr "" 2431 2432#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2433#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:130 2434msgid "Riǧl al-Ǧawza" 2435msgstr "" 2436 2437#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2438#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:130 2439msgid "Leg Of Al-Jawza" 2440msgstr "" 2441 2442#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2443#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:130 2444msgid "" 2445"Name of the star: κ Ori, from the western region of Saudi Arabia and used by" 2446" the fishers of the red sea. The source is oral tradition from the seaport " 2447"Umluj of Saudi Arabia." 2448msgstr "" 2449 2450#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2451#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:131 2452msgid "Qarn al-Ǧawza al-Ǧunūbī" 2453msgstr "" 2454 2455#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2456#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:131 2457msgid "Southern Horn Of Al-Jawza" 2458msgstr "" 2459 2460#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2461#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:131 2462msgid "" 2463"Name of the star: β Ori, from the western region of Saudi Arabia and used by" 2464" the fishers of the red sea. The source is oral tradition from the seaport " 2465"Umluj of Saudi Arabia." 2466msgstr "" 2467 2468#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2469#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:132 2470msgid "Zabin al-Ǧawza al-Ǧunūbī" 2471msgstr "" 2472 2473#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2474#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:132 2475msgid "Southern Claw Of Al-Jawza" 2476msgstr "" 2477 2478#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2479#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:132 2480msgid "" 2481"Name of the star: β Ori, this name is infered from the name of \"Northern " 2482"Claw of al-Jawza\" for α Ori. 1" 2483msgstr "" 2484 2485#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2486#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:133 2487msgid "al-Mirzam" 2488msgstr "" 2489 2490#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2491#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:133 2492msgid "Al-Mirzam" 2493msgstr "" 2494 2495#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2496#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:133 2497msgid "" 2498"A common name of α CMa (Sirius) used to time the period of the 5th lunar " 2499"mansion." 2500msgstr "" 2501 2502#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2503#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:134 2504msgid "al-Šiʿla" 2505msgstr "" 2506 2507#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2508#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:134 2509msgid "Al-Shi'la" 2510msgstr "" 2511 2512#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2513#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:134 2514msgid "" 2515"Another name of α CMa (Sirius) used in the northern parts of the Arabian " 2516"Peninsula." 2517msgstr "" 2518 2519#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2520#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:135 2521msgid "Shail" 2522msgstr "" 2523 2524#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2525#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:135 2526msgid "Suhayl" 2527msgstr "" 2528 2529#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2530#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:135 2531msgid "The star α Car (Canopus). The name is of ancient origin." 2532msgstr "" 2533 2534#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2535#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:136 2536msgid "Miḥlif" 2537msgstr "" 2538 2539#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2540#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:136 2541msgid "The Oath Star" 2542msgstr "" 2543 2544#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2545#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:136 2546msgid "" 2547"A name of α Eri. It is named as such because people would confuse it with " 2548"Suhayl (Canopus), resulting in an argument with some one making an oath that" 2549" it is or is not Suhayl." 2550msgstr "" 2551 2552#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2553#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:137 2554msgid "Aba al-sihil" 2555msgstr "" 2556 2557#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2558#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:137 2559msgid "Aba Alsihil" 2560msgstr "" 2561 2562#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2563#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:137 2564#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:138 2565#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:139 2566msgid "Another name of α Eri." 2567msgstr "" 2568 2569#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2570#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:138 2571msgid "al-Mishil" 2572msgstr "" 2573 2574#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2575#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:138 2576msgid "Al-Miss.hil" 2577msgstr "" 2578 2579#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2580#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:139 2581msgid "al-Shali (S here is pronounced as in same, not as in share)" 2582msgstr "" 2583 2584#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2585#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:139 2586msgid "As-S.hali" 2587msgstr "" 2588 2589#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2590#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:140 2591msgid "al-Naʿāyem 1" 2592msgstr "" 2593 2594#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2595#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:140 2596msgid "al-Naayem 1" 2597msgstr "" 2598 2599#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2600#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:140 2601#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:141 2602msgid "" 2603"A name for the two bright stars: α and β Cen. This name is used by the " 2604"tribes of al-Dawāsir and Yām in the southern regions of Saudi Arabia, and " 2605"should not be confused with the same name for the stars of the Big Dipper " 2606"used by the tribes of central and northern regions of Saudi Arabia, or the " 2607"name of ancient Arabs for the 18th Lunar mansion." 2608msgstr "" 2609 2610#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2611#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:141 2612msgid "al-Naʿāyem 2" 2613msgstr "" 2614 2615#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 2616#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:141 2617msgid "al-Naayem 2" 2618msgstr "" 2619 2620#. type: Content of: <h3> 2621#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:145 2622#: ../../skycultures/arabic_lunar_stations/description.en.utf8:71 2623#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:539 2624#: ../../skycultures/belarusian/description.en.utf8:42 2625#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:220 2626#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2980 2627#: ../../skycultures/dakota/description.en.utf8:57 2628#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:505 2629#: ../../skycultures/inuit/description.en.utf8:31 2630#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:377 2631#: ../../skycultures/macedonian/description.en.utf8:73 2632#: ../../skycultures/mongolian/description.en.utf8:259 2633#: ../../skycultures/northern_andes/description.en.utf8:57 2634#: ../../skycultures/ojibwe/description.en.utf8:48 2635#: ../../skycultures/vanuatu_netwar/description.en.utf8:59 2636#: ../../skycultures/western_rey/description.en.utf8:78 2637msgid "Authors" 2638msgstr "Autores" 2639 2640#. type: Content of: <p> 2641#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:147 2642msgid "Khalid al-Ajaji, turath.alfalak@gmail.com." 2643msgstr "" 2644 2645#. type: Content of: <h2> 2646#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:149 2647#: ../../skycultures/arabic/description.en.utf8:34 2648#: ../../skycultures/arabic_lunar_stations/description.en.utf8:74 2649msgid "License" 2650msgstr "" 2651 2652#. type: Content of: <p> 2653#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:150 2654#: ../../skycultures/arabic_lunar_stations/description.en.utf8:75 2655msgid "" 2656"Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)." 2657msgstr "" 2658 2659#. type: Content of: <p> 2660#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:152 2661msgid "" 2662"[1]: Al-Hamdânîʼs Geographie der Arabischen Halbinsel, David Heinrich " 2663"Müller, Leiden : E. J. Brill, 1884, pg. 47." 2664msgstr "" 2665 2666#. type: Content of: <p><p> 2667#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:153 2668msgid "" 2669"[2]: Le Bon, Gustave, La civilisation des Arabes, Paris, Librairie de " 2670"Firmin-Didot, 1884, livre premier, pg. 1." 2671msgstr "" 2672 2673#. type: Content of: <p><p><p> 2674#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:154 2675msgid "" 2676"[3]: Al-Ajaji, Khalid, Sharḥ Maʾthūrāt al-Ḫalāwī al-falakiyah, Explanation " 2677"of al-Ḫalāwī astronomy poems, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 2018." 2678msgstr "" 2679 2680#. type: Content of: <p><p><p><p> 2681#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:155 2682msgid "" 2683"[4]: Al-Ajaji, Khalid, Sharḥ Qaṣidat al-Qāḍī fi al-anwāʾ wal-nuǧūm, " 2684"Explanation of al-Qāḍī poem of anwāʾ and stars, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 2013." 2685msgstr "" 2686 2687#. type: Content of: <p><p><p><p> 2688#: ../../skycultures/arabian_peninsula/description.en.utf8:156 2689msgid "" 2690"[5]: Ibn Bišir, ʿUṯmān ibn ʿAbd Allah (died 1873), ʿInwān al-maǧd fi tarīḫ " 2691"Naǧd, The title of glory on the history of Najd, (Arabic critical edition " 2692"print by Dr. Muḥammad ibn Nāṣir al-Šiṯrī), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 2012, pg. " 2693"292." 2694msgstr "" 2695 2696#. type: Content of: <h1> 2697#: ../../skycultures/arabic/description.en.utf8:1 2698msgid "Arabic" 2699msgstr "" 2700 2701#. type: Content of: <p> 2702#: ../../skycultures/arabic/description.en.utf8:3 2703msgid "" 2704"The Arabic sky culture displays the indigenous star knowledge of the ancient" 2705" Arabs living in the Arabian Peninsula prior to the Greek astronomy " 2706"influence in the ninth century." 2707msgstr "" 2708 2709#. type: Content of: <p> 2710#: ../../skycultures/arabic/description.en.utf8:5 2711msgid "" 2712"The star knowledge of the ancient Arabs had been recorded and preserved in " 2713"old poetry and in the old works of Arab philologists and lexicographers of " 2714"the Islamic civilization. Many books were written on the subject of star " 2715"knowledge and anwāʾ [Arabic الأنواء], the Arabic knowledge of meteorology. " 2716"The editors of Ibn Qutaybah's <em>Kitāb al-Anwāʾ</em> (9th century) listed " 2717"twenty-four books on this subject written mostly between early eighth and " 2718"tenth century<sup><a href=\"#footnote-1\">[1]</a></sup>. The only completely" 2719" preserved text is that of Ibn Qutaybah, but later scholars had quoted many " 2720"of the earlier texts. One of the most significant works that recorded the " 2721"indigenous Arab star names is the <em>Book of the stars</em> written in ~ " 2722"964 AD by the prominent astronomer: al-Ṣūfī, where he identified the " 2723"indigenous Arab star names with the respective Ptolemaic stars of the Greek " 2724"constellations<sup><a href=\"#footnote-1\">[2]</a></sup>." 2725msgstr "" 2726 2727#. type: Content of: <h4> 2728#: ../../skycultures/arabic/description.en.utf8:6 2729msgid "Sources of the Arabic sky culture" 2730msgstr "" 2731 2732#. type: Content of: <p> 2733#: ../../skycultures/arabic/description.en.utf8:7 2734msgid "" 2735"The source of this sky culture is a study and compilation of star knowledge " 2736"of ancient Arabs from the following books:" 2737msgstr "" 2738 2739#. type: Content of: <ol><li> 2740#: ../../skycultures/arabic/description.en.utf8:9 2741msgid "" 2742"Ibn Qutaybah, Al-Dinawarī, Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd Allah b. Muslim (died ~ 889), " 2743"Kitab al-Anwāʾ (Book of meteorolgy), (Arabic print of the original book, " 2744"Daʾirat al-Maʿarif al-Osmania, Hydarabad, India, 1956)" 2745msgstr "" 2746 2747#. type: Content of: <ol><li> 2748#: ../../skycultures/arabic/description.en.utf8:11 2749msgid "" 2750"Al-Marzūqī, Abū ʿAli Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. al-Ḥassan (died 1030), Al-Azminah " 2751"wa al-amkinah (Times and Places), (Arabic print of the original book in " 2752"2002, World of Books, Beirut, Lebanon)." 2753msgstr "" 2754 2755#. type: Content of: <ol><li> 2756#: ../../skycultures/arabic/description.en.utf8:13 2757msgid "" 2758"Al-Ṯaqafī, ʿAbd Allah b. Ḥussayn b. ʿĀṣim (died ~ 1012), Al-Anwāʾ wa al-" 2759"azminah (Meteorology and times), (Arabic print of the original book in 1996," 2760" Dar al-jeel, Beirut, Lebanon)." 2761msgstr "" 2762 2763#. type: Content of: <ol><li> 2764#: ../../skycultures/arabic/description.en.utf8:15 2765msgid "" 2766"<a " 2767"href=\"https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1s6JXzftwjMQ5rgZoGE3718EtBLBZtjzr?usp=sharing\">Book" 2768" of the stars by al-Ṣūfī (died 986): Critical edition with commentary by " 2769"Khalid al-Ajaji, digital edition, 2021 AD</a>" 2770msgstr "" 2771 2772#. type: Content of: <ol><li> 2773#: ../../skycultures/arabic/description.en.utf8:17 2774msgid "" 2775"Al-Farāhīdī, abū ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Ḫalīl b. Aḥmad (died ~ 786 AD), Kitab al-" 2776"ʿayn, a lexicon titled: The book of ʿayn (Arabic letter العين), (Arabic " 2777"print of the original book, 1980 – 1985)." 2778msgstr "" 2779 2780#. type: Content of: <ol><li> 2781#: ../../skycultures/arabic/description.en.utf8:19 2782msgid "" 2783"Instructions Nautiques et Routiers Arabes et Portugais , I , Ibn Majid, " 2784"Gabriel Ferrand, 1921 -1923." 2785msgstr "" 2786 2787#. type: Content of: <ol><li> 2788#: ../../skycultures/arabic/description.en.utf8:21 2789msgid "" 2790"Instructions Nautiques et Routiers Arabes et Portugais , II, Sulayman al-" 2791"Mahri et Ibn Majid, Gabriel Ferrand, 1925." 2792msgstr "" 2793 2794#. type: Content of: <p> 2795#: ../../skycultures/arabic/description.en.utf8:25 2796msgid "" 2797"The ancient Arabs gave names to single stars, star couples, an area in the " 2798"sky, and particular shape of a group of stars. Single stars were named " 2799"after a human figure or a desert animal, Arcturus is al-Simāk al-Rāmiḥ, " 2800"meaning: The High one with the spear. Canopus is Suhayl, a proper name of a " 2801"man. We have also stars named: The Caracal and the Kid (the young goat). If" 2802" two stars of comparable brightness are close to each other, they are given " 2803"a common name like: The two Calves, the Two Wolves, The Two doves. " 2804"Sometimes an area is named after a group of animals. The brighter stars are " 2805"adult animals, and the faint ones are the young animals like: The Hyenas and" 2806" their youngsters, The horses and the foals. Particular shapes of stars " 2807"were given names like the Scorpion, The lion, al-Ǧawzā’ which is a proper " 2808"name of a woman for Orion stars. Other asterisms are given names according " 2809"to legends and stories." 2810msgstr "" 2811 2812#. type: Content of: <p> 2813#: ../../skycultures/arabic/description.en.utf8:33 2814msgid "Khalid al-Ajaji: turath.alfalak@gmail.com" 2815msgstr "" 2816 2817#. type: Content of: <p> 2818#: ../../skycultures/arabic/description.en.utf8:35 2819msgid "" 2820"Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)." 2821" The author wishes that this work be cited according to the common rules." 2822msgstr "" 2823 2824#. type: Content of: <p> 2825#: ../../skycultures/arabic/description.en.utf8:36 2826msgid "" 2827"[1]: Ibn Qutaybah (Arabic ابن قتيبة) (b. 828 d. 884 or 889), Kitab al-Anwā’a" 2828" (Arabic الأنواء في مواسم العرب), (Arabic print of the original book in 1956" 2829" in India Hydarabad al-Dakan), page: يد." 2830msgstr "" 2831 2832#. type: Content of: <p> 2833#: ../../skycultures/arabic/description.en.utf8:37 2834msgid "" 2835"[2]: <a " 2836"href=\"https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1s6JXzftwjMQ5rgZoGE3718EtBLBZtjzr?usp=sharing\">Book" 2837" of the Stars: Critical edition with commentary by Khalid al-Ajaji, digital " 2838"edition</a>" 2839msgstr "" 2840 2841#. type: Content of: <h1> 2842#: ../../skycultures/arabic_lunar_stations/description.en.utf8:1 2843msgid "Arabic Lunar Stations" 2844msgstr "" 2845 2846#. type: Content of: <p> 2847#: ../../skycultures/arabic_lunar_stations/description.en.utf8:3 2848msgid "" 2849"The Arabic lunar stations describes the 28 sky areas chosen in ancient " 2850"Arabia to define the daily location of the moon during its monthly trip " 2851"around the sky." 2852msgstr "" 2853 2854#. type: Content of: <h4> 2855#: ../../skycultures/arabic_lunar_stations/description.en.utf8:5 2856msgid "Historical Overview" 2857msgstr "Visión xeral histórica" 2858 2859#. type: Content of: <p> 2860#: ../../skycultures/arabic_lunar_stations/description.en.utf8:6 2861msgid "" 2862"Originally, <em>Manāzil al-Qamar</em>, the Arabic for the lunar mansions, or" 2863" stations of the moon, were a system of 28 stars, group of stars, or spots " 2864"in the sky near which the moon can be found in each of the 28 nights of its " 2865"monthly revolution. Early mentions of the complete list of the lunar " 2866"stations are reported by ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Ḥabīb (d. 852) on the authority " 2867"of Mālik ibn Anas (d. 795) <sup><a href=\"#footnote-1\">[1]</a></sup>. " 2868"However, this system had been adopted already in the pre-Islamic period, " 2869"prior to the 7th century of the common era." 2870msgstr "" 2871 2872#. type: Content of: <p> 2873#: ../../skycultures/arabic_lunar_stations/description.en.utf8:9 2874msgid "" 2875"Using heliacal observations, the asterisms of the lunar mansions served to " 2876"divide the sidereal and solar year of 365 days into 28 periods of 13 days " 2877"each except for one period that is given 14 days. These 28 periods are " 2878"called <em>Anwāʾ</em>, plural of <em>nawʾ</em>. Each <em>Nawʾ</em> is " 2879"determined by a characteristical star: when this star rises in the morning " 2880"during dawn (in the east, so, shortly before the Sun), this is the beginning" 2881" of the next <em>nawʾ</em>. The name of the <em>nawʾ</em> (period of time, " 2882"half month), gives the lunar mansion its name. One complete cycle of setting" 2883" and rising for each of the 28 lunar mansions, one after the other, makes a " 2884"solar year. This system was used to determine the seasons and predict " 2885"weather, especially rain <sup><a href=\"#footnote-2\">[2]</a></sup>. The " 2886"Arabs said: each <em>nawʾ</em> (period of 13/14 days) is characterized by a " 2887"distinctive weather pattern of rain, wind, and temperature <sup><a " 2888"href=\"#footnote-3\">[3]</a></sup>." 2889msgstr "" 2890 2891#. type: Content of: <p> 2892#: ../../skycultures/arabic_lunar_stations/description.en.utf8:11 2893msgid "" 2894"A detailed description of the stars of each lunar mansion, the times of " 2895"their heliacal rising and a compilation of astronomical and meteorological " 2896"knowledge of the ancient Arabs can be found in the <em>Book of " 2897"meteorology</em> (Arabic: Kitāb al-anwāʾ), authored by Ibn Qutaybah (b. 828 " 2898"- d. 884 or 889). Copies of this book manuscripts survived, and it was " 2899"printed in India in 1956 <sup><a href=\"#footnote-4\">[4]</a></sup>." 2900msgstr "" 2901 2902#. type: Content of: <p> 2903#: ../../skycultures/arabic_lunar_stations/description.en.utf8:14 2904msgid "" 2905"The usage of the lunar mansions continued to schedule the times of " 2906"agricultural, travel and medicine practices. Due to the importance of " 2907"observing the times of their heliacal risings, short treatises have been " 2908"written, and poems have been composed describing the asterisms of the 28 " 2909"mansions. A poem dedicated to description of the stars of the lunar mansions" 2910" was published by Gustave-Adolphe de Calassanti-Motylinski in 1899 in his " 2911"book <em>Les mansions lunaires chez les Arabes</em>, attributed to Muḥammad " 2912"al-Maqri (1578-1638) <sup><a href=\"#footnote-5\">[5]</a></sup><sup><a " 2913"href=\"#footnote-6\">[6]</a></sup>. A sample treatise is the one written by " 2914"Shaikh Ṣāliḥ al-Shethrī (d. ~1891), titled <em>A time-table for farmers</em>" 2915" <sup><a href=\"#footnote-7\">[7]</a></sup>." 2916msgstr "" 2917 2918#. type: Content of: <h4> 2919#: ../../skycultures/arabic_lunar_stations/description.en.utf8:16 2920msgid "Current Usage of Lunar Stations" 2921msgstr "" 2922 2923#. type: Content of: <p> 2924#: ../../skycultures/arabic_lunar_stations/description.en.utf8:18 2925msgid "" 2926"Agricultural almanacs based on the heliacal rising of lunar stations are " 2927"still in active use today. The official calendar of Saudi Arabia includes " 2928"these times <sup><a href=\"#footnote-8\">[8]</a></sup>. The following is an " 2929"example of the use of a calendar based on the lunar stations for the 13 days" 2930" period starting with the rise of the 3rd lunar station <em>al-Thurayya</em>" 2931" (Pleiades) on June 7th <sup><a href=\"#footnote-9\">[9]</a></sup>:" 2932msgstr "" 2933 2934#. type: Content of: <p><blockquote> 2935#: ../../skycultures/arabic_lunar_stations/description.en.utf8:20 2936msgid "" 2937"Weather gets hotter and wind gets stronger. Wild grasses dry. Water in wells" 2938" gets shallower. Rain is rare during this time. Spring insects start to " 2939"disappear. Palm tree dates starts to get its colors. It is recommended to " 2940"irrigate trees with the right amounts and stop irrigation of vines when " 2941"grapes start to get its color." 2942msgstr "" 2943 2944#. type: Content of: <h4> 2945#: ../../skycultures/arabic_lunar_stations/description.en.utf8:23 2946msgid "Identification of the Lunar Stations" 2947msgstr "" 2948 2949#. type: Content of: <p> 2950#: ../../skycultures/arabic_lunar_stations/description.en.utf8:24 2951msgid "" 2952"Ibn Qutaybah (b. 828 - d. 884 or 889) in his book <em>Kitāb al-anwāʾ</em> " 2953"gives detailed description of the stars of each lunar station while an " 2954"accurate identification can be extracted from the <em>Book of Stars</em> by " 2955"al-Sufi (d. 986). In his book, al-Sufi maps the stars known to ancient Arabs" 2956" to those of the Ptolemaic Constellations. An example of al-Sufi " 2957"definitions of the stars of the lunar mansions, here is the definition of " 2958"<em>al-Ġafr</em> <sup><a href=\"#footnote-10\">[10]</a></sup><sup><a " 2959"href=\"#footnote-11\">[11]</a></sup>:" 2960msgstr "" 2961 2962#. type: Content of: <p><blockquote> 2963#: ../../skycultures/arabic_lunar_stations/description.en.utf8:27 2964msgid "" 2965"And the 22nd [star of Virgo] and the 23rd which is on the tail [hem of the " 2966"garment] with the 25th on the left foot [of Virgo] are named [by the Arabs] " 2967"<em>al-Ghafr</em> which is the 15th lunar mansion." 2968msgstr "" 2969 2970#. type: Content of: <p> 2971#: ../../skycultures/arabic_lunar_stations/description.en.utf8:29 2972msgid "" 2973"Because the stars of the Ptolemaic constellations have known coordinates, it" 2974" is relatively easy to identify the Arab star names." 2975msgstr "" 2976 2977#. type: Content of: <h4> 2978#: ../../skycultures/arabic_lunar_stations/description.en.utf8:31 2979msgid "The 28 lunar stations" 2980msgstr "" 2981 2982#. type: Content of: <ol><li> 2983#: ../../skycultures/arabic_lunar_stations/description.en.utf8:33 2984msgid "" 2985"(Arabic: الشرطان) <em>Al-Sharaṭān</em> (The two signs) or (Arabic: الأشراط) " 2986"<em>\"al-Ashrāṭ\"</em> (The signs) composed of the 3 stars: α Ari (Hamal), β" 2987" Ari (Sheratan) and γ<sup>2</sup> Ari (Mesarthim)" 2988msgstr "" 2989 2990#. type: Content of: <ol><li> 2991#: ../../skycultures/arabic_lunar_stations/description.en.utf8:34 2992msgid "" 2993"(Arabic: البطين) <em>Al-Buṭayn</em> (The small belly [of the little ram]) " 2994"composed of the 3 stars: ε Ari, δ Ari (Botein), and ρ<sup>3</sup> Ari" 2995msgstr "" 2996 2997#. type: Content of: <ol><li> 2998#: ../../skycultures/arabic_lunar_stations/description.en.utf8:35 2999msgid "" 3000"(Arabic: الثريا) <em>Al-Thurayyā</em> (Pleiades) composed of the star " 3001"cluster of the Pleiades" 3002msgstr "" 3003 3004#. type: Content of: <ol><li> 3005#: ../../skycultures/arabic_lunar_stations/description.en.utf8:36 3006msgid "" 3007"(Arabic: الدبران) <em>Al-Dabarān</em> (The Follower [of the Pleiades]) " 3008"composed of the single star α Tau (Aldebaran)" 3009msgstr "" 3010 3011#. type: Content of: <ol><li> 3012#: ../../skycultures/arabic_lunar_stations/description.en.utf8:37 3013msgid "" 3014"(Arabic: الهقعة) <em>Al-Haqʿah</em> (The mark on the horse side) composed of" 3015" the three stars on the head of Orion: λ Ori (Meissa), φ<sup>1</sup> Ori and" 3016" φ<sup>2</sup> Ori" 3017msgstr "" 3018 3019#. type: Content of: <ol><li> 3020#: ../../skycultures/arabic_lunar_stations/description.en.utf8:38 3021msgid "" 3022"(Arabic: الهنعة<em>Al-Hanʿah</em> (The bend in the neck of a camel) composed" 3023" of the 2 stars: γ Gem (Alhena) and ξ Gem" 3024msgstr "" 3025 3026#. type: Content of: <ol><li> 3027#: ../../skycultures/arabic_lunar_stations/description.en.utf8:39 3028msgid "" 3029"(Arabic: الذراع) <em>Al-Dhirāʾ</em> (Retracted arm [of the lion]) composed " 3030"of the 2 stars: α CMi (Procyon) and β CMi (Gomeisa)" 3031msgstr "" 3032 3033#. type: Content of: <ol><li> 3034#: ../../skycultures/arabic_lunar_stations/description.en.utf8:40 3035msgid "" 3036"(Arabic: النثرة) <em>Al-Nathrah</em> (The tip of the nose of the lion) " 3037"composed of the Praesepe cluster and the 2 stars: γ Cnc (Asellus Borealis) " 3038"and δ Cnc (Asellus Australis)" 3039msgstr "" 3040 3041#. type: Content of: <ol><li> 3042#: ../../skycultures/arabic_lunar_stations/description.en.utf8:41 3043msgid "" 3044"(Arabic: الطرف) <em>Al-Ṭarf</em> (The eyes of the lion) composed of the 2 " 3045"stars: ε Leo and ο Leo (Subra)" 3046msgstr "" 3047 3048#. type: Content of: <ol><li> 3049#: ../../skycultures/arabic_lunar_stations/description.en.utf8:42 3050msgid "" 3051"(Arabic: الجبهة) <em>Al-Ǧabhah</em> (The forehead of the lion) composed of 4" 3052" stars: ζ Leo (Adhafera), γ<sup>1</sup> Leo (Algieba), η Leo and α Leo " 3053"(Regulus)" 3054msgstr "" 3055 3056#. type: Content of: <ol><li> 3057#: ../../skycultures/arabic_lunar_stations/description.en.utf8:43 3058msgid "" 3059"(Arabic: الزبرة) <em>Al-Zubrah</em> (The mane of the lion) composed of the 2" 3060" stars: δ Leo (Zosma) and θ Leo (Chertan)" 3061msgstr "" 3062 3063#. type: Content of: <ol><li> 3064#: ../../skycultures/arabic_lunar_stations/description.en.utf8:44 3065msgid "" 3066"(Arabic: الصرفة) <em>Al-Ṣarfah</em> (The change to colder weather) composed " 3067"of one star: β Leo (Denebola)" 3068msgstr "" 3069 3070#. type: Content of: <ol><li> 3071#: ../../skycultures/arabic_lunar_stations/description.en.utf8:45 3072msgid "" 3073"(Arabic: العوا) <em>Al-ʿAwwā</em> (The bend) composed of 5 stars: β Vir " 3074"(Zavijava), η Vir (Zaniah), γ Vir (Porrima), δ Vir and ε Vir (Vindemiatrix)" 3075msgstr "" 3076 3077#. type: Content of: <ol><li> 3078#: ../../skycultures/arabic_lunar_stations/description.en.utf8:46 3079msgid "" 3080"(Arabic: السماك) <em>Al-Simāk</em> (The unarmed high one) composed of the " 3081"star α Vir (Spica)" 3082msgstr "" 3083 3084#. type: Content of: <ol><li> 3085#: ../../skycultures/arabic_lunar_stations/description.en.utf8:47 3086msgid "" 3087"(Arabic: الغفر) <em>Al-Ġafr</em> (The cover) composed of 3 stars: ι Vir " 3088"(Syrma), κ Vir and λ Vir" 3089msgstr "" 3090 3091#. type: Content of: <ol><li> 3092#: ../../skycultures/arabic_lunar_stations/description.en.utf8:48 3093msgid "" 3094"(Arabic: الزبانى) <em>Al-Zubānā</em> (The claws of the scorpion) composed " 3095"of the 2 stars: α<sup>2</sup> Lib (Zubenelgenubi) and β Lib (Zubeneschamali)" 3096msgstr "" 3097 3098#. type: Content of: <ol><li> 3099#: ../../skycultures/arabic_lunar_stations/description.en.utf8:49 3100msgid "" 3101"(Arabic: الإكليل) <em>Al-Iklīl</em> (The ornamented headband, The diadem) " 3102"composed of the 3 stars: β<sup>1</sup> Sco (Acrab), δ Sco (Dschubba) and π " 3103"Sco." 3104msgstr "" 3105 3106#. type: Content of: <ol><li> 3107#: ../../skycultures/arabic_lunar_stations/description.en.utf8:50 3108msgid "" 3109"(Arabic: القلب) <em>Al-Qalb</em> (The heart of the scorpion) composed of " 3110"the star α Sco (Antares)" 3111msgstr "" 3112 3113#. type: Content of: <ol><li> 3114#: ../../skycultures/arabic_lunar_stations/description.en.utf8:51 3115msgid "" 3116"(Arabic: الشولة) <em>Al-Shawlah</em> (The sting of the scorpion) composed " 3117"of the 2 stars: λ Sco (Shaula) and υ Sco (Lesath)" 3118msgstr "" 3119 3120#. type: Content of: <ol><li> 3121#: ../../skycultures/arabic_lunar_stations/description.en.utf8:52 3122msgid "" 3123"(Arabic: النعائم) <em>Al-Naʿaʾim</em> (The Ostriches) 8 stars: γ2 Sgr, δ " 3124"Sgr, ε Sgr, η Sgr, σ Sgr, φ Sgr, τ Sgr, and ζ Sgr" 3125msgstr "" 3126 3127#. type: Content of: <ol><li> 3128#: ../../skycultures/arabic_lunar_stations/description.en.utf8:53 3129msgid "" 3130"(Arabic: البلدة<em>Al-Baldah</em> (The empty area) is the area where there " 3131"are no stars (between <em>al-Naayem</em> and <em>Saad al-Thabih</em>)" 3132msgstr "" 3133 3134#. type: Content of: <ol><li> 3135#: ../../skycultures/arabic_lunar_stations/description.en.utf8:54 3136msgid "" 3137"(Arabic: سعد الذابح) <em>Saʿd al-Dhābiḥ</em> (The lucky star of the " 3138"Slaughterer) composed of the 3 stars: α<sup>1</sup> Cap (Algedi), β Cap " 3139"(Dabih), and ν Cap" 3140msgstr "" 3141 3142#. type: Content of: <ol><li> 3143#: ../../skycultures/arabic_lunar_stations/description.en.utf8:55 3144msgid "" 3145"(Arabic: سعد بلع) <em>Saʿd Bulaʿ</em> (The lucky star of the swallower) " 3146"composed of the 3 stars: ν Aqr, μ Aqr and ε Aqr (Albali)" 3147msgstr "" 3148 3149#. type: Content of: <ol><li> 3150#: ../../skycultures/arabic_lunar_stations/description.en.utf8:56 3151msgid "" 3152"(Arabic: سعد السعود) <em>Saʿd al-Suʿūd</em> (The luckiest of the lucky " 3153"stars) composed of the 3 stars: β Aqr (Sadalsuud), ξ Aqr and λ Cap" 3154msgstr "" 3155 3156#. type: Content of: <ol><li> 3157#: ../../skycultures/arabic_lunar_stations/description.en.utf8:57 3158msgid "" 3159"(Arabic: سعد الأخبية) <em>Saʿd al-Aḫbiyah</em> (The lucky stars of the tent" 3160" dwellers) composed of the 4 stars: γ Aqr (Sadachbia), π Aqr, ζ<sup>2</sup> " 3161"Aqr and η Aqr" 3162msgstr "" 3163 3164#. type: Content of: <ol><li> 3165#: ../../skycultures/arabic_lunar_stations/description.en.utf8:58 3166msgid "" 3167"(Arabic: المقدم) <em>Al-Muqaddam</em> (The front bucket mouth) composed of " 3168"the 2 stars: α And (Alpheratz) and γ Peg (Algenib)" 3169msgstr "" 3170 3171#. type: Content of: <ol><li> 3172#: ../../skycultures/arabic_lunar_stations/description.en.utf8:59 3173msgid "" 3174"(Arabic: المؤخر) <em>Al-Muʾaḫar</em> (The rear bucket mouth) composed of " 3175"the 2 stars: β Peg (Scheat) and α Peg (Markab)" 3176msgstr "" 3177 3178#. type: Content of: <ol><li> 3179#: ../../skycultures/arabic_lunar_stations/description.en.utf8:60 3180msgid "" 3181"(Arabic: الرشاء أو الحوت) <em>Al-Rishāʾ</em> or <em>al-Ḥūt</em> (The rope " 3182"of the well bucket or The Fish) composed of the star β And (Mirach) and two " 3183"arcs of stars making a figure of a fish" 3184msgstr "" 3185 3186#. type: Content of: <h5> 3187#: ../../skycultures/arabic_lunar_stations/description.en.utf8:62 3188msgid "The Super lion and al-Ǧawzāʾ figures of the ancient Arab star lore" 3189msgstr "" 3190 3191#. type: Content of: <p> 3192#: ../../skycultures/arabic_lunar_stations/description.en.utf8:64 3193msgid "" 3194"One may notice from the names of the 7th to the 15th lunar stations that " 3195"they are part of a lion figure. This Arab lion figure covers around 100 " 3196"degrees, a little bit more than half of the sky dome. From the names of " 3197"these stars a lion figure can be constructed." 3198msgstr "" 3199 3200#. type: Content of: <p> 3201#: ../../skycultures/arabic_lunar_stations/description.en.utf8:67 3202msgid "" 3203"Two of the lunar stations, <em>al-Haqʿah</em> and <em>al-Hanʿah</em>, are " 3204"part of al-Ǧawzāʾ stars. al-Ǧawzāʾ is the figure covering Orion plus some " 3205"stars around it. The ancient Arabs imagined these stars as a figure of a " 3206"woman with a bow and arrow aimed at the lion (an image, probably influenced " 3207"from Roman Egypt: see depiction on Denderah zodiac which shows Babylonian as" 3208" well as Greek traces of constellations). Mr. Roland Laffitte discussed " 3209"these two figures and offered a depiction of each in his article: <a " 3210"href=\"http://www.muslimheritage.com/article/our-arab-heritage-celestial-" 3211"vault\">Our Arab Heritage in the CelestialVault</a>. A more detailed " 3212"discussion of ancient Arab star lore is found in his book: "Le Ciel des" 3213" Arabes" <sup><a href=\"#footnote-12\">[12]</a></sup>." 3214msgstr "" 3215 3216#. type: Content of: <p> 3217#: ../../skycultures/arabic_lunar_stations/description.en.utf8:70 3218msgid "" 3219"In addition to the lunar stations, the prominent indigenous Arab asterisms " 3220"have been added." 3221msgstr "" 3222 3223#. type: Content of: <p> 3224#: ../../skycultures/arabic_lunar_stations/description.en.utf8:73 3225msgid "" 3226"Khalid al-Ajaji with additional documentation of this file by Susanne M " 3227"Hoffmann." 3228msgstr "" 3229 3230#. type: Content of: <p> 3231#: ../../skycultures/arabic_lunar_stations/description.en.utf8:78 3232msgid "" 3233"[1]: Kunitzsch P. The Arabs and the Stars, Variorum reprints Northampton " 3234"1989, Al-Manazil, Item XX pp 1-7." 3235msgstr "" 3236 3237#. type: Content of: <p> 3238#: ../../skycultures/arabic_lunar_stations/description.en.utf8:79 3239msgid "" 3240"[2]: Helaine Selin, Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and" 3241" Medicine in Non-Western Cultures, Lunar Mansions in Islamic History, " 3242"Kunitzsch P. p 520" 3243msgstr "" 3244 3245#. type: Content of: <p> 3246#: ../../skycultures/arabic_lunar_stations/description.en.utf8:80 3247msgid "" 3248"[3]: Ibn Qutaybah (b. 828 d. 884 or 889), Kitab al-Anwā’, pp 6,7 (Arabic " 3249"print of the original book in 1956 in India Hydarabad/Deccan)" 3250msgstr "" 3251 3252#. type: Content of: <p> 3253#: ../../skycultures/arabic_lunar_stations/description.en.utf8:81 3254msgid "" 3255"[4]: Helaine Selin, Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and" 3256" Medicine in Non-Western Cultures, Ibn Qutayba, Kunitzsch P. p 429" 3257msgstr "" 3258 3259#. type: Content of: <p> 3260#: ../../skycultures/arabic_lunar_stations/description.en.utf8:82 3261msgid "" 3262"[5]: Ta̕rīf manāzil alkamar, Les mansions lunaires des Arabes; Muhammad " 3263"al-Mukrī.; A de Calassanti-Motylinski published in Alger, Imprimerie " 3264"orientale, 1899." 3265msgstr "" 3266 3267#. type: Content of: <p> 3268#: ../../skycultures/arabic_lunar_stations/description.en.utf8:83 3269msgid "" 3270"[6]: <a href=\"http://www.uranos.fr/DOCU_03_T03.htm\">Muhammad al-Muqrī " 3271"poem</a>" 3272msgstr "" 3273 3274#. type: Content of: <p> 3275#: ../../skycultures/arabic_lunar_stations/description.en.utf8:84 3276msgid "" 3277"[7]: Salih al-Shethri, Timetable for farmers <em>Jadwal fi ilm al-harth ala " 3278"hisaab al-shuthoor</em> (جدول في علم الحرث على حساب الشثور) ISBN " 3279"9960-49-971-5" 3280msgstr "" 3281 3282#. type: Content of: <p> 3283#: ../../skycultures/arabic_lunar_stations/description.en.utf8:85 3284msgid "" 3285"[8]: <a href=\"http://www.ummulqura.org.sa/\">Official Calendar</a> of the " 3286"Kingdom of Saudi Arabia" 3287msgstr "" 3288 3289#. type: Content of: <p> 3290#: ../../skycultures/arabic_lunar_stations/description.en.utf8:86 3291msgid "" 3292"[9]: Moon stations and Agriculture seasons. A bulletin by the Agriculture " 3293"Administration of the Chamber of Commerce in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. 2002" 3294msgstr "" 3295 3296#. type: Content of: <p> 3297#: ../../skycultures/arabic_lunar_stations/description.en.utf8:87 3298msgid "" 3299"[10]: Book of the Stars by al-Sufi (died 986): Critical edition with " 3300"commentary by Khalid AlAjaji, digital edition, 2021 AD, كتاب الكواكب لأبي " 3301"الحسين عبد الرحمن بن عمر الرازي المعروف بالصوفي (291-376)، تحقيق خالد بن عبد" 3302" الله ." 3303msgstr "" 3304 3305#. type: Content of: <p> 3306#: ../../skycultures/arabic_lunar_stations/description.en.utf8:88 3307msgid "" 3308"[11]: Schjellerup, Description des etoiles fixes, 1874, p. 163. (Translation" 3309" into French)" 3310msgstr "" 3311 3312#. type: Content of: <p> 3313#: ../../skycultures/arabic_lunar_stations/description.en.utf8:89 3314msgid "[12]: Laffitte, Roland, Le Ciel des Arabes, Geuthner, Paris 2012" 3315msgstr "" 3316 3317#. type: Content of: <h3> 3318#: ../../skycultures/aztec/description.en.utf8:1 3319msgid "Aztec" 3320msgstr "Azteca" 3321 3322#. type: Content of: <p> 3323#: ../../skycultures/aztec/description.en.utf8:2 3324msgid "" 3325"For ancient aztecs, the knowledge of the night skies and stars movement had " 3326"great importance for their calendars and the measurement of both " 3327"agricultural and sacred cycles. However, great part of this knowledge was " 3328"lost as consequence of the Spanish conquest which occurred on continental " 3329"America in the 16th century." 3330msgstr "" 3331"Para os aztecas antigos o coñecemento do ceo nocturno e o movemento das " 3332"estrelas tivo unha gran importancia para os seus calendarios e a medición de" 3333" ciclos agrícolas e sagrados. Non obstante, gran parte deste coñecemento " 3334"perdeuse como consecuencia da conquista española ocorrida en América " 3335"continental no século XVI." 3336 3337#. type: Content of: <p> 3338#: ../../skycultures/aztec/description.en.utf8:3 3339msgid "" 3340"The elements of the Aztec society such as culture, economy and science is " 3341"preserved in the <em>tlacuilos</em>, word that comes from the ancient " 3342"Nahuatl word <em>tlacuiloa</em>, which means <em>writing with drawings</em>." 3343" These Tlacuilos where stored in the <em>amoxcalli</em>, meaning amoxtli: " 3344"books and calli: house. Later their became known as <em>codices</em>; a word" 3345" that came from the Latin word Codex which means written book." 3346msgstr "" 3347"Os elementos da sociedade azteca como a cultura, a economía e a ciencia " 3348"consérvanse no <em>tlacuilos</em>, palabra que deriva da antiga palabra " 3349"nahuatl <em>tlacuiloa</em>, que significa <em>escribindo con debuxos</em>. " 3350"Estes Tlacuilos están almacenados no <em>amoxcalli</em>, significando " 3351"amoxtli: libros e calli: casa. Máis tarde coñecéronse os <em>codices</em>; " 3352"esta palabra vén do latín Codex que significa libro escrito." 3353 3354#. type: Content of: <p> 3355#: ../../skycultures/aztec/description.en.utf8:4 3356msgid "" 3357"After the Spanish conquest many of the pre-hispanic Codexes where destroyed," 3358" their main feature is that their where drawn in many different materials " 3359"such as deer skin, <em>amate</em> paper or cotton fabric and they had no " 3360"text only draws or <em>glifos</em>. However the collection of Mesoamerican " 3361"customs continued prior to the Spanish conquest thanks to the work of some " 3362"native indians and some Spanish priests, this codexes are known as Colonial " 3363"Codexes and there is a change of the way of drawing because of the new " 3364"techniques of drawing and the new materials imported from Europe, also " 3365"because of the incorporation of descriptive text both in Spanish and " 3366"Nahuatl." 3367msgstr "" 3368"Despois da conquista española, moitos dos códices prehispánicos foron " 3369"destruídos, a súa característica principal é que se atoparon en moitos " 3370"materiais diferentes, como a pel de cervo, <em>amate</em> papel ou tea de " 3371"algodón e non tiñan só texto, senón tamén debuxos ou <em>glifos</em>. Non " 3372"obstante, a colección de costumes mesoamericanos continuou con anterioridade" 3373" á conquista española grazas ao traballo dalgúns indíxenas nativos e algúns " 3374"sacerdotes españois, estes códices son coñecidos como Códices coloniais e " 3375"hai un cambio na forma de debuxar por mor das novas técnicas de debuxo e os " 3376"novos materiais importados de Europa, tamén pola incorporación de texto " 3377"descritivo tanto en castelán como nahuatl." 3378 3379#. type: Content of: <h5> 3380#: ../../skycultures/aztec/description.en.utf8:6 3381msgid "<em>Astronomical building</em>" 3382msgstr "<em>Edificcación astronómica</em>" 3383 3384#. type: Content of: <p> 3385#: ../../skycultures/aztec/description.en.utf8:7 3386msgid "" 3387"Sadly, the Aztec astronomical knowledge in the remaining codexes is really " 3388"small. The next image is one of the few that names some constellations and " 3389"astronomical phenomena identified by the Aztec, it belong to the " 3390"<em>Primeros Memoriales</em> (first memorials), which is a colonial " 3391"manuscript of the 16th century written by Fray Bernardino de Sahagun." 3392msgstr "" 3393"Por desgraza, o coñecemento astronómico azteca nos códices restantes é " 3394"realmente pequeno. A seguinte imaxe é unha das poucas que nomea algunhas " 3395"constelacións e fenómenos astronómicos identificados polos aztecas. Pertence" 3396" a <em>Primeros Memoriales</em> (primeiros memoriais), que é un manuscrito " 3397"colonial do século 16 escrito por Fray Bernardino de Sahagún." 3398 3399#. type: Content of: <p> 3400#: ../../skycultures/aztec/description.en.utf8:9 3401msgid "" 3402"Now, in this work we have an explanation of some Aztec stellar figures for " 3403"Stellarium." 3404msgstr "" 3405"Agora, neste traballo temos unha explicación dalgunhas figuras estelares " 3406"aztecas para Stellarium." 3407 3408#. type: Content of: <h4> 3409#: ../../skycultures/aztec/description.en.utf8:10 3410msgid "<em>Mamalhuaztli</em>" 3411msgstr "<em>Mamalhuaztli</em>" 3412 3413#. type: Content of: <p> 3414#: ../../skycultures/aztec/description.en.utf8:11 3415msgid "" 3416"Ancient Aztec identified the Orion's Belt as Mamalhuaztli, and it " 3417"represented the wood sticks used to light the new fire in the commemoration " 3418"celebrated every 52 years by the Mexicans and their neighbors named " 3419"<em>toxiuh molpilia</em> which means binding of the years and coincided with" 3420" the beginning of the new year named <em>xiuhtzitzquilo</em>." 3421msgstr "" 3422"Os antigos aztecas identificaban o cinto de Orión como Mamalhuaztli, e " 3423"representaban os paus de madeira empregados para acender o novo lume na " 3424"conmemoración que celebran os mexicanos e os seus veciños cada 52 anos, " 3425"chamados <em>toxiuh molpilia</em> que significa a unión dos anos e coincidiu" 3426" co comezo do novo ano chamado <em>xiuhtzitzquilo</em>." 3427 3428#. type: Content of: <h4> 3429#: ../../skycultures/aztec/description.en.utf8:13 3430msgid "<em>Tianquiztli</em>" 3431msgstr "<em>Tianquiztli</em>" 3432 3433#. type: Content of: <p> 3434#: ../../skycultures/aztec/description.en.utf8:14 3435msgid "" 3436"The group of stars that we know as Pleiades symbolized for the Mexicas " 3437"<em>Tianquiztli</em>, which means market, perhaps because of the crowd that " 3438"gathers on them, they're generally represented by one or two people inside a" 3439" circle with goods." 3440msgstr "" 3441"O grupo de estrelas que coñecemos como Pléiades simbolizaba para os " 3442"mexicas<em>Tianquiztli</em>, o que significa mercado, quizais por mor da " 3443"multitude que se reúne, normalmente están representados por unha ou dúas " 3444"persoas dentro dun círculo con mercadorías." 3445 3446#. type: Content of: <p> 3447#: ../../skycultures/aztec/description.en.utf8:16 3448msgid "" 3449"Currently, in Mexico the informal market or street markets are called " 3450"<em>Tianguis</em>." 3451msgstr "" 3452"Na actualidade en México o mercado informal ou mercados de rúa chámanse " 3453"<em>Tianguis</em>." 3454 3455#. type: Content of: <h4> 3456#: ../../skycultures/aztec/description.en.utf8:17 3457msgid "<em>Citlaltlachtli</em>" 3458msgstr "<em>Citlaltlachtli</em>" 3459 3460#. type: Content of: <p> 3461#: ../../skycultures/aztec/description.en.utf8:18 3462msgid "" 3463"The constellation of Gemini was called <em>Citlaltlachtli</em>, which means " 3464"the ball game of the stars. This game was endowed with a ritual significance" 3465" and used a natural rubber ball. It is said that the movement of the ball " 3466"within the playing field refers to the movement of the sun and moon." 3467msgstr "" 3468"A constelación de Gemini foi chamada <em>Citlaltlachtli</em>, que significa " 3469"o xogo de pelota das estrelas. Este xogo estaba dotado dun significado " 3470"ritual e usaba unha bola de goma natural. Dise que o movemento da pelota " 3471"dentro do terreo de xogo refírese ao movemento do sol e da lúa." 3472 3473#. type: Content of: <h4> 3474#: ../../skycultures/aztec/description.en.utf8:19 3475msgid "<em>Xonecuilli</em>" 3476msgstr "<em>Xonecuilli</em>" 3477 3478#. type: Content of: <p> 3479#: ../../skycultures/aztec/description.en.utf8:20 3480msgid "" 3481"The Ursa Minor constellation is identified as <em>Xonecuilli</em> which " 3482"means twisted foot, and is related to Nanahuatzin, this character is " 3483"represented with twisted feet, filled with boils and sores, this sick and " 3484"poor God sacrificed himself to become <em>Tonatiuh</em> the Sun god." 3485msgstr "" 3486"A constelación da Ursa Minor identifícase como <em>Xonecuilli</em> que " 3487"significa un pé torcido, e está relacionado con Nanahuatzin, este personaxe " 3488"represéntase con pés retorcidos, cheos de furúnculos e chagas, este Deus " 3489"enfermo e pobre sacrificouse a si mesmo para converterse en " 3490"<em>Tonatiuh</em> o deus Sol." 3491 3492#. type: Content of: <p> 3493#: ../../skycultures/aztec/description.en.utf8:22 3494msgid "" 3495"Apparently, this constellation can also be associated with the Southern " 3496"Cross and its surrounding stars as is referred by <em>Tezozomoc</em>. For " 3497"its part, Sahagun speaks of his resemblance to bread made in the form of " 3498"letter S and called by the Aztecs <em>xonecuilli</em>." 3499msgstr "" 3500"Ao parecer, esta constelación tamén pode estar asociada coa Cruz Sur e as " 3501"súas estrelas circundantes como refire <em>Tezozomoc</em>. Pola súa parte, " 3502"Sahagún fala da súa semellanza co pan feito en forma de letra S e chamado " 3503"polos aztecas <em>xonecuilli</em>." 3504 3505#. type: Content of: <p> 3506#: ../../skycultures/aztec/description.en.utf8:23 3507msgid "<em>xonecuilli</em>" 3508msgstr "<em>xonecuilli</em>" 3509 3510#. type: Content of: <h4> 3511#: ../../skycultures/aztec/description.en.utf8:24 3512msgid "<em>Citlalcolotl</em>" 3513msgstr "<em>Citlalcolotl</em>" 3514 3515#. type: Content of: <p> 3516#: ../../skycultures/aztec/description.en.utf8:25 3517msgid "" 3518"According to the Florentino Codex Sahagun's informants identified a group of" 3519" stars known as <em>Citlalcolotl</em>, the scorpion star. In turn, Tezozomoc" 3520" also mentions the scorpion star and he called it <em>Colotlixayac</em>, " 3521"which means face of a scorpion." 3522msgstr "" 3523"Segundo os informadores do códice de Florentino Sahagún iidentificouse un " 3524"grupo de estrelas coñecidas como <em>Citlalcolotl</em>, a estrela do " 3525"escorpión. Por outra banda, Tezozomoc tamén menciona a estrela do escorpión " 3526"e chámaa <em>Colotlixayac</em>, que significa a cara do escorpión." 3527 3528#. type: Content of: <h5> 3529#: ../../skycultures/aztec/description.en.utf8:27 3530msgid "<em>Paris Codex</em>" 3531msgstr "<em>Paris Codex</em>" 3532 3533#. type: Content of: <p> 3534#: ../../skycultures/aztec/description.en.utf8:28 3535msgid "" 3536"In a section of the Paris Codex called zodiac pages appears the scorpion, in" 3537" this codex the icons shows figures of animals hanging from the body of the " 3538"Celestial Dragon." 3539msgstr "" 3540"Nunha sección do Codex de París chamada páxinas do zodíaco aparece o " 3541"escorpión, neste códice as iconas mostran figuras de animais colgados do " 3542"corpo do Dragón Celeste." 3543 3544#. type: Content of: <img><p><p><p><p><h3> 3545#: ../../skycultures/aztec/description.en.utf8:29 3546#: ../../skycultures/mongolian/description.en.utf8:237 3547msgid "Conclusion" 3548msgstr "Conclusión" 3549 3550#. type: Content of: <p> 3551#: ../../skycultures/aztec/description.en.utf8:30 3552msgid "" 3553"It is noteworthy that the interpretation of some of these constellations are" 3554" still in discussion, and of course there must be other constellations to " 3555"represent. Any comments and/or collaboration are welcome in order to " 3556"preserve the stellar knowledge and meaning of the Aztec culture." 3557msgstr "" 3558"É de resaltar que a interpretación dalgunhas destas constelacións aínda está" 3559" en discusión, e por suposto ten que haber outras constelacións " 3560"representadas. Todos os comentarios e / ou colaboración son benvidos para " 3561"preservar o coñecemento e significado das estrelas da cultura azteca." 3562 3563#. type: Content of: <h3> 3564#: ../../skycultures/aztec/description.en.utf8:31 3565#: ../../skycultures/belarusian/description.en.utf8:31 3566#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2969 3567#: ../../skycultures/chinese_contemporary/description.en.utf8:14 3568#: ../../skycultures/chinese_medieval/description.en.utf8:29 3569#: ../../skycultures/dakota/description.en.utf8:50 3570#: ../../skycultures/egyptian/description.en.utf8:7 3571#: ../../skycultures/hawaiian_starlines/description.en.utf8:86 3572#: ../../skycultures/inuit/description.en.utf8:25 3573#: ../../skycultures/japanese_moon_stations/description.en.utf8:273 3574#: ../../skycultures/korean/description.en.utf8:7 3575#: ../../skycultures/macedonian/description.en.utf8:62 3576#: ../../skycultures/maori/description.en.utf8:4 3577#: ../../skycultures/navajo/description.en.utf8:6 3578#: ../../skycultures/norse/description.en.utf8:3 3579#: ../../skycultures/ojibwe/description.en.utf8:41 3580#: ../../skycultures/sardinian/description.en.utf8:4 3581#: ../../skycultures/tupi/description.en.utf8:17 3582#: ../../skycultures/vanuatu_netwar/description.en.utf8:53 3583#: ../../skycultures/western/description.en.utf8:14 3584#: ../../skycultures/western_SnT/description.en.utf8:12 3585#: ../../skycultures/western_rey/description.en.utf8:73 3586msgid "External links" 3587msgstr "Ligazóns externas" 3588 3589#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 3590#: ../../skycultures/aztec/description.en.utf8:33 3591msgid "" 3592"<a " 3593"href=\"http://biblioteca.itam.mx/estudios/estudio/letras30/notas3/sec_1.html\">Fuego" 3594" Nuevo</a>" 3595msgstr "" 3596"<a " 3597"href=\"http://biblioteca.itam.mx/estudios/estudio/letras30/notas3/sec_1.html\">Fuego" 3598" Nuevo</a>" 3599 3600#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 3601#: ../../skycultures/aztec/description.en.utf8:34 3602msgid "" 3603"<a href=\"http://www.montero.org.mx/constelaciones.htm\">Constelaciones " 3604"Prehispánicas</a>" 3605msgstr "" 3606"<a href=\"http://www.montero.org.mx/constelaciones.htm\">Constelaciones " 3607"Prehispánicas</a>" 3608 3609#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 3610#: ../../skycultures/aztec/description.en.utf8:35 3611msgid "" 3612"<a href=\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/660290?origin=JSTOR-pdf\">The Question" 3613" of the Zodiac in America</a>" 3614msgstr "" 3615"<a href=\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/660290?origin=JSTOR-pdf\">The Question" 3616" of the Zodiac in America</a>" 3617 3618#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 3619#: ../../skycultures/aztec/description.en.utf8:37 3620msgid "" 3621"<a " 3622"href=\"http://www.windows2universe.org/mythology/aztec_culture.html\">Aztec " 3623"Mythology</a>" 3624msgstr "" 3625"<a " 3626"href=\"http://www.windows2universe.org/mythology/aztec_culture.html\">Aztec " 3627"Mythology</a>" 3628 3629#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 3630#: ../../skycultures/aztec/description.en.utf8:38 3631msgid "" 3632"<a href=\"http://www.iconio.com/ABCD/F/INDEX.PDF\">Los códices de " 3633"México</a>" 3634msgstr "" 3635"<a href=\"http://www.iconio.com/ABCD/F/INDEX.PDF\">Los códices de " 3636"México</a>" 3637 3638#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 3639#: ../../skycultures/aztec/description.en.utf8:39 3640msgid "" 3641"<a " 3642"href=\"http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3dices_coloniales_de_M%C3%A9xico\">Los" 3643" códices coloniales de México</a>" 3644msgstr "" 3645"<a " 3646"href=\"http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3dices_coloniales_de_M%C3%A9xico\">Los" 3647" códices coloniales de México</a>" 3648 3649#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 3650#: ../../skycultures/aztec/description.en.utf8:41 3651msgid "" 3652"<a " 3653"href=\"http://www.traduccionliteraria.org/1611/esc/america/sahagun.htm\">Real" 3654" cédula prohibiendo la historia general de las cosas de Nueva " 3655"España de Fray Bernardino de Sahagún</a>" 3656msgstr "" 3657"<a " 3658"href=\"http://www.traduccionliteraria.org/1611/esc/america/sahagun.htm\">Real" 3659" cédula prohibiendo la historia general de las cosas de Nueva " 3660"España de Fray Bernardino de Sahagún</a>" 3661 3662#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 3663#: ../../skycultures/aztec/description.en.utf8:44 3664msgid "" 3665"<a href=\"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Akapochtli\">Akapochtli</a>" 3666msgstr "" 3667"<a href=\"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Akapochtli\">Akapochtli</a>" 3668 3669#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 3670#: ../../skycultures/aztec/description.en.utf8:45 3671msgid "" 3672"<a " 3673"href=\"http://books.google.com.mx/books?id=kxPjdY1PJjEC&pg=PA118&lpg=PA118&dq=Colotlixayac&source=bl&ots=F6xlTU1rer&sig=9q_8ApdMTw5l9kagolArj5cPSMk&hl=es&ei=xoMeS8ToJoS1tgfpwv2cCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CBsQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=Colotlixayac&f=false\">Iconografía" 3674" mexicana, Volumen 3</a>" 3675msgstr "" 3676"<a " 3677"href=\"http://books.google.com.mx/books?id=kxPjdY1PJjEC&pg=PA118&lpg=PA118&dq=Colotlixayac&source=bl&ots=F6xlTU1rer&sig=9q_8ApdMTw5l9kagolArj5cPSMk&hl=es&ei=xoMeS8ToJoS1tgfpwv2cCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CBsQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=Colotlixayac&f=false\">Iconografía" 3678" mexicana, Volumen 3</a>" 3679 3680#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 3681#: ../../skycultures/aztec/description.en.utf8:46 3682msgid "" 3683"<a href=\"http://www.famsi.org/spanish/mayawriting/codices/paris.html\">El " 3684"Códice París</a>" 3685msgstr "" 3686"<a href=\"http://www.famsi.org/spanish/mayawriting/codices/paris.html\">El " 3687"Códice París</a>" 3688 3689#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 3690#: ../../skycultures/aztec/description.en.utf8:47 3691msgid "" 3692"<a " 3693"href=\"http://redescolar.ilce.edu.mx/redescolar/biblioteca/literatura/leyenda/mexicas/mexsolun.html\">El" 3694" nacimiento del sol y la luna</a>" 3695msgstr "" 3696"<a " 3697"href=\"http://redescolar.ilce.edu.mx/redescolar/biblioteca/literatura/leyenda/mexicas/mexsolun.html\">El" 3698" nacimiento del sol y la luna</a>" 3699 3700#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 3701#: ../../skycultures/aztec/description.en.utf8:48 3702msgid "" 3703"<a href=\"http://aulex.org/nah-es/\">Diccionario náhuatl - " 3704"español en línea en AULEX</a>" 3705msgstr "" 3706"<a href=\"http://aulex.org/nah-es/\">Diccionario náhuatl - " 3707"español en línea en AULEX</a>" 3708 3709#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 3710#: ../../skycultures/aztec/description.en.utf8:49 3711msgid "" 3712"<a " 3713"href=\"http://sepiensa.org.mx/contenidos/fd_depo/nahuatl/tlach_1.html\">Tlachtli</a>" 3714msgstr "" 3715"<a " 3716"href=\"http://sepiensa.org.mx/contenidos/fd_depo/nahuatl/tlach_1.html\">Tlachtli</a>" 3717 3718#. type: Content of: <h3> 3719#: ../../skycultures/aztec/description.en.utf8:51 3720#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:527 3721#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:467 3722msgid "Thanks to" 3723msgstr "Grazas a" 3724 3725#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 3726#: ../../skycultures/aztec/description.en.utf8:53 3727msgid "Javier Gómez Sandoval" 3728msgstr "Javier Gómez Sandoval" 3729 3730#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 3731#: ../../skycultures/aztec/description.en.utf8:54 3732msgid "Martha Patricia Rivera" 3733msgstr "Martha Patricia Rivera" 3734 3735#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 3736#: ../../skycultures/aztec/description.en.utf8:55 3737msgid "Emilio Ramón Bolaños Guerra" 3738msgstr "Emilio Ramón Bolaños Guerra" 3739 3740#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 3741#: ../../skycultures/aztec/description.en.utf8:56 3742msgid "Hector Vega" 3743msgstr "Hector Vega" 3744 3745#. type: Content of: <h5> 3746#: ../../skycultures/aztec/description.en.utf8:57 3747#: ../../skycultures/aztec/description.en.utf8:64 3748msgid "Rafael Rojas Segoviano" 3749msgstr "Rafael Rojas Segoviano" 3750 3751#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 3752#: ../../skycultures/aztec/description.en.utf8:58 3753msgid "Juan Caballero" 3754msgstr "Juan Caballero" 3755 3756#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 3757#: ../../skycultures/aztec/description.en.utf8:59 3758msgid "SAAGS" 3759msgstr "SAAGS" 3760 3761#. type: Content of: <p> 3762#: ../../skycultures/aztec/description.en.utf8:62 3763msgid "<strong>Enrique Gómez Candelario</strong>" 3764msgstr "<strong>Enrique Gómez Candelario</strong>" 3765 3766#. type: Content of: <p> 3767#: ../../skycultures/aztec/description.en.utf8:62 3768msgid "<a href=\"mailto:aldeaglobal@gmail.com\">aldeaglobal@gmail.com</a>" 3769msgstr "<a href=\"mailto:aldeaglobal@gmail.com\">aldeaglobal@gmail.com</a>" 3770 3771#. type: Content of: <h5> 3772#: ../../skycultures/aztec/description.en.utf8:64 3773msgid "English translation by:" 3774msgstr "Tradución ó inglés de:" 3775 3776#. type: Content of: <h1> 3777#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:1 3778msgid "Babylonian — MUL.APIN" 3779msgstr "Babilonia — MUL.APIN" 3780 3781#. type: Content of: <p> 3782#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:2 3783msgid "" 3784"This <em>Babylonian sky culture</em>, which had been in use before the Greek" 3785" one, is preserved in a (probably almost) canonical state dating back to the" 3786" 12th century BCE. The earliest fragment known is from the 7th century BCE " 3787"but the celestial data in the text suggests a much earlier origin of the " 3788"observational base - most likely between -1350 and -1150." 3789msgstr "" 3790"Esta <em>cultura do ceo babilonia</em>,que estivera en uso antes do grego, " 3791"consérvase nun estado (probablemente) canónico que data do século XII antes " 3792"de Cristo. O primeiro fragmento coñecido é do século VII antes de Cristo, " 3793"pero os datos celestes do texto suxiren unha orixe moito máis antiga da base" 3794" de observación - moi probablemente entre -1350 e -1150." 3795 3796#. type: Content of: <p> 3797#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:7 3798msgid "" 3799"<i>photograph of one of the clay tablets that are as big as a sheet of paper" 3800" (courtesy: the trustees of the British Museum)</i>" 3801msgstr "" 3802"<i>fotografía dunha das táboas de barro que son tan grandes coma unha folla " 3803"de papel (cortesía: os administradores do British Museum)</i>" 3804 3805#. type: Content of: <p> 3806#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:8 3807msgid "" 3808"The compendium MUL.APIN consists of two large clay tablets with six and five" 3809" lists of different content. On the first tablet, there is the so called " 3810"\"star catalogue\" (a list of names of stars and constellations), followed " 3811"by three lists of heliacal risings and settings, a list of ziqpu " 3812"(culminating) asterisms, and the list of constellations in the lunar path. " 3813"The second tablet contains intercalary rules for the calendar, rules for the" 3814" sundial and rules for omina." 3815msgstr "" 3816"O compendio MUL.APIN consta de dúas grandes tabelas de arxila con seis e " 3817"cinco listas de contido diferente. Na primeira tableta, hai o chamado " 3818"\"catálogo de estrelas\" (unha lista de nomes de estrelas e constelacións), " 3819"seguida de tres listas de saídas e postas do Sol, unha lista de asterismos " 3820"ziqpu (culminantes) e a lista de constelacións no camiño da Lúa. A segunda " 3821"tabela contén regras de intercalación para o calendario, regras para o " 3822"reloxo de sol e regras para omina." 3823 3824#. type: Content of: <h2> 3825#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:14 3826msgid "Zodiac" 3827msgstr "Zodiaco" 3828 3829#. type: Content of: <p> 3830#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:15 3831msgid "" 3832"The zodiac definitely came to Greece from Babylonian source. It is not " 3833"preserved when it had been invented there and when it was transformed to " 3834"Greek mathematical astronomy. We know for sure that Hipparchus (2nd ct. " 3835"BCE) cites ecliptical longitudes from Eudoxus (4th ct. BCE) with a zodiac " 3836"divided into 12x30 units, equaling our 360°. These direct citations from the" 3837" 4th century BCE suggest a much earlier invention because the concept of the" 3838" zodiac of 360° was very likely well established in Babylonian mathematical " 3839"astronomy before it was copied by Greek mathematicians. Taking Eudoxus' " 3840"writing as a <em>terminus ante quem</em>, we extrapolate a date for the " 3841"genesis of the zodiac in Mesopotamia before 400 BCE. In other fragments of " 3842"mathematical astronomy (between 800 and 700 BCE) the concept of the zodiac " 3843"is not present. Some scholars argue for the 6th century BCE as date of " 3844"invention - but to be honest, we don't know. The common sense is that the " 3845"zodiac was probably invented around the middle of the 1st millennium BCE." 3846msgstr "" 3847"O zodiaco chegou definitivamente a Grecia desde fontes babilónicas. Non se sabe cando se inventou alí e cando se transformou en astronomía matemática grega. Sabemos con certeza que Hiparco (2º c. BCE) cita lonxitudes eclípticas de Eudoxus (4º c. BCE) cun zodiaco dividido en 12x30 unidades, o que equivale aós nosos 360°. Estas citas directas do século IV aC suxiren unha invención moi anterior porque o concepto do zodiaco de 360° estaba moi ben establecido na astronomía matemática babilónica antes de que fose copiado por matemáticos gregos. Tomando os escritos de Eudoxus como un <em>terminus ante quem</em>, extrapolamos unha data para a xénese do zodiaco en Mesopotamia antes do 400 a.C. Noutros fragmentos de astronomía matemática (entre 800 e 700 a.C.) o concepto do zodiaco non está presente. Algúns estudiosos defenden que o século VI antes de Cristo é a data da invención, pero para sermos sinceros, non o sabemos. O sentido común di que o zodiaco foi inventado probablemente a mediados do I milenio antes de Cristo.\n" 3848" " 3849 3850#. type: Content of: <p> 3851#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:25 3852msgid "" 3853"In MUL.APIN, there is definitely no zodiac but a predecessor: the path of " 3854"the Moon. There are lists of constellations or \"gods who stand in the path" 3855" of the Moon, through whose region the Moon during a month [passes " 3856"repeatedly] and keeps touching them.\" (cited from the edition by Hunger and" 3857" Steele, 2018, p. 143). This list of the MUL.APIN compendium is not " 3858"considered in this sky culture; constellations in the path of the Moon are " 3859"not highlighted." 3860msgstr "" 3861"En MUL.APIN, definitivamente non hai zodíaco senón un antecesor: o camiño da" 3862" Lúa. Hai listaxes de constelacións ou \"deuses que están no camiño da Lúa, " 3863"por cuxa rexión a Lúa durante un mes [pasa repetidamente] e segue " 3864"tocándoos.\" (citado da edición de Hunger e Steele, 2018, p. 143). Esta " 3865"listaxe do compendio MUL.APIN non está considerada nesta cultura do ceo; as " 3866"constelacións no camiño da Lúa non se destacan." 3867 3868#. type: Content of: <h3> 3869#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:31 3870#: ../../skycultures/chinese_medieval/description.en.utf8:20 3871msgid "Planets" 3872msgstr "Planetas" 3873 3874#. type: Content of: <p> 3875#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:32 3876msgid "" 3877"This sky culture was made more or less only with the first list of the " 3878"compendium, the so called `star catalogue'. It is not a real star catalogue" 3879" because it does not give a single coordinate and most of the names given " 3880"there are names of asterisms or constellations (and not point-like objects " 3881"such as stars). The text of this first list is reproduced below - yet, we " 3882"layouted it as a table to emphasis its function as an explanatory list. The " 3883"catalogue also includes the names of planets: of course, planets do not have" 3884" a fixed position. However, in Mesopotamian culture it was common to " 3885"mention them for a complete set of objects in the sky. They are usually " 3886"denoted (or drawn) at the position of their exaltation point (one of the " 3887"later Greek <em>hypsomata</em> - but Greek astrology provided two " 3888"<em>hypsomata</em> per planet while Babylonian had only one)." 3889msgstr "" 3890"Esta cultura do ceo creouse máis ou menos coa primeira lista do compendio, o" 3891" chamado `catálogo de estrelas '. Non é un catálogo de estrelas real porque " 3892"non dá unha única coordenada e a maioría dos nomes que se dan son nomes de " 3893"asterismos ou constelacións (e non obxectos puntuais coma as estrelas). O " 3894"texto desta primeira lista reprodúcese a continuación. Non obstante, " 3895"poñémolo en forma de táboa para facer fincapé na súa función como listaxe " 3896"explicativa. O catálogo tamén inclúe os nomes dos planetas: aínda que estes " 3897"non teñen unha posición fixa. Non obstante, na cultura mesopotámica era " 3898"común mencionalos por un conxunto completo de obxectos no ceo. Normalmente " 3899"denomínanse (ou debuxan) na posición do seu punto de exaltación (un chamado " 3900"logo polos gregos<em>hypsomata</em> - pero a astronomía grega achegou dous " 3901"<em>hypsomata</em> por planeta mentres que os babilonios só teñen un)." 3902 3903#. type: Content of: <p> 3904#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:38 3905msgid "" 3906"The names of the planets displayed in Stellarium are names of the objects in" 3907" the sky and not of the gods associated with them. The list below shows " 3908"that almost every asterism was associated with a deity. According to " 3909"Babylonian belief, a deity has two representations: one in the sky and one " 3910"on Earth as statue in the temple. That means a celestial object `is' not " 3911"the deity but only one of its possible expressions. This is also the case " 3912"for the planets. For instance, even a millennium before MUL.APIN, the " 3913"goddess of sexual love and desire as well as goddess of war, the Sumerian " 3914"Inanna/ Akkadian Ishtar had been associated with the planet Venus. This " 3915"goddess was later `translated' to the Greek Aphrodite and Roman Venus and " 3916"even in the Greco-Roman culture the name of the planet was Phosphoros " 3917"(Greek: the Luminous One) or Lucifer (Latin: the Bringer of Light) but " 3918"associated with the goddess. Similar cases exist for most of the " 3919"constellations and single stars listed in MUL.APIN." 3920msgstr "" 3921"Os nomes dos planetas amosados no Stellarium son nomes dos obxectos no ceo e" 3922" non dos deuses asociados a eles. A seguinte listaxe mostra que case todos " 3923"os asterismos estaban asociados a unha divindade. Segundo a crenza " 3924"babilónica, unha divindade ten dúas representacións: unha no ceo e outra na " 3925"Terra como estatua no templo. Isto significa que un obxecto celeste 'non' é " 3926"a deidade senón só unha das súas posibles expresións. Este é tamén o caso " 3927"dos planetas. Por exemplo, ata un milenio antes de MUL.APIN, a deusa do amor" 3928" sexual e do desexo, así como deusa da guerra, o sumerio Inanna / Akkadian " 3929"Ishtar estivera asociada co planeta Venus. Esta deusa foi máis tarde " 3930"\"traducida\" ó grego como Afrodita e a Venus romana e incluso na cultura " 3931"grecorromana o nome do planeta era Fósforo (grego: o luminoso) ou Lucifer " 3932"(latín: o que trae a Luz) pero asociado coa deusa. Hai casos similares para " 3933"a maioría das constelacións e estrelas simples que figuran en MUL.APIN." 3934 3935#. type: Content of: <p> 3936#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:47 3937msgid "" 3938"In the list reproduced below, the left column gives the name of the object " 3939"in the sky and the right column (in most of the cases) gives the associated " 3940"deity." 3941msgstr "" 3942"Na lista reproducida a continuación, a columna esquerda dá o nome do obxecto" 3943" no ceo e a columna dereita (na maioría dos casos) dá a deidade asociada." 3944 3945#. type: Content of: <h2> 3946#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:49 3947msgid "Star Catalogue" 3948msgstr "Catálogo de estrelas" 3949 3950#. type: Content of: <p> 3951#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:50 3952msgid "" 3953"The following table copies the reconstruction of the text of MUL.APIN by " 3954"Hermann Hunger+ (1989, 2018), gives translations by Manfred Krebernik " 3955"(published at the Rencontre Assyriologique International, Innsbruck, 2018) " 3956"and identifies the Akkadian words with celestial regions and constellations " 3957"(work by Susanne M. Hoffmann, 2015-2018, presented at Deutsche " 3958"Orientalisten-Tagung, Jena, 2017)." 3959msgstr "" 3960"A seguinte táboa copia a reconstrución do texto de MUL.APIN de Hermann Hunger + (1989, 2018), dá traducións de Manfred Krebernik (publicado no Rencontre Assyriologique International, Innsbruck, 2018) e identifica as palabras akadianas con rexións e constelacións celestes ( traballo de Susanne M. Hoffmann, 2015-2018, presentado na Deutsche Orientalisten-Tagung, Jena, 2017).\n" 3961" " 3962 3963#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 3964#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:57 3965#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:273 3966#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:407 3967#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:21 3968#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:209 3969#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:347 3970msgid "constellation number" 3971msgstr "número de constelación" 3972 3973#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 3974#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:58 3975#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:274 3976#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:408 3977msgid "asterism to be \"explained\" (e.g. by relating it to a deity)" 3978msgstr "" 3979"asterismo a ser \"explicado\" (por exemplo, relacionándoo cunha divindade)" 3980 3981#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 3982#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:59 3983#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:275 3984#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:409 3985msgid "\"explanation\" (e.g. related deity)" 3986msgstr "\"explicación\" (por exemplo, divindade relacionada)" 3987 3988#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 3989#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:60 3990#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:276 3991#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:410 3992#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:24 3993#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:212 3994#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:350 3995msgid "position in the sky" 3996msgstr "posición no ceo" 3997 3998#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 3999#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:64 4000#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:29 4001msgid "<sup>STAR</sup><i>EPINNU</i>(Plough)" 4002msgstr "<sup>ESTRELA</sup><i>EPINNU</i>(Arado)" 4003 4004#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4005#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:65 4006msgid "<sup>GOD</sup>Enlil" 4007msgstr "<sup>DEUS </sup>Enlil" 4008 4009#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4010#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:70 4011msgid "<sup>STAR</sup><i>BARBARU</i>(Wolf)" 4012msgstr "<sup>ESTRELA </sup><i>BARBARU</i>(Lobo)" 4013 4014#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4015#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:71 4016msgid "seeder of <sup>STAR</sup><i>EPINNU</i>" 4017msgstr "semente de <sup>ESTRELA </sup><i>EPINNU</i>" 4018 4019#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 4020#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:76 4021#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:42 4022msgid "<sup>STAR</sup><i>ŠĪBU</i>(Old Man)" 4023msgstr "<sup>ESTRELA </sup><i>ŠĪBU</i>(Home Vello)" 4024 4025#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4026#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:77 4027msgid "<sup>GOD</sup>Enmešarra" 4028msgstr "<sup>DEUS </sup>Enmešarra" 4029 4030#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 4031#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:82 4032#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:49 4033msgid "<sup>STAR</sup><i>GAMLU</i>(Throwing-stick)" 4034msgstr "<sup>ESTRELA </sup><i>GAMLU</i>(Lanzador de caxatos)" 4035 4036#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4037#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:83 4038msgid "<sup>GOD</sup>Gamlum(Throwing-stick)" 4039msgstr "<sup>DEUS </sup>Gamlum(Lanzador de caxatos)" 4040 4041#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 4042#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:84 4043#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:196 4044#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:342 4045#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:446 4046#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:51 4047#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:155 4048#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:293 4049#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:393 4050msgid "in" 4051msgstr "en" 4052 4053#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 4054#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:88 4055#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:55 4056msgid "" 4057"<sup>STAR</sup><i>TŪ'AMŪ·RABÛTU</i>(Great Twins)" 4058msgstr "" 4059"<sup>ESTRELA </sup><i>TŪ'AMŪ·RABÛTU</i>(Grandes " 4060"Xemelgos)" 4061 4062#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4063#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:89 4064msgid "<sup>GOD</sup>Lugalirra and <sup>GOD</sup>Meslamtaʾea" 4065msgstr "<sup>DEIS </sup>Lugalirra e <sup>DEUS </sup>Meslamtaʾea" 4066 4067#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 4068#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:94 4069#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:63 4070msgid "" 4071"<sup>STAR</sup><i>TŪ'AMŪ·ṢEḪRŪTU</i>(Little" 4072" Twins)" 4073msgstr "" 4074"<sup>ESTRELA " 4075"</sup><i>TŪ'AMŪ·ṢEḪRŪTU</i>(Pequenos " 4076"Xemelgos)" 4077 4078#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4079#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:95 4080msgid "<sup>GOD</sup>Alammuš and <sup>GOD</sup>Ningublaga" 4081msgstr "<sup>DEUS </sup>Alammuš e <sup>DEUS </sup>Ningublaga" 4082 4083#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 4084#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:100 4085#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:69 4086msgid "<sup>STAR</sup><i>ALLUTTU</i>(Crab)" 4087msgstr "<sup>ESTRELA </sup><i>ALLUTTU</i>(Cangrexo)" 4088 4089#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4090#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:101 4091msgid "seat of <sup>GOD</sup>Anu" 4092msgstr "asento de <sup>DEUS </sup>Anu" 4093 4094#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 4095#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:106 4096#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:75 4097msgid "<sup>STAR</sup><i>URGULÛ</i>(Lion)" 4098msgstr "<sup>ESTRELA </sup><i>URGULÛ</i>(León)" 4099 4100#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4101#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:107 4102msgid "<sup>GOD</sup>Latarak" 4103msgstr "<sup>DEUS </sup>Latarak" 4104 4105#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4106#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:112 4107msgid "STAR opposite <sup>STAR</sup><i>URGULÛ</i>" 4108msgstr "ESTRELA en oposición <sup>ESTRELA</sup><i>URGULÛ</i>" 4109 4110#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4111#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:113 4112msgid "STAR (of the) King" 4113msgstr "ESTRELA (do) Rei" 4114 4115#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 4116#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:114 4117#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:83 4118msgid "Regulus" 4119msgstr "Regulus" 4120 4121#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4122#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:118 4123msgid "twinkling STARs in the tail of <sup>STAR</sup><i>URGULÛ</i>" 4124msgstr "" 4125"ESTRELAs escintilantes no rabo de <sup>ESTRELA </sup><i>URGULÛ</i>" 4126 4127#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4128#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:119 4129msgid "" 4130""date-palm spadix" (jewellery?) (of) <sup>GOD</sup>Erua, " 4131"<sup>GOD</sup>Zarpanītum" 4132msgstr "" 4133""espátula de palmeira de dátiles" (xoiería?) (de) <sup>DEUS " 4134"</sup>Erua, <sup>DEUS </sup>Zarpanītum" 4135 4136#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4137#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:124 4138msgid "<sup>STAR</sup>ŠU.PA(The Bright?)" 4139msgstr "<sup>ESTRELA </sup>ŠU.PA(The Bright?)" 4140 4141#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4142#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:125 4143msgid "<sup>GOD</sup>Enlil who determines the destinies of the land" 4144msgstr "<sup>DEUS </sup>Enlil que determina o destino da terra" 4145 4146#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4147#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:130 4148msgid "STAR in front of it" 4149msgstr "ESTRELA en fronte dela" 4150 4151#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4152#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:131 4153msgid "" 4154"<sup>STAR</sup><i>ḪENGALLĀYU</i>(Abundant), vizier of " 4155"<sup>GOD</sup>Ninlil" 4156msgstr "" 4157"<sup>ESTRELA </sup><i>ḪENGALLĀYU</i>(Abundante), viseira de " 4158"<sup>DEUS </sup>Ninlil" 4159 4160#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 4161#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:132 4162#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:330 4163#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:101 4164#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:279 4165msgid "or" 4166msgstr "ou" 4167 4168#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4169#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:136 4170#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:230 4171#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:298 4172#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:328 4173msgid "STAR behind it" 4174msgstr "ESTRELA detrás dela" 4175 4176#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4177#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:137 4178msgid "" 4179"<sup>STAR</sup><i>BĀŠTUM</i>(Dignity), vizier of " 4180"<sup>GOD</sup>Tišpak" 4181msgstr "" 4182"<sup>ESTRELA </sup><i>BĀŠTUM</i>(Dignidade), viseira de " 4183"<sup>DEUS </sup>Tišpak" 4184 4185#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4186#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:142 4187msgid "<sup>STAR</sup><i>EREQQU</i>(Wagon)" 4188msgstr "<sup>ESTRELA </sup><i>EREQQU</i>(Vagón)" 4189 4190#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4191#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:143 4192msgid "<sup>GOD</sup>Ninlil" 4193msgstr "<sup>DEUS </sup>Ninlil" 4194 4195#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4196#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:147 4197msgid "15" 4198msgstr "15" 4199 4200#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4201#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:148 4202msgid "STAR by the pole of <sup>STAR</sup><i>EREQQU</i>" 4203msgstr "ESTRELA no polo de <sup>ESTRELA </sup><i>EREQQU</i>" 4204 4205#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4206#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:149 4207msgid "" 4208"<sup>STAR</sup><i>ŠĒLEBU</i>(Fox), <sup>GOD</sup>Erra, the " 4209"strong of the gods" 4210msgstr "" 4211"<sup>ESTRELA </sup><i>ŠĒLEBU</i>(Raposo), <sup>DEUS </sup>Erra, " 4212"o deus máis forte" 4213 4214#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4215#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:150 4216msgid "Alcor (80 UMa)" 4217msgstr "Alcor (80 UMa)" 4218 4219#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4220#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:154 4221msgid "STAR on the forehead of <sup>STAR</sup><i>EREQQU</i>" 4222msgstr "ESTRELA detrás dela <sup>ESTRELA </sup><i>EREQQU</i>" 4223 4224#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4225#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:155 4226msgid "<sup>STAR</sup><i>LAḪRU</i>(Ewe), <sup>GOD</sup>Aya" 4227msgstr "<sup>ESTRELA </sup><i>LAḪRU</i>(Ewe), <sup>DEUS </sup>Aya" 4228 4229#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4230#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:160 4231msgid "<sup>STAR</sup>MU.BU.KÉŠ.DA(Hitched yoke?)" 4232msgstr "<sup>ESTRELA </sup>MU.BU.KÉŠ.DA(Xugo enganchado?)" 4233 4234#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4235#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:161 4236msgid "<sup>GOD</sup><i>Anu-rabû</i> of heaven" 4237msgstr "<sup>DEUS </sup><i>Anu-rabû</i> do ceo" 4238 4239#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4240#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:166 4241msgid "<sup>STAR</sup>MAR.GÍD.DA.AN.NA(Wagon of heaven)" 4242msgstr "<sup>ESTRELA </sup>MAR.GÍD.DA.AN.NA(Vagón do ceo)" 4243 4244#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4245#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:167 4246msgid "<sup>GOD</sup>Damkianna" 4247msgstr "<sup>DEUS </sup>Damkianna" 4248 4249#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 4250#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:168 4251#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:137 4252msgid "somewhere betw UMi and Vega?" 4253msgstr "algún lugar entre UMi e Vega?" 4254 4255#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4256#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:172 4257msgid "STAR in its bond" 4258msgstr "ESTRELA na súa ligazón" 4259 4260#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4261#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:173 4262msgid "" 4263"<sup>STAR</sup><i>APIL-EMAḪ</i>(Heir of the Emaḫ-temple), " 4264"foremost son of <sup>GOD</sup>Anu" 4265msgstr "" 4266"<sup>ESTRELA </sup><i>APIL-EMAḪ </i>(Cabelo de Emaḫ-templo), " 4267"primeiro fillo de <sup>DEUS </sup>Anu" 4268 4269#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4270#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:179 4271msgid "The stars (of the) Standing Gods of the Ekur temple" 4272msgstr "As estrelas (dos) Deuses de pé do templo de Ekur" 4273 4274#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4275#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:183 4276msgid "The stars (of the) Sitting Gods of the Ekur temple" 4277msgstr "As estrelas (dos) Deuses sentados do templo de Ekur" 4278 4279#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 4280#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:188 4281#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:147 4282msgid "<sup>STAR</sup><i>ENZU</i>(She-Goat)" 4283msgstr "<sup>ESTRELA </sup><i>ENZU</i>(Cabra)" 4284 4285#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4286#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:189 4287msgid "<sup>GOD</sup>Gula" 4288msgstr "<sup>DEUS </sup>Gula" 4289 4290#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4291#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:194 4292msgid "STAR in front of <sup>STAR</sup><i>ENZU</i>" 4293msgstr "ESTRELA fronte a <sup>ESTRELA </sup><i>ENZU</i>" 4294 4295#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4296#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:195 4297msgid "<sup>STAR</sup><i>KALBU</i>(Dog) (of <sup>GOD</sup>Gula)" 4298msgstr "<sup>ESTRELA </sup><i>KALBU</i>(Can) (de <sup>DEUS </sup>Gula)" 4299 4300#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 4301#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:200 4302#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:159 4303msgid "bright STAR of <sup>STAR</sup><i>ENZU</i>" 4304msgstr "ESTRELA brillante de <sup>ESTRELA</sup><i>ENZU</i>" 4305 4306#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4307#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:201 4308msgid "" 4309"<sup>GOD</sup>Lamassatu, vizier of <sup>GOD</sup>Baba (= <sup>GOD</sup>Gu-" 4310"la)" 4311msgstr "" 4312"<sup>DEUS </sup>Lamassatu, viseira de <sup>DEUS </sup>Baba (= <sup>DEUS " 4313"</sup>Gu-la)" 4314 4315#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4316#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:206 4317#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:450 4318msgid "2 STAR<sup>s</sup> behind it" 4319msgstr "2 ESTRRLA<sup>s</sup> detrás dela" 4320 4321#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4322#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:207 4323msgid "<sup>GOD</sup>Nin-SAR and <sup>GOD</sup>Errakal" 4324msgstr "<sup>DEUS </sup>Nin-SAR e <sup>DEUS </sup>Errakal" 4325 4326#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4327#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:212 4328msgid "<sup>STAR</sup>U<sub>4</sub>.KA.DU<sub>8</sub>.A" 4329msgstr "<sup>ESTRELA </sup>U<sub>4</sub>.KA.DU<sub>8</sub>.A" 4330 4331#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4332#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:213 4333msgid "<sup>GOD</sup>U.GUR(Nergal)" 4334msgstr "<sup>DEUS </sup>U.GUR(Nergal)" 4335 4336#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4337#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:218 4338msgid "STAR to the right of it" 4339msgstr "ESTRELA á dereita dela" 4340 4341#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4342#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:219 4343msgid "<sup>STAR</sup>Š<i>AḪÛ</i>(Pig), <sup>GOD</sup>Damu" 4344msgstr "" 4345"<sup>ESTRELA </sup>Š<i>AḪÛ</i>(Porco), <sup>DEUS " 4346"</sup>Damu" 4347 4348#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4349#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:224 4350msgid "STAR to the left of it" 4351msgstr "Estrela á dereita dela" 4352 4353#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4354#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:225 4355msgid "<sup>STARS</sup><i>SISÛ</i>(Horse)" 4356msgstr "<sup>ESTRELAS </sup><i>SISÛ</i>(Cabalo)" 4357 4358#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4359#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:231 4360msgid "<sup>STAR</sup><i>LULIMMU</i>, vizier of STAR.STAR (Pleiades)" 4361msgstr "" 4362"<sup>ESTRELA </sup><i>LULIMMU</i>, viseira de ESTRELA.ESTRELA (Pléiades)" 4363 4364#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4365#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:236 4366msgid "" 4367"twinkling STAR<sup>s</sup> opposite <sup>STAR</sup><i>LULIMMU</i>(Stag)" 4368msgstr "" 4369"ESTRELA<sup>s</sup> brillantes opostas <sup>ESTRELA " 4370"</sup><i>LULIMMU</i>(Corzo)" 4371 4372#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4373#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:237 4374msgid "" 4375"<sup>GOD</sup>Ḫarriru (Field Mouse), " 4376"<sup>GOD</sup>Manzât(Rainbow)" 4377msgstr "" 4378"<sup>DEUS </sup>Ḫarriru (Rato de campo), <sup>DEUS " 4379"</sup>Manzât(Arco da vella)" 4380 4381#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4382#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:242 4383msgid "red bright STAR in the kidney of <sup>STAR</sup><i>LULIMMU</i>" 4384msgstr "" 4385"ESTRELA vermella brillante no ril de <sup>ESTRELA </sup><i>LULIMMU</i>" 4386 4387#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4388#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:243 4389msgid "<sup>STAR</sup><i>PĀŠITTU</i>(Deleter)" 4390msgstr "<sup>ESTRELA </sup><i>PĀŠITTU</i>(Eliminador)" 4391 4392#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4393#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:248 4394msgid "When the STAR<sup>s</sup> of <sup>GOD</sup>Enlil are completed:" 4395msgstr "" 4396"Cando as ESTRELA<sup>s</sup> de <sup>DEUS </sup>Enlil están completadas:" 4397 4398#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4399#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:252 4400msgid "big STAR, its "light" is dim, it divides the sky and stands" 4401msgstr "" 4402"ESTRELA grande, a súa "light" é tenue, divide o ceo e está detida" 4403 4404#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4405#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:253 4406msgid "STAR (of) <sup>GOD</sup>Marduk, <sup>GOD</sup>Nēberu(Ford)" 4407msgstr "ESTRELA (e) <sup>DEUS </sup>Marduk, <sup>DEUS</sup>Nēberu(vao)" 4408 4409#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4410#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:254 4411msgid "Milky Way???" 4412msgstr "Vía Láctea???" 4413 4414#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4415#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:258 4416msgid "" 4417"<sup>STAR</sup>SAG.ME.GAR(Jupiter), it changes its place and crosses the sky" 4418msgstr "<sup>ESTRELA</sup>SAG.ME.GAR(Xúpiter), muda de lugar e cruza o ceo" 4419 4420#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4421#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:259 4422msgid "Jupiter [hypsoma]" 4423msgstr "Xúpiter [hypsoma]" 4424 4425#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4426#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:263 4427msgid "33 STAR<sup>s</sup> of <sup>GOD</sup>Enlil" 4428msgstr "33 ESTRELA<sup>s</sup> de <sup>DEUS</sup>Enlil" 4429 4430#. type: Content of: <p> 4431#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:267 4432msgid "" 4433"<b>Remark 1</b>: <i>Babylonian lists do not have headlines but a sort of " 4434"caption. Lines written in red [by us] indicate this line to be such a footer" 4435" which summarizes the text before as a sort of (sub)section or chapter. The " 4436"planets, we highlighted in blue.</i>" 4437msgstr "" 4438"<b>Observación 1</b>: <i>As listaxes babilonias non teñen títulos, senón " 4439"unha sorte de subtítulo. As liñas escritas en vermello [por nós] indican que" 4440" esta liña é un pé de páxina que resume o texto previo como unha especie de " 4441"(sub)sección ou capítulo. Os planetas destacámolos en azul.</i>" 4442 4443#. type: Content of: <p> 4444#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:268 4445msgid "" 4446"<b>Remark 2</b>: <i>At this line, the text tells us that there were 33 " 4447"asterism listed before this line. However, on the original clay tablet(s) " 4448"there had been only 31 lines. Therefore, the counting of asterisms for the " 4449"authors of MUL.APIN is an often discussed topic in this context. There are " 4450"several different suggestions and we have even made an own one but since all" 4451" versions are uncertain, we are not brave enough to publish any of them " 4452"here. We are not sure, if there is any common sense about that in the " 4453"scientific community.</i>" 4454msgstr "" 4455"<b>Observación 2</b>: <i>Nesta liña, o texto dinos que había 33 asterismos " 4456"listados antes desta liña. Non obstante, nas tabletas orixinais de barro só " 4457"había 31 liñas. Polo tanto, o reconto de asterismos para os autores de " 4458"MUL.APIN é un tema a miúdo discutido neste contexto. Hai varias suxestións e" 4459" incluso fixemos unha propia, pero dado que todas as versións son incertas, " 4460"non somos valentes dabondo para publicar ningunha delas aquí. Non estamos " 4461"seguros de haxa consenso ningún respecto diso na comunidade científica.</i>" 4462 4463#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 4464#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:280 4465#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:217 4466msgid "<sup>STAR</sup>ONE·"FIELD"(area measure)" 4467msgstr "<sup>ESTRELA </sup>UN·"CAMPO"(medición de área)" 4468 4469#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4470#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:281 4471msgid "" 4472"seat of <sup>GOD</sup>Ea who goes in front of the STAR<sup>s</sup> of " 4473"<sup>GOD</sup>Anu" 4474msgstr "" 4475"asento de <sup>DEUS</sup>Ea que vai á fronte de ESTRELA<sup>s</sup> de " 4476"<sup>DEUS</sup>Anu" 4477 4478#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4479#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:286 4480msgid "STAR opposite <sup>STAR</sup>ONE·'FIELD'" 4481msgstr "ESTRELA oposta <sup>ESTRELA </sup>UÇN·'CAMPO'" 4482 4483#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4484#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:287 4485msgid "<sup>STAR</sup><i>ŠINŪNUTU</i>(Swallow)" 4486msgstr "<sup>ESTRELA</sup><i>ŠINŪNUTU</i>(Andoriña)" 4487 4488#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4489#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:292 4490msgid "STAR behind <sup>STAR</sup>ONE·'FIELD'" 4491msgstr "ESTRELA detrás de <sup>ESTRELA</sup>UN·'CAMPO'" 4492 4493#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4494#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:293 4495msgid "<sup>STAR</sup><i>ANUNNĪTU</i>" 4496msgstr "<sup>ESTRELA </sup><i>ANUNNĪTU</i>" 4497 4498#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4499#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:299 4500msgid "<sup>STAR</sup><i>AGRU</i>(Hired Worker), <sup>GOD</sup>Tammuz" 4501msgstr "" 4502"<sup>ESTRELA </sup><i>AGRU</i>(Traballador contratado), <sup>DEUS " 4503"</sup>Tammuz" 4504 4505#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4506#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:304 4507msgid "STAR.STAR(<i>ZAPPU</i>, Bristle)" 4508msgstr "ESTRELA.ESTRELA(<i>ZAPPU</i>, Pelo)" 4509 4510#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4511#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:305 4512msgid "<sup>GOD</sup>Sebettu, the great gods" 4513msgstr "<sup>DEUS </sup>Sebettu, os grandes deuses" 4514 4515#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4516#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:310 4517msgid "<sup>STAR</sup>BULL·OF·HEAVEN(<i>ALÛ</i>)" 4518msgstr "<sup>ESTRELA</sup>TOURO·DO·CEO(<i>ALÛ</i>)" 4519 4520#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4521#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:311 4522msgid "" 4523"<sup>GOD</sup><i>Is-lê</i> (Jaw of the Wild Bull), crown of " 4524"<sup>GOD</sup>Anu" 4525msgstr "" 4526"<sup>DEUS </sup><i>Is-lê</i> (Mandíbula do touro salvaxe), coroa de " 4527"<sup>DEUS</sup>Anu" 4528 4529#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 4530#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:316 4531#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:263 4532msgid "" 4533"<sup>STAR</sup>TRUE·SHEPHERD·OF·HEAVEN " 4534"(<i>ŠITADDALLU</i>, Orion)" 4535msgstr "" 4536"<sup>ESTRELA</sup>VERDADEIRO·PASTOR·DO·CEO " 4537"(<i>ŠITADDALLU</i>, Orion)" 4538 4539#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4540#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:317 4541msgid "<sup>GOD</sup>Papsukkal, vizier of <sup>GOD</sup>Anu" 4542msgstr "<sup>DEUS </sup>Papsukkal, viseira de <sup>DEUS</sup>Anu" 4543 4544#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 4545#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:322 4546#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:270 4547msgid "Twin STARs opposite <sup>STAR</sup><i>ŠITADDALLU</i>" 4548msgstr "ESTRELAs xemelgas opostas <sup>ESTRELA</sup><i>ŠITADDALLU</i>" 4549 4550#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4551#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:323 4552msgid "<sup>GOD</sup>Lulal and <sup>GOD</sup>Latarak" 4553msgstr "<sup>DEUS </sup>Lulal e <sup>DEUS </sup>Latarak" 4554 4555#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td><notr><sub> 4556#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:324 4557#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:272 4558msgid "3" 4559msgstr "3" 4560 4561#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td><notr><sub> 4562#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:324 4563#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:272 4564msgid "4" 4565msgstr "4" 4566 4567#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4568#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:329 4569msgid "<sup>STAR</sup><i>TARLUGALLU</i> (Cock)" 4570msgstr "<sup>ESTRELA </sup><i>TARLUGALLU</i> (Galo)" 4571 4572#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4573#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:334 4574msgid "<sup>STAR</sup>GAG.SI.SÁ(Arrow)" 4575msgstr "<sup>ESTRELA </sup>GAG.SI.SÁ(Frecha)" 4576 4577#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4578#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:335 4579msgid "" 4580"<i>Šiltāḫu</i> (Arrow), great hero (of) " 4581"<sup>GOD</sup>Ninurta" 4582msgstr "" 4583"<i>Šiltāḫu</i> (Frecha), gran heroe (de) <sup>DEUS " 4584"</sup>Ninurta" 4585 4586#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 4587#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:336 4588#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:286 4589msgid "Sirius +" 4590msgstr "Sirius +" 4591 4592#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4593#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:340 4594msgid "<sup>STAR</sup><i>QAŠTU</i>(Bow)" 4595msgstr "<sup>ESTRELA </sup><i>QAŠTU</i>(Arco)" 4596 4597#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4598#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:341 4599msgid "<sup>GOD</sup>Ištar-of-Elam, daughter of <sup>GOD</sup>Enlil" 4600msgstr "<sup>DEUS </sup>Ištar-de-Elam, filla de <sup>DEUS </sup>Enlil" 4601 4602#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4603#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:346 4604msgid "STAR (of) <sup>GOD</sup>NIRAḪ(Snake-god)" 4605msgstr "ESTRELA (de) <sup>DEUS </sup>NIRAḪ(Deus serpente)" 4606 4607#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4608#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:347 4609msgid "<sup>GOD</sup>Ningišzida, lord of the 'Earth' (= netherworld)" 4610msgstr "<sup>DEUS </sup>Ningišzida, señor da 'Terra' (= inframundo)" 4611 4612#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4613#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:352 4614msgid "<sup>STAR</sup><i>ĀRIBU</i>(Raven)" 4615msgstr "<sup>Estrela</sup><i>ĀRIBU</i>(Corvo)" 4616 4617#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4618#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:353 4619msgid "Raven, STAR of <sup>GOD</sup>Adad" 4620msgstr "Corvo, ESTRELA de <sup>DEUS</sup>Adad" 4621 4622#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4623#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:358 4624msgid "<sup>STAR</sup><i>ŠERʾU</i>(Furrow)" 4625msgstr "<sup>ESTRELA </sup><i>ŠERʾU</i>(Suco)" 4626 4627#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4628#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:359 4629msgid "<sup>GOD</sup>Šala, ear of grain" 4630msgstr "<sup>DEUS </sup>Šala, espiga de trigo" 4631 4632#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 4633#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:364 4634#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:319 4635msgid "<sup>STAR</sup><i>ZIBĀNĪTU</i>(Scales)" 4636msgstr "<sup>ESTRELA </sup><i>ZIBĀNĪTU</i>(Escalas)" 4637 4638#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4639#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:365 4640msgid "Horns of <sup>STAR</sup><i>ZUQAQĪPU</i>(Scorpion)" 4641msgstr "Cornos de <sup>ESTRELA</sup><i>ZUQAQĪPU</i>(Escorpión)" 4642 4643#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 4644#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:366 4645#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:321 4646msgid "circa Lib" 4647msgstr "circa Lib" 4648 4649#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 4650#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:370 4651#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:326 4652msgid "STAR (of) <sup>GOD</sup>Zababa" 4653msgstr "ESTRELA (de) <sup>DEUS</sup>Zababa" 4654 4655#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4656#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:371 4657msgid "" 4658"<sup>STAR</sup><i>ERÛ</i>(Eagle) and " 4659"<sup>STAR</sup><i>PAGRU</i>(Corpse)" 4660msgstr "" 4661"<sup>ESTRELA</sup><i>ERÛ</i>(Aguia) " 4662"e<sup>ESTRELA</sup><i>PAGRU</i>(Cadáver)" 4663 4664#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4665#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:376 4666msgid "" 4667"<sup>STAR</sup><i>DILPAT</i>(Venus), it changes its place and crosses the " 4668"sky" 4669msgstr "" 4670"<sup>ESTRELA </sup><i>DILPAT</i>(Venus), cambia de lugar e cruza o ceo" 4671 4672#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4673#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:381 4674msgid "" 4675"<sup>STAR</sup><i>ṢALBATĀNU</i>(Mars), it changes its place and " 4676"crosses the sky" 4677msgstr "" 4678"<sup>ESTRELA </sup><i>ṢALBATĀNU</i>(Marte), muda de lugar e cruza" 4679" o ceo" 4680 4681#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 4682#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:382 4683#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:59 4684msgid "Mars" 4685msgstr "Marte" 4686 4687#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4688#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:386 4689msgid "" 4690"<sup>STAR</sup>STEADY·"WILD·SHEEP"(<i>KAJJAMĀNU</i>," 4691" Saturn), it changes its place and crosses the sky" 4692msgstr "" 4693"<sup>ESTRELA " 4694"</sup>CARNEIROS·"SALVAXES·CALMADOS"(<i>KAJJAMĀNU</i>," 4695" Saturno), muda de lugar e cruza o ceo" 4696 4697#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4698#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:387 4699msgid "Saturn" 4700msgstr "Saturno" 4701 4702#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4703#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:391 4704msgid "" 4705"<sup>STAR</sup>DANCING·"WILD·SHEEP"(<i>ŠIḪṬU</i>," 4706" Mercury), whose name is <sup>GOD</sup>Ninurta, either in the East or in the" 4707" West, where ever in the month it appears, where ever in the month it " 4708"disappears" 4709msgstr "" 4710"<sup>ESTRELA " 4711"</sup>CARNEIRO·"SALVAXE·BAILANDO"(<i>ŠIḪṬU</i>," 4712" Mercurio), cuxo nome é <sup>DEUS</sup>Ninurta, ó leste ou ó oeste, onde ou " 4713"nunca aparece no mes ou onde nunca desaparece" 4714 4715#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4716#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:393 4717msgid "Mercury" 4718msgstr "Mercurio" 4719 4720#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4721#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:397 4722msgid "23 STAR<sup>s</sup> of Anum" 4723msgstr "23 ESTRELA<sup>s</sup> de Anum" 4724 4725#. type: Content of: <p> 4726#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:402 4727msgid "" 4728"<b>Remark 3:</b> <i>Giving a \"+\" sign in the column of the modern " 4729"counterpart, we indicate that (likely/ possibly) more stars are belonging to" 4730" this Babylonian asterism. In case of the Arrow, for instance, it is sure " 4731"that Sirius belongs to this constellation but modern authors published at " 4732"least three versions which further stars have to be added. Another case is " 4733"the Eagle next to another constellation named \"the Corpse\". This could " 4734"possibly be a predecessor of Ptolemy's newly added double-constellation " 4735"\"Eagle with Antinuos\" but it can also be independent - that is why, we " 4736"give \"Aql+\".</i>" 4737msgstr "" 4738"<b>Observación 3:</b> <i>Se indicamos un signo \"+\" na columna homóloga " 4739"moderna, indicamos que (probablemente / posiblemente) máis estrelas " 4740"pertenzan a este asterismo babilónico. Por exemplo, a frecha, é certo que " 4741"Sirius pertence a esta constelación, pero os autores modernos publicaron " 4742"polo menos tres versións ás que hai que engadir máis estrelas. Outro caso é " 4743"a Aguia xunto a outra constelación chamada \"o cadáver\", que podería ser un" 4744" predecesor da recentemente engadida dobre constelación de Ptolomeo \"Aguia " 4745"con Antinuos\" pero tamén pode ser independente - por iso, damos \"Aql " 4746"+\".</i>" 4747 4748#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 4749#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:414 4750#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:355 4751msgid "<sup>STAR</sup><i>NŪNU</i>(Fish)" 4752msgstr "<sup>ESTRELA</sup><i>NŪNU</i>(Peixe)" 4753 4754#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4755#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:415 4756msgid "" 4757"<sup>GOD</sup>Ea who goes in front of the STAR<sup>s</sup> of " 4758"<sup>GOD</sup>Ea" 4759msgstr "" 4760"<sup>DEUS </sup>Ea que vai á fronte de ESTRELA<sup>s</sup> de <sup>DEUS " 4761"</sup>Ea" 4762 4763#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4764#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:420 4765msgid "GREAT·STAR" 4766msgstr "GRAN·ESTRELA" 4767 4768#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4769#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:421 4770#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:427 4771msgid "<sup>GOD</sup>Ea" 4772msgstr "<sup>DEUS </sup>Ea" 4773 4774#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 4775#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:426 4776#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:370 4777msgid "STAR of (the city of) Eridu" 4778msgstr "ESTRELA de (a cidade de) Eridu" 4779 4780#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4781#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:432 4782#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:444 4783msgid "STAR to its right" 4784msgstr "ESTRELA á súa dereita" 4785 4786#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4787#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:433 4788msgid "STAR (of) <sup><GOD></sup>Ninmaḫ" 4789msgstr "ESTRELA (de) <sup><DEUS></sup>Ninmaḫ" 4790 4791#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 4792#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:438 4793#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:384 4794msgid "<sup>STAR</sup><i>ḪAB(B)AṢṢĒRĀNU</i>" 4795msgstr "<sup>ESTRELA </sup><i>ḪAB(B)AṢṢĒRĀNU</i>" 4796 4797#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4798#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:439 4799msgid "<sup>GOD</sup>Ningirsu" 4800msgstr "<sup>DEUS</sup>Ningirsu" 4801 4802#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4803#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:445 4804msgid "" 4805"<sup>STAR</sup><i>MAŠKAKĀTU</i>(Harrow), weapon of " 4806"<sup>GOD</sup>Mār-bīti, in the centre of which the Apsû is " 4807"visible" 4808msgstr "" 4809"<sup>ESTRELA</sup><i>MAŠKAKĀTU</i>(Frecha), arma de " 4810"<sup>DEUS</sup>Mār-bīti, no centro da cal se ve Apsû" 4811 4812#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4813#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:451 4814msgid "" 4815"<sup>GOD</sup>Šullat and <sup>GOD</sup>Ḫaniš, " 4816"<sup>GOD</sup>Šamaš and <sup>GOD</sup>Adad" 4817msgstr "" 4818"<sup>DEUS</sup>Šullat e <sup>DEUS</sup>Ḫaniš, " 4819"<sup>DEUS</sup>Šamaš e <sup>DEUS</sup>Adad" 4820 4821#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4822#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:456 4823msgid "" 4824"STAR behind it which lights up like <sup>GOD</sup>Ea (and) sets like Ea" 4825msgstr "ESTELA de detrás que ilumina<sup>DEUS</sup>Ea (e) é como Ea" 4826 4827#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4828#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:457 4829msgid "STAR (of) <sup>GOD</sup>Numušda, <sup>GOD</sup>Adad" 4830msgstr "ESTRELA (de) <sup>DEUS</sup>Numušda, <sup>DEUS</sup>Adad" 4831 4832#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4833#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:462 4834msgid "STAR to the left of <sup>STAR</sup><i>ZUQAQĪPU</i>(Scorpion)" 4835msgstr "Estrela á esquerda de <sup>STAR</sup><i>ZUQAQĪPU</i>(Escorpión)" 4836 4837#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4838#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:463 4839msgid "<sup>STAR</sup><i>URIDIMMU</i> = <sup>GOD</sup>Kusu" 4840msgstr "<sup>ESTRELA</sup><i>URIDIMMU</i> = <sup>DEUS </sup>Kusu" 4841 4842#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 4843#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:468 4844#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:416 4845msgid "<sup>STAR</sup><i>ZUQAQĪPU</i>" 4846msgstr "<sup>ESTRELA </sup><i>ZUQAQĪPU</i>" 4847 4848#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4849#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:469 4850msgid "<sup>GOD</sup>Išḫara, lady of the inhabited world" 4851msgstr "<sup>DEUS </sup>Išḫara, señora do mundo inhabitado" 4852 4853#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td><i> 4854#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:474 4855#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:422 4856msgid "<sup>STAR</sup><i>IRAT·ZUQAQĪPI" 4857msgstr "<sup>ESTRELA</sup><i>IRAT·ZUQAQĪPI" 4858 4859#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4860#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:474 4861msgid "</i>(Breast of the Scorpion)" 4862msgstr "</i>(Peito do escorpión)" 4863 4864#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4865#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:475 4866msgid "<sup>GOD</sup>Lisin, <sup>GOD</sup>Nabû" 4867msgstr "<sup>DEUS</sup>Lisin, <sup>DEUS</sup>Nabû" 4868 4869#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 4870#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:476 4871#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:424 4872#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:61 4873msgid "Antares" 4874msgstr "Antares" 4875 4876#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4877#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:480 4878msgid "" 4879"2 STAR<sup>s</sup> on the sting (<i>ZIQTU</i>) of " 4880"<sup>STAR</sup><i>ZUQAQĪPU</i>" 4881msgstr "" 4882"2 ESTRELA<sup>s</sup> na picada (<i>ZIQTU</i>) de " 4883"<sup>ESTRELA</sup><i>ZUQAQĪPU</i>" 4884 4885#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4886#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:481 4887msgid "<sup>GOD</sup>Šarur and <sup>GOD</sup>Šargaz" 4888msgstr "<sup>DEUS</sup>Šarur e <sup>DEUS</sup>Šargaz" 4889 4890#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4891#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:486 4892msgid "STAR behind them" 4893msgstr "ESTRELA detrás deles" 4894 4895#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4896#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:487 4897msgid "<sup>GOD</sup>Pabilsaĝ" 4898msgstr "<sup>DEUS</sup>Pabilsaĝ" 4899 4900#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4901#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:492 4902msgid "<sup>STAR</sup><i>MAKURRU</i>(Bark) <<and>>" 4903msgstr "<sup>ESTRELA</sup><i>MAKURRU</i>(Cortiza) <<e>>" 4904 4905#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4906#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:493 4907msgid "<sup>STAR</sup><i>SUḪURMĀŠU</i>(Goat-fish)" 4908msgstr "<sup>ESTRELA</sup><i>SUḪURMĀŠU</i>(Peixe cabra)" 4909 4910#. type: Content of: <table><tbody><tr><td> 4911#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:498 4912msgid "15 STAR<sup>s</sup> of <sup>GOD</sup>Ea" 4913msgstr "15 ESTRELA<sup>s</sup> de <sup>DEUS</sup>Ea" 4914 4915#. type: Content of: <h3> 4916#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:503 4917#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:12 4918msgid "Source(s)" 4919msgstr "Fonte(s)" 4920 4921#. type: Content of: <p> 4922#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:504 4923msgid "" 4924"The stick figures are interpretations by Susanne M. Hoffmann based on some " 4925"years of her doctoral and post-doctoral research. In some cases they " 4926"deviate from the common identifications copied by Pingree, Hunger and other " 4927"scholars since 1950 or earlier. Hunger's new edition of MUL.APIN (2018) " 4928"allowed new insights. Some of the figures have been derived in Hoffmann's " 4929"dissertation thesis (in the chapters on the Babylonian roots of the Greek " 4930"culture: Hipparchs Himmelsglobus, Springer, 2017) and some others were " 4931"developed during her work as director of the planetarium Königsleiten " 4932"together with other, mainly German, planetariums. A first scientific " 4933"article on visualization of two versions of the Babylonian zodiac appeared " 4934"in: Wolfschmidt, Gudrun [ed.]: Popularisierung der Astronomie, Nuncius " 4935"Hamburgensis, Hamburg, 2017. Further publications are in preparation (e.g. " 4936"together with M. Krebernik for the proceedings of the Rencontre " 4937"Assyriologique Internationale 2018). See chapter \"Further Reading\" below." 4938msgstr "" 4939"As figuras de pau son interpretacións de Susanne M. Hoffmann baseadas " 4940"nalgúns anos da súa investigación doutoral e posdoutoral. Nalgúns casos " 4941"desvíanse das identificacións comúns recollidas polos eruditos Pingree, " 4942"Hunger e outros dende 1950 ou antes. A nova edición de Hunger de MUL.APIN " 4943"(2018) permitiu novas ideas. Algunhas das figuras foron derivadas na tese de" 4944" disertación de Hoffmann (nos capítulos sobre as raíces babilonias da " 4945"cultura grega: Hipparchs Himmelsglobus, Springer, 2017) e outras foron " 4946"desenvolvidas durante o seu traballo como directora do planetario " 4947"Königsleiten xunto con outros, principalmente Planetarios alemáns. Un " 4948"primeiro artigo científico sobre a visualización de dúas versións do zodíaco" 4949" babilónico apareceu en: Wolfschmidt, Gudrun [ed.]: Popularisierung der " 4950"Astronomie, Nuncius Hamburgensis, Hamburgo, 2017. Están en preparación " 4951"outras publicacións (por exemplo xunto con M. Krebernik para o Rencontre " 4952"Assyriologique Internationale 2018). Vera o capítulo \"Lectura adicional\" a" 4953" continuación." 4954 4955#. type: Content of: <h2> 4956#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:513 4957msgid "Sources / Further Reading" 4958msgstr "Fontes / Lecturas posteriores" 4959 4960#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 4961#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:515 4962msgid "" 4963"British Museum <a " 4964"href=\"https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/image/152339001\">Image " 4965"Tablet No 152339001</a>" 4966msgstr "" 4967"British Museum <a " 4968"href=\"https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/image/152339001\">Image " 4969"Tablet No 152339001</a>" 4970 4971#. type: Attribute 'lang' of: <ul><li> 4972#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:516 4973#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:454 4974#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:455 4975#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:456 4976#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:457 4977#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:461 4978msgid "fr" 4979msgstr "fr" 4980 4981#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 4982#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:516 4983msgid "" 4984"Hermann Hunger and John Steele, The Babylonian astronomical compendium " 4985"MUL.APIN, Routledge, London/New York 2018." 4986msgstr "" 4987"Hermann Hunger and John Steele, The Babylonian astronomical compendium " 4988"MUL.APIN, Routledge, London/New York 2018." 4989 4990#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 4991#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:517 4992msgid "" 4993"Susanne M. Hoffmann: <a " 4994"href=\"https://www.springer.com/de/book/9783658186821\">Hipparchs " 4995"Himmelsglobus</a>, Springer, Wiesbaden, New York, 2017." 4996msgstr "" 4997"Susanne M. Hoffmann: <a " 4998"href=\"https://www.springer.com/de/book/9783658186821\">Hipparchs " 4999"Himmelsglobus</a>, Springer, Wiesbaden, New York, 2017." 5000 5001#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 5002#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:518 5003msgid "" 5004"Susanne M. Hoffmann: <em>History of Constellations as popularization of " 5005"uranometry</em> in: Wolfschmidt, Gudrun [ed.]: <a " 5006"href=\"https://tredition.de/autoren/gudrun-wolfschmidt-1029/popularisierung-" 5007"der-astronomie-proceedings-der-tagung-des-arbeitskreises-" 5008"astronomiegeschichte-in-der-astronomischen-gesellschaft-in-" 5009"bochum-2016-hardcover-91756/\">Popularisierung der Astronomie</a>, Nuncius " 5010"Hamburgensis, Bd. 41, Hamburg, 2017." 5011msgstr "" 5012"Susanne M. Hoffmann: <em>History of Constellations as popularization of " 5013"uranometry</em> in: Wolfschmidt, Gudrun [ed.]: <a " 5014"href=\"https://tredition.de/autoren/gudrun-wolfschmidt-1029/popularisierung-" 5015"der-astronomie-proceedings-der-tagung-des-arbeitskreises-" 5016"astronomiegeschichte-in-der-astronomischen-gesellschaft-in-" 5017"bochum-2016-hardcover-91756/\">Popularisierung der Astronomie</a>, Nuncius " 5018"Hamburgensis, Bd. 41, Hamburg, 2017." 5019 5020#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 5021#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:519 5022msgid "" 5023"Susanne M. Hoffmann and M. Krebernik: <em>What do deities tell us about the " 5024"celestial positioning system?</em> in: Proceedings of the Rencontre " 5025"Assyriologique Internationale 2018 (In preparation)." 5026msgstr "" 5027"Susanne M. Hoffmann and M. Krebernik: <em>What do deities tell us about the " 5028"celestial positioning system?</em> in: Proceedings of the Rencontre " 5029"Assyriologique Internationale 2018 (En preparación)." 5030 5031#. type: Content of: <p> 5032#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:523 5033msgid "" 5034"This sky culture originates from many years of research by several scholars." 5035" We provide this for free but authors of contributions certainly deserve to" 5036" be cited according to the common rules. This sky culture is provided under" 5037" CC BY-ND 4.0 International Public Licence (share-alike, do not change it " 5038"without consulting the contributors, and cite the contributors). Thank you!" 5039msgstr "" 5040"Esta cultura do ceo ten a súa orixe en moitos anos de investigación por " 5041"varios estudosos. Ofrecémolo de xeito gratuíto pero os autores das " 5042"contribucións merecen ser citados segundo as regras comúns. Esta cultura do " 5043"ceo inclúese baixo a licenza pública internacional CC BY-ND 4.0 (igual, non " 5044"a cambies sen consultar os colaboradores e citalos). Grazas!" 5045 5046#. type: Content of: <p> 5047#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:528 5048msgid "" 5049"The positioning of the Babylonian terms in the sky and the drawing of the " 5050"stick figures for Stellarium had been done by Susanne M. Hoffmann. As an " 5051"astronomer she thanks for the help of several philologists and the some very" 5052" enthusiastic planetarium managers for some developments in their domes." 5053msgstr "" 5054"A colocación dos termos babilonios no ceo e o debuxo das figuras para " 5055"Stellarium fixérono Susanne M. Hoffmann. Como astrónoma agradece a axuda de " 5056"varios filólogos e algúns xestores de planetarios moi entusiastas por algúns" 5057" desenvolvementos nas súas cúpulas." 5058 5059#. type: Content of: <p><ul><li> 5060#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:531 5061msgid "Prof. i.R. Dr. Hermann Hunger (Assyriology, Vienna)" 5062msgstr "Prof. i.R. Dr. Hermann Hunger (Assyriology, Vienna)" 5063 5064#. type: Content of: <p><ul><li> 5065#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:532 5066msgid "Prof. Dr. Manfred Krebernik (Assyriology, Jena)" 5067msgstr "Prof. Dr. Manfred Krebernik (Assyriology, Jena)" 5068 5069#. type: Content of: <p><ul><li> 5070#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:533 5071#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:470 5072msgid "" 5073"Dr. Björn Voss (Manager of LWL Planetarium Münster and head of Society of " 5074"German-speaking Planetariums)" 5075msgstr "" 5076"Dr. Björn Voss (Manager of LWL Planetarium Münster and head of Society of " 5077"German-speaking Planetariums)" 5078 5079#. type: Content of: <p><ul><li> 5080#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:534 5081msgid "Dr. Monika Staesche (Manager of Planetarium am Insulaner, Berlin)" 5082msgstr "Dr. Monika Staesche (Manager of Planetarium am Insulaner, Berlin)" 5083 5084#. type: Content of: <p><ul><li> 5085#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:535 5086#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:471 5087msgid "Stefan Harnisch (Manager of Planetarium Jena)" 5088msgstr "Stefan Harnisch (Manager of Planetarium Jena)" 5089 5090#. type: Content of: <p> 5091#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:540 5092msgid "" 5093"The Babylonian star names and constellation lines were compiled and added to" 5094" Stellarium:" 5095msgstr "" 5096"Nomes de estrelas e liñas de constelacións babilonias que se engadiron a " 5097"Stellarium:" 5098 5099#. type: Content of: <p> 5100#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:541 5101msgid "<em>Susanne M. Hoffmann: service@uhura-uraniae.com </em>" 5102msgstr "<em>Susanne M. Hoffmann: service@uhura-uraniae.com </em>" 5103 5104#. type: Content of: <p> 5105#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:542 5106msgid "" 5107"Paintings by: <em>Jessica Gullberg </em> (consulted by Steven Gullberg and " 5108"Susanne M Hoffmann)" 5109msgstr "" 5110"Debuxos de: <em>Jessica Gullberg </em> (consultada por Steven Gullberg e " 5111"Susanne M Hoffmann)" 5112 5113#. type: Content of: <h5> 5114#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:543 5115#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:305 5116#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:294 5117msgid "written in English:" 5118msgstr "escrito en inglés:" 5119 5120#. type: Content of: <h5> 5121#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_mulapin/description.en.utf8:543 5122msgid "SMH" 5123msgstr "SMH" 5124 5125#. type: Content of: <h1> 5126#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:1 5127msgid "Babylonian — Seleucid" 5128msgstr "Babilonia — seléucida" 5129 5130#. type: Content of: <p> 5131#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:2 5132msgid "" 5133"The Seleucid Era in Babylonian history is the era of the successors of " 5134"Alexander the Great who conquered Babylon in 331 BCE. In these days MUL.APIN" 5135" (already thousand years old) was still copied and, thus, appears to have " 5136"developed to be an old-fashioned but not outdated standard. Moreover, there " 5137"is no alternative compendium like MUL.APIN from the Late Babylonian epoch." 5138msgstr "" 5139"A Era Seleucida na historia babilónica é a era dos sucesores de Alexandre " 5140"Magno que conquistaron Babilonia no 331 aC. Nestes días, MUL.APIN (que xa " 5141"ten mil anos) aínda estaba copiándose e, polo tanto, parece desenvolverse " 5142"como un estándar anticuado pero non desactualizado. Ademais, non hai un " 5143"compendio alternativo como MUL.APIN na época babilonia tardía." 5144 5145#. type: Content of: <p> 5146#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:3 5147msgid "" 5148"This <em>Seleucid</em> or <em>Late Babylonian sky culture</em> is supposed " 5149"to show the (estimated) state of Babylonian constellations contemporary to " 5150"the Greek culture. There is no description of the full sky. Changes with " 5151"regard to the MUL.APIN version have certainly applied in the zodiac since " 5152"several centuries. This can be stated for sure because in this time, there " 5153"is a blossoming zodiacal astrology. Since there had been no zodiac in " 5154"MUL.APIN and the zodiac developed around the middle of the -1st millennium, " 5155"in the 2nd half of the 1st millennium BCE, there had been different versions" 5156" of the constellations around the ecliptic." 5157msgstr "" 5158"A cultura <em>Seleucid</em> ou <em>cultura do ceo babilonia tardía</em> " 5159"suponse que amosa o estado (estimado) das constelacións babilónicas " 5160"contemporáneas á cultura grega. Non hai unha descrición do ceo completo. Os " 5161"cambios respecto á versión MUL.APIN seguramente se aplican no zodíaco desde " 5162"hai varios séculos. Isto pódese afirmar con certeza porque neste tempo hai " 5163"unha astroloxía zodiacal en flor. Como non había zodíaco en MUL.APIN e o " 5164"zodíaco se desenvolveu cara a mediados do -1º milenio, na segunda metade do " 5165"1º milenio aC, houbo diferentes versións das constelacións arredor da " 5166"eclíptica." 5167 5168#. type: Content of: <p> 5169#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:6 5170msgid "" 5171"However, we do not know much about the rest of the sky. Hence, for the " 5172"constellations far away from the zodiac, again the constellations of " 5173"MUL.APIN can be taken as state of the art. Please see MUL.APIN sky culture " 5174"for more information and use the MUL.APIN constellations for an impression " 5175"of the Old Babylonian (or Middle Babylonian) sky culture." 5176msgstr "" 5177"Non obstante, non sabemos moito do resto do ceo. Por iso, para as " 5178"constelacións moi afastadas do zodíaco, de novo pódense tomar como " 5179"constantes as constelacións de MUL.APIN. Consultar a cultura do ceo de " 5180"MUL.APIN para obter máis información e usar as constelacións MUL.APIN para " 5181"obter unha impresión da cultura do ceo antiga babilonia (ou babilonia " 5182"media)." 5183 5184#. type: Content of: <h3> 5185#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:8 5186msgid "Single Stars" 5187msgstr "Estrelas simples" 5188 5189#. type: Content of: <p> 5190#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:10 5191msgid "" 5192"In contrast to constellations, there are much more lists of single stars " 5193"preserved from the later epochs. We use this Late Babylonian or Seleucid sky" 5194" culture to focus on the single star names. There are plenty of <i>ziqpu</i>" 5195" lists (lists of culminating stars) and for measurements in the zodiac, " 5196"\"normal stars\" have been introduced. Normal stars (from Latin \"norma\" = " 5197"the measure) are a frame of reference for mathematical astrometry of the " 5198"Late Babylonian epoch. While for most of the other stars the margin of error" 5199" concerning their identification with a celestial counterpart is sometimes " 5200"huge, the normal stars are identified properly because their coordinates can" 5201" be derived from the planets standing next to them (Jones, 2004)." 5202msgstr "" 5203"En contraste coas constelacións, hai moito máis listas de estrelas simples " 5204"conservadas das épocas posteriores. Usamos a cultura do ceo babilonio tardío" 5205" ou seléucida para centrarnos nos nomes estelares únicos. Hai moitas " 5206"listaxes <i>ziqpu</i> (listaxes de estrelas culminantes) e para as medicións" 5207" no zodíaco introducíronse \"estrelas normais\". As estrelas normais (do " 5208"latín \"norma\" = medida) son un marco de referencia para a astrometría " 5209"matemática da época babilónica tardía. Aínda que para a maioría das outras " 5210"estrelas a marxe de erro relativa á súa identificación cun homólogo celeste " 5211"é ás veces enorme, as estrelas normais identifícanse adecuadamente porque as" 5212" súas coordenadas poden derivarse dos planetas situados ó seu carón (Jones, " 5213"2004)." 5214 5215#. type: Content of: <p> 5216#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:13 5217msgid "" 5218"The lists of ziqpu stars and normal stars are mostly compiled from the " 5219"modern compendium Hunger and Pingree: Astral Science in Mesopotamia, 1999 " 5220"and some of the other papers given in \"Further Reading\". The book by " 5221"Hoffmann, 2017 already contains several computations with these stars and " 5222"more literature (e.g. Wayne Horowitz has worked on <i>ziqpu</i> stars for " 5223"many years but is not mentioned here with a special paper although his " 5224"translations contributed a lot for this study). A likely version of the Late" 5225" Babylonian stick figures will be added in a later release of Stellarium." 5226msgstr "" 5227"As listas de estrelas ziqpu e estrelas normais recóllense maioritariamente a" 5228" partir do compendio moderno Hunger e Pingree: Astral Science in " 5229"Mesopotamia, 1999 e algúns dos outros traballos publicados en \"Advanced " 5230"Reading\". O libro de Hoffmann, 2017 xa contén varios cálculos con estas " 5231"estrelas e máis literatura (por exemplo, Wayne Horowitz traballou as " 5232"estrelas <i>ziqpu</i> durante moitos anos pero non se menciona aquí cun " 5233"artigo especial, aínda que as súas traducións contribuíron moito para este " 5234"estudo). Unha versión probable das figuras tardías de babilonia aparecerá " 5235"nunha nova versión de Stellarium." 5236 5237#. type: Content of: <p><h3> 5238#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:16 5239msgid "MUL.APIN constellations partially re-worked" 5240msgstr "Constelacións MUL.APIN parcialmente reconstruídas" 5241 5242#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 5243#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:22 5244#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:210 5245#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:348 5246msgid "asterism" 5247msgstr "asterismo" 5248 5249#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 5250#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:23 5251#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:211 5252#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:349 5253msgid "our commentary" 5254msgstr "o noso comentario" 5255 5256#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 5257#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:35 5258msgid "" 5259"<sup>STAR</sup><i>BARBARU</i> (Wolf): seeder of <sup>STAR</sup><i>EPINNU</i>" 5260msgstr "" 5261"<sup>ESTRELA</sup><i>BARBARU</i> (Lobo): sementador de " 5262"<sup>ESTRELA</sup><i>EPINNU</i>" 5263 5264#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 5265#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:36 5266msgid "\"wolf\" here does not mean the animal but a part of the plough." 5267msgstr "\"lobo\" aquí non significa o animal senón unha parte do arado." 5268 5269#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 5270#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:64 5271msgid "do not exist anymore (merged with Great Twins)" 5272msgstr "xa non existe (fusionado con Grandes Xemelgos)" 5273 5274#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 5275#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:81 5276msgid "STAR opposite <sup>STAR</sup><i>URGULÛ</i>: STAR (of the) King" 5277msgstr "" 5278"ESTRELA oposta <sup>ESTRELA</sup><i>URGULÛ</i>: ESTRELA (do) Rei" 5279 5280#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 5281#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:87 5282msgid "" 5283"twinkling STARs in the tail of <sup>STAR</sup><i>URGULÛ</i>: " 5284""date-palm spadix" (jewellery?) (of) <sup>GOD</sup>Erua" 5285msgstr "" 5286"ESTRELAs brillantes no rabo de <sup>ESTRELA</sup><i>URGULÛ</i>: " 5287""espátula de dátiles" (xoiería?) (de) <sup>DEUS</sup>Erua" 5288 5289#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 5290#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:93 5291msgid "<sup>STAR</sup>ŠU.PA(The Bright?) = <sup>GOD</sup>Enlil" 5292msgstr "<sup>ESTRELA</sup>ŠU.PA(A Brillante?) = <sup>DEUS</sup>Enlil" 5293 5294#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 5295#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:99 5296msgid "" 5297"STAR in front of it: <sup>STAR</sup><i>ḪENGALLĀYU</i> (Abundant)" 5298msgstr "" 5299"ESTRELA en fronte: <sup>ESTRELA</sup><i>ḪENGALLĀYU</i> " 5300"(Abundante)" 5301 5302#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 5303#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:105 5304msgid "STAR behind it: <sup>STAR</sup><i>BĀŠTUM</i> (Dignity)" 5305msgstr "" 5306"ESTRELA detrás: <sup>ESTRELA</sup><i>BĀŠTUM</i> (Dignidade)" 5307 5308#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 5309#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:111 5310msgid "<sup>STAR</sup><i>EREQQU</i> (Wagon)" 5311msgstr "<sup>ESTRELA </sup><i>EREQQU</i>(Vagón)" 5312 5313#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 5314#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:117 5315msgid "" 5316"STAR by the pole of <sup>STAR</sup><i>EREQQU</i>: " 5317"<sup>STAR</sup><i>ŠĒLEBU</i>(Fox)" 5318msgstr "" 5319"ESTRELA no polo de <sup>ESTRELA</sup><i>EREQQU</i>: " 5320"<sup>ESTRELA</sup><i>ŠĒLEBU</i>(Raposo)" 5321 5322#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 5323#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:119 5324msgid "Alcor" 5325msgstr "Alcor" 5326 5327#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 5328#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:123 5329msgid "" 5330"STAR on the forehead of <sup>STAR</sup><i>EREQQU</i>: " 5331"<sup>STAR</sup><i>LAḪRU</i>(Ewe)" 5332msgstr "" 5333"ESTRELA detrás de <sup>ESTRELA</sup><i>EREQQU</i>: " 5334"<sup>ESTRELA</sup><i>LAḪRU</i>(Ovella)" 5335 5336#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 5337#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:129 5338msgid "<sup>STAR</sup>MU.BU.KÉŠ.DA (Hitched yoke?)" 5339msgstr "<sup>ESTRELA</sup>MU.BU.KÉŠ.DA (Xugo enganchado?)" 5340 5341#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 5342#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:135 5343msgid "<sup>STAR</sup>MAR.GÍD.DA.AN.NA (Wagon of heaven)" 5344msgstr "<sup>Estrela</sup>MAR.GÍD.DA.AN.NA (Vagón do ceo)" 5345 5346#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 5347#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:141 5348msgid "" 5349"STAR in its bond: <sup>STAR</sup><i>APIL-EMAḪ</i> (Heir of the " 5350"Emaḫ-temple)" 5351msgstr "" 5352"ESTRELA na súa ligadura: <sup>ESTRELA</sup><i>APIL-EMAḪ</i> (Cabelo de" 5353" Emaḫ-templo)" 5354 5355#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 5356#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:153 5357msgid "" 5358"STAR in front of <sup>STAR</sup><i>ENZU</i>: " 5359"<sup>STAR</sup><i>KALBU</i>(Dog) [of Goddess Gula]" 5360msgstr "" 5361"ESTRELA fronte a <sup>ESTRELA</sup><i>ENZU</i>: " 5362"<sup>ESTRELA</sup><i>KALBU</i>(Can) [da deusa Gula]" 5363 5364#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 5365#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:165 5366msgid "" 5367"2 STAR<sup>s</sup> behind it: <sup>GOD</sup>Nin-SAR and " 5368"<sup>GOD</sup>Errakal" 5369msgstr "" 5370"2 ESTRELA<sup>s</sup> detrás: <sup>DEUS</sup>Nin-SAR e " 5371"<sup>DEUS</sup>Errakal" 5372 5373#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 5374#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:171 5375msgid "<sup>STAR</sup><i>nimru</i> (Panther)" 5376msgstr "<sup>ESTRELA</sup><i>nimru</i> (Pantera)" 5377 5378#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 5379#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:172 5380msgid "" 5381"In Late Babylonian language (\"dictionaries\") a new reading of this " 5382"constellation name appears: it should be interpreted as Akkadian word " 5383"\"nimru\" translating to \"the Panther\"; the old demon at this place seems " 5384"to have been replaced." 5385msgstr "" 5386"En lingua babilonia tardía (\"dicionarios\") aparece unha nova lectura deste" 5387" nome da constelación: debería interpretarse como a palabra acadia \"nimru\"" 5388" traducíndose como \"a pantera\"; o vello demo neste lugar parece que debe " 5389"ser substituído." 5390 5391#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 5392#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:177 5393msgid "" 5394"STAR to the right of it: <sup>STAR</sup>Š<i>AḪÛ</i> (Pig)" 5395msgstr "" 5396"ESTRELA á dereita: <sup>ESTRELA</sup>Š<i>AḪÛ</i> (Porco)" 5397 5398#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 5399#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:183 5400msgid "STAR to the left of it: <sup>STARS</sup><i>SISÛ</i> (Horse)" 5401msgstr "ESTRELA á esquerda: <sup>ESTRELAS</sup><i>SISÛ</i> (Cabalo)" 5402 5403#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 5404#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:189 5405msgid "STAR behind it: <sup>STAR</sup><i>LULIMMU</i> (Stag)" 5406msgstr "ESTRELA detrás: <sup>ESTRELA</sup><i>LULIMMU</i> (Corzo)" 5407 5408#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 5409#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:190 5410msgid "" 5411"We shifted the Stag to display another suggestion and because the Panther " 5412"occupies different areas than the UKADUA demon. It is still uncertain but in" 5413" this version the breast of the Stag includes M31 which could be the \"Field" 5414" Mouse\"." 5415msgstr "" 5416"Cambiamos o Corzo para amosar outra suxestión e porque a Pantera ocupa " 5417"diferentes áreas do demo UKADUA. Aínda non é incerto pero nesta versión o " 5418"peito do Corzo inclúe M31 que podería ser o \"Rato de campo\"." 5419 5420#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 5421#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:195 5422msgid "" 5423"twinkling STAR<sup>s</sup> opposite <sup>STAR</sup><i>LULIMMU</i>(Stag): " 5424"<sup>GOD</sup>Ḫarriru (Field Mouse)" 5425msgstr "" 5426"ESTRELA<sup>s</sup> brillante oposta " 5427"<sup>ESTRELA</sup><i>LULIMMU</i>(Corzo): <sup>DEUS</sup>Ḫarriru (Rato " 5428"de campo)" 5429 5430#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 5431#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:201 5432msgid "Path of <sup>GOD</sup>Enlil finished." 5433msgstr "Camiño de <sup>DEUS</sup>Enlil rematado." 5434 5435#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 5436#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:223 5437msgid "" 5438"STAR opposite <sup>STAR</sup>ONE·'FIELD': " 5439"<sup>STAR</sup><i>ŠINŪNUTU</i>(Swallow)" 5440msgstr "" 5441"ESTRELA oposta <sup>ESTRELA</sup>E·'FIELD': " 5442"<sup>ESTRELA</sup><i>ŠINŪNUTU</i>(Andoriña)" 5443 5444#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 5445#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:224 5446msgid "" 5447"the southern one of the two ellipses of fish; in comparison to the earlier " 5448"version a small constellation which shifted northwestwards" 5449msgstr "" 5450"o sur das dúas elipses de peixes; en comparación coa versión anterior, unha " 5451"pequena constelación que se desprazou cara ó noroeste" 5452 5453#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 5454#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:229 5455msgid "<sup>STAR</sup><i>ZIBATI</i>(Tails)" 5456msgstr "<sup>ESTRELA</sup><i>ZIBATI</i>(Rabos)" 5457 5458#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 5459#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:230 5460msgid "" 5461"Since the Old Babylonian 'Great Swallow' turned into a small swallow and was" 5462" shifted to another place, the V-shaped tails of the Great Swallow remained " 5463"without any meaning. Still, they are used as constellation (Tails - but " 5464"nobody knows of whom). Later, the V-shape was interpreted as a band " 5465"connecting the little swallow with a little fish below the constellation of " 5466"Anunitu." 5467msgstr "" 5468"Dado que a \"Gran Anduriña\" do antigo babilonio se converteu nunha pequena " 5469"andoriña e foi trasladada a outro lugar, os rabos en forma de V da Gran " 5470"Androiña permaneceron sen ningún significado. Aínda así, úsanse como " 5471"constelación (Rabos, pero ninguén sabe de quen). Máis tarde, a forma en V " 5472"foi interpretada coma unha fita que conectaba a pequena andoriña cun pequeno" 5473" peixe debaixo da constelación de Anunitu." 5474 5475#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 5476#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:236 5477msgid "" 5478"STAR behind <sup>STAR</sup>ONE·'FIELD': " 5479"<sup>STAR</sup><i>ANUNNĪTU</i>" 5480msgstr "" 5481"ESTRELA de detrás <sup>ESTRELA</sup>·'FIELD': " 5482"<sup>ESTRELA</sup><i>ANUNNĪTU</i>" 5483 5484#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 5485#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:237 5486msgid "" 5487"Our stick figure is prepared to transform to the Greek Andromeda: Anunitu is" 5488" another name for the Babylonian goddess of sexual love Ishtar who was " 5489"equalized with Greek Aphrodite whose myth in Syria was connected to fish." 5490msgstr "" 5491"A nosa figura de pau está preparada para transformarse na Andromeda grega: " 5492"Anunitu é outro nome para a deusa babilónica do amor sexual Ishtar que se " 5493"comparou con Afrodita grega cuxo mito en Siria estaba relacionado cos " 5494"peixes." 5495 5496#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 5497#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:242 5498msgid "STAR behind it: <sup>STAR</sup><i>AGRU</i>(Hired Worker)" 5499msgstr "ESTRELA de detrás: <sup>STAR</sup><i>AGRU</i>(Traballador contratado)" 5500 5501#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 5502#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:243 5503msgid "" 5504"Over centuries of abbreviation of the names of constellations, the " 5505"Babylonian LU.HUN.GA transformed to HUN which is a sign similar to UDU " 5506"(sheep). Therefore, the working man transformed to a sheep. This was likely " 5507"a Babylonian wordplay only and therefore the constellation figure is not " 5508"supposed to really look like a sheep." 5509msgstr "" 5510"Ó longo de séculos de abreviatura dos nomes das constelacións, o LU.HUN.GA " 5511"babilónico transformouse en HUN que é un signo similar a UDU (ovella). Polo " 5512"tanto, o home traballador transformouse nunha ovella. Este era probablemente" 5513" só un xogo de palabras babilonio e, polo tanto, non parece que a figura da " 5514"constelación se pareza realmente a unha ovella." 5515 5516#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 5517#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:249 5518msgid "STAR.STAR(<i>ZAPPU</i>, Bristle): <sup>GOD</sup>Sebettu" 5519msgstr "ESTRELA.ESTRELA(<i>ZAPPU</i>, Pelo): <sup>DEUS</sup>Sebettu" 5520 5521#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 5522#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:250 5523msgid "" 5524"Old Babylonian termed only \"the Star Cluster\", Middle Babylonian insists " 5525"to equalize this with Sebettu (the Seven Gods, warriors) - reason unknown. " 5526"Late Babylonian more often uses the term \"the Bristle\" on the neck of the " 5527"Bull. This interpretation is equal to the Greek one." 5528msgstr "" 5529"Os antigos babilonios chamábano \"o cúmulo das estrelas\", e os babilonios " 5530"medios insisten en igualar isto con Sebettu (os sete deuses, guerreiros), " 5531"por razóns descoñecidas. Os babilonios tardíos usan máis frecuentemente o " 5532"termo \"O pelo\" no pescozo do touro. Esta interpretación é igual á grega." 5533 5534#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 5535#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:256 5536msgid "" 5537"<sup>STAR</sup>BULL·OF·HEAVEN(<i>ALÛ</i>) and " 5538"<sup>GOD</sup><i>Is-lê</i> (Jaw of the Wild Bull)" 5539msgstr "" 5540"<sup>ESTRELA</sup>TOURO·DO·CEO(<i>ALÛ</i>) e " 5541"<sup>DEUS</sup><i>Is-lê</i> (Mandíbula de touro salvaxe)" 5542 5543#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 5544#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:257 5545msgid "" 5546"The Bull of Heaven is a mythological figure from the epos of Gilgamesh. " 5547"Gilgamesh fights him and divides him in halves (which explains its depiction" 5548" in the sky). The \"Jaw\" are the Hyades." 5549msgstr "" 5550"O touro do ceo é unha figura mitolóxica da epopea de Gilgamesh. Gilgamesh " 5551"loita contra el e divídeo pola metade (o que explica a súa representación no" 5552" ceo). A \"Mandíbula\" son as Hyades." 5553 5554#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 5555#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:258 5556msgid "and Hyades" 5557msgstr "e Pléiades" 5558 5559#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 5560#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:277 5561msgid "STAR behind it: <sup>STAR</sup><i>TARLUGALLU</i> (Cock)" 5562msgstr "ESTRELA de detrás: <sup>ESTRELA</sup><i>TARLUGALLU</i> (Galo)" 5563 5564#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 5565#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:278 5566msgid "" 5567"Normally, the Cock is identified with modern Lepus but this does not make " 5568"any sense to me: \"behind\" Orion, i.e. rising after him is Prokyon, a very " 5569"bright star without any known Babylonian name. The Greeks named him \"pro " 5570"kyon\" (rising before the dog) because in some of the conquered cultures " 5571"Prokyon was an indicator for the soon rising of Sirius (the dog star for " 5572"them). Sirius was not a dog star in Babylonian sky culture but, however, " 5573"important for the calendar. That is why, I suggest to take Prokyon for a " 5574"crowing rooster, somehow announcing the brighter Sirius." 5575msgstr "" 5576"Normalmente O galo identifícase con Lepus moderno pero isto non ten ningún " 5577"sentido para min: \"detrás\" de Orión, é dicir, sobre el está Prokyon, unha " 5578"estrela moi brillante sen nome babilónico coñecido. Os gregos nomeárono " 5579"\"pro kyon\" (erguéndose antes có can) porque nalgunhas das culturas " 5580"conquistadas Prokyon foi un indicador para o pronto ascenso de Sirius (a " 5581"estrela do can para eles). Sirius non foi unha estrela do can na cultura do " 5582"ceo babilonia pero, con todo, era importante para o calendario. É por iso " 5583"que suxerín considerar a Prokyon un galo que chegue anunciando dalgún xeito " 5584"o máis brillante Sirius." 5585 5586#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 5587#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:284 5588msgid "<sup>STAR</sup>GAG.SI.SÁ (Arrow)" 5589msgstr "<sup>ESTRELA</sup>GAG.SI.SÁ (Frecha)" 5590 5591#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 5592#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:285 5593msgid "" 5594"The depicted version is a suggestion. Sure is only Sirius, for the rest, " 5595"there are multiple options." 5596msgstr "" 5597"A versión representada é unha suxestión. Seguro que só é Sirius, polo " 5598"demais, hai múltiples opcións." 5599 5600#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 5601#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:291 5602msgid "<sup>STAR</sup><i>QAŠTU</i> (Bow)" 5603msgstr "<sup>ESTRELA</sup><i>QAŠTU</i> (Arco)" 5604 5605#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 5606#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:292 5607msgid "" 5608"I suppose, this is the mostly accepted version (out of several existing " 5609"options)." 5610msgstr "" 5611"Supoño que esta é a versión máis aceptada (entre as varias opcións " 5612"existentes)." 5613 5614#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 5615#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:298 5616msgid "STAR (of) <sup>GOD</sup>NIRAḪ (Snake-god)" 5617msgstr "ESTRELA (de) <sup>DEUS</sup>NIRAḪ (Deus serpente)" 5618 5619#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 5620#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:305 5621msgid "<sup>STAR</sup><i>ĀRIBU</i> (Raven)" 5622msgstr "<sup>ESTRELA</sup><i>ĀRIBU</i> (Corvo)" 5623 5624#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 5625#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:312 5626msgid "<sup>STAR</sup><i><sup>GOD</sup>Šala</i>, ear of grain" 5627msgstr "<sup>ESTRELA</sup><i><sup>DEUS</sup>Šala</i>, espiga de trigo" 5628 5629#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 5630#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:313 5631msgid "" 5632"The old constellation of the Furrow vanished and left the Maiden (goddess " 5633"Šala) instead. The stable element is the 'ear of grain' as name for " 5634"the brightest star (Greek Stachys, Latin Spica)." 5635msgstr "" 5636"A vella constelación do suco esvaeceuse e deixou á doncela (deusa " 5637"Šala) no seu lugar. O elemento estable é a \"espiga de trigo\" como " 5638"nome da estrela máis brillante (grego Stachys, latín Spica)." 5639 5640#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 5641#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:320 5642msgid "" 5643"Since MUL.APIN identifies the Scales with a part (horns) of the Scorpion " 5644"this constellation vanished in early Greek astronomy and re-appeared only in" 5645" early Roman times (Almagest and thereafter). We think, that the earlier " 5646"versions of the Scales should have been a separate constellation and not " 5647"part of the Scorpion. That's why, we turned it around 180° because in the " 5648"Babylonian sky culture Virgo (as Furrow as well as the Maiden Šala) " 5649"does not need so much space." 5650msgstr "" 5651"Dado que MUL.APIN identifica as escalas cunha parte (cornos) do Escorpión, " 5652"esta constelación esvaeceuse na astronomía grega temperá e volveu aparecer " 5653"só nos primeiros tempos romanos (Almagest e despois). Pensamos que as " 5654"versións anteriores das escalas deberían ser unha constelación separada e " 5655"non formar parte do Escorpión. É por iso que o xiramos ó redor de 180° " 5656"porque na cultura do ceo babilonia Virxe (tanto o Suco como a Šala de" 5657" Maiden) non necesita tanto espazo." 5658 5659#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 5660#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:327 5661msgid "Normally identified with the area of Ophiuchus." 5662msgstr "Normalmente identificada coa área de Ofiúco" 5663 5664#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 5665#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:332 5666msgid "" 5667"<sup>STAR</sup><i>ERÛ</i> (Eagle) and <sup>STAR</sup><i>PAGRU</i> " 5668"(Corpse)" 5669msgstr "" 5670"<sup>ESTRELA</sup><i>ERÛ</i> (Aguia) e <sup>ESTRELA</sup><i>PAGRU</i> " 5671"(Cadáver)" 5672 5673#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 5674#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:333 5675msgid "" 5676"The Eagle (Aql) is connected with a Corpse which reminds on the Almagest " 5677"figure of the Eagle carrying dead Antinuos. It appears likely that the " 5678"Eagle, in former times, had been a vulture because vultures are associated " 5679"with dead bodies and eagles not and in Babylonian mythology an eagle carries" 5680" preferably a living (not dead) man. Additionally, many early languages do " 5681"not distinguish eagles and vultures." 5682msgstr "" 5683"A Aguia está conectada cun cadáver que recorda a figura de Almagest, da " 5684"aguia que levaba a Antinuos mortos. Parece probable que a aguia, en tempos " 5685"antigos, fose un voitre porque os voitres están asociados a cadáveres e as " 5686"aguias non, e na mitoloxía babilónica unha aguia leva preferentemente un " 5687"home vivo (non morto). Ademais, moitas linguas temperás non distinguen as " 5688"aguias e os voitres." 5689 5690#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 5691#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:339 5692msgid "Path of Anum completed." 5693msgstr "Camiño de Anum completado." 5694 5695#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 5696#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:356 5697msgid "Greek \"the Great Fish\"" 5698msgstr "Grego \"O Gran Peixe\"" 5699 5700#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 5701#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:363 5702msgid "GREAT·STAR: <sup>GOD</sup>Ea" 5703msgstr "GRAN·ESTRELA: <sup>DEUS</sup>Ea" 5704 5705#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 5706#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:364 5707msgid "" 5708"The god of wisdom and witchcraft, Ea, is usually depicted with streams of " 5709"water springing from his shoulders. For Babylonians this was a clear image " 5710"of the springs of Euphrates and Tigris. Since this was not cler to the " 5711"Greek, they named this figure simply \"the Man with the Water\" or \"Water-" 5712"Carrier\"." 5713msgstr "" 5714"O deus da sabedoría e da bruxería, Ea, normalmente móstrase con correntes de" 5715" auga que brotan dos seus ombreiros. Para os babilonios esta era unha imaxe " 5716"clara das fontes do Éufrates e o Tigris. Dado que isto non se relacionaba co" 5717" grego, nomearon esta figura simplemente como \"o home coa auga\" ou " 5718"\"transporte de auga\"." 5719 5720#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 5721#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:377 5722msgid "STAR to its right: STAR (of) <sup><GOD></sup>Ninmaḫ" 5723msgstr "" 5724"ESTRELA á sua dereita: ESTRELA (de) <sup><DEUS></sup>Ninmaḫ" 5725 5726#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 5727#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:378 5728msgid "" 5729"Since Canopus is almost opposite Aquarius in the sky, it is unclear where " 5730"this asterism is to be located." 5731msgstr "" 5732"Dado que Canopus está case fronte a Acuario no ceo, non está claro onde se " 5733"debe localizar este asterismo." 5734 5735#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 5736#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:385 5737msgid "still unclear" 5738msgstr "aínda non está claro" 5739 5740#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 5741#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:391 5742msgid "" 5743"STAR to its right: <sup>STAR</sup><i>MAŠKAKĀTU</i>(Harrow), in " 5744"the centre of which the Apsû is visible" 5745msgstr "" 5746"ESTRELA á súa dereita: " 5747"<sup>ESTRELA</sup><i>MAŠKAKĀTU</i>(Frecha), no centro da cal se " 5748"ve Apsû" 5749 5750#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 5751#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:392 5752msgid "" 5753"still unclear - but maybe the Apsû is the southernmost part of the " 5754"Milky Way." 5755msgstr "" 5756"aínda non está claro, pero quizais o Apsû sexa a parte máis meridional" 5757" da Vía Láctea." 5758 5759#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 5760#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:397 5761msgid "" 5762"2 STAR<sup>s</sup> behind it: <sup>GOD</sup>Šullat and " 5763"<sup>GOD</sup>Ḫaniš" 5764msgstr "" 5765"2 ESTRELA<sup>s</sup> de detrás: <sup>DEUS</sup>Šullat e " 5766"<sup>DEUS</sup>Ḫaniš" 5767 5768#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 5769#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:398 5770msgid "no hints, no clue" 5771msgstr "sen coincidencias nin pistas" 5772 5773#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 5774#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:403 5775msgid "" 5776"STAR behind it which lights up like <sup>GOD</sup>Ea (and) sets like Ea: " 5777"STAR (of) <sup>GOD</sup>Numušda" 5778msgstr "" 5779"ESTRELA de detrás que ilumina <sup>DEUS</sup>Ea (e) é como Ea: ESTRELA (de) " 5780"<sup>DEUS</sup>Numušda" 5781 5782#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 5783#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:404 5784msgid "should be an male anthropomorphous figure (a god)" 5785msgstr "debería ser unha figura antropomórfica masculina (un deus)" 5786 5787#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 5788#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:410 5789msgid "" 5790"STAR to the left of <sup>STAR</sup><i>ZUQAQĪPU</i> (Scorpion): " 5791"<sup>STAR</sup><i>URIDIMMU</i>" 5792msgstr "" 5793"ESTRELA á dereita de <sup>ESTRELA</sup><i>ZUQAQĪPU</i> (Escorpión): " 5794"<sup>ESTRELA</sup><i>URIDIMMU</i>" 5795 5796#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 5797#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:422 5798msgid "</i> (Breast of the Scorpion): <sup>GOD</sup>Lisin" 5799msgstr "</i> (Peito do escorpión): <sup>DEUS</sup>Lisin" 5800 5801#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 5802#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:423 5803msgid "single star name" 5804msgstr "nome de estrela simple" 5805 5806#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 5807#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:428 5808msgid "" 5809"2 STAR<sup>s</sup> on the sting (<i>ZIQTU</i>) of " 5810"<sup>STAR</sup><i>ZUQAQĪPU</i>: <sup>GOD</sup>Šarur and " 5811"<sup>GOD</sup>Šargaz" 5812msgstr "" 5813"2 ESTRELA<sup>s</sup> na picada (<i>ZIQTU</i>) de " 5814"<sup>ESTRELA</sup><i>ZUQAQĪPU</i>: <sup>DEUS</sup>Šarur e " 5815"<sup>DEUS</sup>Šargaz" 5816 5817#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 5818#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:429 5819msgid "" 5820"Since Šargaz is an old term for the sting, this is almost clear and " 5821"re-applied as official modern star name by the IAU 2016." 5822msgstr "" 5823"Dado que Šargaz é un antigo termo para a picada, este está bastante " 5824"claro e reaplícase como nome oficial de estrela moderna polo IAU 2016." 5825 5826#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 5827#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:434 5828msgid "STAR behind them: <sup>GOD</sup>Pabilsaĝ" 5829msgstr "ESTRELA de detrás: <sup>DEUS</sup>Pabilsaĝ" 5830 5831#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 5832#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:435 5833msgid "" 5834"The depiction of god Pabilsaĝ is iconographically clear. It can easily " 5835"be transformed to a Greek centaur (see Boll, 1903)." 5836msgstr "" 5837"A representación do deus Pabilsaĝ é iconográfica clara. Pódese " 5838"transformar facilmente nun centauro grego (ver Boll, 1903)." 5839 5840#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 5841#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:440 5842msgid "" 5843"<sup>STAR</sup><i>MAKURRU</i> (Bark) (and?) " 5844"<sup>STAR</sup><i>SUḪURMĀŠU</i> (Goat-fish)" 5845msgstr "" 5846"<sup>ESTRELA</sup><i>MAKURRU</i> (Cortiza) (e?) " 5847"<sup>ESTRELA</sup><i>SUḪURMĀŠU</i> (Peixe cabra)" 5848 5849#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 5850#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:441 5851msgid "" 5852"Either the Bark was identified with the Goat-Fish implying that both terms " 5853"designate the same constellation (esp. likely for Old Babylonian epochs " 5854"before MUL.APIN, hypotheses published by Craig Crossen in Sky&Telescope). " 5855"Alternatively (and esp. likely for later epochs) the Bark was shifted to the" 5856" west, under the feet of Pabilsaĝ (Sagittarius). That explains " 5857"Eratosthenes's long debate on the illogial image of a centaur standing on a " 5858"ship. In case The Bark was a standalone constellation, it should be " 5859"identified with Ptolemy's Southern Crown (Corona Australis)." 5860msgstr "" 5861"A casca foi identificada co Peixe cabra, implicando que ambos os termos " 5862"designan a mesma constelación (especialmente para as épocas babilónicas " 5863"antigas antes de MUL.APIN, hipóteses publicadas por Craig Crossen en Sky & " 5864"Telescope). Alternativamente (e especialmente a épocas posteriores), a " 5865"cortiza trasladouse cara ó oeste, baixo os pés de Pabilsaĝ (Saxitario)." 5866" Iso explica o longo debate de Eratóstenes sobre a imaxe ilóxica dun " 5867"centauro de pé nun barco. No caso de que A cortiza fose unha constelación " 5868"autónoma, debería identificarse coa Coroa Meridional de Ptolomeo (Corona " 5869"Australis)." 5870 5871#. type: Content of: <p><table><tbody><tr><td> 5872#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:447 5873msgid "Path of <sup>GOD</sup>Ea completed." 5874msgstr "Camiño de <sup>DEUS</sup>Ea completado." 5875 5876#. type: Content of: <h2> 5877#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:452 5878#: ../../skycultures/kamilaroi/description.en.utf8:45 5879msgid "Further Reading" 5880msgstr "Lectura adicional" 5881 5882#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 5883#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:454 5884msgid "Franz Boll (1903), Sphaera. Teubner, Leipzig." 5885msgstr "Franz Boll (1903), Sphaera. Teubner, Leipzig." 5886 5887#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 5888#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:455 5889msgid "Craig Crossen (2015), Sky and Telescope, March 2015, p.36-40." 5890msgstr "Craig Crossen (2015), Sky and Telescope, March 2015, p.36-40." 5891 5892#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 5893#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:456 5894msgid "" 5895"Hermann Hunger and David Pingree (1999), Astral Science in Mesopotamia, " 5896"Brill, Leiden." 5897msgstr "" 5898"Hermann Hunger and David Pingree (1999), Astral Science in Mesopotamia, " 5899"Brill, Leiden." 5900 5901#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 5902#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:457 5903msgid "" 5904"Hermann Hunger and John Steele (2018), The Babylonian astronomical " 5905"compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, London/ New York." 5906msgstr "" 5907"Hermann Hunger and John Steele (2018), The Babylonian astronomical " 5908"compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, London/ New York." 5909 5910#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 5911#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:458 5912msgid "" 5913"Susanne M. Hoffmann (2017), <a " 5914"href=\"https://www.springer.com/de/book/9783658186821\">Hipparchs " 5915"Himmelsglobus</a>, Springer, Wiesbaden, New York." 5916msgstr "" 5917"Susanne M. Hoffmann (2017), <a " 5918"href=\"https://www.springer.com/de/book/9783658186821\">Hipparchs " 5919"Himmelsglobus</a>, Springer, Wiesbaden, New York." 5920 5921#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 5922#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:459 5923msgid "" 5924"Susanne M. Hoffmann (2017), <em>History of Constellations as popularization " 5925"of uranometry</em> in: Wolfschmidt, Gudrun [ed.]: <a " 5926"href=\"https://tredition.de/autoren/gudrun-wolfschmidt-1029/popularisierung-" 5927"der-astronomie-proceedings-der-tagung-des-arbeitskreises-" 5928"astronomiegeschichte-in-der-astronomischen-gesellschaft-in-" 5929"bochum-2016-hardcover-91756/\">Popularisierung der Astronomie</a>, Nuncius " 5930"Hamburgensis, Bd. 41, Hamburg." 5931msgstr "" 5932"Susanne M. Hoffmann (2017), <em>History of Constellations as popularization " 5933"of uranometry</em> in: Wolfschmidt, Gudrun [ed.]: <a " 5934"href=\"https://tredition.de/autoren/gudrun-wolfschmidt-1029/popularisierung-" 5935"der-astronomie-proceedings-der-tagung-des-arbeitskreises-" 5936"astronomiegeschichte-in-der-astronomischen-gesellschaft-in-" 5937"bochum-2016-hardcover-91756/\">Popularisierung der Astronomie</a>, Nuncius " 5938"Hamburgensis, Bd. 41, Hamburg." 5939 5940#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 5941#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:460 5942msgid "" 5943"Alexander Jones (2004), “A Study of Babylonian Observations of Planets Near " 5944"Normal Stars”, Archive for History of Exact Sciences." 5945msgstr "" 5946"Alexander Jones (2004), “A Study of Babylonian Observations of Planets Near " 5947"Normal Stars”, Archive for History of Exact Sciences." 5948 5949#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 5950#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:461 5951msgid "" 5952"Jordi Pàmias and Klaus Geus (2007), Eratosthenes: Sternsagen (Catasterismi)," 5953" Utopica, Oberhaid." 5954msgstr "" 5955"Jordi Pàmias and Klaus Geus (2007), Eratosthenes: Sternsagen (Catasterismi)," 5956" Utopica, Oberhaid." 5957 5958#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 5959#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:462 5960msgid "" 5961"many publications on <i>ziqpu</i> star lists by Wayne Horowitz, John M. " 5962"Steele, E. Weidner, J. Koch, and others are compiled or/and discussed in the" 5963" above books, especially the one by Hunger and Pingree (1999) which is why " 5964"we do not list them in detail here." 5965msgstr "" 5966"moitas publicacións en listas de estrelas <i>ziqpu</i> de Wayne Horowitz, " 5967"John M. Steele, E. Weidner, J. Koch e outras son recompiladas ou discutidas " 5968"nos libros anteriores, especialmente a de Hunger e Pingree (1999), polo que " 5969"nós non as listamos en detalle aquí." 5970 5971#. type: Content of: <p> 5972#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:465 5973msgid "" 5974"This sky culture is provided under CC BY-ND 4.0 (international) licence " 5975"(noncommercial use only, share-alike, do not change it without consulting " 5976"the contributors, and please cite the contributors). Thank you!" 5977msgstr "" 5978"Esta cultura do ceo está dispoñible baixo a licenza CC BY-ND 4.0 " 5979"(internacional) (só para uso comercial, por igual, non cambiar sen consultar" 5980" os colaboradores, e citar os colaboradores). Grazas!" 5981 5982#. type: Content of: <p> 5983#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:468 5984msgid "" 5985"Thanks to some very enthusiastic planetarium managers for their request and " 5986"development time in their domes." 5987msgstr "" 5988"Grazas a algúns xestores de planetarios moi entusiastas pola súa " 5989"dispoñibilidade e tempo de desenvolvemento nas súas cúpulas." 5990 5991#. type: Content of: <p> 5992#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:476 5993msgid "The Babylonian star names were compiled and added to Stellarium and" 5994msgstr "" 5995"Os nomes estrela babilonios foron compilados e engadidos a Stellarium e" 5996 5997#. type: Content of: <p> 5998#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:477 5999msgid "the Babylonian constellation lines and images were prepared by:" 6000msgstr "as liñas e as imaxes de constelación babilonia foron preparadas por:" 6001 6002#. type: Content of: <p> 6003#: ../../skycultures/babylonian_seleucid/description.en.utf8:478 6004msgid "<em>Susanne M Hoffmann: service@uhura-uraniae.com </em>" 6005msgstr "<em>Susanne M Hoffmann: service@uhura-uraniae.com </em>" 6006 6007#. type: Content of: <h2> 6008#: ../../skycultures/belarusian/description.en.utf8:1 6009msgid "Belarusian" 6010msgstr "Bielorruso" 6011 6012#. type: Content of: <p> 6013#: ../../skycultures/belarusian/description.en.utf8:2 6014msgid "" 6015"Shown here are some interesting folk astronomy constellations found in " 6016"Belarus, a country in Eastern Europe bordered by Russia to the northeast, " 6017"Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the " 6018"northwest. Belarus is landlocked and contains large tracts of marshy land " 6019"and thousands of lakes. Forests cover about 40% of the country. Belarus is " 6020"exceptional in that people in the villages have preserved their traditional " 6021"knowledge about the stars and related beliefs, right through to the present " 6022"time. The illustrations are by no means exhaustive. In fact, many asterisms " 6023"have multiple recorded meanings, ranging from ancient to Christianized." 6024msgstr "" 6025"A continuación móstranse algunhas interesantes constelacións de astronomía " 6026"popular atopadas en Bielorrusia, un país do leste de Europa que limita con " 6027"Rusia ó nordés, Ucraína ó sur, Polonia ó oeste, e Lituania e Letonia ó " 6028"noroeste. Bielorrusia non ten saída ó mar e ten grandes extensións de terra " 6029"pantanosa e miles de lagos. Os bosques abarcan preto do 40% do país. " 6030"Bielorrusia é excepcional porque a xente das aldeas conservou os seus " 6031"coñecementos tradicionais sobre as estrelas e crenzas relacionadas, ata os " 6032"nosos días. As ilustracións non son en absoluto exhaustivas. De feito, " 6033"moitos asterismos teñen múltiples significados rexistrados, que van dende o " 6034"antigo ó cristianizado." 6035 6036#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 6037#: ../../skycultures/belarusian/description.en.utf8:10 6038msgid "" 6039"Elias's Cart — the burning cart that is ridden by Elias, the " 6040"Christianized version of a constellation previously seen as <em>simply</em> " 6041"a large cart." 6042msgstr "" 6043"Elias's Cart — o carro ardente que manexa Elias, a versión " 6044"cristianizada dunha constelación vista anteriormente como " 6045"<em>simplemente</em> un carro longo." 6046 6047#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 6048#: ../../skycultures/belarusian/description.en.utf8:11 6049msgid "The Bride" 6050msgstr "A noiva" 6051 6052#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 6053#: ../../skycultures/belarusian/description.en.utf8:12 6054msgid "The Chicks" 6055msgstr "Os pitiños" 6056 6057#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 6058#: ../../skycultures/belarusian/description.en.utf8:13 6059msgid "The Cross — a Peter’s cross" 6060msgstr "A coroa — unha cruz de Pedro" 6061 6062#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 6063#: ../../skycultures/belarusian/description.en.utf8:14 6064msgid "The Crown — the thorn wreath that was put on Christ’s head." 6065msgstr "A coroa — de espiñas que levou Cristo na cabeza." 6066 6067#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 6068#: ../../skycultures/belarusian/description.en.utf8:15 6069msgid "The Goat" 6070msgstr "A cabra" 6071 6072#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 6073#: ../../skycultures/belarusian/description.en.utf8:16 6074msgid "The Grass Snakes" 6075msgstr "As serpes de herba" 6076 6077#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 6078#: ../../skycultures/belarusian/description.en.utf8:17 6079msgid "" 6080"The Kingdoms — These two stars served as a symbol of two states: the " 6081"Great Lithuanian Princedom and the Polish Kingdom." 6082msgstr "" 6083"Os reinos — Estas dúas estrelas simbolizan dous estados: O Principado " 6084"da Gran Lituania e o Reino Polaco." 6085 6086#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 6087#: ../../skycultures/belarusian/description.en.utf8:18 6088msgid "" 6089"The Mowers — These three stars stand one after another in the manner " 6090"of people mowing the fields." 6091msgstr "" 6092"Os Segadores — Estas tres estrelas colócanse unha detrás doutra do " 6093"mesmo xeito cós segadores no campo." 6094 6095#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 6096#: ../../skycultures/belarusian/description.en.utf8:19 6097msgid "" 6098"The Nail — The north star is seen as a nail around which the skies " 6099"revolve." 6100msgstr "" 6101"O Cravo — A estrela do norte é vista coma un cravo arredor do cal xira" 6102" o ceo." 6103 6104#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 6105#: ../../skycultures/belarusian/description.en.utf8:20 6106msgid "The Ploughman" 6107msgstr "O arado" 6108 6109#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 6110#: ../../skycultures/belarusian/description.en.utf8:21 6111msgid "The Rake" 6112msgstr "O angazo" 6113 6114#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 6115#: ../../skycultures/belarusian/description.en.utf8:22 6116msgid "The Ram" 6117msgstr "O carneiro" 6118 6119#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 6120#: ../../skycultures/belarusian/description.en.utf8:23 6121msgid "" 6122"The Serpent — St. Yuri killed this serpent and hung it near the star " 6123"that always stands in the same place" 6124msgstr "" 6125"A serpe — San Yuri matou a esta serpe e colgouna preto da estrela que " 6126"sempre está no mesmo lugar." 6127 6128#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 6129#: ../../skycultures/belarusian/description.en.utf8:24 6130msgid "" 6131"The Sieve — It was said that “God used to sift grains of <i>zhito</i> " 6132"through it." 6133msgstr "" 6134"A peneira — It was said that “Disque Deus adoitaba peneirar grans de " 6135"<i>zhito</i> a través dela." 6136 6137#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 6138#: ../../skycultures/belarusian/description.en.utf8:25 6139msgid "" 6140"The Small Cart — Ursa Minor resembles the large cart of Ursa Major." 6141msgstr "" 6142"O pequeno carro — Ursa Minor aseméllase ó carro longo de Ursa Maior." 6143 6144#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 6145#: ../../skycultures/belarusian/description.en.utf8:26 6146msgid "The Throne — Lord Jesus’s chair." 6147msgstr "O tono — Cadeira do señor Xesús." 6148 6149#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 6150#: ../../skycultures/belarusian/description.en.utf8:27 6151msgid "The Twins" 6152msgstr "Os xemelgos" 6153 6154#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 6155#: ../../skycultures/belarusian/description.en.utf8:28 6156msgid "The Goose's Way" 6157msgstr "O camiño do ganso" 6158 6159#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 6160#: ../../skycultures/belarusian/description.en.utf8:33 6161msgid "" 6162"<a href=\"http://aviti.livejournal.com\">Belarussian Folk Astronomy</a> The " 6163"author's website, in Belarusian." 6164msgstr "" 6165"<a href=\"http://aviti.livejournal.com\">Belarussian Folk Astronomy</a> A " 6166"web do autor, en bielorruso." 6167 6168#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 6169#: ../../skycultures/belarusian/description.en.utf8:34 6170msgid "" 6171"<a " 6172"href=\"https://www.academia.edu/6901765/Belarusian_Ethnoastronomy\">Belarusian" 6173" Ethnoastronomy.</a>" 6174msgstr "" 6175"<a " 6176"href=\"https://www.academia.edu/6901765/Belarusian_Ethnoastronomy\">Belarusian" 6177" Ethnoastronomy.</a>" 6178 6179#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 6180#: ../../skycultures/belarusian/description.en.utf8:35 6181msgid "" 6182"<a " 6183"href=\"https://www.academia.edu/8787640/Ethnoastronomical_aspect_of_traditional_belarusian_fitonimicon_problem_statement\">Ethnoastronomical" 6184" aspect of traditional belarusian fitonimicon: problem statement.</a>" 6185msgstr "" 6186"<a " 6187"href=\"https://www.academia.edu/8787640/Ethnoastronomical_aspect_of_traditional_belarusian_fitonimicon_problem_statement\">Ethnoastronomical" 6188" aspect of traditional belarusian fitonimicon: problem statement.</a>" 6189 6190#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 6191#: ../../skycultures/belarusian/description.en.utf8:36 6192msgid "" 6193"<a " 6194"href=\"https://www.academia.edu/1586711/Meteor_Beliefs_Project_East_European_meteor_folk-" 6195"beliefs\">Meteor Beliefs Project: East European meteor folk-beliefs.</a>" 6196msgstr "" 6197"<a " 6198"href=\"https://www.academia.edu/1586711/Meteor_Beliefs_Project_East_European_meteor_folk-" 6199"beliefs\">Meteor Beliefs Project: East European meteor folk-beliefs.</a>" 6200 6201#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 6202#: ../../skycultures/belarusian/description.en.utf8:37 6203msgid "" 6204"<a " 6205"href=\"https://www.academia.edu/1586808/Meteor_Beliefs_Project_Belarussian_meteor_folk-" 6206"beliefs\">Meteor Beliefs Project Belarussian meteor folk-beliefs.</a>" 6207msgstr "" 6208"<a " 6209"href=\"https://www.academia.edu/1586808/Meteor_Beliefs_Project_Belarussian_meteor_folk-" 6210"beliefs\">Meteor Beliefs Project Belarussian meteor folk-beliefs.</a>" 6211 6212#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 6213#: ../../skycultures/belarusian/description.en.utf8:38 6214msgid "" 6215"<a " 6216"href=\"https://www.academia.edu/1586571/Astronyms_in_Belarussian_folk_beliefs\">Astronyms" 6217" in Belarussian folk beliefs.</a>" 6218msgstr "" 6219"<a " 6220"href=\"https://www.academia.edu/1586571/Astronyms_in_Belarussian_folk_beliefs\">Astronyms" 6221" in Belarussian folk beliefs.</a>" 6222 6223#. type: Content of: <p> 6224#: ../../skycultures/belarusian/description.en.utf8:43 6225msgid "" 6226"The creation of this sky culture for Stellarium was suggested by Alexander " 6227"Wolf to Johan Meuris, based on the article <b>Astronyms in Belarussian Folk " 6228"Beliefs</b> by Tsimafei Avilin, published in the peer-reviewed journal " 6229"Archaeologia Baltica." 6230msgstr "" 6231"A creación desta cultura do ceo para Stellarium foi suxerido por Alexander " 6232"Wolf a Johan Meuris, baseándose no artigo <b>Astronyms in Belarussian Folk " 6233"Beliefs</b> de Tsimafei Avilin, publicado no Journal of Archaeologia " 6234"Baltica." 6235 6236#. type: Content of: <p> 6237#: ../../skycultures/belarusian/description.en.utf8:45 6238msgid "Illustrations by Johan Meuris." 6239msgstr "Ilustracións de Johan Meuris." 6240 6241#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6242#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:1 6243#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:24 6244msgid "Boorong" 6245msgstr "Boorong" 6246 6247#. type: Content of: <p> 6248#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:2 6249msgid "" 6250"One hundred and forty years ago, a Boorong family at Lake Tyrrell (North-" 6251"Western Victoria, Australia) told William Stanbridge something of their " 6252"stories relating to the night sky. Some forty stars, constellations and " 6253"other celestial phenomena were named and located. He wrote them down and " 6254"related this information to the Philosophical Institute in Melbourne in " 6255"1857. In his paper he wrote down the Aboriginal term and gave its European " 6256"equivalent. What John Morieson has done is look closely at these celestial " 6257"phenomena, attempt to satisfactorily identity them and to imitate the way " 6258"the Boorong people may have seen them. John's interpretation was used to " 6259"create the constellation figures in Stellarium." 6260msgstr "" 6261"Hai cento corenta anos, unha familia boorong do Lago Tyrrell (Victoria do " 6262"Noroeste, Australia) contaba a William Stanbridge algo das súas historias " 6263"relacionadas co ceo nocturno. Nomeáronse e localizáronse unhas corenta " 6264"estrelas, constelacións e outros fenómenos celestes. Anotounos e relacionou " 6265"esta información co Instituto Filosófico de Melbourne en 1857. No seu " 6266"escrito escribiu o termo aborixe e deu o seu equivalente europeo. O que fixo" 6267" John Morieson é mirar de preto estes fenómenos celestes, intentar " 6268"identificalos satisfactoriamente e imitar o xeito no que os pobos boorong os" 6269" viron. A interpretación de John foi usada para crear figuras de " 6270"constelación en Stellarium." 6271 6272#. type: Content of: <p> 6273#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:8 6274msgid "" 6275"The Boorong were very much acquainted with the night sky, and William " 6276"Stanbridge wrote in 1857 that they "Pride themselves upon knowing more " 6277"of Astronomy than any other tribe"." 6278msgstr "" 6279"Os Boorong coñecían moito o ceo nocturno e William Stanbridge escribiu en " 6280"1857 que "se gaban de saber máis de astronomía que calquera outra " 6281"tribo"." 6282 6283#. type: Content of: <h3> 6284#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:11 6285msgid "Constellations and other celestial objects" 6286msgstr "Constelacións e outros obxectos celestes" 6287 6288#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6289#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:14 6290msgid "<b>Name</b>" 6291msgstr "<b>Nome</b>" 6292 6293#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6294#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:15 6295msgid "<b>Explanation</b>" 6296msgstr "<b>Explicación</b>" 6297 6298#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6299#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:16 6300msgid "<b>Celestial Clue</b>" 6301msgstr "<b>Pista celeste</b>" 6302 6303#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6304#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:19 6305msgid "Berm-berm-gle" 6306msgstr "Berm-berm-gle" 6307 6308#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6309#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:20 6310msgid "Red-kneed dotterel" 6311msgstr "Dotterel de xeonllos vermellos" 6312 6313#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6314#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:25 6315msgid "Night; small mallee; starry firmament" 6316msgstr "Noite; mallee pequeno; firmamento estrelado" 6317 6318#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6319#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:26 6320msgid "Starry firmament at night" 6321msgstr "Firmamento estrelado pola noite" 6322 6323#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6324#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:29 6325msgid "Bunya" 6326msgstr "Bunya" 6327 6328#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6329#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:30 6330msgid "Ring-tail possum" 6331msgstr "Posum de rabo de anel" 6332 6333#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6334#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:31 6335msgid "Top star in Southern Cross" 6336msgstr "Estrela superior na Cruz do Sur" 6337 6338#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6339#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:34 6340msgid "Chargee Gnowee" 6341msgstr "Encargado Gnowee" 6342 6343#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6344#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:35 6345msgid "Elder sister, sister of the sun" 6346msgstr "Irmá maior, irmá do sol" 6347 6348#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6349#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:39 6350msgid "Bittur" 6351msgstr "Bittur" 6352 6353#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6354#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:40 6355msgid "Larvae of the woodant" 6356msgstr "Larvas do bosque" 6357 6358#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6359#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:44 6360msgid "Collenbitchick" 6361msgstr "Collenbitchick" 6362 6363#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6364#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:45 6365msgid "Species of ant" 6366msgstr "Especies de formigas" 6367 6368#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6369#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:46 6370msgid "Double star in head of Capricornus" 6371msgstr "Estrela dobre na cabeza de Capricornus" 6372 6373#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6374#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:49 6375msgid "Collowgulloric War" 6376msgstr "Guerra collowgullorica" 6377 6378#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6379#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:50 6380msgid "Female crow, wife of War" 6381msgstr "Corvo femia, muller de Guerra" 6382 6383#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6384#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:51 6385msgid "Eta Carinae" 6386msgstr "Eta Carinae" 6387 6388#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6389#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:54 6390msgid "Colowgulloric Warepil" 6391msgstr "Almacén Colowgullorico" 6392 6393#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6394#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:55 6395msgid "Female eagle, wife of Warepil" 6396msgstr "Aguia femia, muller de Almacén (Warepil)" 6397 6398#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6399#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:56 6400msgid "Rigel In Orion" 6401msgstr "Rigel en Orión" 6402 6403#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6404#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:59 6405msgid "Djuit" 6406msgstr "Djuit" 6407 6408#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6409#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:60 6410msgid "Red-rumped parrot" 6411msgstr "Papagaio vermello" 6412 6413#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6414#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:64 6415msgid "Gellarlec" 6416msgstr "Gellarlec" 6417 6418#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6419#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:65 6420msgid "Pink cockatoo" 6421msgstr "Cacatúa rosa" 6422 6423#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6424#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:66 6425msgid "Aldebaran" 6426msgstr "Aldebarán" 6427 6428#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6429#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:69 6430msgid "Ginabongbearp" 6431msgstr "Ginabongbearp" 6432 6433#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6434#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:70 6435msgid "Sulphur-crested white cockatoo; pulling up daylight" 6436msgstr "Cacatúa branca con cresta de xofre; ergue a luz do día" 6437 6438#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 6439#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:71 6440#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:46 6441msgid "Jupiter" 6442msgstr "Xúpiter" 6443 6444#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6445#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:74 6446msgid "Gnowee" 6447msgstr "Gnowee" 6448 6449#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6450#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:75 6451msgid "Day; Sun" 6452msgstr "Día; Sol" 6453 6454#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6455#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:76 6456#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:66 6457#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:16 6458#: ../../skycultures/mongolian/description.en.utf8:141 6459#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:53 6460msgid "Sun" 6461msgstr "Sol" 6462 6463#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6464#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:79 6465msgid "Karik Karik" 6466msgstr "Karik Karik" 6467 6468#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6469#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:80 6470msgid "Spear thrower; Australian Kestrel" 6471msgstr "Lanzador de lanza; Crista australiana" 6472 6473#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6474#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:81 6475msgid "Two stars at end of Scorpius" 6476msgstr "Dúas estrela no final de Scorpius" 6477 6478#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6479#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:84 6480msgid "Kourt-chin" 6481msgstr "Kourt-chin" 6482 6483#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6484#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:85 6485msgid "Male and female brolga" 6486msgstr "Brolga macho e femia" 6487 6488#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6489#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:86 6490msgid "Clouds of Magellan" 6491msgstr "Nubes de Magallanes" 6492 6493#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6494#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:89 6495msgid "Kulkanbulla" 6496msgstr "Kulkanbulla" 6497 6498#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6499#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:90 6500msgid "Two teenage boys" 6501msgstr "Dous rapaces adolescentes" 6502 6503#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6504#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:91 6505msgid "Belt and Scabbard of Orion" 6506msgstr "Cinto e puñal de Orión" 6507 6508#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6509#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:94 6510msgid "Lamankurrk" 6511msgstr "Lamankurrk" 6512 6513#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6514#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:95 6515msgid "Girls, young women" 6516msgstr "Mulleres, mozas" 6517 6518#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6519#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:99 6520msgid "Marpeankurrk" 6521msgstr "Marpeankurrk" 6522 6523#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6524#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:100 6525msgid "Meat ant; treecreeper" 6526msgstr "Formiga de carne; adestrador" 6527 6528#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6529#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:101 6530#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:64 6531msgid "Arcturus" 6532msgstr "Arcturus" 6533 6534#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6535#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:104 6536msgid "Millee" 6537msgstr "Millee" 6538 6539#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6540#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:105 6541msgid "Murray River" 6542msgstr "Río Murray" 6543 6544#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6545#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:106 6546#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:111 6547msgid "Part of the Milky Way" 6548msgstr "Parte da Vía Láctea" 6549 6550#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6551#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:109 6552msgid "Mindi" 6553msgstr "Mindi" 6554 6555#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6556#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:110 6557msgid "The maned snake" 6558msgstr "A serpe criada" 6559 6560#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6561#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:114 6562msgid "Mityan" 6563msgstr "Mityan" 6564 6565#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6566#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:115 6567msgid "Quoll" 6568msgstr "Quoll" 6569 6570#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6571#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:116 6572#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:67 6573#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:21 6574#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:52 6575msgid "Moon" 6576msgstr "Lúa" 6577 6578#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6579#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:119 6580msgid "Neilloan" 6581msgstr "Neilloan" 6582 6583#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6584#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:120 6585msgid "Mallee fowl" 6586msgstr "Aves de mallee" 6587 6588#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6589#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:121 6590msgid "Lyra" 6591msgstr "Lyra" 6592 6593#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6594#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:124 6595msgid "Nurrumbunguttias" 6596msgstr "Nurrumbunguttias" 6597 6598#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6599#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:125 6600msgid "Old man, black faced mallee kangaroo" 6601msgstr "Vello, canguro mallee de cara negra" 6602 6603#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6604#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:126 6605msgid "White aura of the Milky Way" 6606msgstr "Aura branca da Vía Láctea" 6607 6608#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6609#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:129 6610msgid "Otchocut" 6611msgstr "Otchocut" 6612 6613#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6614#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:130 6615msgid "Great fish" 6616msgstr "Gran peixe" 6617 6618#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6619#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:134 6620msgid "Porkelong toute" 6621msgstr "Porkelong toute" 6622 6623#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6624#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:135 6625msgid "Loss of tooth" 6626msgstr "Perda de dentes" 6627 6628#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6629#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:136 6630msgid "Shooting star" 6631msgstr "Estrela fugaz" 6632 6633#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6634#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:139 6635msgid "Pupperimbul" 6636msgstr "Pupperimbul" 6637 6638#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6639#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:140 6640msgid "Diamond firetail finch or shy hylacola" 6641msgstr "Pinzón de rabo de lume de diamante ou hylacola tímida" 6642 6643#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6644#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:141 6645msgid "Carried the emu egg to become the Sun" 6646msgstr "Levou o ovo do emu para converterse no Sol" 6647 6648#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6649#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:144 6650msgid "Purra" 6651msgstr "Purra" 6652 6653#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6654#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:145 6655msgid "Red kangaroo" 6656msgstr "Canguro vermello" 6657 6658#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6659#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:146 6660msgid "Capella" 6661msgstr "Capella" 6662 6663#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6664#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:149 6665msgid "Tchingal" 6666msgstr "Tchingal" 6667 6668#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6669#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:150 6670msgid "The tall one; emu" 6671msgstr "O alto; emú" 6672 6673#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6674#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:151 6675msgid "Dark space near Cross" 6676msgstr "Espazo escuro próximo á Cruz" 6677 6678#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6679#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:154 6680msgid "Totyarguil" 6681msgstr "Totyarguil" 6682 6683#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6684#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:155 6685msgid "Purple crowned lorikeet" 6686msgstr "Lorikeet coroado púrpura" 6687 6688#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6689#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:156 6690msgid "Altair" 6691msgstr "Altair" 6692 6693#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6694#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:159 6695msgid "Tourchingboiongerra" 6696msgstr "Tourchingboiongerra" 6697 6698#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6699#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:160 6700msgid "Needlewood hakea and willie wagtails" 6701msgstr "Needlewood hakea e willie wagtails" 6702 6703#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 6704#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:161 6705#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:126 6706msgid "Coma Berenices" 6707msgstr "Coma Berenices" 6708 6709#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6710#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:164 6711msgid "Tourte" 6712msgstr "Tourte" 6713 6714#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6715#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:165 6716msgid "Star" 6717msgstr "Estrela" 6718 6719#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6720#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:166 6721msgid "Any star" 6722msgstr "Calquera estrela" 6723 6724#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6725#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:169 6726msgid "Tyrille" 6727msgstr "Tyrille" 6728 6729#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6730#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:170 6731#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:171 6732msgid "Space; night sky" 6733msgstr "Espazo; ceo nocturno" 6734 6735#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6736#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:174 6737msgid "Unurgunite" 6738msgstr "Unurgunite" 6739 6740#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6741#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:175 6742msgid "Jacky lizard" 6743msgstr "Lagarto Jacky" 6744 6745#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6746#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:176 6747msgid "Sigma Canis Majoris" 6748msgstr "Sigma Canis Maioris" 6749 6750#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6751#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:179 6752msgid "Wanjel" 6753msgstr "Wanjel" 6754 6755#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6756#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:180 6757msgid "Long-necked tortoise" 6758msgstr "Tartaruga de pés longos" 6759 6760#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6761#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:181 6762msgid "Pollux" 6763msgstr "Pollux" 6764 6765#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6766#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:184 6767msgid "War" 6768msgstr "Guerra" 6769 6770#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6771#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:185 6772msgid "Crow" 6773msgstr "Corvo" 6774 6775#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6776#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:189 6777msgid "Warepil" 6778msgstr "Warepil" 6779 6780#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6781#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:190 6782msgid "Wedge tailed eagle" 6783msgstr "Aguia de rabo de cuña" 6784 6785#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6786#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:194 6787msgid "Warring" 6788msgstr "En guerra" 6789 6790#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6791#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:195 6792msgid "Galaxy" 6793msgstr "Galaxia" 6794 6795#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6796#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:196 6797#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:31 6798#: ../../skycultures/russian_siberian/description.en.utf8:7 6799#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:47 6800msgid "Milky Way" 6801msgstr "Vía Láctea" 6802 6803#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6804#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:199 6805msgid "Weetkurrk" 6806msgstr "Weetkurrk" 6807 6808#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6809#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:200 6810msgid "Singing bushlark" 6811msgstr "Bushlark cantareiro" 6812 6813#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6814#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:201 6815msgid "Star in Bootes west of Arcturus" 6816msgstr "Estrela de Bootes, ó oeste de Arcturus" 6817 6818#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6819#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:204 6820msgid "Won" 6821msgstr "Won" 6822 6823#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6824#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:205 6825msgid "Boomerang" 6826msgstr "Bumerang" 6827 6828#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 6829#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:206 6830#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:121 6831msgid "Corona Australis" 6832msgstr "Corona Australis" 6833 6834#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6835#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:209 6836msgid "Yerredetkurrk" 6837msgstr "Yerredetkurrk" 6838 6839#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6840#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:210 6841msgid "Owlet nightjar" 6842msgstr "Owlet nightjar" 6843 6844#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6845#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:211 6846msgid "Achernar" 6847msgstr "Achernar" 6848 6849#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6850#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:214 6851msgid "Yurree" 6852msgstr "Yurree" 6853 6854#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6855#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:215 6856msgid "Fan-tailed cockatoo" 6857msgstr "Cacatúa de rabo de abano" 6858 6859#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 6860#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:216 6861msgid "Castor" 6862msgstr "Castor" 6863 6864#. type: Content of: <p> 6865#: ../../skycultures/boorong/description.en.utf8:221 6866msgid "" 6867"This sky culture was contributed by <i><a " 6868"href=\"http://www.johnmorieson.com\" class='external text' " 6869"title=\"http://www.johnmorieson.com\" rel=\"nofollow\">John Morieson</a></i>" 6870" and <i><a href=\"http://www.terrastro.com\" class='external text' " 6871"title=\"http://www.terrastro.com\" rel=\"nofollow\">Alex Cherney</a></i>." 6872msgstr "" 6873"Contribuíron a esta cultura do ceo <i><a " 6874"href=\"http://www.johnmorieson.com\" class='external text' " 6875"title=\"http://www.johnmorieson.com\" rel=\"nofollow\">John Morieson</a></i>" 6876" e <i><a href=\"http://www.terrastro.com\" class='external text' " 6877"title=\"http://www.terrastro.com\" rel=\"nofollow\">Alex Cherney</a></i>." 6878 6879#. type: Content of: <h2> 6880#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1 6881msgid "Chinese Traditional Sky Culture" 6882msgstr "Cultura do ceo tradicional chinesa" 6883 6884#. type: Content of: <p> 6885#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:3 6886msgid "" 6887"Chinese astronomy was developed independently and Chinese had its own system" 6888" to connect the stars, known as \"Xingguan\" (Chinese: 星官; pinyin: xīngguān," 6889" meaning: Star officials). Chinese Traditional Sky Culture has far-reaching " 6890"implications in East Asia. In ancient China, Xingguans and planets were " 6891"associated with astrology. After thousands of years of evolution, the " 6892"current Xingguans and star names was finalized in the 17th to 19th " 6893"centuries." 6894msgstr "" 6895"A astronomía chinesa desenvolveuse de forma independente e os chineses tiñan" 6896" o seu propio sistema para conectar as estrelas, coñecido como \"Xinguan\" " 6897"(chinés: 星 官; pinyin: xīngguān, que significa: funcionarios das estrelas). A" 6898" cultura do ceo tradicional chinesa ten implicacións de gran alcance en Asia" 6899" oriental. Na antiga China, Xinguans e planetas estaban asociados coa " 6900"astroloxía. Despois de miles de anos de evolución, os actuais Xinguans e " 6901"nomes de estrelas definíronse dos séculos XVII ó XIX. " 6902 6903#. type: Content of: <p> 6904#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:4 6905msgid "" 6906"Stellarium currently provides 300 Chinese Xingguans and more than 3000 " 6907"Chinese star names from <i>Complete Studies of Astronomical</i> (Chinese: " 6908"仪象考成; pinyin: Yíxiàng kǎochéng) and <i>The Continuation of Complete Studies " 6909"of Astronomical</i> (Chinese: 仪象考成续编; pinyin: Yíxiàngkǎochéng xùbiān). " 6910"<i>Complete Studies of Astronomical</i> is an imperial record of astronomy " 6911"finished in 1756. In 1844, the Imperial Astronomical Observatory made a " 6912"revision to it and published <i>The Continuation of Complete Studies of " 6913"Astronomical</i>, which is the major reference to the traditional Chinese " 6914"Xingguans and star names used today. Yi Shitong has conducted textual " 6915"research and summary of these records in his book<i>Chinese and Western " 6916"Contrast Star Chart and Catalogue 1950.0</i> (Chinese: 中西对照恒星图表1950.0; " 6917"pinyin: Zhōngxī Duìzhào Héngxīng Túbiǎo)." 6918msgstr "" 6919"Stellarium ofrece actualmente 300 Xingguans chineses e máis de 3000 nomes de" 6920" estrelas chinesas tirados de <i>Estudios Completos de Astronomía</i> " 6921"(Chinés: 仪象考成; pinyin: Yíxiàng kǎochéng) e <i>Continuación dos Estudos " 6922"Completos de Astronomía</i> (Chinés: 仪象考成续编; pinyin: Yíxiàngkǎochéng " 6923"xùbiān). <i>Estudos Completos de Astronomía</i>é un rexistro imperial de " 6924"astronomía rematado en 1756. En 1844, o Observatorio Astronómico Imperial " 6925"fixo unha revisión e publicou <i>Continuación dos Estudos Completos de " 6926"Astronomía</i>, que é a principal referencia ós Xinguans tradicionais " 6927"chineses e ós nomes de estrelas empregados hoxe. Yi Shitong realizou " 6928"investigacións textuais e fixo o resumo destes rexistros no seu libro " 6929"<i>Gráficos e Catálogo de estrelas contrastando as chinesas coas " 6930"occidentais. 1950.0</i> (Chinés: 中西对照恒星图表1950.0; pinyin: Zhōngxī Duìzhào " 6931"Héngxīng Túbiǎo)." 6932 6933#. type: Content of: <p> 6934#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:5 6935msgid "" 6936"Chinese Traditional Sky Culture is Based on the information inside " 6937"<i>Chinese and Western Contrast Star Chart and Catalogue 1950.0</i> and " 6938"<i>Complete Studies of Astronomical</i>." 6939msgstr "" 6940"A cultura do ceo tradicional chinés baséase na información incluída en " 6941"<i>Gráficos e Catálogo de estrelas contrastando as chinesas coas " 6942"occidentais. 1950.0</i> e <i>Estudos Completos de Astronomía</i>." 6943 6944#. type: Content of: <p> 6945#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:6 6946msgid "" 6947"In addition, some stars have been added according to <i>The History of " 6948"Stellar Observation in China</i> (Chinese: 中国恒星观测史; pinyin: Zhōngguó " 6949"Héngxīng Guāncèshǐ) by Pan Nai, if these stars are not certified in <i> " 6950"Chinese and Western Contrast Star Chart and Catalogue1950.0(Star " 6951"Catalogue)</i>." 6952msgstr "" 6953"Ademais, algunhas estrelas engadíronse segundo <i>A Historia da Observación " 6954"Estelar en China</i> (Chinés: 中国恒星观测史; pinyin: Zhōngguó Héngxīng Guāncèshǐ)" 6955" de Pan Nai, cando non estaban verificadas en <i>Gráficos e Catálogo de " 6956"estrelas contrastando as chinesas coas occidentais. 1950.0( Catálogo de " 6957"Estrelas)</i>." 6958 6959#. type: Content of: <p> 6960#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:7 6961msgid "" 6962"If the star name is followed by a \"*\", it is a star added according to " 6963"<i>The History of Stellar Observation in China</i>." 6964msgstr "" 6965"Se o nome da estrela vai seguido dun \"*\", é unha estrela engadida de " 6966"acordo con <i>Historia da observación estelar en China</i>." 6967 6968#. type: Content of: <p> 6969#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:8 6970msgid "" 6971"If the star name is followed by a \"?\", it is a star added according to " 6972"<i>The History of Stellar Observation in China</i>, but cannot be fully " 6973"certified." 6974msgstr "" 6975"Se o nome da estrela vai seguido dun \"?\", é unha estrela engadida de " 6976"acordo con <i>Historia da observación estelar en China</i>, pero non se pode" 6977" certificar ó cen por cen." 6978 6979#. type: Content of: <h3> 6980#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:11 6981msgid "Sun, Moon and Planets" 6982msgstr "Sol, Lúa e Planetas" 6983 6984#. type: Content of: <p> 6985#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:13 6986msgid "" 6987"The Western countries named the planets in mythical characters. The ancient " 6988"Chinese understanding of five planets is based on five-element concepts. " 6989"Therefore, Mercury is named Water Star, Venus is named Metal Star, Mars is " 6990"named Fire Star, Jupiter is named Wood Star, Saturn is named Earth Star." 6991msgstr "" 6992"Os países occidentais nomearon os planetas segundo personaxes míticos. A " 6993"antiga comprensión chinesa de cinco planetas baséase nun concepto de cinco " 6994"elementos. Polo tanto, Mercurio chámase Estrela da Auga, Venus chámase " 6995"Estrela do Metal, Marte chámase Estrela do Lume, Xúpiter chámase Estrela da " 6996"Madeira, Saturno chámase Estrela da Terra." 6997 6998#. type: Content of: <p><p> 6999#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:14 7000msgid "" 7001"In Chinese, the sun and the moon are named after Yin and Yang (with prefix " 7002"\"great\" (Chinese:太; pinyin: tài)), respectively Taiyang (Sun, Chinese: 太阳;" 7003" pinyin: Tàiyáng) and Taiyin (Moon, Chinese:太阴; pinyin: Tàiyīn). Their other" 7004" name belongs to pictographic characters. Ri (Sun, Chinese: 日) And Yue " 7005"(Moon, Chinese: 月). But the more commonly used name for the moon is Yueliang" 7006" (Chinese: 月亮; pinyin: Yuèliàng)." 7007msgstr "" 7008"En chinés, o sol e a lúa reciben o nome de Yin e Yang (co prefixo \"grande\"" 7009" (chinés: 太; pinyin: tài)), respectivamente Taiyang (sol, chinés: 太阳; " 7010"pinyin: Tàiyáng) e Taiyin (lúa, chinés : 太阴; pinyin: Tàiyīn). O seu outro " 7011"nome pertence a caracteres pictográficos. Ri (sol, chinés: 日) e Yue (lúa, " 7012"chinés: 月). Pero o nome máis utilizado para a lúa é Yueliang (chinés: 月亮; " 7013"pinyin: Yuèliàng)." 7014 7015#. type: Content of: <p><p> 7016#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:15 7017msgid "" 7018"The sun, the moon and the five planets form Seven Luminaries (Chinese: 七曜; " 7019"pinyin: qīyào), which correspond to the Five Elements and Yin and Yang." 7020msgstr "" 7021"O sol, a lúa e os cinco planetas forman sete luminarias (en chinés: 七曜; " 7022"pinyin: qīyào), que se corresponden cos Cinco Elementos e o Yin e o Yang." 7023 7024#. type: Content of: <p><h3> 7025#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:17 7026msgid "Xingguans" 7027msgstr "Xingguans" 7028 7029#. type: Content of: <p><p> 7030#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:19 7031msgid "" 7032"Traditional Chinese astronomy has a system of dividing the celestial sphere " 7033"into asterisms or constellations, known as \"Xingguan\". Modern " 7034"constellations refer to specific areas of the celestial sphere. Xingguans " 7035"refer only to the way stars are distributed, with no specific boundaries " 7036"between Xingguans." 7037msgstr "" 7038"A astronomía tradicional chinesa ten un modo de dividir a esfera celeste en " 7039"asterismos ou constelacións, coñecido como \"Xinguan\". As constelacións " 7040"modernas refírense a áreas específicas da esfera celeste. Os Xinguans " 7041"refírense só á forma de distribuír as estrelas, sen límites específicos " 7042"entre eles." 7043 7044#. type: Content of: <p><p> 7045#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:20 7046msgid "" 7047"The name and layout of the Xingguans are very social, the kingdom, the " 7048"mountains, the goods, the industry all move to the sky, according to the " 7049"Earth's way in the sky to copy a world." 7050msgstr "" 7051"O nome e disposición dos Xingguans son moi sociais, o reino, as montañas, os" 7052" bens, a industria, todo se leva ó ceo,; no ceo cópiase o mundo ó xeito da " 7053"Terra." 7054 7055#. type: Content of: <p><p> 7056#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:21 7057msgid "" 7058"The Xingguans are generally smaller than the constellations of Hellenistic " 7059"tradition. A Xingguan contain more than dozens of stars, and fewer are only " 7060"one. Medieval Chinese Astronomical Maps generally show a total of 283 " 7061"Xingguans, comprising a total of 1,464 individual stars. The Xingguans are " 7062"divided into 31 regions, the Twenty-Eight Mansions (Chinese: 二十八宿；pinyin: " 7063"Èrshíbā Xiù) along the ecliptic, and the Three Enclosures (Chinese: 三垣; " 7064"pinyin: Sānyuán) of the northern sky. Due to the influence of precession, " 7065"six Xingguans near the southern horizon are getting more and more south. " 7066"They were no longer easy to be observed by astronomers in the Ming and Qing " 7067"Dynasties, so they were no longer recorded in <i>Complete Studies of " 7068"Astronomical</i>." 7069msgstr "" 7070" Os Xinguans son xeralmente máis pequenos cás constelacións da tradición " 7071"helenística. Un Xinguan contén entre unha e varias ducias de estrelas. Os " 7072"mapas astronómicos chineses medievais xeralmente mostran un total de 283 " 7073"Xinguans, que comprenden un total de 1.464 estrelas individuais. Os Xinguans" 7074" divídense en 31 rexións, as Vinte e Oito Mansións (en chinés: 二十八宿 ； " 7075"pinyin: Èrshíbā Xiù) ó longo da eclíptica e os Tres Recintos (en chinés: 三 " 7076"垣; pinyin: Sānyuán) do ceo norte. Debido á influencia da precesión, seis " 7077"Xinguans preto do horizonte sur están cada vez máis ó sur. Xa non eran " 7078"fáciles de observar polos astrónomos das dinastías Ming e Qing, polo que xa " 7079"non se rexistraron en <i>Estudos Completos de Astronomía</i>." 7080 7081#. type: Content of: <p><p> 7082#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:22 7083msgid "" 7084"Before the late Ming Dynasty (17th century), there were no Xingguans around " 7085"the southern celestial pole. The Southern Sky (Chinese: 近南极星区; pinyin: " 7086"JìnnánJí Xīngqū) was added as a 32th region in the late Ming Dynasty based " 7087"on European star charts, comprising an additional 23 Xingguans. The Southern" 7088" Sky are now also treated as part of the traditional Chinese system." 7089msgstr "" 7090"Antes da última dinastía Ming (século XVII), non había Xinguans arredor do " 7091"polo celeste meridional. O ceo do sur (en chinés: 近 南极星 区; pinyin: JìnnánJí " 7092"Xīngqū) foi engadido como a rexión 32 a finais da dinastía Ming, baseándose " 7093"en cartas de estrelas europeas, que inclúe 23 Xinguans adicionais. O ceo do " 7094"sur agora tamén se trata como parte do sistema tradicional chinés." 7095 7096#. type: Content of: <p><p> 7097#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:23 7098msgid "" 7099"Since the late Ming Dynasty, Western missionaries entered the Imperial " 7100"Astronomical Observatory. They have followed the names of the Xingguans, but" 7101" changed the corresponding stars of some Xingguans, and added some stars to " 7102"almost every Xingguan, called \"added stars\" (Chinese: 增星; pinyin: " 7103"zēngxīng). The original stars are called \"primary stars\" (Chinese: 正星; " 7104"pinyin: zhèngxīng). A Xingguan of two or more stars, each star has a number." 7105" The name of the stars in <i>The Continuation of Complete Studies of " 7106"Astronomical</i> is the Xingguan plus a number. But there are also a few " 7107"Xingguans, each star has a special name." 7108msgstr "" 7109"Dende finais da dinastía Ming, os misioneiros occidentais entraron no " 7110"Observatorio Astronómico Imperial. Mantiveron os nomes dos Xinguans, pero " 7111"cambiaron as estrelas correspondentes a algúns Xinguans e engadiron algunhas" 7112" estrelas a case todos os Xinguan, chamadas \"estrelas engadidas\" (chinés: " 7113"增 星; pinyin: zēngxīng). As estrelas orixinais chámanse \"estrelas " 7114"primarias\" (chinés: 正 星; pinyin: zhèngxīng). Nun Xinguan de dúas ou máis " 7115"estrelas, cada estrela ten un número. O nome das estrelas en <i>Continuación" 7116" de Estudos Completos de Astronomía</i> é o Xinguan máis un número. Pero " 7117"tamén hai algúns Xinguans nos que cada estrela ten un nome especial." 7118 7119#. type: Content of: <p><p> 7120#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:24 7121msgid "" 7122"In this way, <i>The Continuation of Complete Studies of Astronomical</i> has" 7123" 300 Xingguans and 3240 stars in total." 7124msgstr "" 7125"Deste xeito, <i>Continuación de Estudos Completos de Astronomía</i> tiña 300" 7126" Xinguans e 3240 estrelas en total." 7127 7128#. type: Content of: <p><p> 7129#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:25 7130msgid "" 7131"Until the Revolution of 1911, China no longer regarded Xingguan as the " 7132"official constellation system. Unlike Xingguans, traditional Chinese star " 7133"names are still used in modern Chinese astronomy, even more common than " 7134"Western names." 7135msgstr "" 7136"Ata a Revolución de 1911, China xa non consideraba o Xinguan como o sistema " 7137"oficial de constelacións. A diferenza dos Xinguans, os nomes de estrelas " 7138"tradicionais chineses aínda se usan na astronomía chinesa moderna, aínda " 7139"máis comúns cós nomes occidentais." 7140 7141#. type: Content of: <p><p> 7142#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:27 7143msgid "<em>Astronomical Map of Complete Studies of Astronomical (1757)</em>" 7144msgstr "<em>Astronomical Map of Complete Studies of Astronomical (1757)</em>" 7145 7146#. type: Content of: <p><h3> 7147#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:30 7148msgid "Three Enclosures" 7149msgstr "Tres Recintos" 7150 7151#. type: Content of: <p><p> 7152#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:32 7153msgid "" 7154"Three Enclosures is three regions in the northern sky surrounded by the " 7155"ecliptic. Three Enclosures is Purple Forbidden Enclosure (Chinese: 紫微垣; " 7156"pinyin: Zǐwēiyuán), Supreme Palace Enclosure (Chinese: 太微垣; pinyin: " 7157"Tàiwēiyuán), Heavenly Market Enclosure (Chinese: 天市垣; pinyin: Tiānshìyuán)." 7158msgstr "" 7159"Os Tres Recintos son tres rexións do ceo norte rodeadas pola eclíptica. Os " 7160"Tres Recintos son o recinto prohibido de cor púrpura (chinés: 紫微 垣; pinyin: " 7161"Zǐwēiyuán),o recinto do palacio supremo (chinés: 太微 垣; pinyin: Tàiwēiyuán) " 7162"e o recinto do mercado celeste (chinés: 天 市 垣; pinyin: Tiānshìyuán)." 7163 7164#. type: Content of: <p><p> 7165#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:33 7166msgid "" 7167"Each Enclosure has two walls, called the left wall and the right wall which " 7168"are the main Xingguans. The walls are surrounded by many Xingguans. There " 7169"are also Xingguans in the vicinity of the wall that belong to this " 7170"Enclosure." 7171msgstr "" 7172"Cada recinto ten dous muros, chamados muro esquerdo e muro dereito, que son " 7173"os principais Xingguans. As murallas están rodeadas de moitos Xingguans. " 7174"Tamén hai Xingguans nas inmediacións do muro que pertencen a este Recinto." 7175 7176#. type: Content of: <p><p> 7177#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:34 7178msgid "" 7179"Purple Forbidden enclosure is the inner palace of the emperor, it covers the" 7180" northernmost area of the night sky. From the viewpoint of the ancient " 7181"Chinese, the Purple Forbidden Enclosure lies in the middle of the sky and is" 7182" circled by all the other stars. It covers the modern constellations Ursa " 7183"Minor, Draco, Camelopardalis, Cepheus, Cassiopeia, Auriga, Boötes, and parts" 7184" of Ursa Major, Canes Venatici, Leo Minor, Hercules. Purple Forbidden " 7185"enclosure has 37 Xingguans." 7186msgstr "" 7187"O recinto prohibido púrpura é o palacio interior do emperador, e cobre a " 7188"zona máis setentrional do ceo nocturno. Dende o punto de vista dos antigos " 7189"chineses, o recinto prohibido púrpura está no medio do ceo e está rodeado " 7190"por todas as outras estrelas. Abarca as constelacións modernas Ursa Minor, " 7191"Draco, Camelopardalis, Cepheus, Cassiopeia, Auriga, Bootes e partes de Ursa " 7192"Maior, Canes Venatici, Leo Minor, Hércules. O recinto prohibido púrpura ten " 7193"37 xingguans." 7194 7195#. type: Content of: <p><ul><li> 7196#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:36 7197msgid "" 7198"<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purple_Forbidden_enclosure\">Purple " 7199"Forbidden enclosure (Wikipedia)</a>" 7200msgstr "" 7201"<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purple_Forbidden_enclosure\">Recinto" 7202" Prohibido Púrpura (Wikipedia)</a>" 7203 7204#. type: Content of: <p><p> 7205#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:38 7206msgid "" 7207"Supreme Palace Enclosure is the place where the emperor and the courtiers " 7208"deal with their politics. Supreme Palace Enclosure has a variety of " 7209"officials and government agencies. It covers the modern constellations " 7210"Virgo, Coma Berenices and Leo, and parts of Canes Venatici, Ursa Major and " 7211"Leo Minor. Supreme Palace Enclosure has 20 Xingguans." 7212msgstr "" 7213"O recinto do palacio supremo é o lugar onde o emperador e os cortesáns " 7214"tratan de política. O recinto do palacio supremo ten moitos funcionarios e " 7215"axencias gobernamentais. Abarca as constelacións modernas Virxe, Cabeleira " 7216"de Berenice e León, e partes de Cans de caza, Osa Maior e León Menor. O " 7217"recinto do palacio supremo ten 20 xingguans." 7218 7219#. type: Content of: <p><ul><li> 7220#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:40 7221msgid "" 7222"<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Palace_enclosure\">Supreme " 7223"Palace Enclosure (Wikipedia)</a>" 7224msgstr "" 7225"<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Palace_enclosure\">Recinto " 7226"do Palacio Supremo (Wikipedia)</a>" 7227 7228#. type: Content of: <p><p> 7229#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:42 7230msgid "" 7231"Heavenly Market Enclosure is a bazaar in the sky, a place where ordinary " 7232"people live. The Heavenly Market Enclosure covers the modern constellations " 7233"Serpens, Ophiuchus, Aquila and Corona Borealis, and parts of Hercules. " 7234"Heavenly Market Enclosure has 19 Xingguans. They were named after the " 7235"participants of the bazaar and the facilities of the bazaar." 7236msgstr "" 7237"O Recinto do Mercado Celestial é un bazar no ceo, un lugar onde a xente " 7238"común vive. O recinto do mercado celeste abarca as constelacións modernas " 7239"Serpens, Ophiuchus, Aquila e Corona Borealis, e algunhas partes de Hércules." 7240" O recinto do mercado celeste conta con 19 xingguans. Foron nomeados segundo" 7241" os participantes do bazar e das instalacións do bazar." 7242 7243#. type: Content of: <p><ul><li> 7244#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:44 7245msgid "" 7246"<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavenly_Market_enclosure\">Heavenly" 7247" Market Enclosure (Wikipedia)</a>" 7248msgstr "" 7249"<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavenly_Market_enclosure\">Recinto " 7250"do Mercado Celestial (Wikipedia)</a>" 7251 7252#. type: Content of: <p><h3> 7253#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:47 7254msgid "Twenty-Eight Mansions" 7255msgstr "Vinte e oito Mansións" 7256 7257#. type: Content of: <p><p> 7258#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:49 7259msgid "" 7260"The Twenty-Eight Mansions (Chinese: 二十八宿; pinyin:Èrshíbā Xiù) also known as " 7261"28 Lunar Mansions are the ancient China divisions of the ecliptic and the " 7262"sky area near the equator to divide the ecliptic into 28 regions according " 7263"to the right ascension. Each region is called a Mansion (Chinese: 宿; " 7264"pinyin:Xiù), The ancients let the Moon change a Mansion every day to rest." 7265msgstr "" 7266"As vinte e oito mansións (en chinés: 二十八宿; pinyin: Èrshíbā Xiù), tamén " 7267"coñecidas como as 28 mansións lunares, son as antigas divisións de China da " 7268"eclíptica e da zona do ceo preto do ecuador para dividir a ecliptica en 28 " 7269"rexións segundo a ascensión recta. Cada rexión chámase mansión (en chinés: " 7270"宿; pinyin: Xiù). Os antigos deixaban que a Lúa cambiase de mansión todos os " 7271"días para descansar." 7272 7273#. type: Content of: <p><p> 7274#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:50 7275msgid "" 7276"Each Mansion has a Xingguan of the same name near the ecliptic, which is the" 7277" main Xingguan. Where the Xingguans in this area belongs to the Mansion." 7278msgstr "" 7279"Cada mansión ten un Xinguan do mesmo nome preto da eclíptica, que é o " 7280"Xinguan principal. Os Xinguans nesta zona pertencen á Mansión." 7281 7282#. type: Content of: <p><p> 7283#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:51 7284msgid "" 7285"Each Xingguans has a main star know as determinative star (Chinese: 距星; " 7286"pinyin: jùxīng). In ancient China, the determinative stars of Twenty-eight " 7287"Mansions was the benchmark for determining the longitude of the equatorial " 7288"coordinate system. The right ascension difference between the determinative " 7289"stars of two adjacent Mansions is the equatorial mansion degrees (Chinese: " 7290"宿度; pinyin: xiùdù) of the western Mansion. The traditional equatorial " 7291"coordinate system of China divides the equator into 365.25 degrees, and the " 7292"Sun runs one day for one degree, which is also the sum of the equatorial " 7293"mansion degrees of the 28 Mansion." 7294msgstr "" 7295"Cada Xinguan ten unha estrela principal coñecida como estrela determinante " 7296"(chinés: 距 星; pinyin: jùxīng). Na China antiga, as estrelas determinantes " 7297"das Vinte e oito Mansións eran o punto de referencia para determinar a " 7298"lonxitude do sistema de coordenadas ecuatoriais. A diferenza de ascensión " 7299"recta entre as estrelas determinantes de dúas mansións adxacentes son os " 7300"graos ecuatoriais da mansión (chinés: 宿 度; pinyin: xiùdù) da mansión do " 7301"oeste. O sistema tradicional de coordenadas ecuatoriais de China divide o " 7302"ecuador en 365,25 graos e o Sol percorre un grao por día, que tamén é a suma" 7303" dos graos ecuatoriais da mansión das 28 Mansións." 7304 7305#. type: Content of: <p><p> 7306#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:52 7307msgid "" 7308"Due to the influence of precession, the equatorial mansion degrees of each " 7309"Mansion has been slowly changing, and some determinative stars have also " 7310"changed in history." 7311msgstr "" 7312"Debido á influencia da precesión, os graos ecuatoriais da mansión de cada " 7313"Mansión foron mudando lentamente e algunhas estrelas determinantes tamén " 7314"cambiaron ó longo da historia." 7315 7316#. type: Content of: <p><p> 7317#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:53 7318msgid "" 7319"On traditional Chinese star maps, there are 28 lines passing through the " 7320"determinative stars of The Twenty-Eight Mansions from the north celestial " 7321"pole as their boundaries to facilitate the positioning of celestial bodies." 7322msgstr "" 7323"Nos mapas tradicionais de estrelas chinesas hai 28 liñas que pasan polas " 7324"estrelas determinantes das vinte e oito mansións desde o polo norte celeste " 7325"como límites para facilitar o posicionamento dos corpos celestes." 7326 7327#. type: Content of: <p><p> 7328#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:54 7329msgid "" 7330"If a celestial body is east of the determinative star of a Mansion, and its " 7331"right ascension does not exceed the determinative star of the next Mansion, " 7332"the difference in right ascension between this celestial body and the " 7333"determinative star, is know as mansion distance degrees (Chinese: 入宿度; " 7334"pinyin: rùxiùdù)." 7335msgstr "" 7336"Se un corpo celeste está ó leste da estrela determinante dunha mansión e a " 7337"súa ascensión recta non supera a estrela determinante da seguinte mansión, a" 7338" diferenza na ascensión recta entre este corpo celeste e a estrela " 7339"determinante coñécese como graos de distancia da mansión ( Chinés: 入 宿 度; " 7340"pinyin: rùxiùdù)." 7341 7342#. type: Content of: <p><p> 7343#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:55 7344msgid "" 7345"Coupled with the polar distance degrees(Chinese: 去极度; pinyin: qùjídù), which" 7346" is the angular distance between the star and the north celestial pole, we " 7347"can determine the position of a star on the celestial sphere. Mansion " 7348"distance degrees and polar distance degrees together constitute the two " 7349"components of the ancient Chinese equatorial coordinate system." 7350msgstr "" 7351"Xunto cos graos de distancia polar (chinés: 去 极度; pinyin: qùjídù), que é a " 7352"distancia angular entre a estrela e o polo norte celeste, podemos determinar" 7353" a posición dunha estrela sobre a esfera celeste. Os graos de distancia da " 7354"mansión e os graos de distancia polar constitúen xuntos os dous compoñentes " 7355"do antigo sistema de coordenadas ecuatoriais chinés." 7356 7357#. type: Content of: <p><p> 7358#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:56 7359msgid "" 7360"The Twenty-Eight Mansions are grouped into Four Symbols (Chinese: 四象; " 7361"pinyin: sìxiàng), each associated with a compass direction and containing " 7362"seven Mansions, corresponds to Seven Luminaries. The correspondence between " 7363"the Twenty-Eight Mansions and the Four Symbols is based on the sky at dusk " 7364"on the vernal equinox in a certain period of ancient times. At this time, " 7365"the Vermilion Bird is in the south, the Azure Dragon is in the east, the " 7366"Black Tortoise is in the north, and the White Tiger is in the west." 7367msgstr "" 7368"As Vinte e Oito Mansións agrúpanse en catro símbolos (chinés: 四象; pinyin: " 7369"sìxiàng), cada un asociado a unha dirección de compás e que contén sete " 7370"mansións, correspondente ás Sete luminarias. A correspondencia entre as " 7371"vinte e oito mansións e os catro símbolos está baseada no ceo ó anoitecer no" 7372" equinoccio de primavera nun determinado período dos tempos antigos. Neste " 7373"momento, o Paxaro Vermellón está no sur, o Dragón Azul está no leste, a " 7374"Tartaruga Negra está no norte e o Tigre Branco no oeste." 7375 7376#. type: Content of: <p><h3> 7377#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:58 7378msgid "The List of The Twenty-Eight Mansions (J2000)" 7379msgstr "A Listaxe das 28 Mansións (J2000)" 7380 7381#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7382#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:61 7383msgid "Seven Luminaries" 7384msgstr "Sete Luminarias" 7385 7386#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7387#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:63 7388msgid "Wood" 7389msgstr "Madeira" 7390 7391#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7392#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:64 7393msgid "Metal" 7394msgstr "Metal" 7395 7396#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7397#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:65 7398msgid "Earth" 7399msgstr "Terra" 7400 7401#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7402#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:68 7403msgid "Fire" 7404msgstr "Lume" 7405 7406#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7407#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:69 7408msgid "Water" 7409msgstr "Auga" 7410 7411#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7412#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:72 7413#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:160 7414#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:248 7415#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:336 7416#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:440 7417#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2910 7418msgid "Chinese Name" 7419msgstr "Nome chinés" 7420 7421#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7422#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:83 7423#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:171 7424#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:259 7425#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:347 7426#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:441 7427#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2911 7428msgid "Pinyin" 7429msgstr "Pinyin" 7430 7431#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7432#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:94 7433#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:182 7434#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:270 7435#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:358 7436#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:442 7437#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2912 7438msgid "Translation" 7439msgstr "Tradución" 7440 7441#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7442#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:95 7443msgid "Azure Dragon of the East" 7444msgstr "Dragón Celeste do Leste" 7445 7446#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7447#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:96 7448#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1016 7449msgid "Horn Mansion" 7450msgstr "Mansión do Corno" 7451 7452#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7453#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:97 7454#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1100 7455msgid "Neck Mansion" 7456msgstr "Mansión do Pescozo" 7457 7458#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7459#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:98 7460#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1156 7461msgid "Root Mansion" 7462msgstr "Mansión da Raíz" 7463 7464#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7465#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:99 7466#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1240 7467msgid "Room Mansion" 7468msgstr "Mansión da Habitación" 7469 7470#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7471#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:100 7472#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1303 7473msgid "Heart Mansion" 7474msgstr "Mansión do Corazón" 7475 7476#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7477#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:101 7478#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1324 7479msgid "Tail Mansion" 7480msgstr "Mansión do Rabo" 7481 7482#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7483#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:102 7484#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1373 7485msgid "Winnowing Basket Mansion" 7486msgstr "Mansión da Cesta de Mazar" 7487 7488#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7489#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:105 7490#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:193 7491#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:281 7492#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:369 7493msgid "Number of xingguans" 7494msgstr "Número de Xinguans" 7495 7496#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7497#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:116 7498#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:204 7499#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:292 7500#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:380 7501msgid "Determinative Star" 7502msgstr "Estrela Determinativa" 7503 7504#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7505#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:127 7506#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:215 7507#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:303 7508#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:391 7509msgid "RA of Determinative Star" 7510msgstr "AR da Estrela Determinativa" 7511 7512#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7513#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:138 7514#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:226 7515#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:314 7516#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:402 7517msgid "Equatorial Mansion Degrees 1" 7518msgstr "Graos da Mansión Ecuatorial 1" 7519 7520#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7521#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:149 7522#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:237 7523#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:325 7524#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:413 7525msgid "Equatorial Mansion Degrees 2" 7526msgstr "Graos da Mansión Ecuatorial 2" 7527 7528#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7529#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:183 7530msgid "Black Tortoise of the North" 7531msgstr "Tartaruga Negra do Norte" 7532 7533#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7534#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:184 7535#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1401 7536msgid "Dipper Mansion" 7537msgstr "Mansión do Cazo" 7538 7539#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7540#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:185 7541#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1478 7542msgid "Ox Mansion" 7543msgstr "Mansión do Boi" 7544 7545#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7546#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:186 7547#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1562 7548msgid "Girl Mansion" 7549msgstr "Mansión da Rapariga" 7550 7551#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7552#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:187 7553#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1625 7554msgid "Emptiness Mansion" 7555msgstr "Mansión do Baleiro" 7556 7557#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7558#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:188 7559#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1702 7560msgid "Rooftop Mansion" 7561msgstr "Mansión do Tellado" 7562 7563#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7564#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:189 7565#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1786 7566msgid "Encampment Mansion" 7567msgstr "Mansión do Campamento" 7568 7569#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7570#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:190 7571#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1870 7572msgid "Wall Mansion" 7573msgstr "Mansión do Muro" 7574 7575#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7576#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:271 7577msgid "White Tiger of the West" 7578msgstr "Tigre Branco do Oeste" 7579 7580#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7581#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:272 7582#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1919 7583msgid "Legs Mansion" 7584msgstr "Mansión das Pernas" 7585 7586#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7587#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:273 7588#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1989 7589msgid "Bond Mansion" 7590msgstr "Mansión do Vencello" 7591 7592#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7593#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:274 7594#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2038 7595msgid "Stomach Mansion" 7596msgstr "Mansión do Estómago" 7597 7598#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7599#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:275 7600#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2094 7601msgid "Hairy Head Mansion" 7602msgstr "Mansión da Cabeza Peluda" 7603 7604#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7605#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:276 7606#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2164 7607msgid "Net Mansion" 7608msgstr "Mansión da Rede" 7609 7610#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7611#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:277 7612#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2276 7613msgid "Turtle Beak Mansion" 7614msgstr "Mansión do Peteiro de Tartaruga" 7615 7616#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7617#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:278 7618#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2304 7619msgid "Three Stars Mansion" 7620msgstr "Mansión das Tres Estrelas" 7621 7622#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7623#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:359 7624msgid "Vermilion Bird of the South" 7625msgstr "Paxaro Vermello do Sur" 7626 7627#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7628#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:360 7629#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2360 7630msgid "Well Mansion" 7631msgstr "Mansión do Ben" 7632 7633#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7634#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:361 7635#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2507 7636msgid "Ghosts Mansion" 7637msgstr "Mansión da Pantasma" 7638 7639#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7640#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:362 7641#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2563 7642msgid "Willow Mansion" 7643msgstr "Mansión do Salgueiro" 7644 7645#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7646#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:363 7647#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2584 7648#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2591 7649msgid "Star Mansion" 7650msgstr "Mansión da Estrela" 7651 7652#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7653#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:364 7654#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2626 7655msgid "Extended Net Mansion" 7656msgstr "Mansión da Rede Extendida" 7657 7658#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7659#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:365 7660#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2647 7661msgid "Wings Mansion" 7662msgstr "Mansión das As" 7663 7664#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7665#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:366 7666#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2668 7667msgid "Chariot Mansion" 7668msgstr "Mansión do Carro" 7669 7670#. type: Content of: <p><p> 7671#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:424 7672msgid "" 7673"note 1: Equatorial Mansion Degrees 1:Modern equatorial coordinate system." 7674msgstr "" 7675"nota 1: Graos da Mansión Ecuatorial 1:Moderno sistema de coordenadas " 7676"ecuatoriais." 7677 7678#. type: Content of: <p><p> 7679#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:425 7680msgid "" 7681"note 2: Equatorial Mansion Degrees 2:The traditional equatorial coordinate " 7682"system of China, divides the equator into 365.25 degrees." 7683msgstr "" 7684"nota 2: Graos da Mansión Ecuatorial 2: As coordenadas ecuatoriais " 7685"tradicionais de China, divide o ecuador en 365.25 graos." 7686 7687#. type: Content of: <p><ul><li><notr><a> 7688#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:428 7689msgid "Twenty-Eight Mansions (Wikipedia)" 7690msgstr "Vinteoito Mansións (Wikipedia)" 7691 7692#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7693#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:432 7694#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2731 7695msgid "The Southern Sky" 7696msgstr "O Ceo do Sur" 7697 7698#. type: Content of: <p><p> 7699#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:434 7700msgid "" 7701"The sky around the south celestial pole was unknown to ancient Chinese. " 7702"Therefore, it was not included in the Three Enclosures and Twenty-Eight " 7703"Mansions system. However, in the late Ming Dynasty, Xu Guangqi (Chinese: " 7704"徐光启; pinyin: Xú Guāngqǐ) introduced another 23 Xingguans based on the " 7705"European star charts. These Xingguans were since incorporated into the " 7706"traditional Chinese star maps. These Xingguans are actually variations of " 7707"Western constellations, and they are mostly named after animals." 7708msgstr "" 7709"O ceo arredor do polo sur celeste era descoñecido para os antigos chineses. " 7710"Polo tanto, non se incluíron no sistema os Tres Recintos e as Vinte e Oito " 7711"Mansións. Non obstante, a finais da dinastía Ming, Xu Guangqi (en chinés: " 7712"徐光启; pinyin: Xú Guāngqǐ) introduciu outros 23 Xinguans baseados nas listas " 7713"de estrelas europeas. Estes Xinguans incorporáronse dende entón ós mapas " 7714"tradicionais de estrelas chinesas. Estes Xinguans son en realidade " 7715"variacións das constelacións occidentais, e levan principalmente nomes de " 7716"animais." 7717 7718#. type: Content of: <p><h3> 7719#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:436 7720msgid "The list of Xingguans" 7721msgstr "Listaxe de Xingguans" 7722 7723#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7724#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:443 7725msgid "Number of Primary Stars" 7726msgstr "Número de Estrelas Primarias" 7727 7728#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7729#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:444 7730msgid "Number of Added Stars" 7731msgstr "Número de estrelas engadidas" 7732 7733#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7734#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:449 7735msgid "Purple Forbidden Enclosure" 7736msgstr "Recinto Prohibido Púrpura" 7737 7738#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7739#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:456 7740msgid "Northern Pole" 7741msgstr "Polo Norte" 7742 7743#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7744#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:463 7745msgid "Four Advisors" 7746msgstr "Catro Conselleiros" 7747 7748#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7749#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:470 7750msgid "Celestial Great One" 7751msgstr "O Grande Celestial" 7752 7753#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7754#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:477 7755msgid "First Great One" 7756msgstr "Primeiro O Grande" 7757 7758#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7759#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:484 7760msgid "Purple Forbidden Left Wall" 7761msgstr "Muro Esquerdo do Prohibido Púrpura" 7762 7763#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7764#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:491 7765msgid "Purple Forbidden Right Wall" 7766msgstr "Muro Dereito do Prohibido Púrpura" 7767 7768#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7769#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:498 7770msgid "Hidden Virtue" 7771msgstr "Virtude Escondida" 7772 7773#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7774#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:505 7775msgid "Royal Secretary" 7776msgstr "Secretario Real" 7777 7778#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7779#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:512 7780msgid "Female Protocol" 7781msgstr "Protocolo Feminino" 7782 7783#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7784#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:519 7785msgid "Official of Royal Archives" 7786msgstr "Oficial de Arquivos Reais" 7787 7788#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7789#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:526 7790msgid "Maids-in-waiting" 7791msgstr "Criadas agardando" 7792 7793#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7794#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:533 7795msgid "Celestial Pillar" 7796msgstr "Columna Celestial" 7797 7798#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7799#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:540 7800msgid "Chief Judge" 7801msgstr "Xuíz Xefe" 7802 7803#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7804#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:547 7805msgid "Curved Array" 7806msgstr "Matriz Curvada" 7807 7808#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7809#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:554 7810msgid "Six Jia" 7811msgstr "Six Jia" 7812 7813#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7814#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:561 7815msgid "Great Emperor of Heaven" 7816msgstr "Gran Emperador do Ceo" 7817 7818#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7819#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:568 7820msgid "Interior Seats of the Five Emperors" 7821msgstr "Asentos Interiores dos Cinco Emperadores" 7822 7823#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7824#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:575 7825msgid "Canopy of the Emperor" 7826msgstr "Baldaquino do Emperador" 7827 7828#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7829#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:582 7830msgid "Canopy Support (Vassal of Canopy of the Emperor )" 7831msgstr "Soporte da Marquesiña (Vasalo da Marquesiña do Emperador)" 7832 7833#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7834#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:589 7835msgid "Guest House" 7836msgstr "Casa de Convidados" 7837 7838#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7839#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:596 7840msgid "Inner Steps" 7841msgstr "Chanzos Interiores" 7842 7843#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7844#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:603 7845msgid "Celestial Kitchen" 7846msgstr "Cociña Celestial" 7847 7848#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7849#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:610 7850msgid "Eight Kinds of Crops" 7851msgstr "Oito tipos de cultivos" 7852 7853#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7854#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:617 7855msgid "Celestial Flail" 7856msgstr "Axitación Celestial" 7857 7858#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7859#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:624 7860msgid "Inner Kitchen" 7861msgstr "Cociña Interior" 7862 7863#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7864#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:631 7865msgid "Administrative Center" 7866msgstr "Centro Administrativo" 7867 7868#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7869#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:638 7870msgid "Three Top Instructors" 7871msgstr "Tres Instrutores Principais" 7872 7873#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7874#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:645 7875#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:757 7876msgid "Three Excellencies" 7877msgstr "Tres Excelencias" 7878 7879#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7880#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:652 7881msgid "Celestial Bed" 7882msgstr "Leito Celestial" 7883 7884#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7885#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:659 7886msgid "Royals" 7887msgstr "Realeza" 7888 7889#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7890#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:666 7891msgid "Celestial Prison" 7892msgstr "Prisión Celestial" 7893 7894#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7895#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:673 7896msgid "Guard of the Sun" 7897msgstr "Gardián do Sol" 7898 7899#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7900#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:680 7901msgid "Eunuch" 7902msgstr "Eunuco" 7903 7904#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7905#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:687 7906msgid "Prime Minister" 7907msgstr "Primeiro Ministro" 7908 7909#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7910#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:694 7911msgid "Sombre Lance" 7912msgstr "Lanza Sombría" 7913 7914#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7915#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:701 7916msgid "Judge for Nobility" 7917msgstr "Xulgado de Nobreza" 7918 7919#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7920#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:708 7921msgid "Northern Dipper" 7922msgstr "Cullerón do Norte" 7923 7924#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7925#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:715 7926msgid "Assistant (Vassal of Northern Dipper)" 7927msgstr "Asistente (Vasalo do Cullerón do Norte)" 7928 7929#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7930#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:722 7931msgid "Celestial Spear" 7932msgstr "Arpón Celestial" 7933 7934#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7935#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:729 7936msgid "Supreme Palace Enclosure" 7937msgstr "Recinto do Palacio Supremo" 7938 7939#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7940#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:736 7941msgid "Supreme Palace Left Wall" 7942msgstr "Muro Esquerdo do Palacio Supremo" 7943 7944#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7945#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:743 7946msgid "Supreme Palace Right Wall" 7947msgstr "Muro Dereito do Palacio Supremo" 7948 7949#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7950#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:750 7951msgid "Usher to the Court" 7952msgstr "Alguacil da Corte" 7953 7954#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7955#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:764 7956msgid "Nine Senior Officers" 7957msgstr "Nove Oficiais Veteranos" 7958 7959#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7960#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:771 7961msgid "Five Lords" 7962msgstr "Cinco Señores" 7963 7964#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7965#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:778 7966msgid "Inner Screen" 7967msgstr "Pantalla Interior" 7968 7969#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7970#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:785 7971msgid "Seats of the Five Emperors" 7972msgstr "Asentos dos Cinco Emperadores" 7973 7974#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7975#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:792 7976msgid "Officer of Honour" 7977msgstr "Oficial de Honra" 7978 7979#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7980#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:799 7981msgid "Crown Prince" 7982msgstr "Príncipe Herdeiro" 7983 7984#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7985#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:806 7986#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1296 7987msgid "Retinue" 7988msgstr "Séquito" 7989 7990#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7991#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:813 7992msgid "Captain of the Bodyguards" 7993msgstr "Capitán dos Gardacostas" 7994 7995#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 7996#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:820 7997msgid "Emperor's Bodyguard" 7998msgstr "Gardacostas do Emperador" 7999 8000#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8001#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:827 8002msgid "Royal Guards" 8003msgstr "Gardas Reais" 8004 8005#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8006#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:834 8007msgid "Officers of the Imperial Guard" 8008msgstr "Oficiais da Garda do Emperador" 8009 8010#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8011#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:841 8012msgid "The Hall of Glory" 8013msgstr "O Salón da Gloria" 8014 8015#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8016#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:848 8017msgid "Astronomical Observatory" 8018msgstr "Observatorio Astronómico" 8019 8020#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8021#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:855 8022msgid "Junior Officers" 8023msgstr "Oficiais Novos" 8024 8025#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8026#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:862 8027msgid "Long Wall" 8028msgstr "Muro Longo" 8029 8030#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8031#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:869 8032msgid "Three Steps" 8033msgstr "Tres Chanzos" 8034 8035#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8036#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:876 8037msgid "Heavenly Market Enclosure" 8038msgstr "Recinto do Mercado do Ceo" 8039 8040#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8041#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:883 8042msgid "Heavenly Market Left Wall" 8043msgstr "Muro Esquerdo do Mercado do Ceo" 8044 8045#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8046#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:890 8047msgid "Heavenly Market Right Wall" 8048msgstr "Muro Dereito do Mercado do Ceo" 8049 8050#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8051#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:897 8052msgid "Municipal Office" 8053msgstr "Oficina Municipal" 8054 8055#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8056#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:904 8057msgid "Commodity Market" 8058msgstr "Mercado de Materias Primas" 8059 8060#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8061#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:911 8062msgid "Official for the Royal Clan" 8063msgstr "Oficial para o Clan Real" 8064 8065#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8066#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:918 8067msgid "Official of Religious Ceremonies" 8068msgstr "Oficial de Cerimonias Relixiosas" 8069 8070#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8071#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:925 8072msgid "Patriarchal Clan" 8073msgstr "Clan Patriarcal" 8074 8075#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8076#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:932 8077msgid "Textile Ruler" 8078msgstr "Regra Téxtil" 8079 8080#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8081#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:939 8082msgid "Butcher's Shops" 8083msgstr "Carnicerías" 8084 8085#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8086#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:946 8087msgid "Astrologer" 8088msgstr "Astrólogo" 8089 8090#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8091#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:953 8092msgid "Emperor's Seat" 8093msgstr "Asento do Emperador" 8094 8095#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8096#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:960 8097msgid "Eunuch Official" 8098msgstr "Oficial Eunuco" 8099 8100#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8101#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:967 8102msgid "Jewel Market" 8103msgstr "Mercado de Xoias" 8104 8105#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8106#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:974 8107msgid "Dipper for Liquids" 8108msgstr "Cullerón de Líquidos" 8109 8110#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8111#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:981 8112msgid "Dipper for Solids" 8113msgstr "Cullerón de Sólidos" 8114 8115#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8116#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:988 8117msgid "Coiled Thong" 8118msgstr "Fita Envolvida" 8119 8120#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8121#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:995 8122msgid "Seven Excellencies" 8123msgstr "Sete Excelencias" 8124 8125#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8126#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1002 8127msgid "Celestial Discipline" 8128msgstr "Disciplina Celestial" 8129 8130#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8131#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1009 8132msgid "Woman's Bed" 8133msgstr "Leito de Muller" 8134 8135#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8136#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1023 8137msgid "Horn" 8138msgstr "Corno" 8139 8140#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8141#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1030 8142msgid "Flat Road" 8143msgstr "Estrada Chaira" 8144 8145#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8146#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1037 8147#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1492 8148msgid "Celestial Farmland" 8149msgstr "Terras Agrícolas Celestiais" 8150 8151#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8152#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1044 8153msgid "Recommending Virtuous Men" 8154msgstr "Recomendando Homes Virtuosos" 8155 8156#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8157#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1051 8158msgid "Tripod of the Zhou" 8159msgstr "Trespés de Zhou" 8160 8161#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8162#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1058 8163msgid "Celestial Gate" 8164msgstr "Porta Celestial" 8165 8166#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8167#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1065 8168msgid "Justice" 8169msgstr "Xustiza" 8170 8171#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8172#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1072 8173msgid "Arsenal" 8174msgstr "Arsenal" 8175 8176#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8177#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1079 8178#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2227 8179msgid "Pillars" 8180msgstr "Columnas" 8181 8182#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8183#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1086 8184msgid "Railings" 8185msgstr "Varandas" 8186 8187#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8188#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1093 8189msgid "Southern Gate" 8190msgstr "Porta do Sur" 8191 8192#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8193#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1107 8194msgid "Neck" 8195msgstr "Pescozo" 8196 8197#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8198#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1114 8199msgid "Great Horn" 8200msgstr "Gran Corno" 8201 8202#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8203#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1121 8204msgid "Left Conductor" 8205msgstr "Condutor Esquerdo" 8206 8207#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8208#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1128 8209msgid "Right Conductor" 8210msgstr "Condutor dereito" 8211 8212#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8213#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1135 8214msgid "Trials" 8215msgstr "Ensaios" 8216 8217#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8218#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1142 8219msgid "Gate of Yang" 8220msgstr "Porta de Yang" 8221 8222#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8223#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1149 8224msgid "Executions" 8225msgstr "Execucións" 8226 8227#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8228#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1163 8229msgid "Root" 8230msgstr "Raíz" 8231 8232#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8233#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1170 8234msgid "Celestial Milk" 8235msgstr "Leite Celestial" 8236 8237#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8238#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1177 8239msgid "Twinkling Indicator" 8240msgstr "Indicador de Escintileo" 8241 8242#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8243#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1184 8244msgid "Celestial Lance" 8245msgstr "Lanza Celestial" 8246 8247#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8248#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1191 8249msgid "Mattress of the Emperor" 8250msgstr "Colchón do Emperador" 8251 8252#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8253#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1198 8254msgid "Boats and Lake" 8255msgstr "Barcos e Lago" 8256 8257#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8258#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1205 8259msgid "Battle Chariots" 8260msgstr "Carros de Batalla" 8261 8262#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8263#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1212 8264msgid "Imperial Guards" 8265msgstr "Gardas Imperiais" 8266 8267#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8268#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1219 8269msgid "Chariots and Cavalry" 8270msgstr "Carros e Cabalería" 8271 8272#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8273#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1226 8274msgid "Celestial Spokes" 8275msgstr "Raios Celestiais" 8276 8277#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8278#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1233 8279msgid "Chariots and Cavalry General" 8280msgstr "Xeneral de Carros e Cabalería" 8281 8282#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8283#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1247 8284msgid "Room" 8285msgstr "Cuarto" 8286 8287#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8288#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1254 8289msgid "Lock (Vassal of Room)" 8290msgstr "Pechadura (Vasalo de Cuarto)" 8291 8292#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8293#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1261 8294msgid "Door Bolt" 8295msgstr "Porlón" 8296 8297#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8298#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1268 8299msgid "Punishment" 8300msgstr "Castigo" 8301 8302#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8303#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1275 8304msgid "Eastern Door" 8305msgstr "Porta do leste" 8306 8307#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8308#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1282 8309msgid "Western Door" 8310msgstr "Porta do Oeste" 8311 8312#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8313#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1289 8314msgid "Solar Star" 8315msgstr "Estrela Solar" 8316 8317#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 8318#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1310 8319#: ../../skycultures/japanese_moon_stations/description.en.utf8:69 8320msgid "Heart" 8321msgstr "Corazón" 8322 8323#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8324#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1317 8325msgid "Group of Soldiers" 8326msgstr "Grupo de Soldados" 8327 8328#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 8329#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1331 8330#: ../../skycultures/japanese_moon_stations/description.en.utf8:76 8331msgid "Tail" 8332msgstr "Rabo" 8333 8334#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8335#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1338 8336msgid "Changing Room (Vassal of Tail)" 8337msgstr "Vestiario (Vasalo de Rabo)" 8338 8339#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8340#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1345 8341msgid "Tortoise" 8342msgstr "Sapoconcho" 8343 8344#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8345#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1352 8346msgid "Celestial River" 8347msgstr "Río Celestial" 8348 8349#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8350#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1359 8351msgid "Fu Yue" 8352msgstr "Fu Yue" 8353 8354#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8355#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1366 8356#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2926 8357msgid "Fish" 8358msgstr "Peixe" 8359 8360#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8361#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1380 8362msgid "Winnowing Basket" 8363msgstr "Cesta de mazar" 8364 8365#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8366#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1387 8367msgid "Chaff" 8368msgstr "Palla" 8369 8370#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8371#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1394 8372#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1730 8373msgid "Pestle" 8374msgstr "Pilón" 8375 8376#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8377#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1408 8378msgid "Dipper" 8379msgstr "Cullerón" 8380 8381#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8382#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1415 8383msgid "Establishment" 8384msgstr "Estabelecemento" 8385 8386#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8387#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1422 8388msgid "Celestial Keyhole" 8389msgstr "Ollo da Pechadura Celestial" 8390 8391#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8392#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1429 8393msgid "Market Officer" 8394msgstr "Oficial do mercado" 8395 8396#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8397#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1436 8398msgid "River Turtle" 8399msgstr "Tartaruga de río" 8400 8401#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8402#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1443 8403msgid "Celestial Cock" 8404msgstr "Galo Celestial" 8405 8406#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8407#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1450 8408msgid "Territory of Dog" 8409msgstr "Territorio de Can" 8410 8411#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8412#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1457 8413msgid "Celestial Spring" 8414msgstr "Primavera Celestial" 8415 8416#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8417#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1464 8418#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:399 8419#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:241 8420#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:222 8421msgid "Dog" 8422msgstr "Can" 8423 8424#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8425#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1471 8426msgid "Peasant" 8427msgstr "Labrego" 8428 8429#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8430#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1485 8431msgid "Ox" 8432msgstr "Boi" 8433 8434#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8435#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1499 8436msgid "Nine Water Wells" 8437msgstr "Nove Pozos de Auga" 8438 8439#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8440#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1506 8441msgid "Drum at the River" 8442msgstr "Tambor no río" 8443 8444#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8445#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1513 8446msgid "Weaving Girl" 8447msgstr "Tecelá" 8448 8449#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8450#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1520 8451msgid "Left Flag" 8452msgstr "Bandeira Esquerda" 8453 8454#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8455#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1527 8456msgid "Right Flag" 8457msgstr "Bandeira Dereita" 8458 8459#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8460#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1534 8461msgid "Celestial Drumstick" 8462msgstr "Pau de Tambor Celestial" 8463 8464#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8465#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1541 8466msgid "Network of Dykes" 8467msgstr "Rede de Dykes" 8468 8469#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8470#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1548 8471msgid "Clepsydra Terrace" 8472msgstr "Terraza de Clepsidra" 8473 8474#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8475#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1555 8476msgid "Imperial Passageway" 8477msgstr "Corredor Imperial" 8478 8479#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8480#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1569 8481msgid "Girl" 8482msgstr "Rapaza" 8483 8484#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8485#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1576 8486msgid "Twelve States" 8487msgstr "Doce Estados" 8488 8489#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8490#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1583 8491msgid "Pearls on Ladies' Wear" 8492msgstr "Perlas sobre roupa de muller" 8493 8494#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8495#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1590 8496msgid "Rotten Gourd" 8497msgstr "Cabaza Podre" 8498 8499#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8500#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1597 8501msgid "Good Gourd" 8502msgstr "Cabaza Sa" 8503 8504#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8505#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1604 8506msgid "Celestial Ford" 8507msgstr "Vao Celestial" 8508 8509#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8510#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1611 8511msgid "Xi Zhong" 8512msgstr "Xi Zhong" 8513 8514#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8515#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1618 8516msgid "Basket for Mulberry Leaves" 8517msgstr "Cesto para Follas de Moreira" 8518 8519#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 8520#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1632 8521#: ../../skycultures/japanese_moon_stations/description.en.utf8:124 8522msgid "Emptiness" 8523msgstr "Baleiro" 8524 8525#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8526#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1639 8527msgid "Deified Judge of Life" 8528msgstr "Xuíz de Vida Deificado" 8529 8530#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8531#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1646 8532msgid "Deified Judge of Rank" 8533msgstr "Xuíz de Rango Deificado" 8534 8535#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8536#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1653 8537msgid "Deified Judge of Disaster and Good Fortune" 8538msgstr "Xuíz Deificado de Desastre e Boa Fortuna" 8539 8540#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8541#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1660 8542msgid "Deified Judge of Right and Wrong" 8543msgstr "Xuíz Deificado do Correcto e do Incorrecto" 8544 8545#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8546#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1667 8547msgid "Crying" 8548msgstr "Choro" 8549 8550#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8551#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1674 8552msgid "Weeping" 8553msgstr "Pranto" 8554 8555#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8556#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1681 8557msgid "Celestial Ramparts" 8558msgstr "Murallas Celestiais" 8559 8560#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8561#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1688 8562msgid "Decayed Mortar" 8563msgstr "Morteiro Deteriorado" 8564 8565#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8566#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1695 8567msgid "Jade Ornament on Ladies' Wear" 8568msgstr "Ornamento de xade sobre roupa de muller" 8569 8570#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8571#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1709 8572msgid "Rooftop" 8573msgstr "Azotea" 8574 8575#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8576#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1716 8577msgid "Tomb (Vassal of Rooftop)" 8578msgstr "Tumba (Vasalo de Azotea)" 8579 8580#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8581#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1723 8582msgid "Humans" 8583msgstr "Humanos" 8584 8585#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8586#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1737 8587msgid "Mortar" 8588msgstr "Morteiro" 8589 8590#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8591#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1744 8592msgid "Big Yard for Chariots" 8593msgstr "Gran Patio para Carros" 8594 8595#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8596#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1751 8597msgid "Celestial Hook" 8598msgstr "Gancho Celestial" 8599 8600#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8601#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1758 8602msgid "Zaofu" 8603msgstr "Zaofu" 8604 8605#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8606#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1765 8607msgid "Roofing" 8608msgstr "Tellado" 8609 8610#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8611#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1772 8612msgid "Temple" 8613msgstr "Templo" 8614 8615#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8616#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1779 8617msgid "Celestial Money" 8618msgstr "Diñeiro Celestial" 8619 8620#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8621#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1793 8622msgid "Encampment" 8623msgstr "Campamento" 8624 8625#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8626#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1800 8627msgid "Resting Palace (Vassal of Encampment)" 8628msgstr "Pazo de Descanso (Vasalo de Campamento)" 8629 8630#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8631#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1807 8632msgid "Thunder and Lightning" 8633msgstr "Tronos e Lóstregos" 8634 8635#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8636#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1814 8637msgid "Line of Ramparts" 8638msgstr "Liña de Murallas" 8639 8640#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8641#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1821 8642msgid "Palace Guard" 8643msgstr "Garda do Palacio" 8644 8645#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8646#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1828 8647msgid "Axe" 8648msgstr "Machada" 8649 8650#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8651#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1835 8652msgid "North Gate of the Military Camp" 8653msgstr "Porta Norte do Campo Militar" 8654 8655#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8656#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1842 8657msgid "Net for Catching Birds" 8658msgstr "Rede para Cazar Paxaros" 8659 8660#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8661#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1849 8662msgid "Materials for Making Tents" 8663msgstr "Materiais para Facer Tendas" 8664 8665#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8666#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1856 8667msgid "Official for Materials Supply" 8668msgstr "Oficial de abastecemento de materiais" 8669 8670#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8671#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1863 8672msgid "Flying Serpent" 8673msgstr "Serpe Voadora" 8674 8675#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 8676#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1877 8677#: ../../skycultures/japanese_moon_stations/description.en.utf8:145 8678msgid "Wall" 8679msgstr "Muro" 8680 8681#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8682#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1884 8683msgid "Thunderbolt" 8684msgstr "Lóstrego" 8685 8686#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8687#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1891 8688msgid "Cloud and Rain" 8689msgstr "Nube e Choiva" 8690 8691#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8692#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1898 8693msgid "Celestial Stable" 8694msgstr "Corte Celestial" 8695 8696#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8697#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1905 8698msgid "Sickle" 8699msgstr "Fouciño" 8700 8701#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8702#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1912 8703msgid "Official for Earthworks and Buildings" 8704msgstr "Oficial para Movementos de Terras e Edificios" 8705 8706#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8707#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1926 8708msgid "Legs" 8709msgstr "Pernas" 8710 8711#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8712#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1933 8713msgid "Outer Fence" 8714msgstr "Valo exterior" 8715 8716#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8717#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1940 8718msgid "Celestial Pigsty" 8719msgstr "Porqueira Celestial" 8720 8721#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8722#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1947 8723#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2717 8724msgid "Master of Constructions" 8725msgstr "Mestre de Construcións" 8726 8727#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8728#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1954 8729msgid "Southern Military Gate" 8730msgstr "Porta Militar do Sur" 8731 8732#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8733#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1961 8734msgid "Flying Corridor" 8735msgstr "Corredor Voante" 8736 8737#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8738#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1968 8739msgid "Auxiliary Road" 8740msgstr "Camiño Auxiliar" 8741 8742#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8743#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1975 8744msgid "Wang Liang" 8745msgstr "Wang Liang" 8746 8747#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8748#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1982 8749msgid "Whip" 8750msgstr "Tralla" 8751 8752#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8753#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:1996 8754msgid "Bond" 8755msgstr "Ligazón" 8756 8757#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8758#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2003 8759msgid "Official in Charge of the Forest" 8760msgstr "Oficial a Cargo do Bosque" 8761 8762#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8763#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2010 8764msgid "Official in Charge of Pasturing" 8765msgstr "Oficial a Cargo do Pastoreo" 8766 8767#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8768#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2017 8769msgid "Square Celestial Granary" 8770msgstr "Celeiro Celestial Cadrado" 8771 8772#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8773#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2024 8774msgid "Ricks of Grain" 8775msgstr "Celeiros de Gran" 8776 8777#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8778#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2031 8779msgid "Great General of Heaven" 8780msgstr "Gran Xeneral do Ceo" 8781 8782#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 8783#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2045 8784#: ../../skycultures/japanese_moon_stations/description.en.utf8:178 8785msgid "Stomach" 8786msgstr "Estómago" 8787 8788#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8789#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2052 8790msgid "Celestial Foodstuff" 8791msgstr "Alimentos Celestiais" 8792 8793#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8794#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2059 8795msgid "Circular Celestial Granary" 8796msgstr "Celeiro Celestial Redondo" 8797 8798#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8799#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2066 8800msgid "Mausoleum" 8801msgstr "Mausoleo" 8802 8803#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8804#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2073 8805msgid "Celestial Boat" 8806msgstr "Barco Celestial" 8807 8808#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8809#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2080 8810msgid "Heap of Corpses" 8811msgstr "Morea de Cadaveres" 8812 8813#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8814#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2087 8815msgid "Stored Water" 8816msgstr "Auga Almacenada" 8817 8818#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8819#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2101 8820msgid "Hairy Head" 8821msgstr "Cabeza Peluda" 8822 8823#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8824#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2108 8825msgid "Celestial Concave" 8826msgstr "Cóncavo Celestial" 8827 8828#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8829#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2115 8830msgid "Lunar Star" 8831msgstr "Estrela Lunar" 8832 8833#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8834#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2122 8835msgid "Celestial Yin Force" 8836msgstr "Forza Yin Celestial" 8837 8838#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8839#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2129 8840msgid "Hay" 8841msgstr "Feo" 8842 8843#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8844#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2136 8845msgid "Celestial Meadows" 8846msgstr "Prados Celestiais" 8847 8848#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8849#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2143 8850msgid "Rolled Tongue" 8851msgstr "Lingua enrolada" 8852 8853#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8854#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2150 8855msgid "Celestial Slander" 8856msgstr "Calumnia Celestial" 8857 8858#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8859#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2157 8860msgid "Whetstone" 8861msgstr "Pedra de afiar" 8862 8863#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8864#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2171 8865msgid "Net" 8866msgstr "Rede" 8867 8868#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8869#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2178 8870msgid "Whisper (Vassal of Net)" 8871msgstr "Murmurio (Vasalo de Rede)" 8872 8873#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8874#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2185 8875msgid "Celestial Street" 8876msgstr "Rúa Celestial" 8877 8878#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8879#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2192 8880msgid "Celestial Tally" 8881msgstr "Reconto Celestial" 8882 8883#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8884#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2199 8885msgid "Feudal Kings" 8886msgstr "Reis Feudais" 8887 8888#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8889#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2206 8890msgid "Celestial High Terrace" 8891msgstr "Alta Terraza Celestial" 8892 8893#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8894#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2213 8895msgid "Interpreters of Nine Dialects" 8896msgstr "Intérpretes de Nove Dialectos" 8897 8898#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8899#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2220 8900msgid "Five Chariots" 8901msgstr "Cinco carros" 8902 8903#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8904#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2234 8905msgid "Celestial Pier" 8906msgstr "Peirao Celestial" 8907 8908#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8909#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2241 8910msgid "Pool of Harmony" 8911msgstr "Piscina de Harmonía" 8912 8913#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8914#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2248 8915msgid "Celestial Pass" 8916msgstr "Paso Celestial" 8917 8918#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8919#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2255 8920msgid "Banner of Three Stars" 8921msgstr "Estandarte de tres estrelas" 8922 8923#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8924#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2262 8925msgid "Imperial Military Flag" 8926msgstr "Bandeira Militar Imperial" 8927 8928#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8929#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2269 8930msgid "Celestial Orchard" 8931msgstr "Horta Celestial" 8932 8933#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8934#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2283 8935msgid "Turtle Beak" 8936msgstr "Peteiro de Tartaruga" 8937 8938#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8939#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2290 8940msgid "Deity in Charge of Monsters" 8941msgstr "Deidade a Cargo de Monstros" 8942 8943#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8944#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2297 8945msgid "Seat Flags" 8946msgstr "Bandeiras de Asento" 8947 8948#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8949#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2311 8950msgid "Three Stars" 8951msgstr "Tres Estrelas" 8952 8953#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8954#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2318 8955msgid "Send Armed Forces To Suppress (Vassal of Three Stars)" 8956msgstr "Enviar forzas armadas para reprimir (Vasalo de Tres Estrelas)" 8957 8958#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8959#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2325 8960msgid "Jade Well" 8961msgstr "Pozo de xade" 8962 8963#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8964#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2332 8965msgid "Screen" 8966msgstr "Pantalla" 8967 8968#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8969#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2339 8970msgid "Military well" 8971msgstr "Pozo Militar" 8972 8973#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8974#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2346 8975msgid "Toilet" 8976msgstr "Baños" 8977 8978#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8979#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2353 8980msgid "Excrement" 8981msgstr "Excremento" 8982 8983#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 8984#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2367 8985#: ../../skycultures/japanese_moon_stations/description.en.utf8:225 8986msgid "Well" 8987msgstr "Well" 8988 8989#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8990#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2374 8991msgid "Battle Axe (Vassal of Well)" 8992msgstr "Machada de Batalla (Vasalo de Pozo)" 8993 8994#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 8995#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2381 8996msgid "South River" 8997msgstr "Río do Sur" 8998 8999#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 9000#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2388 9001msgid "North River" 9002msgstr "Río do Norte" 9003 9004#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 9005#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2395 9006msgid "Celestial Wine Cup" 9007msgstr "Cunca de Viño Celestial" 9008 9009#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 9010#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2402 9011msgid "Five Feudal Kings" 9012msgstr "Cinco Reis Feudais" 9013 9014#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 9015#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2409 9016msgid "Accumulated Water" 9017msgstr "Auga Acumulada" 9018 9019#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 9020#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2416 9021msgid "Pile of Firewood" 9022msgstr "Pía de Leña" 9023 9024#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 9025#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2423 9026msgid "Official for Irrigation" 9027msgstr "Oficial de Irrigación" 9028 9029#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 9030#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2430 9031msgid "Water Level" 9032msgstr "Nivel de Auga" 9033 9034#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 9035#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2437 9036msgid "Four Channels" 9037msgstr "Catro Canles" 9038 9039#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 9040#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2444 9041msgid "Market for Soldiers" 9042msgstr "Mercado para Soldados" 9043 9044#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 9045#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2451 9046msgid "Wild Cockerel" 9047msgstr "Pita do Monte" 9048 9049#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 9050#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2458 9051msgid "Grandfather" 9052msgstr "Avó" 9053 9054#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 9055#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2465 9056msgid "Son" 9057msgstr "Fillo" 9058 9059#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 9060#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2472 9061msgid "Grandson" 9062msgstr "Neto" 9063 9064#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 9065#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2479 9066msgid "Palace Gate" 9067msgstr "Porta do palacio" 9068 9069#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 9070#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2486 9071msgid "Celestial Wolf" 9072msgstr "Raposo Celestial" 9073 9074#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 9075#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2493 9076msgid "Bow and Arrow" 9077msgstr "Arco e Frechas" 9078 9079#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 9080#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2500 9081msgid "Old Man" 9082msgstr "Home vello" 9083 9084#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 9085#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2514 9086msgid "Ghosts" 9087msgstr "Pantasmas" 9088 9089#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 9090#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2521 9091#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2933 9092msgid "Cumulative Corpses" 9093msgstr "Cadáveres Amoreados" 9094 9095#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 9096#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2528 9097msgid "Beacon Fire" 9098msgstr "Lume de Faro" 9099 9100#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 9101#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2535 9102msgid "Celestial Dog" 9103msgstr "Can Celestial" 9104 9105#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 9106#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2542 9107msgid "Outer Kitchen" 9108msgstr "Cociña exterior" 9109 9110#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 9111#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2549 9112msgid "Celestial Earth God's Temple" 9113msgstr "Templo do Deus da Terra " 9114 9115#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 9116#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2556 9117msgid "Judge for Estimating the Age of Animals" 9118msgstr "Xuíz para Estimar a Idade dos Animais" 9119 9120#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 9121#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2570 9122#: ../../skycultures/japanese_moon_stations/description.en.utf8:239 9123msgid "Willow" 9124msgstr "Vimbio" 9125 9126#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 9127#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2577 9128msgid "Banner of Wine Shop" 9129msgstr "Estandarte de Tenda de Viño" 9130 9131#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 9132#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2598 9133msgid "Celestial Premier" 9134msgstr "Primeiro Ministro Celestial" 9135 9136#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 9137#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2605 9138msgid "Celestial Cereals" 9139msgstr "Cereais Celestiais" 9140 9141#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 9142#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2612 9143msgid "Xuanyuan" 9144msgstr "Xuanyuan" 9145 9146#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 9147#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2619 9148msgid "High Judge" 9149msgstr "Alto Xuíz" 9150 9151#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 9152#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2633 9153msgid "Extended Net" 9154msgstr "Rede Extendida" 9155 9156#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 9157#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2640 9158msgid "Celestial Temple" 9159msgstr "Templo Celestial" 9160 9161#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 9162#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2654 9163#: ../../skycultures/japanese_moon_stations/description.en.utf8:260 9164msgid "Wings" 9165msgstr "Ás" 9166 9167#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 9168#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2661 9169msgid "Dongou" 9170msgstr "Dongou" 9171 9172#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 9173#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2675 9174msgid "Chariot" 9175msgstr "Carro" 9176 9177#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 9178#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2682 9179msgid "Changsha (Vassal of Chariot)" 9180msgstr "Changsha (Vasalo de Carro)" 9181 9182#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 9183#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2689 9184msgid "Left Linchpin (Vassal of Chariot)" 9185msgstr "Eixe Esquerdo (Vasalo de Carro)" 9186 9187#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 9188#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2696 9189msgid "Right Linchpin (Vassal of Chariot)" 9190msgstr "Eixe Dereito (Vasalo de Carro)" 9191 9192#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 9193#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2703 9194msgid "Green Hill" 9195msgstr "Outeiro Verde" 9196 9197#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 9198#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2710 9199msgid "Military Gate" 9200msgstr "Porta Militar" 9201 9202#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 9203#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2724 9204msgid "House for Musical Instruments" 9205msgstr "Casa de Instrumentos Musicais" 9206 9207#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 9208#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2738 9209msgid "Sea and Mountain" 9210msgstr "Mar e Montaña" 9211 9212#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 9213#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2745 9214msgid "Cross" 9215msgstr "Cruz" 9216 9217#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 9218#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2752 9219msgid "Horse's Tail" 9220msgstr "Rabo de Cabalo" 9221 9222#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 9223#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2759 9224msgid "Horse's Abdomen" 9225msgstr "Abdome do Cabalo" 9226 9227#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 9228#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2766 9229msgid "Bee" 9230msgstr "Abella" 9231 9232#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 9233#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2773 9234#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:263 9235#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:139 9236#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:113 9237msgid "Triangle" 9238msgstr "Triángulo" 9239 9240#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 9241#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2780 9242msgid "Exotic Bird" 9243msgstr "Paxaro Exótico" 9244 9245#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 9246#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2787 9247msgid "Peafowl" 9248msgstr "Pavo Real" 9249 9250#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 9251#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2794 9252msgid "Persia" 9253msgstr "Persia" 9254 9255#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 9256#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2801 9257msgid "Snake's Tail" 9258msgstr "Rabo de Serpe" 9259 9260#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 9261#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2808 9262msgid "Snake's Abdomen" 9263msgstr "Abdome de Serpe" 9264 9265#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 9266#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2815 9267msgid "Snake's Head" 9268msgstr "Cabeza de Serpe" 9269 9270#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 9271#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2822 9272msgid "Bird's Beak" 9273msgstr "Peteiro de Paxaro" 9274 9275#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 9276#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2829 9277msgid "Crane" 9278msgstr "Guindastre" 9279 9280#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 9281#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2836 9282msgid "Firebird" 9283msgstr "Paxaro de Lume" 9284 9285#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 9286#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2843 9287msgid "Crooked Running Water" 9288msgstr "Auga Corrente Corrupta" 9289 9290#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 9291#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2850 9292msgid "White Patched Nearby" 9293msgstr "Mancha Branca Próxima" 9294 9295#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 9296#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2857 9297msgid "White Patches Attached" 9298msgstr "Manchas Brancas Ligadas" 9299 9300#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 9301#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2864 9302msgid "Goldfish" 9303msgstr "Peixe Dourado" 9304 9305#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 9306#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2871 9307msgid "Sea Rock" 9308msgstr "Con do Mar" 9309 9310#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 9311#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2878 9312msgid "Flying Fish" 9313msgstr "Peixe Voador" 9314 9315#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 9316#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2885 9317msgid "Southern Boat" 9318msgstr "Barco do Sur" 9319 9320#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 9321#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2892 9322msgid "Little Dipper" 9323msgstr "Pequeno Cullerón" 9324 9325#. type: Content of: <p><p> 9326#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2897 9327msgid "note 1: The Xingguans with \"*\", Was officially deleted in 1752." 9328msgstr "nota 1: Os Xinguans con \"*\", elimináronse oficialmente en 1752." 9329 9330#. type: Content of: <p><p> 9331#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2898 9332msgid "" 9333"note 2: The vassal Xingguan is not a separate Xingguan, but a vassal of the " 9334"parent Xingguan." 9335msgstr "" 9336"nota 2: O Xinguan vasalo non é un Xinguan separado, senón un fillo do " 9337"Xinguan pai." 9338 9339#. type: Content of: <p><h3> 9340#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2901 9341msgid "Deep Space Objects" 9342msgstr "Obxectos do ceo profundo" 9343 9344#. type: Content of: <p><p> 9345#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2904 9346msgid "" 9347"Some deep space objects were also discovered in ancient China, which were " 9348"also included in the Xingguans." 9349msgstr "" 9350"Na China antiga tamén se descubriron algúns obxectos do espazo profundo, que" 9351" foron incluídos nos Xinguans." 9352 9353#. type: Content of: <p><p> 9354#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2905 9355msgid "Include the following:" 9356msgstr "Inclúe o seguinte:" 9357 9358#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 9359#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2909 9360msgid "General name" 9361msgstr "Nome xeral" 9362 9363#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 9364#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2913 9365msgid "Nick name" 9366msgstr "Alias" 9367 9368#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 9369#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2919 9370msgid "God's Palace" 9371msgstr "Palacio dos Deuses" 9372 9373#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 9374#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2920 9375msgid "Northern Jewel Box Cluster" 9376msgstr "Cúmulo da Caixa de Xoias do Norte" 9377 9378#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 9379#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2927 9380msgid "Ptolemy Cluster" 9381msgstr "Cúmulo de Ptolomeu" 9382 9383#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 9384#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2934 9385msgid "Beehive Cluster" 9386msgstr "Cúmulo da Colmea" 9387 9388#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 9389#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2940 9390msgid "Arsenal Added I" 9391msgstr "Arsenal Engadido I" 9392 9393#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 9394#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2941 9395msgid "Omega Centauri" 9396msgstr "Omega Centauri" 9397 9398#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 9399#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2947 9400msgid "Legs Mansion XXI" 9401msgstr "Mansión das Pernas XXI" 9402 9403#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 9404#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2948 9405msgid "Andromeda Galaxy" 9406msgstr "Galaxia de Andrómeda" 9407 9408#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 9409#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2954 9410msgid "Sea and Mountain II" 9411msgstr "Mar e Montaña II" 9412 9413#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 9414#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2955 9415msgid "Homunculus Nebula, Eta Carinae" 9416msgstr "Homunculus Nebula, Eta Carinae" 9417 9418#. type: Content of: <p><p> 9419#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2962 9420msgid "" 9421"This Sky Culture is Based on the information inside <i>Chinese and Western " 9422"Contrast Star Chart and Catalogue 1950.0 (Star Catalogue)</i> (Chinese: " 9423"中西对照恒星图表1950.0(星表分册)) and <i>Complete Studies of Astronomical</i> (Chinese: " 9424"仪象考成)." 9425msgstr "" 9426"Esta cultura do ceo está baseada na información incluída en <i>Gráfico de " 9427"estrelas de contraste chinés e occidental e catálogo de estrelas " 9428"1950.0(Catálogo de estrelas)</i> (Chinés：中西对照恒星图表1950.0(星表分册)) e <i>Estudos " 9429"Completos de Instrumentos Astronómicos</i> (Chinés：仪象考成)." 9430 9431#. type: Content of: <p><p> 9432#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2963 9433msgid "" 9434"Thanks to Liu Chunbin for the collation of the <i>Chinese and Western " 9435"Contrast Star Chart and Catalogue 1950.0 (Star Catalogue)</i>. He produced " 9436"<i>Chinese Star Catalogue for Stellarium</i> (Chinese: Stellarium " 9437"中国星官体系下中文星名扩展包) which is a very important reference." 9438msgstr "" 9439"Grazas a Liu Chunbin pola colaboración do <i>Gráfico de estrelas de " 9440"contraste chinés e occidental e catálogo de estrelas 1950.0(Catálogo de " 9441"estrelas)</i>. El produciu o <i>Catálogo de estrelas chinesas para " 9442"Stellarium</i> (Chinés：Stellarium 中国星官体系下中文星名扩展包) que é unha moi importante " 9443"referencia." 9444 9445#. type: Content of: <p><p> 9446#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2964 9447msgid "" 9448"Some stars have been added according to <i>The History of Stellar " 9449"Observation in China</i> (Chinese: 中国恒星观测史)." 9450msgstr "" 9451"Algunhas estrelas foron engadidas da <i>Historia da Observación de Estrelas " 9452"en China</i> (Chinés：中国恒星观测史)." 9453 9454#. type: Content of: <p><p> 9455#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2965 9456msgid "" 9457"For the translation of constellations, we use the <i>English-Chinese " 9458"Glossary of Chinese Star Regions, Asterisms and Star Names</i> (Chinese: " 9459"中国星区、星官及星名英译表) by Hong Kong Space Museum. Only a small portion of the " 9460"translation is changed, for example, when the translations of the two " 9461"different Xingguans are the same." 9462msgstr "" 9463"Para traducir as constelacións usamos o <i>English-Chinese Glossary of " 9464"Chinese Star Regions, Asterisms and Star Names</i> (Chinés：中国星区、星官及星名英译表) do" 9465" Hong Kong Space Museum. Só se modifica unha pequena parte da tradución, por" 9466" exemplo, cando as traducións de dous xingguans diferentes é a mesma." 9467 9468#. type: Content of: <p><p> 9469#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2966 9470msgid "" 9471"There are seven stars with Chinese star names without corresponding HIP " 9472"numbers, so they cannot be displayed in Stellarium. They are Sea and " 9473"Mountain II (η Car), Five Chariots Added XVIII (12 Aur), Recommending " 9474"Virtuous Man Added VI (39 Vir) , Great Horn Added II (CN Boo), Hairy Head " 9475"Added X (24 Tau), Heart Added VII (18 Oph), South River Added XI (GC 10303)." 9476msgstr "" 9477"Hai sete estrelas con nomes de estrelas chinesas sen os números HIP " 9478"correspondentes, polo que non se poden mostrar en Stellarium. Son Mar e " 9479"Montaña II (η Car), Cinco Carros Engadidos XVIII (12 Aur), Home Virtuoso " 9480"Recomendado Engadido VI (39 Vir), Gran Corno Engadido II (CN Boo), Cabeza " 9481"Peluda Engadida X (24 Tau), Corazón Engadido VII (18 Oph), Río do Sur " 9482"Engadido XI (GC 10303)." 9483 9484#. type: Content of: <p><p><p><p> 9485#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2967 9486msgid "" 9487"The cultural connotations of the name cannot be explained perfectly, because" 9488" thousands of years passed, the connotations behind some names are " 9489"controversial. these are only possible translations. Chinese characters are " 9490"ideographic characters, which leads to some completely different names " 9491"having the same pronunciation. Therefore, the pinyin transliteration is " 9492"provided only to make star names readable." 9493msgstr "" 9494"As connotacións culturais do nome non se poden explicar perfectamente, " 9495"porque pasaron miles de anos, as connotacións que hai tras certos nomes son " 9496"controvertidas. estas só son traducións posibles. Os caracteres chineses son" 9497" caracteres ideográficos, o que leva a que algúns nomes completamente " 9498"diferentes teñan a mesma pronuncia. Polo tanto, a transliteración en pinyin " 9499"só se proporciona para que os nomes das estrelas sexan lexibles." 9500 9501#. type: Content of: <p><p><p><p><p><ul><li> 9502#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2972 9503msgid "" 9504"<a " 9505"href=\"http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Space/en_US/web/spm/starshine/resources/constemyth/glossary.html\">English-" 9506"Chinese Glossary of Chinese Star Regions, Asterisms and Star Names</a>" 9507msgstr "" 9508"<a " 9509"href=\"http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Space/en_US/web/spm/starshine/resources/constemyth/glossary.html\">English-" 9510"Chinese Glossary of Chinese Star Regions, Asterisms and Star Names</a>" 9511 9512#. type: Content of: <p><p><p><p><p><ul><li> 9513#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2973 9514msgid "" 9515"<a href=\"http://aeea.nmns.edu.tw/aeea/contents_list/star_sign.html\">AEEA " 9516"Astronomy Education Information-Ancient Chinese constellation system </a>" 9517msgstr "" 9518"<a href=\"http://aeea.nmns.edu.tw/aeea/contents_list/star_sign.html\">AEEA " 9519"Astronomy Education Information-Ancient Chinese constellation system </a>" 9520 9521#. type: Content of: <p><p><p><p><p><ul><li> 9522#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2974 9523msgid "" 9524"<a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_constellations\">Chinese " 9525"constellations (Wikipedia)</a>" 9526msgstr "" 9527"<a " 9528"href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_constellations\">Constelacións " 9529"chinesas (Wikipedia)</a>" 9530 9531#. type: Content of: <p><p><p><p><p><ul><li> 9532#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2975 9533msgid "" 9534"<a " 9535"href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_star_names\">Traditional" 9536" Chinese star names (Wikipedia)</a>" 9537msgstr "" 9538"<a " 9539"href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_star_names\">Nomes " 9540"de estrelas tradicionais chinesas (Wikipedia)</a>" 9541 9542#. type: Content of: <p><p><p><p><p><ul><li> 9543#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2976 9544msgid "" 9545"<a " 9546"href=\"http://www.chinapage.com/astronomy/astronomy.html\">http://www.chinapage.com/astronomy/astronomy.html</a>" 9547msgstr "" 9548"<a " 9549"href=\"http://www.chinapage.com/astronomy/astronomy.html\">http://www.chinapage.com/astronomy/astronomy.html</a>" 9550 9551#. a 9552#. href="http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Space/en_US/web/spm/starshine/interactive- 9553#. star-maps.html" 9554#. /a 9555#. type: Content of: <p><p><p><p><p><p> 9556#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2982 9557msgid "" 9558"This sky culture was initially contributed by <i>Karrie Berglund</i> of " 9559"Digitalis Education Solutions, Inc. based on Hong Kong Space Museum star " 9560"maps (no longer available online)." 9561msgstr "" 9562"Esta cultura do ceo foi contribuída inicialmente por Karrie Berglund de " 9563"Digitalis Education Solutions, Inc. baseada en mapas estrela do Museo do " 9564"Espazo de Hong Kong (xa non está dispoñible en liña)." 9565 9566#. type: Content of: <p><p><p><p><p><p> 9567#: ../../skycultures/chinese/description.en.utf8:2983 9568msgid "" 9569"Sun Shuwei <a " 9570"href=\"mailto:sunshuwei.hi@foxmail.com\">sunshuwei.hi@foxmail.com</a> " 9571"replenishes more than 200 Xingguans and more than 3,000 stars, based " 9572"primarily on the book<i>Chinese and Western Contrast Star Chart and " 9573"Catalogue 1950.0</i> by Yi Shitong, and add the description." 9574msgstr "" 9575"Sun Shuwei <a " 9576"href=\"mailto:sunshuwei.hi@foxmail.com\">sunshuwei.hi@foxmail.com</a> repón " 9577"máis de 200 Xinguans e máis de 3,000 estrelas, baseándose principalmente no " 9578"libro <i>Gráfico de estrelas de contraste chinés e occidental e catálogo de " 9579"estrelas 1950.0</i> de Yi Shitong, e engade a descrición." 9580 9581#. type: Content of: <h2> 9582#: ../../skycultures/chinese_contemporary/description.en.utf8:1 9583msgid "Chinese Contemporary" 9584msgstr "Chinés contemporáneo" 9585 9586#. type: Content of: <p> 9587#: ../../skycultures/chinese_contemporary/description.en.utf8:3 9588msgid "" 9589"The Chinese Contemporary Skyculture is a combination of Chinese traditions " 9590"and Western constellations. The Chinese use combinations of Western " 9591"constellations and Chinese star names in astronomy. This is the skyculture " 9592"that the Chinese actually use now, with a great practical value." 9593msgstr "" 9594"A cultura do ceo chinesa contemporánea é unha combinación de tradicións " 9595"chinesas e constelacións occidentais. Os chineses usan combinacións de " 9596"constelacións occidentais e nomes de estrelas chinesas en astronomía. Esta é" 9597" cultura que os chinos utilizan na actualidade, cun gran valor práctico." 9598 9599#. type: Content of: <p> 9600#: ../../skycultures/chinese_contemporary/description.en.utf8:7 9601msgid "" 9602"The contemporary Chinese use the constellations of the International " 9603"Astronomical Union. The traditional Chinese constellations have no specific " 9604"boundaries between them. They only represent the corresponding set of bright" 9605" stars, and do not have the role of dividing the celestial sphere into " 9606"different areas, so they are no longer applicable in astronomy." 9607msgstr "" 9608"Os chineses contemporáneos usan as constelacións da Unión Astronómica " 9609"Internacional. As constelacións tradicionais chinesas non teñen límites " 9610"específicos entre elas. Só representan o correspondente conxunto de estrelas" 9611" brillantes e non teñen o papel de dividir a esfera celeste en diferentes " 9612"áreas, polo que xa non son aplicables en astronomía." 9613 9614#. type: Content of: <h3> 9615#: ../../skycultures/chinese_contemporary/description.en.utf8:9 9616msgid "star names" 9617msgstr "Nomes de estrelas" 9618 9619#. type: Content of: <p> 9620#: ../../skycultures/chinese_contemporary/description.en.utf8:11 9621msgid "" 9622"The Chinese now use traditional star names instead of Western star names. " 9623"More than 3,000 stars have traditional Chinese star names. When a foreign " 9624"astronomical book is translated into Chinese, the star names will also be " 9625"translated into traditional Chinese star names. There are some special stars" 9626" that use the names of Western stars, such as Proxima, Van Maanen's star, " 9627"which can usually only be seen with a telescope, but with special " 9628"astronomical significance." 9629msgstr "" 9630"Os chineses empregan agora nomes estelais tradicionais en vez de nomes de " 9631"estrelas occidentais. Máis de 3.000 estrelas teñen nome de estrelas " 9632"tradicionais chinesas. Cando un libro astronómico estranxeiro é traducido ó " 9633"chinés, os nomes de estrelas tamén se traducen a nomes de estrelas " 9634"tradicionais chinesas. Hai algunhas estrelas especiais que usan os nomes das" 9635" estrelas occidentais, como Proxima, a estrela de Van Maanen, que " 9636"normalmente só se pode ver cun telescopio, pero con especial significación " 9637"astronómica." 9638 9639#. type: Content of: <p> 9640#: ../../skycultures/chinese_contemporary/description.en.utf8:12 9641msgid "" 9642"For a detailed introduction to traditional Chinese constellations and " 9643"traditional Chinese names, see <i>Chinese traditional Skyculture for " 9644"Stellarium</i>." 9645msgstr "" 9646"Para unha detallada introdución ás constelación tradicionais chinesas e ós " 9647"nomes chineses, ver <i>Cultura do ceo chinesa tradicional para " 9648"Stellarium</i>." 9649 9650#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 9651#: ../../skycultures/chinese_contemporary/description.en.utf8:17 9652msgid "" 9653"<a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_constellations\">Chinese " 9654"constellations </a> Wikipedia" 9655msgstr "" 9656"<a " 9657"href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_constellations\">Constelacións " 9658"chinesas </a> Wikipedia" 9659 9660#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 9661#: ../../skycultures/chinese_contemporary/description.en.utf8:18 9662msgid "" 9663"<a " 9664"href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_star_names\">traditional" 9665" Chinese star names</a> Wikipedia" 9666msgstr "" 9667"<a " 9668"href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_star_names\">Nomes " 9669"de estrelas chinesas tradicionais </a> Wikipedia" 9670 9671#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 9672#: ../../skycultures/chinese_contemporary/description.en.utf8:19 9673msgid "" 9674"<a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constellation\">constellations</a> " 9675"Wikipedia" 9676msgstr "" 9677"<a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constellation\">constelacións</a> " 9678"Wikipedia" 9679 9680#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 9681#: ../../skycultures/chinese_contemporary/description.en.utf8:20 9682msgid "" 9683"<a " 9684"href=\"http://hubblesource.stsci.edu/sources/illustrations/constellations/\">Constellation" 9685" image library</a> of the U.S. Naval Observatory and the Space Telescope " 9686"Science Institute. Johannes Hevelius Engravings." 9687msgstr "" 9688"<a " 9689"href=\"http://hubblesource.stsci.edu/sources/illustrations/constellations/\">Constellation" 9690" image library</a> of the U.S. Naval Observatory and the Space Telescope " 9691"Science Institute. Johannes Hevelius Engravings." 9692 9693#. type: Content of: <p> 9694#: ../../skycultures/chinese_contemporary/description.en.utf8:25 9695msgid "" 9696"This skyculture was contributed by Stellarium user <i>Sun Shuwei</i> <a " 9697"href=\"mailto:sunshuwei.hi@foxmail.com\">sunshuwei.hi@foxmail.com</a>." 9698msgstr "" 9699"A esta cultura do ceo para Stellarium contribuíu <i>Sun Shuwei</i> <a " 9700"href=\"mailto:sunshuwei.hi@foxmail.com\">sunshuwei.hi@foxmail.com</a>." 9701 9702#. type: Content of: <p> 9703#: ../../skycultures/chinese_contemporary/description.en.utf8:26 9704msgid "" 9705"Constellation art，Constellation lines based on <i>Western Skyculture for " 9706"Stellarium</i>." 9707msgstr "" 9708"A arte das constelacións, liñas de constelacións baseadas en <i>Cultura do " 9709"ceo occidental para Stellarium</i>." 9710 9711#. type: Content of: <p> 9712#: ../../skycultures/chinese_contemporary/description.en.utf8:27 9713msgid "" 9714"asterism lines and traditional Chinese star names based on <i>Chinese " 9715"Traditional Skyculture for Stellarium</i>." 9716msgstr "" 9717"liñas de asterismos e nomes de estrelas tradicionais chineses baséanse en " 9718"<i>Cultura do ceo tradicional chinesa para Stellarium</i>." 9719 9720#. type: Content of: <h2> 9721#: ../../skycultures/chinese_medieval/description.en.utf8:1 9722msgid "Chinese Medieval" 9723msgstr "Chinés medieval" 9724 9725#. type: Content of: <p> 9726#: ../../skycultures/chinese_medieval/description.en.utf8:3 9727msgid "" 9728"This sky culture is based on the observation data of Huangyou four years " 9729"(1052 AD), and presents the medieval Chinese sky map as faithfully as " 9730"possible. This sky culture includes 283 Xingguans (星官, Chinese " 9731"Constellations) and 1464 stars (including clusters M7, M44) of the " 9732"<i>Xinyixiangfayao Star Map</i>. And the determinative star is marked for " 9733"each Xingguan that can determine the determinative star. The boundaries of " 9734"Twenty-eight Lunar Mansions are based on 1052 AD." 9735msgstr "" 9736"Esta cultura do ceo baséase nos datos de observación de Huangyou en catro " 9737"anos (1052 AD) e presenta o mapa do ceo medieval chinés o máis fielmente " 9738"posible. Esta cultura do ceo inclúe 283 xingguans (星 官, constelacións " 9739"chinesas) e 1464 estrelas (incluídos os cúmulos M7, M44) do <i>Mapa de " 9740"Estrelas de Xinyixiangfayao</i>. E a estrela determinativa está marcada para" 9741" cada Xingguan, o que pode determinar a estrela determinativa. Os límites " 9742"das Vinte e oito mansións lunares baséanse no 1052 d.C." 9743 9744#. type: Content of: <h3> 9745#: ../../skycultures/chinese_medieval/description.en.utf8:5 9746msgid "Medieval Xingguans" 9747msgstr "Xingguans Medievais" 9748 9749#. type: Content of: <p> 9750#: ../../skycultures/chinese_medieval/description.en.utf8:6 9751msgid "" 9752"From the Three Kingdoms Period to the Ming Dynasty, covering the whole of " 9753"the Middle Ages, China's star map is similar." 9754msgstr "" 9755"Dende o período dos tres reinos ata a dinastía Ming, que abarca toda a Idade" 9756" Media, o mapa das estrelas de China é similar." 9757 9758#. type: Content of: <p> 9759#: ../../skycultures/chinese_medieval/description.en.utf8:7 9760msgid "" 9761"The Xingguans originated in ancient times. Wuxian (巫咸) of Shang Dynasty(16th" 9762" century BC-1046 BC), Gan De (甘德) and Shi Shen (石申) of The Warring States " 9763"Period (475–221 BC), created their own Xingguan system respectively. During " 9764"the Three Kingdoms period (220–280 AD), Chen Zhuo (陈卓) summarized the " 9765"Xingguans system of Gan De, Shi Shen and Wuxian, including 283 Xingguans and" 9766" 1464 stars. Since then, Xingguan system has been basically defined, and " 9767"after a thousand years, there has not been much change. Since the 17th " 9768"century, Western astronomy has had an impact on Chinese astronomy, and the " 9769"shape and number of Xingguans have changed significantly. Only about half of" 9770" the constellations maintained the medieval style." 9771msgstr "" 9772"Os xingguans orixináronse na antigüidade. Wuxian (巫咸) da dinastía Shang " 9773"(século XVI a.C.-1046 a.C.), Gan De (甘德) e Shi Shen (石 Período) do período " 9774"dos Estados en Guerra (475-221 a. C.), crearon o seu propio sistema Xingguan" 9775" respectivamente. Durante o período dos Tres Reinos (220-280 dC), Chen Zhuo " 9776"(陈卓) resumiu o sistema xingguan de Gan De, Shi Shen e Wuxian, incluíndo 283 " 9777"xingguans e 1464 estrelas. Desde entón, o sistema Xingguan quedou " 9778"basicamente definido e despois de mil anos non se produciron moitos cambios." 9779" Dende o século XVII a astronomía occidental tivo un impacto na astronomía " 9780"chinesa, e a forma e o número de xingguans cambiaron significativamente. Só " 9781"preto da metade das constelacións mantiveron o estilo medieval." 9782 9783#. type: Content of: <p> 9784#: ../../skycultures/chinese_medieval/description.en.utf8:8 9785msgid "" 9786"Determinative star is an important concept. In the Middle Ages, Chinese " 9787"astronomers did not name all stars, and each Xingguans was chosen as a major" 9788" star called determinative star. In ancient China, astronomical measurements" 9789" measured its coordinate position, and other stars in the Xingguan were " 9790"rarely mentioned. However, some important constellations will be selected " 9791"more stars for observation and recording. In ancient China, astronomers used" 9792" mansion distance degrees (determinative star distance) and polar distance " 9793"degrees to record the position of stars. <b>In ancient China, the " 9794"determinative stars of Twenty-eight Lunar Mansions was the benchmark for " 9795"determining the longitude of the equatorial coordinate system</b>." 9796msgstr "" 9797"A estrela determinativa é un concepto importante. Na Idade Media os " 9798"astrónomos chineses non nomearon todas as estrelas, e en cada Xingguan foi " 9799"elixida unha estrela principal chamada estrela determinativa. Na China " 9800"antiga as medidas astronómicas mediron a súa posición de coordenadas e " 9801"raramente se mencionaron outras estrelas no Xingguan. Non obstante, " 9802"nalgunhas constelacións importantes seleccionáronse máis estrelas para a súa" 9803" observación e rexistro. Na antiga China os astrónomos empregaron os graos " 9804"de aloxamento lunar (distancia da estrela determinativa) e os graos da " 9805"distancia polar para rexistrar a posición das estrelas. <b>Na China antiga " 9806"as estrelas determinativas das Vinte e oito mansións lunares foron o " 9807"referente para determinar a lonxitude do sistema de coordenadas " 9808"ecuatorial.</b>." 9809 9810#. type: Content of: <p> 9811#: ../../skycultures/chinese_medieval/description.en.utf8:9 9812msgid "" 9813"The <i>Song of the Sky Pacers</i> (步天歌) is an early Chinese star catalogue " 9814"in the form of poem in heptasyllabic verse, enumerating the names of stars." 9815msgstr "" 9816"A <i>Canción dos ceos </i> (步天歌) é un catálogo de estrelas chinés en forma " 9817"de poema en verso heptasílabo, que enumera os nomes das estrelas." 9818 9819#. type: Content of: <p> 9820#: ../../skycultures/chinese_medieval/description.en.utf8:11 9821msgid "" 9822"Below is <i>Xinyixiangfayao Star Map</i> from Su Song(苏颂, 1020-1101 AD)." 9823msgstr "" 9824"A continuación móstrase o <i>Mapa de estrelas de Xinyixiangfayao</i> de Su " 9825"Song(苏颂, 1020-1101 AD)." 9826 9827#. type: Content of: <p> 9828#: ../../skycultures/chinese_medieval/description.en.utf8:12 9829msgid "<em>Xinyixiangfayao Star Map(1088 AD)</em>" 9830msgstr "<em>Mapa de estrelas de Xinyixiangfayao(1088 AD)</em>" 9831 9832#. type: Content of: <h3> 9833#: ../../skycultures/chinese_medieval/description.en.utf8:14 9834msgid "Restore Sky Map" 9835msgstr "Restaurar Mapa do Ceo" 9836 9837#. type: Content of: <p> 9838#: ../../skycultures/chinese_medieval/description.en.utf8:15 9839msgid "" 9840"The sky map of the Song dynasty is typical of the Chinese medieval sky map. " 9841"In 1052 AD, the Song Dynasty official conducted accurate stellar " 9842"measurements, leaving a lot of data." 9843msgstr "" 9844"O mapa do ceo da dinastía Song é o típico do mapa medieval do ceo chinés. No" 9845" 1052 d.C, o funcionario da Dinastía Song realizou medicións estelares " 9846"precisas, deixando moitos datos." 9847 9848#. type: Content of: <p> 9849#: ../../skycultures/chinese_medieval/description.en.utf8:16 9850msgid "" 9851"Pan Nai(潘鼐) collated these astronomical observations data and based on the " 9852"<i>Xinyixiangfayao Star Map</i>, he restored most of the Song Dynasty's " 9853"Xingguan in his masterpiece <i>The History of Stellar Observation in " 9854"China</i>, which is the most important reference book. Qi Rui (齐锐) and Wan " 9855"Haoyi (万昊宜) also restored the Xingguans of the Song Dynasty in the book " 9856"<i>Roving China Heavens</i>, which is also an important reference book." 9857msgstr "" 9858"Pan Nai(潘鼐) engadiu estes datos de observacións astronómicas e baseouse no " 9859"<i>Mapa de estrelas de Xinyixiangfayao </i>, restaurou a maior parte dos " 9860"Xingguans da dinastía Song na súa obra mestra <i>A Historia da Observación " 9861"Estelar en China </i>, que é o libro de referencia máis importante. Qi Rui " 9862"(齐锐) e Wan Haoyi (万昊宜) tamén restauraron os Xingguans da dinastía Song no " 9863"libro <i>Ceos de China </i>, que tamén un importante libro de referencia." 9864 9865#. type: Content of: <p> 9866#: ../../skycultures/chinese_medieval/description.en.utf8:17 9867msgid "" 9868"Due to the limitation of observation conditions in Song Dynasty, combined " 9869"with instruments, circulated errors and other reasons, different scholars " 9870"restored the sky map is somewhat different." 9871msgstr "" 9872"Debido á limitación das condicións de observación na dinastía Song, " 9873"combinada con instrumentos, erros nos círculos e outras razóns, diferentes " 9874"estudosos restauraron o mapa do ceo." 9875 9876#. type: Content of: <p> 9877#: ../../skycultures/chinese_medieval/description.en.utf8:18 9878msgid "" 9879"Based on these books, Stellarium can almost truly present the Chinese " 9880"medieval sky map of Huangyou four years (1052 AD)." 9881msgstr "" 9882"Con base nestes libros, Stellarium pode presentar realmente o mapa do ceo " 9883"medieval chinés de catro anos de Huangyou (1052 AD)." 9884 9885#. type: Content of: <p> 9886#: ../../skycultures/chinese_medieval/description.en.utf8:21 9887msgid "" 9888"Taiyang (太阳), Sun. The name comes from yin and yang, meaning a lot of yang," 9889msgstr "" 9890"Taiyang (太阳), Sol. O nome vén de yin e yang, que significa unha morea de " 9891"yang," 9892 9893#. type: Content of: <p><p> 9894#: ../../skycultures/chinese_medieval/description.en.utf8:22 9895msgid "" 9896"Taiyin (太阴), Moon. The name comes from yin and yang, meaning a lot of Yin," 9897msgstr "" 9898"Taiyin (太阴), Lúa. O nome provén de yin and yang, que significa unha morea de" 9899" Yin," 9900 9901#. type: Content of: <p><p><p> 9902#: ../../skycultures/chinese_medieval/description.en.utf8:23 9903msgid "" 9904"Chen Star (辰星), Mercury. Chen is an angle unit, which refers to about 30 " 9905"degrees. Mercury is always within 30 degrees of the sun." 9906msgstr "" 9907"Chen Star (辰星), Mercurio. Chené unha unidade angular que se refire máis ou " 9908"menos a 30 graos. Mercurio está tamén a 30 graos do Sol." 9909 9910#. type: Content of: <p><p><p> 9911#: ../../skycultures/chinese_medieval/description.en.utf8:24 9912msgid "Taibai (太白), Venus. Taibai means big and white." 9913msgstr "Taibai (太白), Venus. Taibai significa grande e branco." 9914 9915#. type: Content of: <p><p><p> 9916#: ../../skycultures/chinese_medieval/description.en.utf8:25 9917msgid "" 9918"Yinghuo (荧惑), Mars. The colors of Mars are like fire, and movement is " 9919"confusing." 9920msgstr "" 9921"Yinghuo (荧惑), Marte. As cores de Marte son coma o lume, e o seu movemento " 9922"confuso." 9923 9924#. type: Content of: <p><p><p> 9925#: ../../skycultures/chinese_medieval/description.en.utf8:26 9926msgid "" 9927"Sui Star (岁星), Jupiter. It means the old star. Jupiter travels around the " 9928"celestial sphere for a week every 12 years. The ancients took Jupiter's " 9929"position as the standard of the chronology." 9930msgstr "" 9931"Estrela Sui (岁星), Xúpiter. Significa a vella estrela. Xúpiter viaxa arredor " 9932"da esfera celeste durante unha semana cada 12 anos. Os antigos tomaron a " 9933"posición de Xúpiter como estándar da cronoloxía." 9934 9935#. type: Content of: <p><p><p> 9936#: ../../skycultures/chinese_medieval/description.en.utf8:27 9937msgid "" 9938"Zhen Star (填星), Saturn. Zhen, means passing Lunar Mansions. Saturn travels " 9939"around the celestial sphere about every 28 years. Saturn will pass through a" 9940" Lunar Mansion every year." 9941msgstr "" 9942"Estrela Zhen (填星), Saturno. Zhen significa pasar mansións lunares. Saturno " 9943"viaxa arredor da esfera celeste aproximadamente cada 28 anos. Saturno pasará" 9944" por unha mansión lunar cada ano." 9945 9946#. type: Content of: <p><p><ul><li> 9947#: ../../skycultures/chinese_medieval/description.en.utf8:31 9948msgid "<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Su_Song\">wikipedia - Su Song</a>" 9949msgstr "<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Su_Song\">wikipedia - Su Song</a>" 9950 9951#. type: Content of: <p><p><ul><li> 9952#: ../../skycultures/chinese_medieval/description.en.utf8:32 9953msgid "<a href=\"http://chinesenotes.com/songshi.html\">History of Song</a>" 9954msgstr "<a href=\"http://chinesenotes.com/songshi.html\">Histooria de Song</a>" 9955 9956#. type: Content of: <p><p><ul><li> 9957#: ../../skycultures/chinese_medieval/description.en.utf8:33 9958msgid "" 9959"<a href=\"http://chinesenotes.com/shiji.html\">Records of the Grand " 9960"Historian</a>" 9961msgstr "" 9962"<a href=\"http://chinesenotes.com/shiji.html\">Records of the Grand " 9963"Historian</a>" 9964 9965#. type: Content of: <p><p><ul><li> 9966#: ../../skycultures/chinese_medieval/description.en.utf8:34 9967msgid "" 9968"<a " 9969"href=\"https://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Space/archive/Research/Literature/c_research_literature_9.htm\">(Chinese)" 9970" Song of the Sky Pacers</a>" 9971msgstr "" 9972"<a " 9973"href=\"https://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Space/archive/Research/Literature/c_research_literature_9.htm\">(Chinés)" 9974" Canción do líder do ceo</a>" 9975 9976#. type: Content of: <p><p><ul><li> 9977#: ../../skycultures/chinese_medieval/description.en.utf8:35 9978msgid "" 9979"<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Song_of_the_Sky_Pacers\">wikipedia -" 9980" Song of the Sky Pacers</a>" 9981msgstr "" 9982"<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Song_of_the_Sky_Pacers\">wikipedia -" 9983" Canción do líder do ceo</a>" 9984 9985#. type: Content of: <p><p><ul><li> 9986#: ../../skycultures/chinese_medieval/description.en.utf8:36 9987msgid "" 9988"<a href=\"http://wwt.china-vo.org/why/chineseheaven.htm\">(Chinese) Chinese " 9989"Heaven in WWT Community Beijing</a>" 9990msgstr "" 9991"<a href=\"http://wwt.china-vo.org/why/chineseheaven.htm\">(Chinese) Ceo " 9992"Chinés en WWT Community Beijing</a>" 9993 9994#. type: Content of: <p><p><ul><h3> 9995#: ../../skycultures/chinese_medieval/description.en.utf8:38 9996msgid "Reference" 9997msgstr "Referencia" 9998 9999#. type: Content of: <p><p><ul><ol><li> 10000#: ../../skycultures/chinese_medieval/description.en.utf8:40 10001msgid "Pan Nai. The History of Stellar Observation in China" 10002msgstr "Pan Nai. The History of Stellar Observation in China" 10003 10004#. type: Content of: <p><p><ul><ol><li> 10005#: ../../skycultures/chinese_medieval/description.en.utf8:41 10006msgid "Qi Rui and Wan Haoyi. Roving China Heavens" 10007msgstr "Qi Rui and Wan Haoyi. Roving China Heavens" 10008 10009#. type: Content of: <p><p><ul><ol><li> 10010#: ../../skycultures/chinese_medieval/description.en.utf8:42 10011msgid "Su Song. <i>Xinyixiangfayao Star Map</i>" 10012msgstr "Su Song. <i>Mapa de estrelas de Xinyixiangfayao</i>" 10013 10014#. type: Content of: <p><p><ul><ol><li> 10015#: ../../skycultures/chinese_medieval/description.en.utf8:43 10016msgid "<i>Records of the Grand Historian</i>" 10017msgstr "<i>Records of the Grand Historian</i>" 10018 10019#. type: Content of: <p><p><ul><ol><li> 10020#: ../../skycultures/chinese_medieval/description.en.utf8:44 10021msgid "<i>Book of Sui</i>" 10022msgstr "<i>Libro de Sui</i>" 10023 10024#. type: Content of: <p><p><ul><ol><li> 10025#: ../../skycultures/chinese_medieval/description.en.utf8:45 10026msgid "<i>History of Song</i>" 10027msgstr "<i>Historia de Song</i>" 10028 10029#. type: Content of: <p><p><ul><p><p> 10030#: ../../skycultures/chinese_medieval/description.en.utf8:49 10031msgid "" 10032"This sky culture was contributed by Stellarium user <i>Sun Shuwei</i> (孙殳玮) " 10033". <a href=\"mailto:sunshuwei.hi@foxmail.com\">sunshuwei.hi@foxmail.com</a>" 10034msgstr "" 10035"A esta cultura do ceo para Stellarium contribuíu <i>Sun Shuwei</i> (孙殳玮) . " 10036"<a href=\"mailto:sunshuwei.hi@foxmail.com\">sunshuwei.hi@foxmail.com</a>" 10037 10038#. type: Content of: <h2> 10039#: ../../skycultures/dakota/description.en.utf8:1 10040msgid "Dakota" 10041msgstr "Dakota" 10042 10043#. type: Content of: <p> 10044#: ../../skycultures/dakota/description.en.utf8:2 10045msgid "" 10046"Dakota, Lakota and Nakota are one of the groups of indigenous people of " 10047"north-central United States and Canada. Known as the Oceti Sakowin – " 10048"Seven (Council) Fires. This council of seven consists of: four Dakota bands," 10049" two Nakota bands and one Lakota band, where D/N/L are dialectic " 10050"distinctions. Well known for following the buffalo. The word D(N/L)akota " 10051"means \"Alliance\". Also known as Sioux or the Sioux Nation. The D(L)akota" 10052" Star Knowledge files available for Stellarium are an adaptation of the " 10053"<b><i>“Makoce Wicanhpi Wowapi, D(L)akota Star Map”</i></b>, created by A. " 10054"Lee, J. Rock, 2012. More details can be found in the constellation " 10055"guidebook <b><i>D(L)akota Star Map Constellation Guide: An Introduction to " 10056"D(L)akota Star Knowledge</i></b>. Also available are D(L)akota star map " 10057"posters, D(L)akota planispheres, curriculum, and other resources." 10058msgstr "" 10059"Dakota, Lakota e Nakota son un dos grupos de indíxenas do norte-centro dos " 10060"Estados Unidos e Canadá. Coñecidos como os Oceti Sakowin – Seven " 10061"(Council) Fires. Este concello de sete está composto por: catro bandas " 10062"Dakota, dúas bandas Nakota e unha banda Lakota, onde D / N / L son " 10063"distincións dialécticas. Ben coñecido por seguir co búfalo. A palabra " 10064"D(N/L)akota significa \"Alianza\". Tamén se coñecen como Sioux ou a Nación " 10065"Sioux. Os arquivos de coñecemento de estrelas dos D(L)akota dispoñibles en " 10066"Stellarium son unha adaptación do <b><i>“Makoce Wicanhpi Wowapi, D(L)akota " 10067"Star Map”</i></b>, creado por A. Lee, J. Rock, 2012. Pódense atopar máis " 10068"detalles no libro guía de constelacións <b><i>D(L)akota Star Map " 10069"Constellation Guide: An Introduction to D(L)akota Star Knowledge</i></b>. " 10070"Tamén están dispoñibles pósters de mapas de estrelas D(L)akota, planisferios" 10071" D(L)akota, curriculum, e outras fontes." 10072 10073#. type: Content of: <h3> 10074#: ../../skycultures/dakota/description.en.utf8:12 10075#: ../../skycultures/ojibwe/description.en.utf8:5 10076msgid "Celestial Objects" 10077msgstr "Obxectos celestes" 10078 10079#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 10080#: ../../skycultures/dakota/description.en.utf8:14 10081msgid "<i>Nape</i>, Hand, lower Orion & β Eridanus" 10082msgstr "<i>Nape</i>, Man, lower Orion & β Eridanus" 10083 10084#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 10085#: ../../skycultures/dakota/description.en.utf8:15 10086msgid "<i>Mato Tipi/Tipila</i>, Bear's Lodge, Gemini" 10087msgstr "<i>Mato Tipi/Tipila</i>, Gorida do oso, Gemini" 10088 10089#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 10090#: ../../skycultures/dakota/description.en.utf8:16 10091msgid "<i>Ki Inyanka Ocanku</i>, Racetrack, Winter Circle & Pleiades" 10092msgstr "<i>Ki Inyanka Ocanku</i>, Hipódromo, Círculo de inverno e Pléiades" 10093 10094#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 10095#: ../../skycultures/dakota/description.en.utf8:17 10096msgid "<i>Çan Hd/Gleska Wakan</i>, Sacred hoop, Winter Circle & Pleiades" 10097msgstr "" 10098"<i>Çan Hd/Gleska Wakan</i>, Aro sagrado, Círculo de inverno e Pléaides" 10099 10100#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 10101#: ../../skycultures/dakota/description.en.utf8:18 10102msgid "<i>Inipi/Initipi</i>, Sweat lodge, Winter Circle & Pleiades" 10103msgstr "<i>Inipi/Initipi</i>, Doce fogar, Círculo de inverno e Pléaides" 10104 10105#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 10106#: ../../skycultures/dakota/description.en.utf8:19 10107msgid "<i>Tayamni</i>, Buffalo (three parts of), Orion, Canis Major, Pleiades" 10108msgstr "<i>Tayamni</i>, Búfalo (tres partes de), Orion, Canis Major, Pleiades" 10109 10110#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 10111#: ../../skycultures/dakota/description.en.utf8:20 10112msgid "<i>Zuzeca/Zuzuheça</i>, Snake, Columbia, Puppis, Canis Major" 10113msgstr "<i>Zuzeca/Zuzuheça</i>, Serpe, Columbia, Puppis, Canis Major" 10114 10115#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 10116#: ../../skycultures/dakota/description.en.utf8:21 10117msgid "" 10118"<i>To Win/Tun Win</i>, Blue Woman/Birth Woman, Big Dipper – inside " 10119"Bowl" 10120msgstr "" 10121"<i>To Win/Tun Win</i>, Muller Azul / Muller nacida, Cullerón dentro da cunca" 10122 10123#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 10124#: ../../skycultures/dakota/description.en.utf8:22 10125msgid "<i>Madoo'asinik</i>, Sweating Stones, Pleiades" 10126msgstr "<i>Madoo'asinik</i>, Pedras suorosas, Pleiades" 10127 10128#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 10129#: ../../skycultures/dakota/description.en.utf8:23 10130msgid "<i>Wiçakiyuhapi </i>, Stretcher, Big Dipper – Bowl stars" 10131msgstr "<i>Wiçakiyuhapi </i>, Padiola, Cullerón dentro da cunca" 10132 10133#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 10134#: ../../skycultures/dakota/description.en.utf8:24 10135msgid "<i>Wasihdapi/Wasiglapi</i>, Mourners, Big Dipper – Handle stars" 10136msgstr "<i>Wasihdapi/Wasiglapi</i>, Choronas, Gran cullerón" 10137 10138#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 10139#: ../../skycultures/dakota/description.en.utf8:25 10140msgid "<i>Manka/Maka</i>, Skunk, Big Dipper" 10141msgstr "<i>Manka/Maka</i>, Mofeta, Gran Cullerón" 10142 10143#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 10144#: ../../skycultures/dakota/description.en.utf8:26 10145msgid "<i>Wicakiyuhapi/Can cinkska</i>, the dipper/wooden spoon, Big Dipper" 10146msgstr "" 10147"<i>Wicakiyuhapi/Can cinkska</i>, o cullerón/culler de madeira, Gran Cullerón" 10148 10149#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 10150#: ../../skycultures/dakota/description.en.utf8:27 10151msgid "<i>Oceti Sakowin </i>, Seven sacred rites/council fires, Big Dipper" 10152msgstr "" 10153"<i>Oceti Sakowin </i>, Sete ritos sagrados/lumes do concello, Gran Cullerón" 10154 10155#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 10156#: ../../skycultures/dakota/description.en.utf8:28 10157msgid "" 10158"<i>Wiçanhpi waziyata/Wiçanhpi Owanjila (Star which stands in one place)</i>," 10159" North star, Polaris" 10160msgstr "" 10161"<i>Wiçanhpi waziyata/Wiçanhpi Owanjila (Estrela que está no mesmo " 10162"lugar)</i>, Estrela do norte, Polar" 10163 10164#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 10165#: ../../skycultures/dakota/description.en.utf8:29 10166msgid "<i>Wakinyan</i>, Thunderbird, Draco, Ursa Minor" 10167msgstr "<i>Wakinyan</i>, Thunderbird, Draco, Ursa Minor" 10168 10169#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 10170#: ../../skycultures/dakota/description.en.utf8:30 10171msgid "<i>Keya</i>, Turtle, Pegasus" 10172msgstr "<i>Keya</i>, Tartaruga, Pegaso" 10173 10174#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 10175#: ../../skycultures/dakota/description.en.utf8:31 10176msgid "" 10177"<i>Cansasa Pusyapi/Ipusye</i>,Dried Red Willow (Red-Osier Dogwood – " 10178"Cornus stolonifera)Aries, Triangulum" 10179msgstr "" 10180"<i>Cansasa Pusyapi/Ipusye</i>, Salgueiro vermello seco, Aries, Triangulum" 10181 10182#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 10183#: ../../skycultures/dakota/description.en.utf8:32 10184msgid "<i>Hehaka/Upan</i>, Elk, Pisces" 10185msgstr "<i>Hehaka/Upan</i>, Alce, Pisces" 10186 10187#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 10188#: ../../skycultures/dakota/description.en.utf8:33 10189msgid "<i>Wiçinyanna Sakowin/Wiçincala Sakowin</i>, Seven Girls, Pleiades" 10190msgstr "<i>Wiçinyanna Sakowin/Wiçincala Sakowin</i>, Sete Raparigas, Pleiades" 10191 10192#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 10193#: ../../skycultures/dakota/description.en.utf8:34 10194msgid "<i>Ahdeska/Agleska</i>, Salamander, Cygnus" 10195msgstr "<i>Ahdeska/Agleska</i>, Salamandra, Cisne" 10196 10197#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 10198#: ../../skycultures/dakota/description.en.utf8:35 10199msgid "<i>Oçeti/Peta</i>, Fireplace/Fire, Leo" 10200msgstr "<i>Oçeti/Peta</i>, Lugar de lume/Lume, Leo" 10201 10202#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 10203#: ../../skycultures/dakota/description.en.utf8:36 10204msgid "" 10205"<i>Itkob u (going toward), Ihuku Kigle (Under went it), Anpo Wiçanhpi " 10206"Sunkaku (younger brother of Morning star)</i>, Arcturus (bright star in " 10207"Bootes)" 10208msgstr "" 10209"<i>Itkob u (going toward), Ihuku Kigle (Foi por debaixo), Anpo Wiçanhpi " 10210"Sunkaku (o irmán máis novo da Estrela da Mañá)</i>, Arcturus (a estrela máis" 10211" brillante en Bootes)" 10212 10213#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 10214#: ../../skycultures/dakota/description.en.utf8:37 10215msgid "<i>Wiçanhpi</i>, Star" 10216msgstr "<i>Wiçanhpi</i>, Estrela" 10217 10218#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 10219#: ../../skycultures/dakota/description.en.utf8:38 10220msgid "<i>Hanhepi Wi /Hanyetu Wi/Hanwi /Hanwi (Night Sun)</i>, Moon" 10221msgstr "<i>Hanhepi Wi /Hanyetu Wi/Hanwi /Hanwi (Sol da noite)</i>, Lúa" 10222 10223#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 10224#: ../../skycultures/dakota/description.en.utf8:39 10225msgid "<i>Anog Ite (Double Faced Woman)</i>, Moon" 10226msgstr "<i>Anog Ite (Muller de dúas caras)</i>, Lúa" 10227 10228#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 10229#: ../../skycultures/dakota/description.en.utf8:40 10230msgid "<i>Wi, Anpetu Wi (Day Sun)</i>, Sun" 10231msgstr "<i>Wi, Anpetu Wi (Sol do día)</i>, Sol" 10232 10233#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 10234#: ../../skycultures/dakota/description.en.utf8:41 10235msgid "<i>Anpo Wiçanhpi /Anpetu D/Luta</i>, Venus" 10236msgstr "<i>Anpo Wiçanhpi /Anpetu D/Luta</i>, Venus" 10237 10238#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 10239#: ../../skycultures/dakota/description.en.utf8:42 10240msgid "<i>Wanagi Taçanku (Road of the spirits/Ghost trail)</i>, Milky Way" 10241msgstr "" 10242"<i>Wanagi Taçanku (Camiño dos espíritos/Verea pantasma)</i>, Vía Láctea" 10243 10244#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 10245#: ../../skycultures/dakota/description.en.utf8:43 10246msgid "" 10247"<i>Wiçanhpi Hinhpaya/Wiahpihinhpaya/Wohpe Wakan</i>, Meteor/Falling star" 10248msgstr "" 10249"<i>Wiçanhpi Hinhpaya/Wiahpihinhpaya/Wohpe Wakan</i>, Meteoro/Estrela fugaz" 10250 10251#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 10252#: ../../skycultures/dakota/description.en.utf8:44 10253msgid "<i>Wamakohnaka/Wamakhognaka/Makasitomni</i>, Universe" 10254msgstr "<i>Wamakohnaka/Wamakhognaka/Makasitomni</i>, Universo" 10255 10256#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 10257#: ../../skycultures/dakota/description.en.utf8:45 10258msgid "<i>Wiçanhpi Sintetun/Wiçanhpi Sinte Yukan/Wicanpisinteton</i>, Comet" 10259msgstr "<i>Wiçanhpi Sintetun/Wiçanhpi Sinte Yukan/Wicanpisinteton</i>, Cometa" 10260 10261#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 10262#: ../../skycultures/dakota/description.en.utf8:52 10263msgid "" 10264"<a href=\"http://web.stcloudstate.edu/aslee/DAKOTAMAP/home.html\">D(L)akota " 10265"Map webpage, includes audio recordings of D(L)akota pronunciation and other " 10266"resources.</a>" 10267msgstr "" 10268"<a href=\"http://web.stcloudstate.edu/aslee/DAKOTAMAP/home.html\">Web do " 10269"mapa PD(L)akota, inclúe rexistros de audio de pronuncia D(L)akota e outras " 10270"fontes.</a>" 10271 10272#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 10273#: ../../skycultures/dakota/description.en.utf8:53 10274msgid "" 10275"<a " 10276"href=\"http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0692232540/ref=pd_lpo_sbs_dp_ss_3?pf_rd_p=1944687622&pf_rd_s=lpo-" 10277"top-" 10278"stripe-1&pf_rd_t=201&pf_rd_i=0615986781&pf_rd_m=ATVPDKIKX0DER&pf_rd_r=0YJSH2RAY5J6SDM4EM12" 10279" " 10280"stripe-1&pf_rd_t=201&pf_rd_i=0615986781&pf_rd_m=ATVPDKIKX0DER&pf_rd_r=0YJSH2RAY5J6SDM4EM12\">D(L)akota" 10281" Star Map Constellation Guide</a> book on amazon.com" 10282msgstr "" 10283"<a " 10284"href=\"http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0692232540/ref=pd_lpo_sbs_dp_ss_3?pf_rd_p=1944687622&pf_rd_s=lpo-" 10285"top-" 10286"stripe-1&pf_rd_t=201&pf_rd_i=0615986781&pf_rd_m=ATVPDKIKX0DER&pf_rd_r=0YJSH2RAY5J6SDM4EM12" 10287" " 10288"stripe-1&pf_rd_t=201&pf_rd_i=0615986781&pf_rd_m=ATVPDKIKX0DER&pf_rd_r=0YJSH2RAY5J6SDM4EM12\">D(L)akota" 10289" Star Map Constellation Guide</a> libro en amazon.com" 10290 10291#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 10292#: ../../skycultures/dakota/description.en.utf8:54 10293#: ../../skycultures/ojibwe/description.en.utf8:45 10294msgid "" 10295"<a href=\"http://www.nativeskywatchers.com\"><i>Native Skywatchers’</i> main" 10296" webpage, includes education, art, and community workshops and other " 10297"resources.</a>" 10298msgstr "" 10299"<a href=\"http://www.nativeskywatchers.com\"><i>Native Skywatchers’</i> " 10300"páxina web principal, inclúe educación, arte e venda de traballos da " 10301"comunidade, así como outros recursos.</a>" 10302 10303#. type: Content of: <p> 10304#: ../../skycultures/dakota/description.en.utf8:58 10305msgid "" 10306"This D(L)akota star knowledge was contributed by Annette S. Lee, Director of" 10307" <i>Native Skywatchers</i>, a research and programming initiative aimed at " 10308"revitalizing native star knowledge, in particular Ojibwe and D(L)akota. " 10309"Based on the star map <i><b>Makoce Wicanhpi Wowapi - D(L)akota Star " 10310"Map</b></i> created by A. Lee, J. Rock and the book <i><b>D(L)akota Star Map" 10311" Constellation Guide: An Introduction to D(L)akota Star Knowledge</b></i> by" 10312" A. Lee, J. Rock, C. O’Rourke." 10313msgstr "" 10314"Ó coñecemento das estrelas D(L)akota contribuíu Annette S. Lee, directora de" 10315" <i>Native Skywatchers</i>, unha iniciativa de investigación e programación " 10316"dirixida a revitalizar o coñecemento de estrelas nativas, en particular " 10317"Ojibwe e D(L)akota. Baseado no mapa de estrelas <i><b>Makoce Wicanhpi Wowapi" 10318" - D(L)akota Star Map</b></i> creado por A. Lee, J. Rock e o libro " 10319"<i><b>D(L)akota Star Map Constellation Guide: An Introduction to D(L)akota " 10320"Star Knowledge</b></i> de A. Lee, J. Rock, C. O’Rourke." 10321 10322#. type: Content of: <p> 10323#: ../../skycultures/dakota/description.en.utf8:59 10324msgid "Constellation Paintings by A. Lee." 10325msgstr "Debuxos de constelacións de A. Lee." 10326 10327#. type: Content of: <p> 10328#: ../../skycultures/dakota/description.en.utf8:60 10329#: ../../skycultures/ojibwe/description.en.utf8:51 10330msgid "Contact A. Lee at aslee@stcloudstate.edu for more information." 10331msgstr "Contactar A. Lee en aslee@stcloudstate.edu para máis información." 10332 10333#. type: Content of: <h2> 10334#: ../../skycultures/egyptian/description.en.utf8:1 10335msgid "Egyptian" 10336msgstr "Exipcia" 10337 10338#. type: Content of: <p> 10339#: ../../skycultures/egyptian/description.en.utf8:2 10340msgid "" 10341"Late Egyptian astronomy/astrology follows that of Greco/Roman culture. The " 10342"belief that the stars could influence human destiny does not appear to have " 10343"reached Egypt until the Ptolemaic period. The temple of Hathor at Denderah " 10344"dates from Ptolemaic times, probably the first century BCE, and has a " 10345"wonderful illustration of the sky that illustrates this point." 10346msgstr "" 10347"A astronomía / astroloxía exipcia tardía segue a da cultura grecorromana. A " 10348"crenza de que as as estrelas puidesen influír no destino humano non chegou a" 10349" Exipto ata o período ptolemaico. O templo de Hathor en Denderah data da " 10350"época ptolemaica, probablemente do século I a.C., e ten unha marabillosa " 10351"ilustración do ceo que mostra este punto." 10352 10353#. type: Content of: <p> 10354#: ../../skycultures/egyptian/description.en.utf8:3 10355msgid "" 10356"However there were differences in names. For example, Cancer the Crab is " 10357"represented by the Scarab Beetle. The figure of the Lion near the Scales " 10358"(which is not the zodiacal Lion) is the constellation Centaurus [1]." 10359msgstr "" 10360"Non obstante houbo diferenzas nos nomes. Por exemplo, Cancer o Cangrexo está" 10361" representado polo Escaravello Scarab. A figura do león preto das escamas " 10362"(que non é o león zodiacal) é a constelación de Centauro [1]." 10363 10364#. type: Content of: <p> 10365#: ../../skycultures/egyptian/description.en.utf8:4 10366msgid "" 10367"Earlier constellations are more problematic, but some indications exist that" 10368" some modern zodiac signs are very ancient indeed [2], although the " 10369"constellations did change significantly over time [3]." 10370msgstr "" 10371"As constelacións anteriores son máis problemáticas, pero hai algúns indicios" 10372" de que algúns signos do zodiaco modernos son moi antigos [2], aínda que as " 10373"constelacións mudaron significativamente co paso do tempo [3]." 10374 10375#. type: Content of: <p> 10376#: ../../skycultures/egyptian/description.en.utf8:5 10377msgid "" 10378"The Egyptians recognized five planets and called them the \"stars that knew " 10379"no rest\". Their movement across the heavens reminded the Egyptians of the " 10380"five gods sailing across the sky in their solar barque (boat). The planet " 10381"now known as Jupiter was called \"Horus Who Limits the Two Lands\"; Mars was" 10382" \"Horus of the Horizon\"; Mercury was \"Sebegu\", associated with Set; " 10383"Saturn was \"Horus the Bull of the Sky\"; and Venus was \"the God of the " 10384"Morning\" [7]." 10385msgstr "" 10386"Os exipcios recoñeceron cinco planetas e chamáronlles as \"estrelas que non " 10387"teñen descanso\". O seu movemento polos ceos recordoulles os cinco deuses " 10388"que navegaban polo ceo na súa barca solar. O planeta agora coñecido como " 10389"Xúpiter foi chamado \"Horus que limita con dúas terras\"; Marte era \"Horus " 10390"do Horizonte\"; Mercurio era \"Sebegu\", asociado a Set; Saturno era \"Horus" 10391" o touro do ceo\"; e Venus era \"o deus da mañá\" [7]." 10392 10393#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 10394#: ../../skycultures/egyptian/description.en.utf8:9 10395msgid "" 10396"<a href=\"http://members.westnet.com.au/Gary-David-" 10397"Thompson/page11-17.html\">[1]</a>, <a " 10398"href=\"http://members.westnet.com.au/Gary-David-" 10399"Thompson/page11-15.html\">[3]</a> Astronomical Artifacts and Cuneiform " 10400"Tablets, etc" 10401msgstr "" 10402"<a href=\"http://members.westnet.com.au/Gary-David-" 10403"Thompson/page11-17.html\">[1]</a>, <a " 10404"href=\"http://members.westnet.com.au/Gary-David-" 10405"Thompson/page11-15.html\">[3]</a> Artefactos Astronómicos e Táboas " 10406"Cuneiformes..." 10407 10408#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 10409#: ../../skycultures/egyptian/description.en.utf8:10 10410msgid "" 10411"<a href=\"http://www.catchpenny.org/thoth/3arch.htm\">[2]</a> Three archaic " 10412"Egyptian constellations used as seasonal markers?" 10413msgstr "" 10414"<a href=\"http://www.catchpenny.org/thoth/3arch.htm\">[2]</a> Tres " 10415"constelacións exipcias utilizadas como marcadores das estacións?" 10416 10417#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 10418#: ../../skycultures/egyptian/description.en.utf8:11 10419msgid "" 10420"<a " 10421"href=\"http://ecuip.lib.uchicago.edu/diglib/science/cultural_astronomy/cultures_egypt-2.html\">http://ecuip.lib.uchicago.edu/diglib/science/cultural_astronomy/cultures_egypt-2.html</a>" 10422msgstr "" 10423"<a " 10424"href=\"http://ecuip.lib.uchicago.edu/diglib/science/cultural_astronomy/cultures_egypt-2.html\">http://ecuip.lib.uchicago.edu/diglib/science/cultural_astronomy/cultures_egypt-2.html</a>" 10425 10426#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 10427#: ../../skycultures/egyptian/description.en.utf8:12 10428msgid "" 10429"<a " 10430"href=\"http://www.egyptologyonline.com/astronomy.htm\">http://www.egyptologyonline.com/astronomy.htm</a>" 10431msgstr "" 10432"<a " 10433"href=\"http://www.egyptologyonline.com/astronomy.htm\">http://www.egyptologyonline.com/astronomy.htm</a>" 10434 10435#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 10436#: ../../skycultures/egyptian/description.en.utf8:13 10437msgid "" 10438"<a " 10439"href=\"http://www.starteachastronomy.com/egyptian.html\">http://www.starteachastronomy.com/egyptian.html</a>" 10440msgstr "" 10441"<a " 10442"href=\"http://www.starteachastronomy.com/egyptian.html\">http://www.starteachastronomy.com/egyptian.html</a>" 10443 10444#. type: Content of: <p> 10445#: ../../skycultures/egyptian/description.en.utf8:18 10446msgid "" 10447"This sky culture was contributed by <i>Karrie Berglund</i> of Digitalis " 10448"Education Solutions, Inc. based on the paper \"A Map of the Ancient Egyptian" 10449" Firmament” by Juan Antonio Belmonte." 10450msgstr "" 10451"A esta cultura do ceo contribuíu <i>Karrie Berglund</i> of Digitalis " 10452"Education Solutions, Inc. a partir de \"Un mapa do antigo firmamento " 10453"exipcio” de Juan Antonio Belmonte." 10454 10455#. type: Content of: <p> 10456#: ../../skycultures/egyptian/description.en.utf8:19 10457msgid "This sky culture was updated by misibacsi (names of planets)" 10458msgstr "Esta cultura do ceo foi adaptada por misibacsi (nomes de planetas)" 10459 10460#. type: Content of: <h1> 10461#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:1 10462msgid "Greek (Almagest)" 10463msgstr "Grego (Almagest)" 10464 10465#. type: Content of: <p> 10466#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:3 10467msgid "" 10468"This ancient Greek sky culture is based on the Almagest, a compilation of " 10469"astronomical knowledge of former astronomers including results from " 10470"observations and mathematical astronomy. Pieced together by Claudius " 10471"Ptolemy, using older, as well as his own, observations, it was written in " 10472"Greek, published in the Second Century and remained the main astronomical " 10473"work for the following 1500 years. It was originally written with the title " 10474"<i>Mathematike Syntaxis</i>, in Ancient Greek. The name <i>Almagest</i>, " 10475"meaning “The Largest [Book]”, was developed from Arabian " 10476"translations. To create this sky culture we used the English translation by " 10477"Toomer (1984), reworked it in some details (e.g. using more literal " 10478"translations from Greek instead of Latin terms that are common today) and we" 10479" made use of computer readable tables prepared by Ernie Wright." 10480msgstr "" 10481"Esta antiga cultura ceo grega está baseada no Almagest, unha recompilación " 10482"de coñecementos astronómicos de antigos astrónomos que inclúe resultados de " 10483"observacións e astronomía matemática. Xuntado por Claudio Ptolomeo, " 10484"utilizando observacións máis antigas e propias, foi escrito en grego, " 10485"publicado no século II e mantívose como a principal obra astronómica durante" 10486" os 1500 anos seguintes. Orixinalmente foi escrito co título <i>Mathematike " 10487"Syntaxis</i>, en grego antigo. O nome <i>Almagest</i>, que significa \"O " 10488"[libro] máis grande\", desenvolveuse a partir de traducións árabes. Para " 10489"crear esta cultura do ceo empregamos a tradución ó inglés de Toomer (1984), " 10490"reelaborámola nalgúns detalles (por exemplo, usando traducións máis literais" 10491" do grego en lugar de termos latinos que son comúns hoxe en día) e fixemos " 10492"uso de táboas lexibles por ordenador preparadas por Ernie Wright ." 10493 10494#. type: Content of: <p> 10495#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:17 10496msgid "" 10497"The Almagest consists of 13 sections, called books. In the seventh and " 10498"eighth book, Ptolemy listed a total of 1022 stars in 48 constellations " 10499"(among which are about 5 star-like objects like globular star clusters). It" 10500" is a table of coordinates of the stars with a description of their position" 10501" in the constellation (such as \"star at the elbow of X, longitude, " 10502"latitude, magnitude\"). With regard to precession, Ptolemy used ecliptic " 10503"coordinates. As one of the first of his time, Ptolemy included the " 10504"magnitude, a quantitative scale of stellar brightness, probably adopted from" 10505" Hipparchus (which is not certain because Hipparchus’ catalog is not " 10506"preserved). The scale starts with the brightest star with the magnitude of " 10507"1, going down to magnitude of 6, for the faintest stars visible." 10508msgstr "" 10509"O Almagest consta de 13 seccións, chamadas libros. No sétimo e oitavo libros" 10510" Ptolomeo enumerou un total de 1022 estrelas en 48 constelacións (entre as " 10511"que se atopan preto de cinco obxectos estelares como cúmulos de estrelas " 10512"globulares). É unha táboa de coordenadas das estrelas cunha descrición da " 10513"súa posición na constelación (como \"estrela no cóbado de X, lonxitude, " 10514"latitude, magnitude\"). En canto á precesión, Ptolomeo usou coordenadas " 10515"eclípticas. Como un dos primeiros do seu tempo, Ptolomeo incluíu a " 10516"magnitude, unha escala cuantitativa de brillo estelar, probablemente " 10517"adoptada a partir de Hipparchus (o que non é seguro porque non se conserva o" 10518" catálogo de Hipparchus). A escala comeza coa estrela máis brillante coa " 10519"magnitude de 1, baixando ata a magnitude de 6, para as estrelas máis débiles" 10520" que sexan visibles." 10521 10522#. type: Content of: <p> 10523#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:30 10524msgid "" 10525"For the computation of planet positions Ptolemy used a geocentric model " 10526"(which is allowed because the observer always stands on Earth) and, thus, " 10527"contributed to the scientific belief that the heliocentric model by " 10528"Aristarch was not needed. However, for the star catalogue of the " 10529"<i>Almagest</i> this does not matter at all because a star catalogue always " 10530"represents a sort of inventory of the fixed dots in the sky and Ptolemy's " 10531"proclaimed aim of the catalogue is to provide a list for making a celestial " 10532"globe (see Alm., VIII, 3). Being aware of precession he wants to ease the " 10533"business of future globemakers by using ecliptical coordinates: Precession " 10534"as known to Ptolemy shifts all stars parallel to the ecliptic, therefore " 10535"updates to the epoch of the respective globemaker could be applied by a " 10536"simple subtraction of the value for ecliptic longitude." 10537msgstr "" 10538"Para o cálculo das posicións dos planetas Ptolomeo usou un modelo " 10539"xeocéntrico (o que se permite porque o observador sempre está na Terra) e, " 10540"polo tanto, contribuíu á crenza científica de que o modelo heliocéntrico de " 10541"Aristarco non era necesario. Non obstante, para o catálogo de estrelas de " 10542"<i>Almagest</i> isto non importa en absoluto porque un catálogo de estrelas " 10543"sempre representa unha especie de inventario dos puntos fixos no ceo e o " 10544"obxectivo proclamado do catálogo de Ptolomeo é proporcionar unha listaxe " 10545"para facer un globo celeste ( véxase Alm., VIII, 3). Sendo consciente da " 10546"precesión quere facilitar o negocio dos futuros globos mediante as " 10547"coordenadas eclípticas: A precesión, como é coñecida por Ptolemeo, cambia " 10548"todas as estrelas paralelas á eclíptica, polo tanto, as actualizacións á " 10549"época do respectivo globo poderían aplicarse mediante unha simple " 10550"substracción do valor para lonxitude eclíptica." 10551 10552#. type: Content of: <h2> 10553#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:43 10554msgid "How this sky culture was made" 10555msgstr "Como se fixo esta cultura do ceo" 10556 10557#. type: Content of: <p><h3> 10558#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:45 10559#: ../../skycultures/western/description.en.utf8:7 10560#: ../../skycultures/western_SnT/description.en.utf8:9 10561msgid "Star names" 10562msgstr "Nomes de estrelas" 10563 10564#. type: Content of: outside any tag (error?) 10565#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:47 10566msgid "" 10567"Out of more than 1,000 stars, Ptolemy mentions a proper name for only 15. " 10568"The rest are identified by fairly long descriptions such as \"The star on " 10569"the end of the tail\" for the Polaris. In order to avoid displaying such " 10570"long strings across the screen in Stellarium, we invented short labels for " 10571"all Almagest stars based on the constellation and the order in which they " 10572"appear in the catalogue. For example, Polaris is given a designation \"UMi " 10573"1\" because it is the first star in the constellation of Small Bear (UMi). " 10574"See the table below for the correspondence between Ptolemy constellations " 10575"and IAU abbreviations. In addition, where Ptolemy describes a star as lying" 10576" outside of the figure, we use lowercase letters in the corresponding label." 10577" To see the long description for a given star, users should enable \"Use " 10578"additional names of stars\" in the \"View [F4]/Sky\" settings and click on " 10579"the star. The long description will then be displayed at the top of the " 10580"screen." 10581msgstr "" 10582"De máis de 1.000 estrelas, Ptolomeo menciona o nome propio de tan só 15. O " 10583"resto identifícanse mediante descricións bastante longas como \"A estrela no" 10584" extremo da cola\" para a Polaris. Para evitar amosar descricións tan longas" 10585" na pantalla en Stellarium, fixemos etiquetas curtas para todas as estrelas " 10586"do Almagest baseadas na constelación e na orde na que aparecen no catálogo. " 10587"Por exemplo, a Polaris recibe a denominación \"UMi 1\" porque é a primeira " 10588"estrela da constelación de Osa Menor (UMi). Podes ver na táboa seguinte a " 10589"correspondencia entre as constelacións de Ptolomeo e as abreviaturas da IAU." 10590" Ademais, onde Ptolomeo describe unha estrela como fóra da figura, usamos " 10591"letras minúsculas na etiqueta correspondente. Para ver a descrición longa " 10592"dunha estrela determinada, os usuarios deberían habilitar \"Usar nomes " 10593"adicionais de estrelas\" na configuración \"Ver [F4] / Ceo\" e facer clic na" 10594" estrela. A longa descrición amosarase na parte superior da pantalla." 10595 10596#. type: Content of: <h3> 10597#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:61 10598msgid "Constellation lines" 10599msgstr "Liñas das constelacións" 10600 10601#. type: Content of: <p> 10602#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:63 10603msgid "" 10604"The process can be described as sketched here with the example of Corvus:" 10605msgstr "O proceso resúmese aquí co exemplo de Corvus:" 10606 10607#. type: Content of: <p> 10608#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:66 10609msgid "" 10610"In the constellation of Corvus (Raven), α Crv is the star in the " 10611""head of the raven". It is connected with the "star in the " 10612"neck", ε Crv. This one is connected with "the star in the" 10613" breast" ζ Crv. From there two lines go to the tips of the wings." 10614" γ Crv is the star in the advanced wing and δ Crv the star in " 10615"the rear wing. From the star in the breast another line goes to the " 10616""foot of the raven", the star β Crv." 10617msgstr "" 10618"Na costelación de Corvus, α Crv é a estrena na "cabeza do " 10619"corvo". Conéctase coa "estrela no pescozo", ε Crv. " 10620"Esta está conectada coa "estrela no peito" ζ Crv. A partir " 10621"de aquí dúas liñas se dirixen ás puntas das ás. γ Crv é a estrela na " 10622"parte dianteira e δ Crv a estrela na á traseira. Dende a estrela no " 10623"peito outra liña vai ata o"pé do corvo", a estrela β Crv." 10624 10625#. type: Content of: <p> 10626#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:77 10627msgid "" 10628"After identifying the stars based on their coordinates and names, we " 10629"reconnected the stars according to the descriptions in the table presented " 10630"in the <i>Almagest</i>." 10631msgstr "" 10632"Despois de identificar as estrelas en función das súas coordenadas e nomes, " 10633"reconectamos as estrelas segundo as descricións na táboa presentada no " 10634"<i>Almagest</i>." 10635 10636#. type: Content of: <p> 10637#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:81 10638msgid "" 10639"The names of stars and names of deep sky objects rely on the Almagest only, " 10640"e.g. Ptolemy uses the name " 10641""λαμπαδίας (The Torch-" 10642"like)" for Aldebaran in his other work, the <i>Tetrabiblos</i>, but " 10643"this is not implemented in this sky culture because it doesn't show up in " 10644"the Almagest." 10645msgstr "" 10646"Os nomes de estrelas e de obxectos do ceo profundo só dependen do Almagest. " 10647"Por exemplo, Ptolomeo usa o nome "λαμπ α " 10648"δ&# 943;ας (A que é coma un facho) " para Aldebarán " 10649"no seu outro traballo, o Tetrabiblos, pero isto non está implementado nesta " 10650"cultura do ceo porque non aparece no Almagest." 10651 10652#. type: Content of: <p> 10653#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:87 10654msgid "" 10655"The following table displays the original constellation name in Greek and " 10656"its English translation (column 2 and 3) and denotes our uncertainties in " 10657"the reconstruction (column 6)." 10658msgstr "" 10659"A seguinte táboa mostra o nome da constelación orixinal en grego e a súa " 10660"tradución en galego (columnas 2 e 3) e indica as nosas incertezas na " 10661"reconstrución (columna 6)." 10662 10663#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 10664#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:93 10665#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:17 10666msgid "<b>Abbreviation</b>" 10667msgstr "<b>Abreviatura</b>" 10668 10669#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 10670#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:94 10671msgid "<b>Original name</b>" 10672msgstr "<b>Nome orixinal</b>" 10673 10674#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 10675#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:95 10676msgid "<b>Translation</b> (direct)" 10677msgstr "<b>Tradución</b> (directa)" 10678 10679#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 10680#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:96 10681msgid "<b>IAU (Latin) name</b>" 10682msgstr "<b>Nome latino IAU</b>" 10683 10684#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 10685#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:97 10686msgid "<b>hints to constellation</b>" 10687msgstr "<b>consellos para a constelación</b>" 10688 10689#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 10690#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:98 10691msgid "<b>freedom of art</b>" 10692msgstr "<b>liberdade da arte</b>" 10693 10694#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 10695#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:103 10696msgid "Small She-Bear" 10697msgstr "Pequena Osa" 10698 10699#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 10700#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:105 10701#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:113 10702#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:425 10703#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:441 10704#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:465 10705msgid "like IAU constellation" 10706msgstr "como a constelacion IAU" 10707 10708#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 10709#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:111 10710#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:31 10711msgid "Great She-Bear" 10712msgstr "Gran Osa" 10713 10714#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 10715#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:119 10716#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:37 10717msgid "Dragon" 10718msgstr "Dragón" 10719 10720#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 10721#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:121 10722msgid "" 10723"all triangles or squares are vertebra or parts of the body; line at the head" 10724" is the tongue" 10725msgstr "" 10726"todos os triángulos ou cadrados son vértebras ou partes do corpo; a liña da " 10727"cabeza é a lingua" 10728 10729#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 10730#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:127 10731#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:35 10732msgid "Kepheus" 10733msgstr "Cefeo" 10734 10735#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 10736#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:129 10737msgid "king, upside down" 10738msgstr "Rei, ó revés" 10739 10740#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 10741#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:130 10742msgid "" 10743"three head stars are tiara; β seen as part of the belt, although " 10744"Almagest says beneath belt" 10745msgstr "" 10746"tres estrelas de cabeza son a tiara; vese como parte do cinto, aínda que " 10747"Almagest di que está debaixo do cinto" 10748 10749#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 10750#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:135 10751msgid "Ploughman" 10752msgstr "Arado" 10753 10754#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 10755#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:137 10756msgid "has a shepherd's staff in his hand (ω)" 10757msgstr "ten na man roupa de pastor (ω)" 10758 10759#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 10760#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:138 10761msgid "star HIP 72582 added as neck star" 10762msgstr "a estrela HIP 72582engadiuse como estrela do pescozo" 10763 10764#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 10765#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:143 10766msgid "Crown" 10767msgstr "Coroa" 10768 10769#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 10770#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:145 10771msgid "like IAU constellation; no details for lines in the text" 10772msgstr "como a constelación da IAU; sen detalles para as liñas de texto" 10773 10774#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 10775#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:151 10776#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:61 10777msgid "Kneeler" 10778msgstr "Axeonllado" 10779 10780#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 10781#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:153 10782msgid "one of the foot stars is top of staff of Bootes" 10783msgstr "unha das estrelas do pé é a parte superior do persoal de Bootes" 10784 10785#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 10786#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:154 10787msgid "star HIP 82764 added as neck star" 10788msgstr "a estrela HIP 82764 engadiuse como estrela do pescozo" 10789 10790#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 10791#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:159 10792#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:59 10793msgid "Lyre" 10794msgstr "Lira" 10795 10796#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 10797#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:167 10798msgid "Bird" 10799msgstr "Paxaro" 10800 10801#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 10802#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:169 10803msgid "swan with legs" 10804msgstr "cisne con patas" 10805 10806#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 10807#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:170 10808msgid "Tips of wings connected with tail" 10809msgstr "Puntas das ás conectadas coa cola" 10810 10811#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 10812#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:175 10813msgid "Kassiepeia" 10814msgstr "Casiopea" 10815 10816#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 10817#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:177 10818msgid "Queen sitting on a throne" 10819msgstr "Raíña sentada no trono" 10820 10821#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 10822#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:178 10823msgid "to avoid confusion we did not draw the throne" 10824msgstr "para evitar confusións non debuxamos o trono" 10825 10826#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 10827#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:183 10828#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:85 10829#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:77 10830msgid "Perseus" 10831msgstr "Perseus" 10832 10833#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 10834#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:185 10835msgid "" 10836"Double star cluster NGC 869 and NGC 884 as Deep Sky Object - >one of the " 10837"stars in the cluster was used for drawing" 10838msgstr "" 10839"Cúmulo de estrelas dobres NGC 869 e NGC 884 como obxecto do ceo profundo: " 10840"unha das estrelas do cúmulo empregouse para o debuxo" 10841 10842#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 10843#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:186 10844msgid "" 10845"one of the stars in Gorgon-head is added to make the head look more " 10846"spherical" 10847msgstr "" 10848"engádese unha estrela da Cabeza da Gorgona para que a cabeza pareza máis " 10849"esférica" 10850 10851#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 10852#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:191 10853#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:91 10854#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:83 10855msgid "Charioteer" 10856msgstr "Auriga" 10857 10858#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 10859#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:193 10860msgid "wears long garment; garment limited through shoulders and hem" 10861msgstr "leva roupa longa; prenda limitada por ombreiros e basta" 10862 10863#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 10864#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:194 10865msgid "o Aur added as neck star; 1 Aur added as hem star" 10866msgstr "" 10867"o Aur engadido como estrela do pescozo; 1 Aur engadido como estrela da basta" 10868 10869#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 10870#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:199 10871msgid "Serpent Bearer" 10872msgstr "Portador da serpe" 10873 10874#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 10875#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:201 10876msgid "has serpent in his hand" 10877msgstr "ten unha serpe na man" 10878 10879#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 10880#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:202 10881msgid "a star added as neck star" 10882msgstr "engadeuse unha estrela para formar o pescozo" 10883 10884#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 10885#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:207 10886msgid "Snake" 10887msgstr "Serpe" 10888 10889#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 10890#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:209 10891msgid "two separate parts of the snake (head and tail); square is head" 10892msgstr "dúas partes separadas da serpe (cabeza e cola); o cadrado é a cabeza" 10893 10894#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 10895#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:215 10896#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:103 10897msgid "Arrow" 10898msgstr "Frecha" 10899 10900#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 10901#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:217 10902msgid "Like IAU constellation, η Sge is missing" 10903msgstr "Como constelación IAU, η falta Sge" 10904 10905#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 10906#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:223 10907#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:109 10908msgid "Eagle" 10909msgstr "Aguia" 10910 10911#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 10912#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:225 10913msgid "" 10914"τ Aql as head star, β as neck, Altair is between shoulders, γ" 10915" and μ are shoulders" 10916msgstr "" 10917"τ Aql como estrela da cabeza, β coma o pescozo neck, Altair está " 10918"entre os ombreiros, γ e μ son os ombreiros" 10919 10920#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 10921#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:231 10922#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:115 10923#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:95 10924msgid "Dolphin" 10925msgstr "Golfiño" 10926 10927#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 10928#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:234 10929msgid "refined shape" 10930msgstr "forma refinada" 10931 10932#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 10933#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:239 10934#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:121 10935msgid "Bust [of a horse]" 10936msgstr "Busto [dun cabalo]" 10937 10938#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 10939#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:247 10940msgid "Horse" 10941msgstr "Cabalo" 10942 10943#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 10944#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:249 10945msgid "with mane and one wing" 10946msgstr "con melena e unha á" 10947 10948#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 10949#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:255 10950msgid "Andromeda" 10951msgstr "Andromeda" 10952 10953#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 10954#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:257 10955msgid "dress and belt" 10956msgstr "vestido e cinturón" 10957 10958#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 10959#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:265 10960msgid "four given stars  middle star of one side" 10961msgstr "catro estrelas  a estrela central dun lado" 10962 10963#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 10964#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:271 10965#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:145 10966#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:119 10967msgid "Ram" 10968msgstr "Carneiro" 10969 10970#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 10971#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:273 10972msgid "turned head; only one horn" 10973msgstr "cabeza ladeada; só un corno" 10974 10975#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 10976#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:279 10977#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:151 10978#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:125 10979msgid "Bull" 10980msgstr "Touro" 10981 10982#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 10983#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:281 10984msgid "half body, only two legs visible; direction of view to observer" 10985msgstr "" 10986"medio corpo, só dúas patas visibles; dirección de visión cara ó observador" 10987 10988#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 10989#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:287 10990#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:157 10991#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:137 10992msgid "Twins" 10993msgstr "Xemelgos" 10994 10995#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 10996#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:289 10997msgid "one star in common; touching each other with hands" 10998msgstr "unha estrela en común; tocándose entre si coas mans" 10999 11000#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 11001#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:295 11002msgid "Crab" 11003msgstr "Cangrexo" 11004 11005#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 11006#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:297 11007msgid "square body" 11008msgstr "corpo cadrado" 11009 11010#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 11011#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:303 11012#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:169 11013#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:149 11014msgid "Lion" 11015msgstr "León" 11016 11017#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 11018#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:305 11019msgid "opens jaw" 11020msgstr "abre a mandíbula" 11021 11022#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 11023#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:311 11024msgid "Maiden" 11025msgstr "Virxe" 11026 11027#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 11028#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:313 11029msgid "no separate head" 11030msgstr "sen cabeza separada" 11031 11032#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 11033#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:314 11034msgid "fainter stars added to draw the wings" 11035msgstr "engadíronse estrelas máis febles para debuxar as ás" 11036 11037#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 11038#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:319 11039msgid "Claws [of the Scorpion]" 11040msgstr "Poutas [de Escorpión]" 11041 11042#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 11043#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:321 11044msgid "" 11045"Ptolemy always uses the term "claws", never "the " 11046"balance"." 11047msgstr "" 11048"Ptolomeo usa sempre o termo "pouta", nunca "balanza"" 11049 11050#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 11051#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:327 11052#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:187 11053msgid "Scorpion" 11054msgstr "Escorpión" 11055 11056#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 11057#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:330 11058msgid "arms added around the head: ν and ρ" 11059msgstr "engadíronse brazos arredor da cabeza: ν e ρ" 11060 11061#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 11062#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:335 11063#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:174 11064msgid "Archer" 11065msgstr "Arqueiro" 11066 11067#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 11068#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:337 11069msgid "a centaur with bow ahead; „cloak“ behind" 11070msgstr "un centauro con arco e unha capa detrás" 11071 11072#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 11073#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:338 11074msgid "" 11075"we included many faint stars in our stick figure in order to make the " 11076"picture clear." 11077msgstr "" 11078"incluímos moitas estrelas débiles na nosa figura para que a imaxe fose " 11079"clara." 11080 11081#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 11082#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:343 11083msgid "The One with the Goat's Horn" 11084msgstr "O que ten un corno de cabra" 11085 11086#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 11087#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:345 11088msgid "fish tail; two legs visible" 11089msgstr "cola de peixe; dúas pernas visibles" 11090 11091#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 11092#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:351 11093msgid "Water-Carrier" 11094msgstr "Augador" 11095 11096#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 11097#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:353 11098msgid "water out of jug" 11099msgstr "auga verténdose da xarra" 11100 11101#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 11102#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:359 11103msgid "[2] Fish" 11104msgstr "[2] Peixe" 11105 11106#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 11107#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:362 11108msgid "" 11109"northern fish: 68(h), 67(k), and 65(i) described as head in Almagest but we " 11110"took them as fin because mouth should be at g and τ Psc. Additional " 11111"change on tail fin: extended to ρ" 11112msgstr "" 11113"peixe do norte: 68(h), 67(k), e 65(i) descríbese como cabeza en Almagest " 11114"pero tómanse como aleta porque a boca debería estar en g e τ Psc. Outro " 11115"cambio adicional é a aleta de cola, estendida a ρ" 11116 11117#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 11118#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:367 11119#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:217 11120msgid "Sea Monster" 11121msgstr "Balea" 11122 11123#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 11124#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:370 11125msgid "Body does not go through star τ, but through star υ" 11126msgstr "O corpo non pasa pola estrela τ, senón pola estrela υ" 11127 11128#. type: Content of: <h3> 11129#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:375 11130#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:223 11131#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:204 11132#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:116 11133#: ../../skycultures/russian_siberian/description.en.utf8:22 11134msgid "Orion" 11135msgstr "Orion" 11136 11137#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 11138#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:378 11139msgid "" 11140"The "head" is labeled as "nebulous" which means Ptolemy " 11141"interpreted φ<sub>1</sub>, φ<sub>2</sub>, and λ, together " 11142"with fainter stars between them as a "cluster" (or association " 11143"which is more extended than the modern "λ Ori Assoc."). " 11144"Head does not have direct connection to the shoulder stars anymore, but a " 11145"connection to a star between the stars in the shoulders." 11146msgstr "" 11147"A \"cabeza\" está etiquetada como \"nebulosa\", o que significa que Ptolomeo" 11148" interpretou φ<sub>1</sub>, φ<sub>2</sub>, e λ xunto con " 11149"estrelas máis débiles entre elas como \"cúmulo\" (ou asociación máis " 11150"estendida que a moderna & quot; & lambda; Ori Assoc. & quot;). A cabeza xa " 11151"non ten conexión directa coas estrelas do ombreiro, senón conexión cunha " 11152"estrela entre as estrelas dos ombreiros." 11153 11154#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 11155#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:383 11156msgid "River [nameless]" 11157msgstr "Río [sen nome]" 11158 11159#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 11160#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:385 11161msgid "Like IAU constellation, but shorter" 11162msgstr "Como a constelación da IAU, pero máis curta" 11163 11164#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 11165#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:391 11166#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:235 11167#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:216 11168msgid "Hare" 11169msgstr "Lebre" 11170 11171#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 11172#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:394 11173msgid "took the \"4 stars over the ear\" as ear" 11174msgstr "colleu as \"4 estrelas sobre a orella\" como orella" 11175 11176#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 11177#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:407 11178msgid "The One before the Dog" 11179msgstr "O que está antes do Can" 11180 11181#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 11182#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:410 11183msgid "" 11184"In Almagest, the name of the constellation is "The One before the " 11185"Dog" or "Harbinger of Sirius" as Toomer puts it. However, " 11186"β CMi is called "the neck" (of whom is unknown). We drew a " 11187"little dog with γ and ε as head; α, β, η and " 11188"HIP36889 as body; forelegs with HIP 35509 and HIP 35614; hindlegs with " 11189"δ<sub>2</sub> and δ<sub>3</sub>; tail with HIP 37634" 11190msgstr "" 11191"No Almagest, o nome da constelación é "O que está antes do Can" ou" 11192" "O anunciador de Sirius" como di Toomer. Porén, a β CMi " 11193"chámaselle "o pescozo" (descoñécese de quen). Debuxamos un pequeno" 11194" can con γ e ε como cabeza; α, β, η e HIP36889 " 11195"como corpo; as patas dianteiras con HIP 35509 e HIP 35614; as patas " 11196"traseiras con δ<sub>2</sub> e δ<sub>3</sub>; o rabo con HIP " 11197"37634" 11198 11199#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 11200#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:415 11201#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:253 11202#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:234 11203msgid "Ship "Argo"" 11204msgstr "Barco "Argo"" 11205 11206#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 11207#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:417 11208msgid "smaller than the sum of the IAU-constellations Pup+Pyx+Car+Vel" 11209msgstr "menor cá suma de constelacións IAU Pup+Pyx+Car+Vel" 11210 11211#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 11212#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:418 11213msgid "" 11214"Many stars not integrated in the constellation, to create a boat-like shape;" 11215" in many depictions (including the ancient Farnese globe), only a half of a " 11216"ship is painted." 11217msgstr "" 11218"Hai moitas estrelas non integradas na constelación, para crear unha forma " 11219"parecida a un barco; en moitas representacións (incluído o antigo globo de " 11220"Farnese), só se debuxa a metade dun barco." 11221 11222#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 11223#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:423 11224msgid "Water Snake" 11225msgstr "Serpe de Auga" 11226 11227#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 11228#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:431 11229msgid "Krater (vessel)" 11230msgstr "Krater [vaixel]" 11231 11232#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 11233#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:434 11234msgid "" 11235"a Krater is special Greek wine mixing vessel which looks like an amphora or " 11236"vase: <a " 11237"href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krater\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krater</a>" 11238" Ptolemy describes only one star in the foot (α Crt) and two handles " 11239"(η, θ Crt)" 11240msgstr "" 11241"un Krater é un recipiente especial para a mestura de viño grego que semella " 11242"unha ánfora ou un xarrón: <a " 11243"href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krater\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krater</a>" 11244" Ptolomeo describe só unha estrela no fondo (α Crt) e dúas manshandles" 11245" (η, θ Crt)" 11246 11247#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 11248#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:439 11249msgid "Raven" 11250msgstr "Corvo" 11251 11252#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 11253#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:447 11254#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:265 11255#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:246 11256msgid "Kentauros" 11257msgstr "Centauro" 11258 11259#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 11260#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:450 11261msgid "" 11262"deviation from description: HIP 65373 instead of ω Cen (cluster) taken" 11263" as star on the back. ‘Thyrsus‘ not drawn (to avoid confusion), " 11264"backward arm added." 11265msgstr "" 11266"desviación da descrición: HIP 65373 no canto de ω Cen (cúmulo) tomado " 11267"como estrela das costas. ‘Thyrsus‘ non debuxado (para evitar " 11268"confusións), engadiuse un brazo cara atrás." 11269 11270#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 11271#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:455 11272msgid "Beast" 11273msgstr "Lobo" 11274 11275#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 11276#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:458 11277msgid "" 11278"β described as ‘End of hind leg‘ -> taken as star in the " 11279"belly; τ<sub>1</sub> as hindleg Χ removed from head, because " 11280"otherwise shapelessness arises; HIP 73493 taken as foreleg" 11281msgstr "" 11282"β descrita como ‘Extremo da pata traseira‘ -> tomouse como " 11283"estrela na barriga; τ<sub>1</sub> pata traseira Χ retirada da " 11284"cabeza, porque se non rompe a forma; HIP 73493 tomouse como pata dianteira" 11285 11286#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 11287#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:463 11288#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:277 11289#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:258 11290msgid "Altar" 11291msgstr "Altar" 11292 11293#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 11294#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:471 11295msgid "Southern Crown" 11296msgstr "Coroa do Sur" 11297 11298#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 11299#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:473 11300msgid "" 11301"like IAU constellation; only uncertainty with stars that only got a BSC " 11302"number in the Almagest, because these are not clearly to identify in " 11303"Stellarium" 11304msgstr "" 11305"como a constelación IAU; a única incerteza prodúcese con estrelas que só " 11306"teñen número BSC en Almagest, porque estas non se identifican claramente en " 11307"Stellarium" 11308 11309#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 11310#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:479 11311#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:289 11312#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:270 11313msgid "Southern Fish" 11314msgstr "Peixe do Sur" 11315 11316#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 11317#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:481 11318msgid "the fish is laying on his back" 11319msgstr "o peixe está deitado sobre o lombo" 11320 11321#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 11322#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:482 11323msgid "" 11324"we added a few stars to mark the tail as such (β should be the tip of " 11325"the tail but we used it as its root)" 11326msgstr "" 11327"engadimos algunhas estrelas para marcar a cola como tal (β debería ser " 11328"a punta da cola pero usámola como o seu nacemento)" 11329 11330#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 11331#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:488 11332msgid "" 11333"Grasshoff, G.: The History of Ptolemy's Star Catalog, Springer, New York, " 11334"1990" 11335msgstr "" 11336"Grasshoff, G.: The History of Ptolemy's Star Catalog, Springer, New York, " 11337"1990" 11338 11339#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 11340#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:489 11341#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:295 11342#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:284 11343msgid "" 11344"Heiberg, J. L. (Ed.): Claudii Ptolemaei: Syntaxis Mathematica, Teubner, " 11345"Leipzig, 1898" 11346msgstr "" 11347"Heiberg, J. L. (Ed.): Claudii Ptolemaei: Syntaxis Mathematica, Teubner, " 11348"Leipzig, 1898" 11349 11350#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 11351#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:490 11352msgid "" 11353"Hoffmann, S. M.: Hipparchs Himmelsglobus, Springer, Wiesbaden / New York, " 11354"2017" 11355msgstr "" 11356"Hoffmann, S. M.: Hipparchs Himmelsglobus, Springer, Wiesbaden / New York, " 11357"2017" 11358 11359#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 11360#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:491 11361#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:297 11362#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:286 11363msgid "Toomer, G. J.: Ptolemy's Almagest, Duckworth, London, 1984" 11364msgstr "Toomer, G. J.: Ptolemy's Almagest, Duckworth, London, 1984" 11365 11366#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 11367#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:492 11368msgid "" 11369"Ernie Wright: <a href=\"http://www.etwright.org/astro/almagest.html#cat\" " 11370"class='external text' rel=\"nofollow\"> Seeing Ancient Stars, Visualization " 11371"of the Almagest Catalog</a>, 2006" 11372msgstr "" 11373"Ernie Wright: <a href=\"http://www.etwright.org/astro/almagest.html#cat\" " 11374"class='external text' rel=\"nofollow\"> Seeing Ancient Stars, Visualization " 11375"of the Almagest Catalog</a>, 2006" 11376 11377#. type: Content of: <p> 11378#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:497 11379msgid "" 11380"This sky culture originates from a student's year of research. We provide " 11381"this for free but authors of contributions certainly deserve to be cited " 11382"according to the common rules. This sky culture is provided under CC BY-ND " 11383"4.0 International Public Licence (share-alike, do not change it without " 11384"consulting the contributors, and cite the contributors). Thank you!" 11385msgstr "" 11386"Esta cultura do ceo ten a súa orixe na investigación dun estudante. " 11387"Ofrecémolo de xeito gratuíto pero os autores de contribucións merecen ser " 11388"citados segundo as regras comúns. Esta cultura do ceo inclúese baixo a " 11389"licenza pública internacional CC BY-ND 4.0 (igual, non a cambies sen " 11390"consultar e citar os colaboradores). Grazas!" 11391 11392#. type: Content of: <h2> 11393#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:502 11394msgid "Thanks" 11395msgstr "Grazas" 11396 11397#. type: Content of: <p> 11398#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:503 11399msgid "" 11400"The authors thank Patrick Gleason and Georg Zotti for English proofreading " 11401"and interesting discussions." 11402msgstr "" 11403"Os autores agradecen a Patrick Gleason e Georg Zotti a discusión interesante" 11404" e a lectura dende o inglés." 11405 11406#. type: Content of: <p> 11407#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:506 11408msgid "" 11409"This sky culture was compiled and added to Stellarium by Alina Schmidt, Lea " 11410"Jabschinski, Marie von Seggern and Susanne M. Hoffmann: service@uhura-" 11411"uraniae.com" 11412msgstr "" 11413"Esta cultura do ceo foi compilada e engadida a Stellarium por Alina Schmidt," 11414" Lea Jabschinski, Marie von Seggern e Susanne M. Hoffmann: service@uhura-" 11415"uraniae.com" 11416 11417#. type: Content of: <p> 11418#: ../../skycultures/greek_almagest/description.en.utf8:507 11419msgid "Written in English: the authors" 11420msgstr "Escrito en Inglés: os autores" 11421 11422#. type: Content of: <h1> 11423#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:1 11424msgid "The Globe of the Atlas Farnese Statue" 11425msgstr "O Globo da estatua de Atlas Farnese" 11426 11427#. type: Content of: <p> 11428#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:2 11429msgid "" 11430"This ancient Greek celestial culture is based on the marble globe of the " 11431"Atlas statue in the Villa Farnese (Naples). The statue dates to the 2nd " 11432"century AD, i.e. Roman times. However, it is a copy of an older Greek model," 11433" which itself has not survived." 11434msgstr "" 11435"Esta antiga cultura celeste grega está baseada no globo de mármore da " 11436"estatua do Atlas na Vila Farnese (Nápoles). A estatua data do século II " 11437"d.C., é dicir, época romana. Non obstante, é unha copia dun modelo grego " 11438"máis antigo que non sobreviviu." 11439 11440#. type: Content of: <p> 11441#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:3 11442msgid "" 11443"The marble globe only depicts figures and no stars. The globe has a diameter" 11444" of about 65 cm. The figures were not aligned according to exact point " 11445"coordinates, but in a grid: the ecliptic, the celestial equator, the tropics" 11446" and the polar circles provide orientation in terms of position in " 11447"\"latitude circles\" on the celestial sphere, while the coluric circles " 11448"provide a four-way division in \"longitude circles\". Ancient globe makers " 11449"used this very coarse-meshed grid to adjust the figure drawings." 11450msgstr "" 11451"O globo de mármore só representa figuras e non estrelas. O globo terráqueo " 11452"ten un diámetro duns 65 cm. As figuras non estaban aliñadas segundo " 11453"coordenadas puntuais exactas, senón nunha cuadrícula: a eclíptica, o ecuador" 11454" celeste, os trópicos e os círculos polares proporcionan orientación en " 11455"termos de posición nos \"círculos de latitude\" da esfera celeste, mentres " 11456"que os círculos colúricos proporcionan unha división de catro vías en " 11457"\"círculos de lonxitude\". Os fabricantes de globos antigos utilizaban esta " 11458"cuadrícula de malla moi grosa para axustar os debuxos das figuras." 11459 11460#. type: Content of: <p> 11461#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:4 11462msgid "" 11463"The images of the globe therefore clearly show that the stonemason who " 11464"created the globe had the popular doctrinal poem by Aratos of Soloi (~300 " 11465"BCE) in mind. There is no reason for the claim - often inflated by popular " 11466"science - that this marble globe was carved according to Hipparchus' star " 11467"catalogue. This thesis has been repeatedly raised over the past ~200 years, " 11468"but regularly dismissed: Both mathematical arguments and artistic " 11469"representations speak against it." 11470msgstr "" 11471"As imaxes do globo mostran claramente que o canteiro que creou o globo " 11472"terrestre tiña en mente o popular poema doutrinal de Aratos de Soloi (~ 300 " 11473"a.C.). Non hai ningunha razón - a miúdo inflada pola ciencia popular - para " 11474"afirmar que este globo de mármore foi esculpido segundo o catálogo de " 11475"estrelas de Hiparco. Esta tese foi plantexada repetidamente nos últimos ~ " 11476"200 anos, pero rexeitada regularmente: tanto os argumentos matemáticos coma " 11477"as representacións artísticas falan en contra." 11478 11479#. type: Content of: <p> 11480#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:6 11481msgid "" 11482"<i>Photograph of the reconstructed statue of the Atlas Farnese (Gabriel " 11483"Seah, CC BY-SA-3.0, 9. Juli 2006, Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Naples).</i>" 11484msgstr "" 11485"<i>Photograph of the reconstructed statue of the Atlas Farnese (Gabriel " 11486"Seah, CC BY-SA-3.0, 9. Juli 2006, Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Naples).</i>" 11487 11488#. type: Content of: <p> 11489#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:7 11490msgid "" 11491"Only the torso of the man was preserved and with broken elbows: everything " 11492"below the hip has been supplemented in a modern way. In this form, the " 11493"sculpture is 2.10 m high. The sculpture of the globe with constellations, " 11494"which is important for us, is original, but has a large hole at the north " 11495"pole - presumably it was anchored there to other parts of the architecture. " 11496"Therefore, the circumpolar constellations of the two she-bears and parts of " 11497"the dragon are missing." 11498msgstr "" 11499"Só se conservou o torso do home cos cóbados rotos: todo debaixo da cadeira " 11500"complementouse de xeito moderno. A escultura ten unha altura de 2,10 m. A " 11501"escultura do globo terráqueo con constelacións, que é importante para nós, é" 11502" orixinal, pero ten un gran burato no polo norte, presuntamente estaba " 11503"ancorada alí a outras partes da arquitectura. Polo tanto, faltan as " 11504"constelacións circumpolares das dúas osas e partes do dragón." 11505 11506#. type: Content of: <h2> 11507#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:9 11508msgid "How was this Sky Culture made?" 11509msgstr "Como se fixo esta cultura do ceo?" 11510 11511#. type: Content of: <p> 11512#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:10 11513msgid "" 11514"The illustrations of the individual figures were copied from the marble " 11515"globe as pencil sketches. Stellarium works with point coordinates of the " 11516"modern HIPPARCOS catalogue (produced by an astrometry satellite), so that " 11517"the historical drawings have to be locked at three points (stars) each. " 11518"Since this sometimes leads to distortions in historical figures (the marble " 11519"globe is not a perfect sphere, the figures were not fitted according to " 11520"point coordinates), this was done here \"by eye\" - just as by the " 11521"historical stonemason." 11522msgstr "" 11523"As ilustracións das figuras individuais copiáronse do globo de mármore como " 11524"borradores a lapis. Stellarium funciona coas coordenadas puntuais do " 11525"catálogo moderno HIPPARCOS (producido por un satélite de astrometría), de " 11526"xeito que os debuxos históricos teñen que estar ancorados en tres puntos " 11527"(estrelas) cada un. Dado que ás veces isto leva a distorsións en figuras " 11528"históricas (o globo de mármore non é unha esfera perfecta, as figuras non se" 11529" axustaban segundo as coordenadas dos puntos), isto fíxose aquí \"a ollo\", " 11530"igual que o canteiro histórico." 11531 11532#. type: Content of: <p> 11533#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:11 11534msgid "" 11535"The names of the constellations and individual stars were taken from the " 11536"Almagest star catalogue, which also dates from the 2nd century (i.e. the " 11537"reign of the Roman Emperor Hadrian) and - as was customary at the time - was" 11538" written in Greek as scientific literature." 11539msgstr "" 11540"Os nomes das constelacións e das estrelas individuais tomáronse do catálogo " 11541"de estrelas de Almagest, que tamén data do século II (é dicir, o reinado do " 11542"emperador romano Adriano) e - como era costume na época - foi escrito en " 11543"grego como literatura científica." 11544 11545#. type: Content of: <p> 11546#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:12 11547msgid "" 11548"The marble globe was a decorative element in a building, probably a " 11549"particularly elaborate capital. It has no scientific accuracy. Therefore, " 11550"some drawings in relief deviate from the exact star positions of the star " 11551"catalogue: e.g. the Twins (Gemini) are moved slightly to the side to show " 11552"the figure completely, although the lower part of this celestial region " 11553"would be covered by the hand of the Atlas statue. There are similar " 11554"distortions in the Scorpion." 11555msgstr "" 11556"O globo de mármore era un elemento decorativo nun edificio, probablemente un" 11557" capitel especialmente elaborado. Non ten exactitude científica. Polo tanto," 11558" algúns debuxos en relevo desvíanse das posicións das estrelas exactas do " 11559"catálogo de estrelas: por exemplo. os xemelgos (Gemini) móvense lixeiramente" 11560" para un lado para amosar a figura completamente, aínda que a parte inferior" 11561" desta rexión celeste estaría cuberta pola man da estatua do Atlas. Hai " 11562"distorsións similares no Escorpión." 11563 11564#. type: Content of: <p> 11565#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:13 11566msgid "" 11567"The following table lists the original Greek names of the constellations in " 11568"columns 2 and 3, and in column 4 the image on the globe." 11569msgstr "" 11570"A seguinte táboa enumera os nomes gregos orixinais das constelacións nas " 11571"columnas 2 e 3 e na columna 4 a imaxe do globo." 11572 11573#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 11574#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:18 11575msgid "<b>Original Name</b>" 11576msgstr "<b>Nome Orixinal</b>" 11577 11578#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 11579#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:19 11580#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:23 11581msgid "<b>Translation</b> (literally)" 11582msgstr "<b>Tradución</b> (literalmente)" 11583 11584#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 11585#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:20 11586#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:24 11587msgid "<b>Picture</b>" 11588msgstr "<b>Imaxe</b>" 11589 11590#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 11591#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:25 11592msgid "Little She-Bear" 11593msgstr "Pequena Osa" 11594 11595#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 11596#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:26 11597#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:32 11598#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:104 11599#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:140 11600#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:156 11601#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:163 11602#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:247 11603#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:253 11604#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:265 11605msgid "missing" 11606msgstr "desaparecida" 11607 11608#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 11609#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:38 11610msgid "only the head and one bend are depicted" 11611msgstr "só se representa a cabeza e unha curva" 11612 11613#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 11614#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:43 11615msgid "King Kepheus" 11616msgstr "Rei Kepheus" 11617 11618#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 11619#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:49 11620msgid "Ploughing Man" 11621msgstr "Home arando" 11622 11623#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 11624#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:55 11625msgid "Wreath" 11626msgstr "Coroa de flores" 11627 11628#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 11629#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:67 11630msgid "Lyre (a Greek instrument)" 11631msgstr "Lira (un instrumento grego)" 11632 11633#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 11634#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:73 11635#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:65 11636msgid "Bird [not specified]" 11637msgstr "Paxaro [non especificado]" 11638 11639#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 11640#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:79 11641#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:71 11642msgid "Queen Kassiepeia" 11643msgstr "Raíña Kassiepeia" 11644 11645#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 11646#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:97 11647msgid "Snake Carrier, Snake" 11648msgstr "Portador de serpes, Serpe" 11649 11650#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 11651#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:122 11652msgid "missing (stars belong to Dolphin)" 11653msgstr "faltan (estrelas pertencentes a Golfiño)" 11654 11655#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 11656#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:127 11657msgid "Horse [unnamed]" 11658msgstr "Cabalo [sen nome]" 11659 11660#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 11661#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:133 11662#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:107 11663msgid "Princess Andromeda" 11664msgstr "Princesa Andrómeda" 11665 11666#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 11667#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:163 11668#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:143 11669msgid "Cancer" 11670msgstr "Cancer" 11671 11672#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 11673#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:175 11674#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:155 11675msgid "Young Lady" 11676msgstr "Mociña" 11677 11678#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 11679#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:181 11680msgid "Claws [of the Scorpion carrying a Balance]" 11681msgstr "Poutas [do Escorpión que leva unha Balanza]" 11682 11683#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 11684#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:193 11685msgid "Archer (two legs: this is satyr Kroton, not the centaur Cheiron)" 11686msgstr "Arqueiro (dúas patas: este é o sátiro Kroton, non o centauro Cheiron)" 11687 11688#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 11689#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:199 11690msgid "the One with Horns of a Goat" 11691msgstr "O que ten cornos de cabra" 11692 11693#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 11694#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:205 11695msgid "Water-Pourer" 11696msgstr "Vertedor de Auga" 11697 11698#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 11699#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:211 11700msgid "Two Fishes" 11701msgstr "Dous Peixes" 11702 11703#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 11704#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:229 11705msgid "River [unnamed]" 11706msgstr "Río [sen nome]" 11707 11708#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 11709#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:247 11710msgid "The asterism before the Dog" 11711msgstr "O asterismo antes do Can" 11712 11713#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 11714#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:248 11715msgid "missing [covered by the hand of Atlas]" 11716msgstr "falta [cuberta pola man de Atlas]" 11717 11718#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 11719#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:259 11720msgid "Watersnake + Crater + Raven" 11721msgstr "Serpe de auga + Cráter + Corvo" 11722 11723#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 11724#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:271 11725msgid "Monster" 11726msgstr "Monstro" 11727 11728#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 11729#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:283 11730msgid "Southern Wreath" 11731msgstr "Coroa do Sur" 11732 11733#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 11734#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:290 11735msgid "missing [covered by the shoulder of Atlas]" 11736msgstr "falta [cuberta polo ombreiro de Atlas]" 11737 11738#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 11739#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:296 11740#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:285 11741msgid "" 11742"Hoffmann, S. M.: Hipparchs Himmelsglobus, Springer, Wiesbaden/ New York, " 11743"2017" 11744msgstr "" 11745"Hoffmann, S. M.: Hipparchs Himmelsglobus, Springer, Wiesbaden/ New York, " 11746"2017" 11747 11748#. type: Content of: <p> 11749#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:300 11750#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:289 11751msgid "" 11752"We provide this sky culture free of charge, but the authors deserve to be " 11753"cited according to the usual rules. This sky culture is provided under CC " 11754"BY-ND 4.0 International Public Licence (cite, share under equal terms, do " 11755"not modify without consulting the authors). Thank you!" 11756msgstr "" 11757"Proporcionamos esta cultura do ceo de balde, pero os autores merecen ser " 11758"citados segundo as regras habituais. Esta cultura do ceo ofrécese baixo a " 11759"licenza pública internacional CC BY-ND 4.0 (cite, comparta en igualdade de " 11760"condicións, non modifique sen consultar os autores). Grazas!" 11761 11762#. type: Content of: <p> 11763#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:303 11764msgid "" 11765"This sky culture was contributed to Stellarium by Susanne M. Hoffmann " 11766"(service@uhura-uraniae.com)." 11767msgstr "" 11768"Esta cultura do ceo foi achegada a Stellarium por Susanne M. Hoffmann " 11769"(service@uhura-uraniae.com)." 11770 11771#. type: Content of: <h5> 11772#: ../../skycultures/greek_farnese/description.en.utf8:305 11773msgid "the author" 11774msgstr "o autor" 11775 11776#. type: Content of: <h1> 11777#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:1 11778msgid "Leiden Aratea" 11779msgstr "Leiden Aratea" 11780 11781#. type: Content of: <p> 11782#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:2 11783msgid "" 11784"This is a manuscript from the Carolingian period, two copies of which are " 11785"known so far. One was found in Metz (France), the other in Leiden " 11786"(Netherlands). It dates to the reign of the Carolingian king Louis the Pious" 11787" (778-840), who may have been the patron himself (or his wife)." 11788msgstr "" 11789"Trátase dun manuscrito do período carolinxio, do que se coñecían ata agora " 11790"dúas copias. Un atopouse en Metz (Francia), o outro en Leiden (Países " 11791"Baixos). Data do reinado do rei carolinxio Luís o Piadoso (778-840), que " 11792"puido ser o propio financiador (ou a súa muller)." 11793 11794#. type: Content of: <p> 11795#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:3 11796msgid "" 11797"The manuscript was probably created around 816 to 825 in Aachen or Metz " 11798"(Lorraine) and was made with such expensive material that a royal patron is " 11799"suspected. It comprises 99 parchment leaves, each of which measures 22.5 by " 11800"20.0 cm (i.e. approximately square with the width of DIN A4). In addition to" 11801" graphic representations of planetary orbits and other didactic " 11802"visualisations, this manuscript also contains 35 full-page miniatures " 11803"depicting the ancient figures behind the constellations." 11804msgstr "" 11805"O manuscrito creouse probablemente arredor do 816 ou o 825 en Aquisgrán ou " 11806"Metz (Lorena) e foi feito con material tan caro que se sospeita dun " 11807"finaciamento real. Comprende 99 follas de pergamiño, cada unha das cales " 11808"mide 22,5 por 20,0 cm (é dicir, aproximadamente cadrada co ancho de DIN A4)." 11809" Ademais de representacións gráficas de órbitas planetarias e outras " 11810"visualizacións didácticas, este manuscrito tamén contén 35 miniaturas de " 11811"páxina completa que representan as figuras antigas detrás das constelacións." 11812 11813#. type: Content of: <p> 11814#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:4 11815msgid "" 11816"The figures are drawn from a non-preserved Roman model, but not from a " 11817"globe, so that there is no fit to the stars. The stars themselves are only " 11818"symbolically distributed on the figures, i.e. the number of stars per figure" 11819" is marked in the manuscript in the form of applied gold leaves. The gold " 11820"leaves, however, are not located at the true places of the stars in view of " 11821"the figure in the sky, but are only indicated summarily. Elly Decker's essay" 11822" discusses her proposed identifications in detail." 11823msgstr "" 11824"As figuras están extraídas dun modelo romano non conservado, pero non dun " 11825"globo terráqueo, de xeito que non hai axuste das estrelas. As estrelas en si" 11826" só se distribúen simbolicamente nas figuras, é dicir, o número de estrelas " 11827"por figura márcase no manuscrito en forma de follas de ouro aplicadas. Non " 11828"obstante, as follas de ouro non se atopan nos verdadeiros lugares das " 11829"estrelas á vista da figura do ceo, senón que só se indican de forma " 11830"resumida. O ensaio de Elly Decker discute en detalle as identificacións que " 11831"propón." 11832 11833#. type: Content of: <p> 11834#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:6 11835msgid "" 11836"<i>A sample page from the medieval manuscript shows the three cushion images" 11837" Draco, Ursa Maior and Ursa Minor with the text opposite.</i>" 11838msgstr "" 11839"<i>Unha páxina de mostra do manuscrito medieval mostra as tres imaxes do " 11840"coxín Draco, Ursa Maior e Ursa Minor co texto oposto.</i>" 11841 11842#. type: Content of: <h2> 11843#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:8 11844msgid "How this Sky Culture was made" 11845msgstr "Como se fixo esta Cultura do Ceo" 11846 11847#. type: Content of: <p> 11848#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:9 11849msgid "" 11850"The illustrations of the individual figures were taken directly from the " 11851"manuscript (provided by Prof. D. Blume, Jena, for planetarium applications)." 11852" Stellarium works with point coordinates for stars in the catalogue of the " 11853"astrometry satellite HIPPARCOS, so that the historical drawings have to be " 11854"locked at three points each. Some of the flat book illustrations had to be " 11855"distorted slightly on the planetarium dome to fit the stars. Except for the " 11856"illustration of Scorpius and Ophiuchus, an approximate adjustment was " 11857"possible." 11858msgstr "" 11859"As ilustracións das figuras individuais tomáronse directamente do manuscrito" 11860" (proporcionadas polo profesor D. Blume, Jena, para aplicacións de " 11861"planetario). Stellarium funciona con coordenadas puntuais para as estrelas " 11862"no catálogo do satélite de astrometría HIPPARCOS, de xeito que os debuxos " 11863"históricos teñen que estar ancorados en tres puntos cada un. Algunhas das " 11864"ilustracións de libros planos tiveron que distorsionarse lixeiramente na " 11865"cúpula do planetario para axustarse ás estrelas. Salvo a ilustración de " 11866"Escorpio e Ofiúco, foi posible un axuste aproximado." 11867 11868#. type: Content of: <p> 11869#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:10 11870msgid "" 11871"In a planetarium dome, i.e. against a dark background, the dark blue and " 11872"black parts of the manuscript are not recognisable. That is why these parts " 11873"(e.g. the crab as a figure, the horns of the ibex, the goats of the " 11874"carter...) were colour-inverted. The female bears, which are supposed to be " 11875"dark, have only been shifted slightly into the red. How the image looks in " 11876"the original (with its lapis lazuli blue background and the original dark " 11877"colours) is shown in the table below." 11878msgstr "" 11879"Nunha cúpula de planetario, é dicir, contra un fondo escuro, as partes azul " 11880"escuro e negras do manuscrito non se recoñecen. É por iso que estas partes " 11881"(por exemplo, o cangrexo como figura, os cornos da cabra montesa, as cabras " 11882"do carreteiro ...) foron invertidas na cor. As osas femia, que se supón que " 11883"son escuras, só se cambiaron lixeiramente ó vermello. Na táboa seguinte " 11884"móstrase o aspecto da imaxe no orixinal (co seu fondo azul lapislázuli e as " 11885"cores escuras orixinais)." 11886 11887#. type: Content of: <p> 11888#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:11 11889msgid "" 11890"There are some constellations in the Leiden Aratea, in particular Cen + Lup," 11891" Vir, Lib are leaving a huge gap in the sky. Both, Virgo and Centaur are " 11892"probably not painted because the painter thought it were variants of the " 11893"images of Sgr (Cen) and And (Vir). The artist of the Leiden Aratea never " 11894"mapped the images onto the stars. In order to make these depictions " 11895"understandable for us, I mapped them in Stellarium and added the names and " 11896"stickfigures of the constellations and the names of individual stars from " 11897"the Almagest. The Almagest is a book of mathematical astronomy of the 2nd " 11898"century (i.e. the reign of the Roman Emperor Hadrian) while Aratos's poem " 11899"describes a much earlier (~300 BCE) Greek sky culture. Both, the Almagest " 11900"and the poem, are written in Greek originally but the Leiden Aratea " 11901"presumably refers to a Latin translation of Aratus' poem and Roman artwork." 11902msgstr "" 11903"Hai algunhas constelacións en Leiden Aratea, en particular Cen + Lup, Vir, " 11904"Lib que deixan un enorme oco no ceo. Ambos, Virgo e Centauro, probablemente " 11905"non estean pintados porque o pintor pensou que eran variantes das imaxes de " 11906"Sgr (Cen) e And (Vir). O artista de Leiden Aratea nunca debuxou nas estrelas" 11907" imaxes. Para que estas representacións fosen comprensibles para min, " 11908"mapeinas en Stellarium e engadín os nomes e as figuras das constelacións e " 11909"os nomes de estrelas individuais do Almagest. O Almagest é un libro de " 11910"astronomía matemática do século II (é dicir, o reinado do emperador romano " 11911"Adriano) mentres que o poema de Aratos describe unha cultura do ceo grega " 11912"moi anterior (~ 300 a.C.). Ambos, o Almagest e o poema, están escritos en " 11913"grego orixinalmente, pero o Leiden Aratea presuntamente refírese a unha " 11914"tradución latina do poema de Aratus e das obras de arte romanas." 11915 11916#. type: Content of: <p> 11917#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:17 11918msgid "" 11919"The following table lists the original names of the constellations in " 11920"columns 2 and 3. constellations, in column 4 the illustration in the " 11921"manuscript." 11922msgstr "" 11923"A seguinte táboa lista os nomes orixinais das constelacións nas columnas 2 e" 11924" 3, constelacións, na columna 4 a ilustración do manuscrito." 11925 11926#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 11927#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:21 11928msgid "<b>Latin Name, Abbreviation</b>" 11929msgstr "<b>Nome latino, Abreviatura</b>" 11930 11931#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 11932#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:22 11933msgid "<b>Original Greek Name</b>" 11934msgstr "<b>Nome Orixinal Grego</b>" 11935 11936#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 11937#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:29 11938msgid "Little She-Bear, Great She-Bear, Dragon (Latin) / Snake (Greek)" 11939msgstr "Osa pequena, gran osa, dragón (latín) / serpe (grego)" 11940 11941#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 11942#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:41 11943msgid "Ox driver (Latin), Ploughing Man (Greek)" 11944msgstr "Condutor de boi (latín), Home fo arado (grego)" 11945 11946#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 11947#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:47 11948msgid "Crown (Latin), Wreath (Greek)" 11949msgstr "Coroa (latín), coroa de flores (grego)" 11950 11951#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 11952#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:53 11953msgid "Hercules (Latin), Kneeler (Greek)" 11954msgstr "Hércules (latín), Xeonllo (grego)" 11955 11956#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 11957#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:53 11958msgid "" 11959"The star between the legs is a well-known mistake in the picture: for this " 11960"figure the draughtsman obviously took Bootes as a model; leg position, " 11961"shepherd's crook (instead of club for Hercules) and star between the knees " 11962"are the same." 11963msgstr "" 11964"A estrela entre as pernas é un erro ben coñecido na imaxe: para esta figura," 11965" o debuxante obviamente tomou a Bootes como modelo; a posición das pernas, o" 11966" caxato de pastor (en vez de porra para Hércules) e a estrela entre os " 11967"xeonllos son iguais." 11968 11969#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 11970#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:77 11971#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:149 11972#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:168 11973#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:228 11974#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:234 11975msgid "mirrored depiction" 11976msgstr "representación especular" 11977 11978#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 11979#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:87 11980#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:88 11981#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:166 11982#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:167 11983msgid "and" 11984msgstr "e" 11985 11986#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 11987#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:89 11988msgid "Eagle with Arrow" 11989msgstr "Aguia con Frecha" 11990 11991#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 11992#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:95 11993msgid "" 11994"In the Greek original (Aratos, ~300 BCE), there was no constellation " 11995"Equuleus. The Farnese Globe (as well as the Mainz Globe and the Kugel Globe)" 11996" depicts the Dolphin rather largely, covering the space of Equ. That is why " 11997"I chose to follow this Aratean tradition also for the Leiden Aratea." 11998msgstr "" 11999"No orixinal grego (Aratos, ~ 300 a.C.), non había ningunha constelación " 12000"Equuleus. O Globo Farnese (así como o Globo de Mainz e o Globo Kugel) " 12001"representa o Golfiño en gran parte, cubrindo o espazo de Equ. Por iso " 12002"escollín seguir esta tradición arateana tamén para o Leiden Aratea." 12003 12004#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 12005#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:101 12006msgid "Pegasus (name of a winged horse; Latin), a Horse (Greek)" 12007msgstr "Pegaso (nome dun cabalo alado; latín), un Cabalo (grego)" 12008 12009#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 12010#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:119 12011msgid "" 12012"(jumping through a ring which is a symbol for the year; Roman new year was " 12013"in spring)." 12014msgstr "" 12015"(saltando por un anel que é un símbolo do ano; o ano novo romano era en " 12016"primavera)." 12017 12018#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 12019#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:131 12020msgid "The Pleiades" 12021msgstr "As Pléiades" 12022 12023#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 12024#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:131 12025msgid "or Seven Sisters" 12026msgstr "ou Sete Irmás" 12027 12028#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 12029#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:143 12030msgid "<i>The cancer was lightened.</i>" 12031msgstr "<i>O cangrexo foi alixeirado.</i>" 12032 12033#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 12034#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:155 12035msgid "" 12036"Apparently, the manuscript only contains one drawing for figures that are " 12037"depicted twice: like Sagittarius is depicted as centaur and the " 12038"constellation Centaur is missing, Andromeda is painted as young lady but the" 12039" second young lady for the constellation of Virgo is missing." 12040msgstr "" 12041"Ó parecer, o manuscrito só contén un debuxo para figuras que se representan " 12042"dúas veces: deste xeito Arqueiro é representado como centauro e falta a " 12043"constelación Centauro, Andrómeda está pintada como unha moza pero falta a " 12044"segunda moza da constelación de Virgo." 12045 12046#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 12047#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:161 12048msgid "" 12049"Balance (Latin, since 1st century CE in Geminos and Manilius; transferred in" 12050" a style epoch of Babylonian revival)," 12051msgstr "" 12052"Balanza (latín, dende o século I d.C. en Geminos e Manilius; transferido " 12053"nunha época de estilo de renacemento babilónico)," 12054 12055#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 12056#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:162 12057msgid "Claws [of the Scorpion] (Greek)" 12058msgstr "Poutas [do Escorpión] (grego)" 12059 12060#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 12061#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:162 12062msgid "The claws of the Scorpion indeed to cover this area." 12063msgstr "As poutas do Escorpión cobren esta zona." 12064 12065#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 12066#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:168 12067msgid "Snake Carrier and Scorpion (both in the zodiac ever since)" 12068msgstr "O que leva a serpe e Escorpión (ambos no zodíaco dende entón)" 12069 12070#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 12071#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:180 12072msgid "The Goat-Horned One" 12073msgstr "A dos cornos de cabra" 12074 12075#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 12076#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:186 12077msgid "Water Pourer" 12078msgstr "O que verte a auga" 12079 12080#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 12081#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:186 12082msgid "mirrored depiction (although front view)" 12083msgstr "representación especular (aínda que vista de fronte)" 12084 12085#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 12086#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:192 12087msgid "Fishes" 12088msgstr "Peixes" 12089 12090#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 12091#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:198 12092msgid "a Sea Monster named Cetus" 12093msgstr "Un monstro mariño chamado Cetus" 12094 12095#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 12096#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:204 12097msgid "<i>mirrored depiction</i>" 12098msgstr "<i>representación especular</i>" 12099 12100#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 12101#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:204 12102msgid "" 12103"The Hare in this depiction had been deleted and replaced by the Hare from " 12104"his own single-page painting." 12105msgstr "" 12106"A lebre desta representación fora eliminada e substituída pola lebre da súa " 12107"propia pintura dunha soa páxina." 12108 12109#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 12110#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:210 12111msgid "the river Eridanus (Latin), an unnamed River (Greek);" 12112msgstr "o río Eridanus (Latín), un Río sen nome (Grego);" 12113 12114#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 12115#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:210 12116msgid "here a river god is depicted" 12117msgstr "aquí represéntase o deus río" 12118 12119#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 12120#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:216 12121msgid "" 12122"<i>shown twice: once between Orion's legs, once separately; for the " 12123"visualisation we have removed the hare between Orion's legs. The separately " 12124"illustrated hare runs in the direction of writing, but the hare between " 12125"Orion's legs runs in the direction of the true course of the sun. The " 12126"constellation figure should therefore be thought of as mirrored in relation " 12127"to the illustration in the book: this can be seen in the sketch of the hare " 12128"between Orion's legs.</i>" 12129msgstr "" 12130"<i>amosado dúas veces: unha entre as pernas de Orión e outra por separado; " 12131"para a visualización eliminamos a lebre entre as pernas de Orión. A lebre " 12132"ilustrada por separado corre na dirección da escritura, pero a lebre entre " 12133"as pernas de Orión corre na dirección do verdadeiro curso do sol. Polo " 12134"tanto, a figura da constelación debería considerarse como espello en " 12135"relación coa ilustración do libro: pódese ver no esbozo da lebre entre as " 12136"pernas de Orión.</i>" 12137 12138#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 12139#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:222 12140msgid "mirrored depiction of a little dog" 12141msgstr "representación especular dun can pequeno" 12142 12143#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 12144#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:228 12145msgid "The star in front of the dog" 12146msgstr "A estrela diante do can pequeno" 12147 12148#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 12149#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:228 12150msgid "" 12151"(an asterism of three stars forming a small dog is already mentioned by " 12152"Eratosthenes, but the name of the figure was always \"Prokyon\"). Procyon is" 12153" a Greek term (with \"k\") latinized." 12154msgstr "" 12155"(Eratóstenes xa menciona un asterismo de tres estrelas que forman un can " 12156"pequeno, pero o nome da figura sempre foi \"Prokyon\"). Procyon é un termo " 12157"grego (con \"k\") latinizado." 12158 12159#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 12160#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:240 12161msgid "Water Snake, a particular vessel (crater), Raven" 12162msgstr "Serpe de auga, un recipiente particular (cráter), Corvo" 12163 12164#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 12165#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:246 12166msgid "" 12167"apparently the constellations that are double have been painted only once: " 12168"Sagittarius is depicted as centaur in the manuscript, the constellation " 12169"Centaurus (a centaur with a sacrificial animal) is not depicted" 12170msgstr "" 12171"ó parecer, as constelacións que son dobres só se pintaron unha vez: Arqueiro" 12172" é representado como centauro no manuscrito, a constelación Centaurus (un " 12173"centauro cun animal sacrificado) non se representa" 12174 12175#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 12176#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:246 12177msgid "(likewise, Andromeda is depicted but not Virgo)" 12178msgstr "(do mesmo xeito, Andromeda está representada pero non Virxe)" 12179 12180#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 12181#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:252 12182msgid "monster" 12183msgstr "monstro" 12184 12185#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 12186#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:252 12187msgid "" 12188"(in the Greek original (Aratos, ~300 BCE), Lupus is not a standalone " 12189"constellation but a composite of the constellation of Centaurus that is " 12190"missing here)." 12191msgstr "" 12192"(no orixinal grego (Aratos, ~ 300 a.C.), Lupus non é unha constelación " 12193"autónoma senón unha parte da constelación de Centauro que falta aquí)." 12194 12195#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 12196#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:264 12197msgid "Southern Crown (Latin), Southern Wreath (Greek)" 12198msgstr "Coroa do Sur (Latín), Coroa de flores do Sur (Grego)" 12199 12200#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 12201#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:270 12202msgid "(had been \"Great Fish\" for Eratosthenes and Aratus in Greek)" 12203msgstr "(fora \"Gran Peixe\" para Eratóstenes e Aratus en grego)" 12204 12205#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 12206#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:270 12207msgid "" 12208"It is so darkly drawn here that you would not recognise it in the stars. " 12209"That is why the colours have been dipped into a blue-green scheme instead of" 12210" the original red-purple one." 12211msgstr "" 12212"Está debuxado aquí tan escuro que non o recoñecerías entre as estrelas. É " 12213"por iso que as cores se mesturaron nun esquema azul-verde en lugar do " 12214"orixinal vermello-púrpura." 12215 12216#. type: Content of: <h3> 12217#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:276 12218msgid "For the Aratea itself:" 12219msgstr "Para o propio Aratea:" 12220 12221#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 12222#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:278 12223msgid "" 12224"Blume, Dieter; Haffner, Mechthild; Metzger, Wolfgang: Sternbilder des " 12225"Mittelalters und der Renaissance: Porträts aus der Geschichte der " 12226"Leibnizschen Wissenschaftsakademie, Band I-II, de Gruyter, 2012-2016" 12227msgstr "" 12228"Blume, Dieter; Haffner, Mechthild; Metzger, Wolfgang: Sternbilder des " 12229"Mittelalters und der Renaissance: Porträts aus der Geschichte der " 12230"Leibnizschen Wissenschaftsakademie, Band I-II, de Gruyter, 2012-2016" 12231 12232#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 12233#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:279 12234msgid "" 12235"Dekker, Elly: The Provenance of the Stars in the Leiden Aratea Picture Book," 12236" Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes Vol. 73 (2010), pp. 1-37" 12237msgstr "" 12238"Dekker, Elly: The Provenance of the Stars in the Leiden Aratea Picture Book," 12239" Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes Vol. 73 (2010), pp. 1-37" 12240 12241#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 12242#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:280 12243msgid "" 12244"Katzenstein, Ranee and Savage-Smith, Emily: The Leiden Aratea — " 12245"Ancient Constellations in a medieval manuscript, The Paul Getty Museum, " 12246"Malibu California, 1988" 12247msgstr "" 12248"Katzenstein, Ranee and Savage-Smith, Emily: The Leiden Aratea — " 12249"Ancient Constellations in a medieval manuscript, The Paul Getty Museum, " 12250"Malibu California, 1988" 12251 12252#. type: Content of: <h3> 12253#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:282 12254msgid "For Ptolemaios (in comparison): Almagest star catalogue" 12255msgstr "Para Ptolemaios (en comparación): catálogo de estrelas Almagest " 12256 12257#. type: Content of: <p> 12258#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:292 12259msgid "" 12260"This sky culture was added to Stellarium by Susanne M. Hoffmann " 12261"(service@uhura-uraniae.com) and originally created in collaboration with " 12262"Prof. Dr. Dieter Blume (Art History, FSU Jena, Germany) for Planetarium " 12263"Jena." 12264msgstr "" 12265"Esta cultura do ceo foi engadida a Stellarium por Susanne M. Hoffmann " 12266"(service@uhura-uraniae.com) e creada orixinalmente en colaboración co " 12267"profesor Dr. Dieter Blume (Historia da arte, FSU Jena, Alemaña) para " 12268"Planetarium Jena." 12269 12270#. type: Content of: <h5> 12271#: ../../skycultures/greek_leidenAratea/description.en.utf8:294 12272msgid "the authors" 12273msgstr "os autores" 12274 12275#. type: Content of: <h2> 12276#: ../../skycultures/hawaiian_starlines/description.en.utf8:1 12277msgid "Hawaiian Starlines" 12278msgstr "Liñas de estrelas hawaianas" 12279 12280#. type: Content of: <p> 12281#: ../../skycultures/hawaiian_starlines/description.en.utf8:2 12282msgid "" 12283"These are the star lines developed by Nainoa Thompson and used by the " 12284"Polynesian Voyaging Society to navigate Polynesian sailing canoes using " 12285"traditional techniques of non instrument navigation across thousands of " 12286"miles of open ocean. For years, Hawaiian navigators have memorized the " 12287"position of stars as they rise and set in order to know oneʻs bearing. " 12288"Wayfinder Nainoa Thompson developed a system of organization to help " 12289"memorize the position of stars throughout the celestial sphere by dividing " 12290"the sky into four evenly sized star lines." 12291msgstr "" 12292"Estas son as liñas de estrelas desenvolvidas por Nainoa Thompson e " 12293"empregadas pola Polynesian Voyaging Society para navegar en canoas de vela " 12294"pola polinesia utilizando técnicas tradicionais de navegación sen " 12295"instrumentos a través de miles de quilómetros de océano aberto. Durante " 12296"anos, os navegantes hawaianos memorizaron a posición das estrelas cando se " 12297"elevan e estudaron o seu movemento. Wayfinder Nainoa Thompson desenvolveu un" 12298" sistema de organización para axudar a memorizar a posición das estrelas en " 12299"toda a esfera celeste dividindo o ceo en catro liñas de estrelas de tamaño " 12300"uniforme." 12301 12302#. type: Content of: <h2> 12303#: ../../skycultures/hawaiian_starlines/description.en.utf8:8 12304msgid "History" 12305msgstr "Historia" 12306 12307#. type: Content of: <p> 12308#: ../../skycultures/hawaiian_starlines/description.en.utf8:9 12309msgid "" 12310"The knowledge of Hawaiian star navigation has been passed down orally for " 12311"many generations. Much of the knowledge regarding stars and navigation " 12312"were lost until the Hawaiian Renaissance in the early 1970s. Polynesian " 12313"Voyage Society (PVS), founded in 1973, created Hokule’a in 1975. Hokule’a " 12314"is a traditional Hawaiian voyaging canoe with the mission to revive the art " 12315"of way finding. A man from Satawal, Micronesia named Mau Piailug was a " 12316"master navigator/wayfinder. The knowledge of wayfinding and using the sky " 12317"to navigate was passed down to Mau from his ancestors. Nainoa Thompson, " 12318"current President of PVS, asked Mau to teach his knowledge of navigation to " 12319"him with the intention of reviving the knowledge that was once lost to the " 12320"Hawaiians. With the knowledge learned from Mau, the Hawaiian star compass " 12321"and star lines were created." 12322msgstr "" 12323"O coñecemento da navegación de estrelas hawaiana foi transmitido oralmente " 12324"por moitas xeracións. Boa parte do coñecemento sobre as estrelas e a " 12325"navegación perdeuse ata o Renacemento hawaiano a principios dos anos 70. A " 12326"Sociedade Polinesia de Viaxes (PVS), fundada en 1973, creou a Hokule'a en " 12327"1975. Hokule é unha canoa tradicional de viaxe hawaiana coa misión de " 12328"revivir a arte de descubrir. Un home de Satawal en Micronesia chamado Mau " 12329"Piailug, era un mestre navegador / descubridor. O coñecemento de usar o ceo " 12330"para navegar foi transmitido a Mau dos seus antepasados. Nainoa Thompson, " 12331"actual presidente da PVS, pediulle a Mau que lle ensinase os seus " 12332"coñecementos de navegación coa intención de devolver o coñecemento que se " 12333"perdeu ós hawaianos. Co coñecemento aprendido de Mau, creáronse o compás e " 12334"as liñas de estrelas hawaianas." 12335 12336#. type: Content of: <h2> 12337#: ../../skycultures/hawaiian_starlines/description.en.utf8:19 12338msgid "Star Lines" 12339msgstr "Liñas de estrelas" 12340 12341#. type: Content of: <p> 12342#: ../../skycultures/hawaiian_starlines/description.en.utf8:20 12343msgid "" 12344"Each star line is a group of main stars that will be remembered by the " 12345"navigators. The stars connect making constellations. Navigators remember " 12346"the rising/setting houses of these stars, the stars that connect in each " 12347"line, and the lines that point directly to North and South. The star lines’" 12348" position in the night sky slowly change over time, each starline being more" 12349" prevalent at night according to the season. The star lines with their " 12350"according season are as follows:" 12351msgstr "" 12352"Cada liña de estrelas é un grupo de estrelas principais que serán recordados" 12353" polos navegantes. As estrelas conéctanse facendo constelacións. Os " 12354"navegantes recordan as casas nacentes / fixadoras destas estrelas, as " 12355"estrelas que se conectan en cada liña e as liñas que apuntan directamente ao" 12356" norte e ó sur. A posición das liñas de estrelas no ceo nocturno cambia " 12357"lentamente co paso do tempo, sendo cada estrela máis predominante pola noite" 12358" segundo a estación. As liñas de estrelas, coa súa estación, son as " 12359"seguintes:" 12360 12361#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 12362#: ../../skycultures/hawaiian_starlines/description.en.utf8:27 12363msgid "November to April" 12364msgstr "De novembro a abril" 12365 12366#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 12367#: ../../skycultures/hawaiian_starlines/description.en.utf8:28 12368msgid "April to July" 12369msgstr "De abril a xullo" 12370 12371#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 12372#: ../../skycultures/hawaiian_starlines/description.en.utf8:29 12373msgid "May to October" 12374msgstr "De maio a outubro" 12375 12376#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 12377#: ../../skycultures/hawaiian_starlines/description.en.utf8:30 12378msgid "September to February" 12379msgstr "De setembro a febreiro" 12380 12381#. type: Content of: <p> 12382#: ../../skycultures/hawaiian_starlines/description.en.utf8:35 12383msgid "" 12384"The direct translation means the “Bailer of <em>Makali’i</em>”. The lines " 12385"are shaped as a canoe bailer which scoops <em>Ka Hei-Hei o Na Keiki</em> " 12386"(Orion) and <em>Makali’i</em> (Pleiades) up into the night sky. In voyaging" 12387" a bailer is used to scoop up water out of the hulls." 12388msgstr "" 12389"A tradución directa significa o “Achicador de <em>Makali’i</em>”. As liñas " 12390"debúxanse coma un achicador da auga da canoa que usan <em>Ka Hei-Hei o Na " 12391"Keiki</em> (Orion) e <em>Makali’i</em> (Pleiades) no ceo nocturno. Na viaxe " 12392"úsase un achicador para sacar a auga do barco." 12393 12394#. type: Content of: <p> 12395#: ../../skycultures/hawaiian_starlines/description.en.utf8:38 12396msgid "" 12397"The main stars of <em>Ke Ka o Makali’i</em> from North to South are " 12398"<em>Hokulei</em> (Capella), <em>Nanamua</em> (Castor), <em>Nanahope</em> " 12399"(Pollux), <em>Puana</em> (Procyon), and <em>‘A’a</em> (Sirius). These stars" 12400" connect together to create the bailer in the sky. Mintaka in Orion is an " 12401"important star in this line because it rises/sets directly east or west " 12402"giving the navigator an easy pointer star for direction. Mirzim (next to " 12403"<em>‘A’a</em> (Sirius)) and <em>Ke Ali’i Kona i Ka Lewa</em> (Canopus) " 12404"connect together to create a southern pointer. <em>‘Ekekeuehuehu</em> " 12405"(θ Aur, Mahasim) and <em>‘Ekekeu’ena’ena</em> (β Aur, Menkalinan)" 12406" connect to create a northern pointer. Different north/south pointers are " 12407"found in the star lines and used heavily by navigators." 12408msgstr "" 12409"As estrelas principais de <em>Ke Ka o Makali’i</em> de norte a sur son " 12410"<em>Hokulei</em> (Capella), <em>Nanamua</em> (Castor), <em>Nanahope</em> " 12411"(Pollux), <em>Puana</em> (Procyon), e <em>‘A’a</em> (Sirius). Estas " 12412"estrelas conéctanse para crear o achicador no ceo. Mintaka en Orion é unha " 12413"estrela importante nesta liña porque sae / ponse directamente polo leste ou " 12414"oeste, dándolle ao navegante unha estrela punteira fácil para a dirección. " 12415"Mirzim (xunto a <em>‘A’a</em> (Sirius)) e <em>Ke Ali’i Kona i Ka Lewa</em> " 12416"(Canopus) únense para crear un punteiro no sur. <em>‘Ekekeuehuehu</em> " 12417"(θ Aur, Mahasim) e <em>‘Ekekeu’ena’ena</em> (β Aur, Menkalinan) " 12418"conéctanse para crear un punteiro no norte. Na liña de estrelas hai " 12419"diferentes punteiros norte e sur, moi utilizados polos navegantes." 12420 12421#. type: Content of: <p><p><p> 12422#: ../../skycultures/hawaiian_starlines/description.en.utf8:46 12423msgid "" 12424"<em>Ka Iwikuamo’o</em> translates to the backbone (directly: Bone back-" 12425"lizard). This star line is depicted as the backbone of a lizard or " 12426"<em>mo’o</em> in this sky culture. It can also be representing a " 12427"genealogical backbone, each star representing a generation." 12428msgstr "" 12429"<em>Ka Iwikuamo’o</em> tradúcese por espiñazo (directamente: Óso traseiro-" 12430"lagarto). Esta liña estrela preséntase como a columna vertebral dun lagarto" 12431" ou <em>mo’o</em> nesta cultura do ceo. Tamén pode estar representando unha" 12432" columna vertebral xenealóxica, cada estrela representaría unha xeración." 12433 12434#. type: Content of: <p><p><p> 12435#: ../../skycultures/hawaiian_starlines/description.en.utf8:50 12436msgid "" 12437"The star line itself starts with <em>Hokupa’a</em> (North Star), the " 12438"ultimate northern pointer due to the star never moving in the sky, always " 12439"above north. <em>Hokupa’a</em> connects down to <em>Na Hiku</em> (Big " 12440"Dipper). <em>Na Hiku</em> translates to “The Seven” as there is seven stars " 12441"in the Big Dipper. <em>Hokule’a</em> (Arcturus) and <em>Hikianalia</em> " 12442"(Spica) are the two stars in the middle of the star line. The two PVS " 12443"canoes are named after these two stars. <em>Hokule’a</em> is the “zenith” " 12444"star of Hawai’i, meaning it will be directly overhead when you are at the " 12445"latitude of the Hawaiian Islands. <em>Hokule’a</em> is very important to " 12446"navigators on finding their way back to Hawai’i. The meaning of " 12447"<em>Hokule’a</em> is “the star of gladness” because it is the star used to " 12448"find home bringing joy. Next to <em>Hikianalia</em> is <em>Me’e</em>, a " 12449"combination of four stars that create a box. <em>Me’e</em> connects down to" 12450" <em>Hanaiakamalama</em> (Southern Cross) which is the southern pointer for " 12451"<em>Ka Iwikuamo’o</em>." 12452msgstr "" 12453"A liña de estrelas comeza por <em>Hokupa’a</em> (Estrela do Norte), o " 12454"punteiro do norte, dado que esta estrela nunca se move no ceo e está sempre " 12455"no norte. <em>Hokupa’a</em> conéctase a <em>Na Hiku</em> (Gran Cullerón). " 12456"<em>Na Hiku</em> tradúcese por “Os Sete” xa que hai sete estrelas no Gran " 12457"Cullerón. <em>Hokule’a</em> (Arcturus) e <em>Hikianalia</em> (Spica) son as" 12458" dúas estrelas no medio da liña de estrelas. As dúas canoas da PVS teñen o " 12459"nome destas dúas estrelas. <em>Hokule’a</em> é a estrela \"cénit\" de " 12460"Hawai, o que significa que estará directamente sobre a cabeza cando se estea" 12461" na latitude das Illas Hawai. <em>Hokule’a</em> é moi importante para os " 12462"navegantes para atopar o camiño de volta a Hawai. O significado de " 12463"<em>Hokule’a</em> é \"a estrela da alegría\" porque é a estrela usada para " 12464"atopar a casa, o que trae ledicia. Xunto a <em>Hikianalia</em> está " 12465"<em>Me’e</em>, unha combinación de catro estrelas que forman unha caixa. " 12466"<em>Me’e</em> conecta con <em>Hanaiakamalama</em> (Cruz do Sur) que é o " 12467"indicador sur de <em>Ka Iwikuamo’o</em>." 12468 12469#. type: Content of: <p><p><p> 12470#: ../../skycultures/hawaiian_starlines/description.en.utf8:61 12471msgid "" 12472"<em>Manaiakalani</em> translates to “The Chief's Fishline”. This refers to " 12473"the legend of the demi god Maui and his fish hook. Maui is credited for " 12474"pulling up the islands with his magical fish hook." 12475msgstr "" 12476"<em>Manaiakalani</em> tradúcese como \"A liña de pesca do xefe\". Isto " 12477"refírese á lenda do semideus Maui e o seu anzol. Maui ten fama de ter " 12478"levantado as illas co seu anzol máxico." 12479 12480#. type: Content of: <p><p><p> 12481#: ../../skycultures/hawaiian_starlines/description.en.utf8:64 12482msgid "" 12483"This star line consists of two constellations. The Navigator’s Triangle on " 12484"the north and Maui’s fish hook on the south. The Navigator’s Triangle is " 12485"made of three stars <em>Hawaiki</em> (Deneb), <em>Keoe</em> (Vega), and " 12486"<em>Humu</em> (Altair). (It is the same figure as the Summer Triangle for " 12487"modern amateur astronomers.) These stars also represent the Polynesian " 12488"triangle: Hawai’i (<em>Hawaiki</em>), Rapanui (<em>Keoe</em>), and Aotearoa " 12489"(<em>Humu</em>). These three islands are pulled by the fish hook of Maui " 12490"(Scorpius)." 12491msgstr "" 12492"Esta liña de estrelas consta de dúas constelacións. O triángulo do navegante" 12493" ó norte e o anzol de Maui polo sur. O triángulo do navegante está formado " 12494"por tres estrelas <em>Hawaiki</em> (Deneb), <em>Keoe</em> (Vega), e " 12495"<em>Humu</em> (Altair). (É a mesma figura có Triángulo de Verán para os " 12496"astrónomos afeccionados modernos.) Estas estrelas tamén representan o " 12497"triángulo polinesio: Hawai (<em>Hawaiki</em>), Rapanui (<em>Keoe</em>), e " 12498"Aotearoa (<em>Humu</em>). Estas tres illas son tiradas polo anzol de Maui " 12499"(Scorpius)." 12500 12501#. type: Content of: <p><p><p> 12502#: ../../skycultures/hawaiian_starlines/description.en.utf8:70 12503msgid "" 12504"The northern pointer is found in the Navigator’s Triangle when you connect " 12505"<em>Hawaiki</em> (Deneb) and <em>Momonapikowalu</em> (γ Cyg, Sadr). " 12506"Southern pointers are in the fish hook when you connect <em>Mili’opu</em> " 12507"(δ Sco, Dschubba) and <em>Kahe</em> (π Sco, Nur), the stars on the " 12508"top of the hook." 12509msgstr "" 12510"O punteiro norte atópase no triángulo do navegante ó conectar " 12511"<em>Hawaiki</em> (Deneb) e <em>Momonapikowalu</em> (γ Cyg, Sadr). Os " 12512"punteiros do sur son o anzol ó conectar <em>Mili’opu</em> (δ Sco, " 12513"Dschubba) e <em>Kahe</em> (π Sco, Nur), as estrelas na parte superior do " 12514"anzol." 12515 12516#. type: Content of: <p><p><p> 12517#: ../../skycultures/hawaiian_starlines/description.en.utf8:74 12518msgid "" 12519"<em>Ka Lupe o Kawelo</em> translates to “The Kite of Kawelo”. Kawelo was a " 12520"great chief of Kaua’i and O’ahu and this star line represents the kite which" 12521" was lost as a child." 12522msgstr "" 12523"<em>Ka Lupe o Kawelo</em> tradúcese como \"A Cometa de Kawelo\". Kawelo era " 12524"un gran xefe de Kaua e O’ahu e esta liña de estrelas representa a cometa que" 12525" perdeu de pequeno." 12526 12527#. type: Content of: <p><p><p> 12528#: ../../skycultures/hawaiian_starlines/description.en.utf8:76 12529msgid "" 12530"The star line starts with <em>‘Iwakeli’i</em>, meaning Chief Frigate Bird " 12531"(<em>Fregata Minor</em>). The shape of this constellation (which is " 12532"Cassiopeia's W in the West) resembles the <em>‘iwa</em> bird that is known " 12533"for leading voyagers to land. The center of the star line is the Kite of " 12534"Kawelo (equal to the Great Square of Pegasus). The four stars that make the" 12535" kite are named after Kawelo’s greatest ancestors: <em>Manokalanipo</em> " 12536"(δ Peg, Alpheratz), <em>Kakuhihewa</em> (β Peg, Scheat), " 12537"<em>Pi’ilani</em> (γ Peg, Algenib), and <em>Keawe</em> (α Peg, " 12538"Markab). All four were famous chiefs of their time. The star line then " 12539"connects south to two stars <em>Pi’ikea</em> (β Cet, Deneb Kaitos) and " 12540"<em>Kukaniloko</em> (α PsA, Fomalhaut)." 12541msgstr "" 12542"A liña de estrelas con <em>‘Iwakeli’i</em> significa paxaro fragata " 12543"(<em>Fragata Minor</em>). A forma desta constelación (que se atopa no W de " 12544"Cassiopeia no oeste) aseméllase ó paxaro <em>‘iwa</em> que é coñecido por " 12545"levar a terra os viaxeiros. O centro da liña de estrelas é a Cometa de " 12546"Kawelo (igual á Gran Praza de Pegasus). As catro estrelas que forman a " 12547"cometa teñen o nome de maiores ancestros de Kawelo:<em>Manokalanipo</em> " 12548"(δ Peg, Alpheratz), <em>Kakuhihewa</em> (β Peg, Scheat), " 12549"<em>Pi’ilani</em> (γ Peg, Algenib), e <em>Keawe</em> (α Peg, " 12550"Markab). Os catro foron xefes famosos da súa época. A liña de estrelas " 12551"conecta ó sur dúas estrelas <em>Pi’ikea</em> (β Cet, Deneb Kaitos) e " 12552"<em>Kukaniloko</em> (α PsA, Fomalhaut)." 12553 12554#. type: Content of: <p><p><p> 12555#: ../../skycultures/hawaiian_starlines/description.en.utf8:83 12556msgid "" 12557"The northern pointer is found in <em>Manokalanipo</em> (δ Peg, " 12558"Alpheratz) and <em>Kealohalani-po-keao</em> (β Cas, Caph) of " 12559"<em>‘Iwakeli’i</em>. The southern pointer is connected with <em>Keawe</em> " 12560"(α Peg, Markab) and <em>Kukaniloko</em> (α PsA, Fomalhaut)." 12561msgstr "" 12562"O punteiro do norte atópase en <em>Manokalanipo</em> (δ Peg, " 12563"Alpheratz) e <em>Kealohalani-po-keao</em> (β Cas, Caph) de " 12564"<em>‘Iwakeli’i</em>. O punteiro do sur conéctase con <em>Keawe</em> " 12565"(α Peg, Markab) e <em>Kukaniloko</em> (α PsA, Fomalhaut)." 12566 12567#. type: Content of: <p><p><ul><li> 12568#: ../../skycultures/hawaiian_starlines/description.en.utf8:88 12569msgid "<a href=\"http://hokulea.com\">Polynesian Voyaging Society</a>" 12570msgstr "<a href=\"http://hokulea.com\">Polynesian Voyaging Society</a>" 12571 12572#. type: Content of: <p><p><ul><li> 12573#: ../../skycultures/hawaiian_starlines/description.en.utf8:89 12574msgid "" 12575"<a " 12576"href=\"http://pvs.kcc.hawaii.edu/ike/hookele/hawaiian_star_lines.html\">Hawaiian" 12577" Voyaging Society</a>" 12578msgstr "" 12579"<a " 12580"href=\"http://pvs.kcc.hawaii.edu/ike/hookele/hawaiian_star_lines.html\">Hawaiian" 12581" Voyaging Society</a>" 12582 12583#. type: Content of: <p><p><ul><li> 12584#: ../../skycultures/hawaiian_starlines/description.en.utf8:90 12585msgid "<a href=\"http://www.imiloahawaii.org/71/star-paths\">Imiloa</a>" 12586msgstr "<a href=\"http://www.imiloahawaii.org/71/star-paths\">Imiloa</a>" 12587 12588#. type: Content of: <p><p><ul><li> 12589#: ../../skycultures/hawaiian_starlines/description.en.utf8:91 12590msgid "" 12591"<a " 12592"href=\"http://archive.hokulea.com/ike/hookele/hawaiian_star_lines.html\">Hawaiian" 12593" Star Lines and Names for Stars</a>" 12594msgstr "" 12595"<a " 12596"href=\"http://archive.hokulea.com/ike/hookele/hawaiian_star_lines.html\">Hawaiian" 12597" Star Lines and Names for Stars</a>" 12598 12599#. type: Content of: <p><p> 12600#: ../../skycultures/hawaiian_starlines/description.en.utf8:94 12601msgid "" 12602"The Hawaiian Star Compass landscape which should be used with this " 12603"skyculture is available at the <a " 12604"href=\"https://stellarium.org/landscapes.html\">Stellarium Landscapes</a> " 12605"collection." 12606msgstr "" 12607"A paisaxe do compás da estrela hawaiana, que se debe empregar con esta " 12608"cultura do ceo está accesible na colección <a " 12609"href=\"https://stellarium.org/landscapes.html\">Paisaxes de Stellarium</a>." 12610 12611#. type: Content of: <p><p><h2> 12612#: ../../skycultures/hawaiian_starlines/description.en.utf8:96 12613msgid "Background and Acknowledgements" 12614msgstr "Antecedentes e agradecementos" 12615 12616#. type: Content of: <p><p><p> 12617#: ../../skycultures/hawaiian_starlines/description.en.utf8:98 12618msgid "" 12619"The <em>master navigator</em> behind this sky culture was Mau Piailug of " 12620"Satawal, who taught the Polynesian art of celestial navigation to Nainoa " 12621"Thompson, who developed this version of the sky culture that was used from " 12622"2013-17 by Hawaiians to sail around the world during the Malama Honua Voyage" 12623" of Hokule’a, the Polynesian voyaging canoe. Stellarium has been used as a " 12624"tool by the navigators of Hokule’a and this sky culture serves as a tool for" 12625" practicing Polynesian navigation." 12626msgstr "" 12627"O <em>mestre navegante</em> desta cultura do ceo foi Mau Piailug, de " 12628"Satawal, que ensinou a arte polinesia da navegación celeste a Nainoa " 12629"Thompson, quen desenvolveu esta versión da cultura do ceo que foi utilizada " 12630"polos hawaianos desde 2013-17 para navegar polo mundo durante a Malama Honua" 12631" Voyage de Hokule'a, a canoa de viaxe polinesia. Stellarium foi usado como " 12632"ferramenta polos navegantes de Hokule e esta cultura do ceo serve como " 12633"ferramenta para practicar a navegación polinesia." 12634 12635#. type: Content of: <p><p><p> 12636#: ../../skycultures/hawaiian_starlines/description.en.utf8:102 12637msgid "" 12638"The technical implementation of the sky culture included here was " 12639"contributed in 2017 by teachers Darren Kamalu and Christopher Blake, " 12640"Students Jonah Apo, Nicholas Koanui, Brenden Aila and the Celestial " 12641"Navigation class at Kamehameha Schools Kapalama, Honolulu, Hawai’i. Artwork" 12642" by Kealoha Kaneakua." 12643msgstr "" 12644"A implementación técnica da cultura do ceo incluída aquí foi achegada polos " 12645"profesores Darren Kamalu e Christopher Blake, os estudantes Jonah Apo, " 12646"Nicholas Koanui, Brenden Aila e a clase de navegación celeste nas escolas " 12647"Kamehameha Kapalama, Honolulu, Hawai. Obras artísticas de Kealoha Kaneakua." 12648 12649#. type: Content of: <h2> 12650#: ../../skycultures/indian/description.en.utf8:1 12651msgid "Indian Vedic" 12652msgstr "Védica indú" 12653 12654#. type: Content of: <p> 12655#: ../../skycultures/indian/description.en.utf8:2 12656msgid "" 12657"Vedic sky culture with some commonly known constellations related to " 12658"Nakṣatra-s." 12659msgstr "" 12660"Cultura do ceo vedico con algunhas constelacións comunmente relacionadas con" 12661" Nakṣatra-s." 12662 12663#. type: Content of: <p> 12664#: ../../skycultures/indian/description.en.utf8:6 12665msgid "" 12666"The sidereal zodiac is an imaginary belt of 360 degrees (like the tropical " 12667"zodiac), divided into 12 equal parts. Each twelfth part (of 30 degrees) is " 12668"called a sign or rashi. Their names are shown in (brackets)." 12669msgstr "" 12670"O zodíaco sideral é un cinturón imaxinario de 360 graos (como o zodíaco " 12671"tropical), dividido en 12 partes iguais. Cada duodécima parte (de 30 graos) " 12672"chámase signo ou rashi. Os seus nomes móstranse entre parénteses." 12673 12674#. type: Content of: <p> 12675#: ../../skycultures/indian/description.en.utf8:7 12676msgid "" 12677"In stellarium, we show Rāśi constellations attached to the corresponding " 12678"asterisms, and not as divisions of the ecliptic offset away from their " 12679"original locations to account for precession." 12680msgstr "" 12681"En stellarium, amosamos as constelacións de Rāśi unidas ós asterismos " 12682"correspondentes e non como divisións da eclíptica desprazadas das súas " 12683"localizacións orixinais para explicar a precesión." 12684 12685#. type: Content of: <p> 12686#: ../../skycultures/indian/description.en.utf8:8 12687msgid "" 12688"In traditional astronomy there are two systems of measuring time - Lunar " 12689"Calender & Solar calender. In both cases one year is divided into 12 months " 12690"or \"māsā\". Name of the solar months originated from these constellation' " 12691"names." 12692msgstr "" 12693"Na astronomía tradicional hai dous sistemas de medición do tempo: o " 12694"calendario lunar e o calendario solar. Nos dous casos un ano divídese en 12 " 12695"meses ou \"māsā\". O nome dos meses solares orixinouse a partir destes nomes" 12696" das constelacións." 12697 12698#. type: Content of: <p> 12699#: ../../skycultures/indian/description.en.utf8:11 12700msgid "" 12701"In Hindu tradition the ecliptic is divided into 27 parts of approximately " 12702"13°20\", which correspond with 27 asterisms known as the nakṣatra-s (full " 12703"list, with western equivalents here: https://goo.gl/2PVi28 ). In the " 12704"earliest extant layers of the tradition this number is 28. This division is " 12705"critical for several purposes including timing rituals and determining the " 12706"birth lunar mansions. Since these asterisms define an area in the sky, they " 12707"are also technically constellations." 12708msgstr "" 12709"Na tradición hindú, a eclíptica divídese en 27 partes de aproximadamente " 12710"13°20\", que se corresponden con 27 asterismos coñecidos como os nakṣatra-s " 12711"(listaxe completa con equivalentes occidentais aquí: https://goo.gl/2PVi28)." 12712" Nas primeiras etapas desta tradición este número é 28. Esta división é " 12713"fundamental para varios propósitos, incluíndo rituais de cronometraxe e " 12714"determinar as mansións lunares de nacemento; xa que estes asterismos definen" 12715" unha zona no ceo, tamén son constelacións tecnicamente." 12716 12717#. type: Content of: <p> 12718#: ../../skycultures/indian/description.en.utf8:12 12719msgid "" 12720"sUrya-siddhAnta and vedAnga-jyotiSha specify start coordinates for the " 12721"13°20\" divisions using some stars (Please see penultimate paragraph in <a " 12722"href=\"https://archive.org/stream/HistoryOfCalendarPanchangaCommittee/History-" 12723"of-Calendar-Panchanga-Committee#page/n42/mode/1up\">this page</a>)" 12724msgstr "" 12725"sUrya-siddhAnta e vedAnga-jyotiSha especifican as coordenadas de inicio para" 12726" as divisións de 13°20\" usando algunhas estrelas (Consultar o penúltimo " 12727"parágrafo en <a " 12728"href=\"https://archive.org/stream/HistoryOfCalendarPanchangaCommittee/History-" 12729"of-Calendar-Panchanga-Committee#page/n42/mode/1up\">esta páxina</a>)" 12730 12731#. type: Content of: <p> 12732#: ../../skycultures/indian/description.en.utf8:13 12733msgid "" 12734"The earliest complete nakṣatra lists are found in the Taittirīya-śruti and " 12735"the Atharvaveda where they are recited as part of the nakṣatreṣṭi ritual " 12736"which places the deities of pantheon in these celestial compartments. Some " 12737"scholars opine that the tradition shows that by the early medieval period, " 12738"the nakṣatra identification had changed to a small degree from the Vedic " 12739"period." 12740msgstr "" 12741"As primeiras listaxes completas de nakṣatra atópanse no Taittirīya-śruti e " 12742"no Atharvaveda onde son recitadas como parte do ritual nakṣatreṣṭi que sitúa" 12743" as deidades do panteón nestes compartimentos celestes. Algúns estudiosos " 12744"opinan que a tradición demostra que no período medieval temperán, a " 12745"identificación nakṣatra cambiara moi pouco dende o período védico." 12746 12747#. type: Content of: <p> 12748#: ../../skycultures/indian/description.en.utf8:14 12749msgid "" 12750"There are multiple rich mythologies and symbolisms associated with the same " 12751"constellations and stars (Example: <a " 12752"href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jq__DXtfeXw\">Raj Vedam on " 12753"Rohini</a>) - it wouldn't do to rely on one to the exclusion of others " 12754"during translation or truncated description. Hence we stick to etymological " 12755"translations; and rather than including long mythological accounts here, " 12756"just suggest that interested readers delve into them separately. (See " 12757"references below.)" 12758msgstr "" 12759"Hai múltiples e richas mitoloxías e simbolismos asociados ás mesmas " 12760"constelacións e estrelas (exemplo: <a " 12761"href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jq__DXtfeXw\">Raj Vedam en " 12762"Rohini</a>) - non sería bo fiarse dun e excluír a outros durante a tradución" 12763" ou descrición truncada. De aí que nos ateñamos ás traducións etimolóxicas; " 12764"e en lugar de incluír aquí longas relacións mitolóxicas, só se indica que os" 12765" lectores interesados afonden neles por separado. (Ver referencias a " 12766"continuación.)" 12767 12768#. type: Content of: <p> 12769#: ../../skycultures/indian/description.en.utf8:15 12770msgid "" 12771"Name of the lunar months originated from those 12 divisions' names in which " 12772"full moon or \"Purnimā\" occurs. Unlike a solar day which defined by a " 12773"sunrise to next sunrise, a lunar day or moon's position in a nakshatra " 12774"doesn't depends on sun rising or moon rising. Thus a lunar day may start in " 12775"any time of a solar day. Like other ancient human cultures, vedic people " 12776"innovated a number of systems of which intercalary lunar months became most " 12777"used, that is adding another month every 32.5 months on average or 4 months " 12778"in every 11 years to correct the mismatch between lunar and solar year." 12779msgstr "" 12780"O nome dos meses lunares orixinouse nos nomes das 12 divisións nas que se " 12781"produce a lúa chea ou \"Purnimā\". A diferenza dun día solar, definido dende" 12782" un amencer ó seguinte amanecer, un día lunar ou a posición da lúa nun " 12783"nakshatra non depende da saída do sol ou a saída da luna. Así, un día lunar " 12784"pode comezar en calquera momento dun día solar. Do mesmo xeito que outras " 12785"culturas humanas antigas, as persoas védicas innovaron unha serie de " 12786"sistemas dos que se empregaron os meses lunares intercalarios, é dicir, " 12787"engádese outro mes cada 32,5 meses de media ou 4 meses cada 11 anos para " 12788"corrixir o desaxuste entre o ano lunar e o ano solar." 12789 12790#. type: Content of: <p> 12791#: ../../skycultures/indian/description.en.utf8:16 12792msgid "" 12793"A few of the yogatārā-s or prominent asterisms in the nakṣatra-s (going by " 12794"their mainstream identification) lie slightly outside their constellation " 12795"boundaries - in which case, any resultant problem (with regards to ritual " 12796"timing or astrology) should be solved by other means (some people propose " 12797"alternate identifications for such yogatārā-s)." 12798msgstr "" 12799"Algúns dos iogatārā-s ou asterismos destacados nos nakṣatra-s (de acordo coa" 12800" súa identificación principal) atópanse lixeiramente fóra dos límites da " 12801"constelación - nese caso, calquera problema resultante (no que se refire á " 12802"cronoloxía ritual ou á astroloxía) debería ser resolto por outros medios " 12803"(algunhas persoas propoñen identificacións alternativas para tales " 12804"iogatārā-s)." 12805 12806#. type: Content of: <h3> 12807#: ../../skycultures/indian/description.en.utf8:18 12808msgid "Navagraha - Nine \"planets\"" 12809msgstr "Navagraha - Nove \"planetas\"" 12810 12811#. type: Content of: <p> 12812#: ../../skycultures/indian/description.en.utf8:19 12813msgid "" 12814"They observed that some celestial body moves independently relative to " 12815"background stars and named them \"planets\" or \"graha\". As such The sun " 12816"and moon are also treated as graha. They also named the lunar nodes as " 12817"graha-s as these points are very important to calculate the eclipses. Name " 12818"of vedic days originated from these planet's names." 12819msgstr "" 12820"Observaron que algún corpo celeste se move independentemente con relación ás" 12821" estrelas de fondo e chamáronlles \"planetas\" ou \"graha\". Como tal, o sol" 12822" e a lúa tamén son tratados como graha. Tamén lle chamaron ós nodos lunares " 12823"graha-s xa que estes puntos son moi importantes para calcular os eclipses. O" 12824" nome dos días védicos orixinouse a partir dos nomes destes planetas." 12825 12826#. type: Content of: <table><tr><th> 12827#: ../../skycultures/indian/description.en.utf8:22 12828msgid "Graha" 12829msgstr "Graha" 12830 12831#. type: Content of: <table><tr><th> 12832#: ../../skycultures/indian/description.en.utf8:22 12833#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:45 12834msgid "Designation" 12835msgstr "Designación" 12836 12837#. type: Content of: <table><tr><th> 12838#: ../../skycultures/indian/description.en.utf8:22 12839msgid "Name of Solar days" 12840msgstr "Nome dos días solares" 12841 12842#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 12843#: ../../skycultures/indian/description.en.utf8:23 12844msgid "(Sun)" 12845msgstr "(Sol)" 12846 12847#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 12848#: ../../skycultures/indian/description.en.utf8:23 12849msgid "Sun God" 12850msgstr "Deus Sol" 12851 12852#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 12853#: ../../skycultures/indian/description.en.utf8:23 12854msgid "(Sunday)" 12855msgstr "(Domingo)" 12856 12857#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 12858#: ../../skycultures/indian/description.en.utf8:24 12859msgid "(Moon)" 12860msgstr "(Lúa)" 12861 12862#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 12863#: ../../skycultures/indian/description.en.utf8:24 12864msgid "Moon god" 12865msgstr "Deus da Lúa" 12866 12867#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 12868#: ../../skycultures/indian/description.en.utf8:24 12869msgid "(Monday)" 12870msgstr "(Luns)" 12871 12872#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 12873#: ../../skycultures/indian/description.en.utf8:25 12874msgid "(Mars)" 12875msgstr "(Marte)" 12876 12877#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 12878#: ../../skycultures/indian/description.en.utf8:25 12879msgid "God of war" 12880msgstr "Deus da guerra" 12881 12882#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 12883#: ../../skycultures/indian/description.en.utf8:25 12884msgid "(Tuesday)" 12885msgstr "(Martes)" 12886 12887#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 12888#: ../../skycultures/indian/description.en.utf8:26 12889msgid "(Mercury)" 12890msgstr "(Mercurio)" 12891 12892#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 12893#: ../../skycultures/indian/description.en.utf8:26 12894msgid "Son of Moon" 12895msgstr "Fillo da Lúa" 12896 12897#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 12898#: ../../skycultures/indian/description.en.utf8:26 12899msgid "(Wednesday)" 12900msgstr "(Mércores)" 12901 12902#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 12903#: ../../skycultures/indian/description.en.utf8:27 12904msgid "(Jupiter)" 12905msgstr "(Xúpiter)" 12906 12907#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 12908#: ../../skycultures/indian/description.en.utf8:27 12909msgid "Teacher of Gods" 12910msgstr "Mestre dos Deuses" 12911 12912#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 12913#: ../../skycultures/indian/description.en.utf8:27 12914msgid "(Thursday)" 12915msgstr "(Xoves)" 12916 12917#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 12918#: ../../skycultures/indian/description.en.utf8:28 12919msgid "(Venus)" 12920msgstr "(Venus)" 12921 12922#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 12923#: ../../skycultures/indian/description.en.utf8:28 12924msgid "Mentor of Demons" 12925msgstr "Mentor de Demos" 12926 12927#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 12928#: ../../skycultures/indian/description.en.utf8:28 12929msgid "(Friday)" 12930msgstr "(Venres)" 12931 12932#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 12933#: ../../skycultures/indian/description.en.utf8:29 12934msgid "(Saturn)" 12935msgstr "(Saturno)" 12936 12937#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 12938#: ../../skycultures/indian/description.en.utf8:29 12939msgid "God of Misfortune" 12940msgstr "Deus do Infortunio" 12941 12942#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 12943#: ../../skycultures/indian/description.en.utf8:29 12944msgid "(Saturday)" 12945msgstr "(Sábado)" 12946 12947#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 12948#: ../../skycultures/indian/description.en.utf8:30 12949#: ../../skycultures/indian/description.en.utf8:31 12950msgid "lunar node" 12951msgstr "nodo lunar" 12952 12953#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 12954#: ../../skycultures/indian/description.en.utf8:30 12955#: ../../skycultures/indian/description.en.utf8:31 12956msgid "-" 12957msgstr "-" 12958 12959#. type: Content of: <h4> 12960#: ../../skycultures/indian/description.en.utf8:36 12961msgid "General" 12962msgstr "Xeral" 12963 12964#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 12965#: ../../skycultures/indian/description.en.utf8:38 12966msgid "" 12967"<a href=\"https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/नक्षत्रम्\" class='external text' " 12968"rel=\"nofollow\">Nakshatra</a> article at Sanskrit Wikipedia" 12969msgstr "" 12970"<a href=\"https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/नक्षत्रम्\" class='external text' " 12971"rel=\"nofollow\">Nakshatra</a> artigo en sánscrito Wikipedia" 12972 12973#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 12974#: ../../skycultures/indian/description.en.utf8:39 12975msgid "" 12976"<a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakshatra\" class='external text' " 12977"rel=\"nofollow\">Nakshatra</a> article at English Wikipedia" 12978msgstr "" 12979"<a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakshatra\" class='external text' " 12980"rel=\"nofollow\">Nakshatra</a> artigo en inglés Wikipedia" 12981 12982#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 12983#: ../../skycultures/indian/description.en.utf8:40 12984msgid "" 12985"<a " 12986"href=\"https://archive.org/stream/HistoryOfCalendarPanchangaCommittee/History-" 12987"of-Calendar-Panchanga-Committee#page/n77/mode/2up\" class='external text' " 12988"rel=\"nofollow\">History Of Calendar-Panchanga Committee Report</a>" 12989msgstr "" 12990"<a " 12991"href=\"https://archive.org/stream/HistoryOfCalendarPanchangaCommittee/History-" 12992"of-Calendar-Panchanga-Committee#page/n77/mode/2up\" class='external text' " 12993"rel=\"nofollow\">Historia do calendario-Panchanga Committee Report</a>" 12994 12995#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 12996#: ../../skycultures/indian/description.en.utf8:41 12997msgid "" 12998"<a " 12999"href=\"http://www.tifr.res.in/~archaeo/papers/Others/Possible%20period%20of%20the%20design%20of%20Nakshatras.pdf\"" 13000" class='external text'> \"Possible period of the design of Nakshatras and " 13001"Abhijit\"</a>" 13002msgstr "" 13003"<a " 13004"href=\"http://www.tifr.res.in/~archaeo/papers/Others/Possible%20period%20of%20the%20design%20of%20Nakshatras.pdf\"" 13005" class='external text'> \"Posible período de debuxos Nakshatras e " 13006"Abhijit\"</a>" 13007 13008#. type: Content of: <h4> 13009#: ../../skycultures/indian/description.en.utf8:44 13010msgid "Mythology" 13011msgstr "Mitoloxía" 13012 13013#. type: Content of: outside any tag (error?) 13014#: ../../skycultures/indian/description.en.utf8:45 13015msgid "Much of the below is available online for free at archive.org." 13016msgstr "" 13017"Gran parte do seguinte está dispoñible en liña de balde en archive.org." 13018 13019#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 13020#: ../../skycultures/indian/description.en.utf8:48 13021msgid "" 13022"Secondary references such as: Purana Encyclopedia, Purana Index, Mahabharata" 13023" Index, Vedic Indix" 13024msgstr "" 13025"Referencias secundarias como: Enciclopedia Purana, Índice Purana, Índice " 13026"Mahabharata, Índice Védico" 13027 13028#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 13029#: ../../skycultures/indian/description.en.utf8:49 13030#: ../../skycultures/indian/description.en.utf8:54 13031msgid "Vedas, Agamas" 13032msgstr "Vedas, Agamas" 13033 13034#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 13035#: ../../skycultures/indian/description.en.utf8:50 13036msgid "" 13037"<a href=\"https://archive.org/details/vedicchronologya033083mbp/page/n5\" " 13038"class='external text'> Vedic Chronology And Vedanga Jyotisha by Bala " 13039"Gangadhar Tilak</a>" 13040msgstr "" 13041"<a href=\"https://archive.org/details/vedicchronologya033083mbp/page/n5\" " 13042"class='external text'> Vedic Chronology And Vedanga Jyotisha de Bala " 13043"Gangadhar Tilak</a>" 13044 13045#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 13046#: ../../skycultures/indian/description.en.utf8:51 13047msgid "" 13048"<a href=\"https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.5110\" class='external " 13049"text'> Orion The Antiquity Of The Vedas by Bala Gangadhar Tilak</a>" 13050msgstr "" 13051"<a href=\"https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.5110\" class='external " 13052"text'> Orion The Antiquity Of The Vedas de Bala Gangadhar Tilak</a>" 13053 13054#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 13055#: ../../skycultures/indian/description.en.utf8:52 13056msgid "" 13057"<a href=\"https://archive.org/details/arctichm/page/n21/mode/2up\" " 13058"class='external text'> The Arctic Home in the Vedas by Bal Gangadhar " 13059"Tilak</a>" 13060msgstr "" 13061"<a href=\"https://archive.org/details/arctichm/page/n21/mode/2up\" " 13062"class='external text'> The Arctic Home in the Vedas de Bal Gangadhar " 13063"Tilak</a>" 13064 13065#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 13066#: ../../skycultures/indian/description.en.utf8:53 13067msgid "" 13068"<a href=\"https://archive.org/details/HamletsMill\" class='external " 13069"text'>Hamlet's Mill: An Essay on Myth & the Frame of Time by Giorgio de " 13070"Santillana, Hertha von Dechend</a>" 13071msgstr "" 13072"<a href=\"https://archive.org/details/HamletsMill\" class='external " 13073"text'>Hamlet's Mill: An Essay on Myth & the Frame of Time de Giorgio de " 13074"Santillana, Hertha von Dechend</a>" 13075 13076#. type: Content of: <h3> 13077#: ../../skycultures/indian/description.en.utf8:58 13078msgid "Contributors" 13079msgstr "Contribuidores" 13080 13081#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 13082#: ../../skycultures/indian/description.en.utf8:60 13083msgid "Tanmoy Saha" 13084msgstr "Tanmoy Saha" 13085 13086#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 13087#: ../../skycultures/indian/description.en.utf8:61 13088msgid "" 13089"Contributors from the <a href=\"https://github.com/sanskrit-" 13090"coders\">sanskrit-coders community</a> (esp <a " 13091"href=\"https://github.com/vvasuki/\">Vishvas Vasuki</a>." 13092msgstr "" 13093"Contribuidores da <a href=\"https://github.com/sanskrit-coders\">comunidade " 13094"de codificadores de sánscrito</a> (esp <a " 13095"href=\"https://github.com/vvasuki/\">Vishvas Vasuki</a>." 13096 13097#. type: Content of: <h2> 13098#: ../../skycultures/inuit/description.en.utf8:1 13099msgid "Inuit" 13100msgstr "Inuit" 13101 13102#. type: Content of: <p> 13103#: ../../skycultures/inuit/description.en.utf8:2 13104msgid "" 13105"The Inuit sky culture files available for Stellarium are an adaptation of " 13106"John MacDonald's research in his book <b>The Arctic Sky: Inuit Astronomy, " 13107"Star Lore and Legend</b>. While placements and specifics of Inuit " 13108"constellations might differ from tribe to tribe, the information in " 13109"Stellarium presents the constellations and general themes of the arctic " 13110"universe." 13111msgstr "" 13112"Os arquivos da cultura do ceo inuit dispoñibles para Stellarium son unha " 13113"adaptación da investigación de John MacDonald no seu libro \"The Arctic Sky:" 13114" Inuit Astronomy, Star Lore e Legend\". Aínda que as ubicacións e " 13115"especificidades das constelacións inuit poden diferir de tribo a tribo, a " 13116"información en Stellarium presenta as constelacións e temas xerais do " 13117"universo ártico." 13118 13119#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 13120#: ../../skycultures/inuit/description.en.utf8:27 13121msgid "" 13122"<a href=\"http://www.amazon.com/Arctic-Sky-Inuit-Astronomy-" 13123"Legend/dp/0888544278\">The Arctic Sky, Inuit Astronomy, Star Lore and " 13124"Legend</a> book at amazon.com" 13125msgstr "" 13126"<a href=\"http://www.amazon.com/Arctic-Sky-Inuit-Astronomy-" 13127"Legend/dp/0888544278\">The Arctic Sky, Inuit Astronomy, Star Lore and " 13128"Legend</a> libro en amazon.com" 13129 13130#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 13131#: ../../skycultures/inuit/description.en.utf8:28 13132msgid "<a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inuit_astronomy\">Wikipedia</a>" 13133msgstr "<a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inuit_astronomy\">Wikipedia</a>" 13134 13135#. type: Content of: <p> 13136#: ../../skycultures/inuit/description.en.utf8:32 13137msgid "" 13138"This sky culture was contributed by <i>Karrie Berglund</i> of Digitalis " 13139"Education Solutions, Inc. based primarily on the book <b>The Arctic Sky: " 13140"Inuit Astronomy, Star Lore and Legend</b> by John MacDonald." 13141msgstr "" 13142"A esta cultura do ceo contribuíu <i>Karrie Berglund</i> de Digitalis " 13143"Education Solutions, Inc. basándose sobre todo no libro <b>The Arctic Sky: " 13144"Inuit Astronomy, Star Lore and Legend</b> de John MacDonald." 13145 13146#. type: Content of: <p> 13147#: ../../skycultures/inuit/description.en.utf8:34 13148msgid "" 13149"Illustrations are done by Johan Meuris, released under the Free Art License." 13150msgstr "" 13151"As ilustracións foron feitas por Johan Meuris, baixo Free Art License." 13152 13153#. type: Content of: <h2> 13154#: ../../skycultures/japanese_moon_stations/description.en.utf8:1 13155msgid "Japanese Moon Stations" 13156msgstr "Estacións da Lúa Xaponesas" 13157 13158#. type: Content of: <p> 13159#: ../../skycultures/japanese_moon_stations/description.en.utf8:2 13160msgid "" 13161"Most astronomical observation in the Japan until the Meiji Restoration was " 13162"closely tied to astrological purposes. For ancient Chinese and later Korean" 13163" and Japanese cartographers four seasons and four cardinal directions is " 13164"marked as four talismanic animals - the Azure Dragon of the East (Spring), " 13165"the Red Bird of the South (Summer), the White Tiger of the West (Fall), and " 13166"the \"Genbu\" (Black Tortoise) of the North (Winter). Corresponding to each " 13167"of the talismanic animals the celestial \"palaces\" were seven <em>sei " 13168"shuku</em> or what are sometimes called \"lunar lodges\". The moon " 13169"\"stations\" or \"lodges\" probably may be used to determine position of sun" 13170" and planets as well as the moon, and their number may or may not have been " 13171"related to the period of the moon's orbit. Origins of these associations are" 13172" obscure and even controversial." 13173msgstr "" 13174"A maioría das observacións astronómicas do Xapón ata a Restauración Meiji " 13175"estiveron intimamente ligadas a fins astrolóxicos. Para os antigos chineses," 13176" e logo para coreanos e xaponeses, as catro estacións e os catro puntos " 13177"cardinais están marcadas como catro animais talismánicos: o Dragón Azul do " 13178"Leste (Primavera), a ave vermella do sur (Verán), o tigre branco do oeste " 13179"(Outono. ) e o \"Genbu\" (tartaruga negra) do Norte (Inverno). " 13180"Correspondíanlle a cada un dos animais talismánicos os sete \"palacios\" " 13181"celestes <em>sei shuku</em>que ás veces se chaman \"lodas\". As " 13182"\"estacións\" ou \"aloxamentos\" da lúa poden ser usadas para determinar a " 13183"posición do sol e dos planetas, así como da lúa, e o seu número pode estar " 13184"ou non relacionado co período da órbita da lúa. As orixes destas asociacións" 13185" son escuras e mesmo polémicas. " 13186 13187#. type: Content of: <p> 13188#: ../../skycultures/japanese_moon_stations/description.en.utf8:10 13189msgid "" 13190"Determination of the talismanic animals and associated star \"palaces\" " 13191"together with the associated 28 <em>sei shuku</em> or lunar lodges represent" 13192" some of the most complex aspects of Asian \"astronomy\". An apparent " 13193"anomaly is the fact that the actual positional path of the sun seems to move" 13194" in a direction opposite the seasonal associations of Spring and Fall. Some" 13195" scientists argues that this is due to the animals and sei shuku being " 13196"created some 17 to 18 millennia ago (precession creating the anomaly), but " 13197"it does not really explain the apparent \"backward\" motion of the sun " 13198"through seasons." 13199msgstr "" 13200"A determinación dos animais talismánicos e os \"palacios\" da estrela " 13201"asociada xunto cos 28 asociados <em>sei shuku</em> ou aloxamentos lunares " 13202"representan algúns dos aspectos máis complexos da \"astronomía\" asiática. " 13203"Unha aparente anomalía é o feito de que o camiño do sol semella moverse " 13204"nunha dirección fronte ás asociacións estacionais de primavera e outono. " 13205"Algúns científicos sosteñen que isto se debe ós animais e ó sei shuku que se" 13206" crearon hai uns 17 a 18 mil anos (precesión que crea a anomalía), pero " 13207"realmente non explica o aparente movemento \"atrasado\" do sol durante as " 13208"estacións." 13209 13210#. type: Content of: <p> 13211#: ../../skycultures/japanese_moon_stations/description.en.utf8:15 13212msgid "" 13213"According to some scientists, the talismanic animals with their associated " 13214"sei shuku were probably used in conjunction with the direction to which the " 13215"handle of the big dipper (often called the \"North Seven Stars\" in China, " 13216"Korea, and Japan) pointed at the equinoxes and solstices. Before the " 13217"Christian Era, when the sei shuku were created, the big dipper did not " 13218"appear to set, because they had a relatively \"higher\" position than now." 13219msgstr "" 13220"Segundo algúns científicos, os animais talismánicos co seu sei shuku " 13221"asociado probablemente se usaron xunto coa dirección á que apuntaba o mango " 13222"do gran cullerón (moitas veces chamados \"Sete Estrelas do Norte\" en China," 13223" Corea e Xapón) nos equinoccios e solsticios. Antes da era cristiá, cando se" 13224" creou o sei shuku, o gran cullerón non parecía estar configurado, porque " 13225"tiñan unha posición relativamente \"superior\" ca agora." 13226 13227#. type: Content of: <p> 13228#: ../../skycultures/japanese_moon_stations/description.en.utf8:19 13229msgid "" 13230"Like myths and traditions in Western cultures, these views still wield " 13231"influence in the daily life of people in China, Korea, and Japan (this " 13232"despite quite prominent scientific literacy). However, it should be pointed " 13233"out that astrological divination in China, Korea and Japan was and is rather" 13234" complex." 13235msgstr "" 13236"Do mesmo xeito que os mitos e as tradicións das culturas occidentais, estas " 13237"visións seguen influíndo na vida cotiá das persoas en China, Corea e Xapón " 13238"(isto a pesar da alfabetización científica bastante importante). Non " 13239"obstante, cómpre salientar que a adiviñación astrolóxica en China, Corea e " 13240"Xapón era e é bastante complexa." 13241 13242#. type: Content of: <p> 13243#: ../../skycultures/japanese_moon_stations/description.en.utf8:22 13244msgid "" 13245"The lore related to moon stations is one of the most interesting aspects of " 13246"Asian Ethnoastronomy. Japanese interpretations of these associations tended " 13247"to revolve around agricultural needs and animistic views of nature. Unlike " 13248"many Western myths and traditions, japanese gods in the similitude of the " 13249"talismanic animals can be seen as manifestations of nature." 13250msgstr "" 13251"A tradición relacionada coas estacións da lúa é un dos aspectos máis " 13252"interesantes da etnoastronomía asiática. As interpretacións xaponesas destas" 13253" asociacións tendían a xirar arredor das necesidades agrícolas e as visións " 13254"animistas da natureza. A diferenza de moitos mitos e tradicións occidentais," 13255" os deuses xaponeses ó igual cós animais talismánicos poden verse como " 13256"manifestacións da natureza." 13257 13258#. type: Content of: <p> 13259#: ../../skycultures/japanese_moon_stations/description.en.utf8:25 13260msgid "Below is an example of a star chart from Edo Era Japan." 13261msgstr "" 13262"A continuación móstrase un exemplo dun gráfico de estrelas de Edo Era Japan." 13263 13264#. type: Content of: <p> 13265#: ../../skycultures/japanese_moon_stations/description.en.utf8:26 13266msgid "<em>Close-Up of Yasui's Map Showing the First 15 Moon Stations</em>" 13267msgstr "" 13268"<em>Primeiro plano do mapa de Yasui mostrando as 15 primeiras estacións de " 13269"lúa</em>" 13270 13271#. type: Content of: <h3> 13272#: ../../skycultures/japanese_moon_stations/description.en.utf8:28 13273msgid "The Azure Dragon of the East (Spring)" 13274msgstr "O Dragón Azul do Leste (Primavera)" 13275 13276#. type: Content of: <p> 13277#: ../../skycultures/japanese_moon_stations/description.en.utf8:29 13278msgid "The 7 Moon Stations of the \"East\" or \"Blue Dragon\"." 13279msgstr "As 7 estacións da lúa do \"Leste\" ou \"Dragón Azul\"" 13280 13281#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 13282#: ../../skycultures/japanese_moon_stations/description.en.utf8:33 13283#: ../../skycultures/japanese_moon_stations/description.en.utf8:95 13284#: ../../skycultures/japanese_moon_stations/description.en.utf8:156 13285#: ../../skycultures/japanese_moon_stations/description.en.utf8:217 13286msgid "Chinese Character" 13287msgstr "Carácter chinés" 13288 13289#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 13290#: ../../skycultures/japanese_moon_stations/description.en.utf8:34 13291#: ../../skycultures/japanese_moon_stations/description.en.utf8:96 13292#: ../../skycultures/japanese_moon_stations/description.en.utf8:157 13293#: ../../skycultures/japanese_moon_stations/description.en.utf8:218 13294msgid "Meaning" 13295msgstr "Significado" 13296 13297#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 13298#: ../../skycultures/japanese_moon_stations/description.en.utf8:35 13299#: ../../skycultures/japanese_moon_stations/description.en.utf8:97 13300#: ../../skycultures/japanese_moon_stations/description.en.utf8:158 13301#: ../../skycultures/japanese_moon_stations/description.en.utf8:219 13302msgid "Key Star" 13303msgstr "Estrela Chave" 13304 13305#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 13306#: ../../skycultures/japanese_moon_stations/description.en.utf8:36 13307#: ../../skycultures/japanese_moon_stations/description.en.utf8:98 13308#: ../../skycultures/japanese_moon_stations/description.en.utf8:159 13309#: ../../skycultures/japanese_moon_stations/description.en.utf8:220 13310msgid "Japanese Name" 13311msgstr "Nome xaponés" 13312 13313#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 13314#: ../../skycultures/japanese_moon_stations/description.en.utf8:41 13315msgid "Horn(s), perhaps Angle, Corner" 13316msgstr "Corno(s), talvez Ángulo, Recanto" 13317 13318#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 13319#: ../../skycultures/japanese_moon_stations/description.en.utf8:48 13320msgid "Neck, Throat" 13321msgstr "Gorxa, Garganta" 13322 13323#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 13324#: ../../skycultures/japanese_moon_stations/description.en.utf8:55 13325msgid "Root, perhaps Shoulder or Base" 13326msgstr "Raíz, quizais Ombreiro ou Base" 13327 13328#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 13329#: ../../skycultures/japanese_moon_stations/description.en.utf8:56 13330#: ../../skycultures/japanese_moon_stations/description.en.utf8:63 13331#: ../../skycultures/japanese_moon_stations/description.en.utf8:84 13332#: ../../skycultures/japanese_moon_stations/description.en.utf8:186 13333#: ../../skycultures/japanese_moon_stations/description.en.utf8:207 13334#: ../../skycultures/japanese_moon_stations/description.en.utf8:233 13335msgid "sometimes" 13336msgstr "ás veces" 13337 13338#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 13339#: ../../skycultures/japanese_moon_stations/description.en.utf8:62 13340msgid "Chamber, perhaps Breasts" 13341msgstr "Cámara, quizais Peitos" 13342 13343#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 13344#: ../../skycultures/japanese_moon_stations/description.en.utf8:83 13345msgid "Basket" 13346msgstr "Canastra" 13347 13348#. type: Content of: <h3> 13349#: ../../skycultures/japanese_moon_stations/description.en.utf8:90 13350msgid "The \"Genbu\" (Black Tortoise) of the North (Winter)" 13351msgstr "O \"Genbu\" (Sapoconcho Negro) do Norte (Inverno)" 13352 13353#. type: Content of: <p> 13354#: ../../skycultures/japanese_moon_stations/description.en.utf8:91 13355msgid "" 13356"The 7 Moon Stations of the \"North\" (Genbu) or \"Black Tortoise of Winter\"" 13357" (also \"Somber\" or \"Black\" Warrior)." 13358msgstr "" 13359"As 7 estacións da lúa do \"Norte\" (Gembu) ou \"Sapoconcho Negro do " 13360"Inverno\" (tamén \"Sombrío\" ou \"Guerreiro Negro\")" 13361 13362#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 13363#: ../../skycultures/japanese_moon_stations/description.en.utf8:103 13364msgid "Dipper; Measure" 13365msgstr "Culler; Medida" 13366 13367#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 13368#: ../../skycultures/japanese_moon_stations/description.en.utf8:110 13369msgid "Cow" 13370msgstr "Vaca" 13371 13372#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 13373#: ../../skycultures/japanese_moon_stations/description.en.utf8:117 13374msgid "Woman; perhaps Waiting Maid" 13375msgstr "Muller; quizais criada agardando" 13376 13377#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 13378#: ../../skycultures/japanese_moon_stations/description.en.utf8:131 13379msgid "Roof Top, perhaps Danger, Steep" 13380msgstr "Teito, talvez Perigo, Cantil" 13381 13382#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 13383#: ../../skycultures/japanese_moon_stations/description.en.utf8:138 13384msgid "Room, perhaps Encampment" 13385msgstr "Habitación, talvez Campamento" 13386 13387#. type: Content of: <h3> 13388#: ../../skycultures/japanese_moon_stations/description.en.utf8:151 13389msgid "The White Tiger of the West (Fall)" 13390msgstr "O Tigre Branco do Oeste (Outono)" 13391 13392#. type: Content of: <p> 13393#: ../../skycultures/japanese_moon_stations/description.en.utf8:152 13394msgid "The 7 Moon Stations of the \"West\" or \"White Tiger\"." 13395msgstr "As 7 estacións da lúa do \"Oeste\" ou \"Tigre Branco\"" 13396 13397#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 13398#: ../../skycultures/japanese_moon_stations/description.en.utf8:164 13399msgid "Stride, Foot" 13400msgstr "Alancada, Pé" 13401 13402#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 13403#: ../../skycultures/japanese_moon_stations/description.en.utf8:171 13404msgid "Hill, Lasso; perhaps Bellows" 13405msgstr "Outeiro, Lazo; quizais Fol" 13406 13407#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 13408#: ../../skycultures/japanese_moon_stations/description.en.utf8:185 13409msgid "Stopping Place, United; perhaps \"Getting Together\"" 13410msgstr "Lugar de parada, unión; talvez \"Reunión\"" 13411 13412#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 13413#: ../../skycultures/japanese_moon_stations/description.en.utf8:192 13414msgid "Net; perhaps related to Rain" 13415msgstr "Rede; talvez relacionado coa choiva" 13416 13417#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 13418#: ../../skycultures/japanese_moon_stations/description.en.utf8:199 13419msgid "Turtle Snout, perhaps Tuft on Owl's Head" 13420msgstr "Fociño de tartaruga, talvez penacho na cabeza do bufo" 13421 13422#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 13423#: ../../skycultures/japanese_moon_stations/description.en.utf8:206 13424msgid "Investigator, Three" 13425msgstr "Investigador, Tres" 13426 13427#. type: Content of: <h3> 13428#: ../../skycultures/japanese_moon_stations/description.en.utf8:212 13429msgid "The Red Bird of the South (Summer)" 13430msgstr "O Paxaro Vermello do Sur (Verán)" 13431 13432#. type: Content of: <p> 13433#: ../../skycultures/japanese_moon_stations/description.en.utf8:213 13434msgid "The 7 Moon Stations of the \"South\" or \"Red Bird\"." 13435msgstr "As 7 estacións da lúa do \"Sur\" ou \"Paxaro Vermello\"" 13436 13437#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 13438#: ../../skycultures/japanese_moon_stations/description.en.utf8:232 13439msgid "Ogre, Devil, perhaps Ghost" 13440msgstr "Ogro, Diaño, talvez Pantasma" 13441 13442#. type: Content of: <h3> 13443#: ../../skycultures/japanese_moon_stations/description.en.utf8:246 13444#: ../../skycultures/vanuatu_netwar/description.en.utf8:25 13445msgid "Stars" 13446msgstr "Estrelas" 13447 13448#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 13449#: ../../skycultures/japanese_moon_stations/description.en.utf8:253 13450msgid "Stretched Net" 13451msgstr "Rede Estendida" 13452 13453#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 13454#: ../../skycultures/japanese_moon_stations/description.en.utf8:267 13455msgid "Chariot Cross-Board, perhaps strings of Koto" 13456msgstr "Carro, quizais cordas de Koto" 13457 13458#. type: Content of: <ul><li><notr><a> 13459#: ../../skycultures/japanese_moon_stations/description.en.utf8:275 13460msgid "A Cultural History of Astronomy in Japan" 13461msgstr "Unha Historia Cultural da Astronomía en Xapón" 13462 13463#. type: Content of: <h2> 13464#: ../../skycultures/kamilaroi/description.en.utf8:1 13465msgid "Kamilaroi/Euahlayi" 13466msgstr "Kamilaroi/Euahlayi" 13467 13468#. type: Content of: <p> 13469#: ../../skycultures/kamilaroi/description.en.utf8:2 13470msgid "" 13471"The Kamilaroi (also known as Gomeroi) and Euahlayi peoples are Australian " 13472"Aboriginal cultural groups located in the northern part of New South Wales. " 13473"They have survived European invasion and loss of much of their country. " 13474"Their culture and connection to country remains strong, including an " 13475"extensive cultural astronomy first recorded in the 1860s." 13476msgstr "" 13477"Os Kamilaroi (tamén coñecidos como Gomeroi) e Euahlayi son grupos culturais " 13478"aborixes australianos situados na parte norte de Nova Gales do Sur. " 13479"Sobreviviron á invasión europea e á perda de gran parte do seu país. A súa " 13480"cultura e conexión coa terra segue sendo forte, incluída unha extensa " 13481"astronomía cultural rexistrada por primeira vez na década de 1860." 13482 13483#. type: Content of: <h3> 13484#: ../../skycultures/kamilaroi/description.en.utf8:4 13485msgid "Background" 13486msgstr "Antecedentes" 13487 13488#. type: Content of: <p> 13489#: ../../skycultures/kamilaroi/description.en.utf8:5 13490msgid "" 13491"This Stellarium Skyculture is the result of a Higher Degree Research project" 13492" by Robert Fuller at Macquarie University, Sydney, finishing in 2014. " 13493"Stellarium was chosen as a part of the project for Giving Back of the " 13494"collected knowledge to the Kamilaroi and Euahlayi communities in the form of" 13495" a documentary video (Star Stories of the Dreaming) and a student's Study " 13496"Guide. Clips from the Stellarium were used in the documentary to illustrate" 13497" certain sky objects." 13498msgstr "" 13499"Esta cultura do ceo de Stellarium é o resultado dun proxecto de " 13500"investigación de grao superior realizado por Robert Fuller na universidade " 13501"Macquarie, Sydney, rematado no 2014. Stellarium foi elixido como parte do " 13502"proxecto para devolver os coñecementos recollidos ás comunidades Kamilaroi e" 13503" Euahlayi en forma de vídeo documental (Star Stories of the Dreaming) e unha" 13504" guía de estudos dun estudante. No documental utilizáronse clips do " 13505"Stellarium para ilustrar certos obxectos do ceo." 13506 13507#. type: Content of: <h2> 13508#: ../../skycultures/kamilaroi/description.en.utf8:7 13509msgid "Cultural objects" 13510msgstr "Obxectos culturais" 13511 13512#. type: Content of: <h3> 13513#: ../../skycultures/kamilaroi/description.en.utf8:9 13514msgid "Gawaargay" 13515msgstr "Gawaargay" 13516 13517#. type: Content of: <p> 13518#: ../../skycultures/kamilaroi/description.en.utf8:10 13519msgid "" 13520"Gawaargay is the spirit Emu in the Sky, located with its head in the Coal " 13521"Sack, and its neck and body stretching out through the dust lanes of the " 13522"Milky Way (Warrambul) past Scorpius. The Euahlayi and the Kamilaroi see it " 13523"with legs in April and May, when it is female and chasing the males. From " 13524"June to August it is male and sitting on its nest without legs (the males " 13525"brood the chicks), and this is a signal to collect the eggs. In the evening" 13526" in late August it is vertical in the sky, and the head and body form two " 13527"\"eggs\", meaning the eggs should not be collected. Later in the year, it " 13528"appears on the horizon, so it is believed to be sitting in a waterhole, " 13529"meaning the waterholes are full. When it is below the horizon, then it is " 13530"on Earth as the Black Emu, which is rarely seen." 13531msgstr "" 13532"Gawaargay é o espírito Emu no Ceo, situado coa cabeza no Coal Sack, e o " 13533"pescozo e o corpo que se estenden polas pistas de po da Vía Láctea " 13534"(Warrambul) pasado Scorpius. O Euahlayi e o Kamilaroi vense con patas en " 13535"abril e maio, cando é femia e persegue os machos. De xuño a agosto é macho e" 13536" está sentado no seu niño sen patas (os machos crían os pitos), e isto é o " 13537"sinal para recoller os ovos. Nas noites de finais de agosto está vertical no" 13538" ceo, e a cabeza e o corpo forman dous \"ovos\", é dicir, non se deben " 13539"recoller os ovos. Ó final do ano, aparece no horizonte, polo que se cre que " 13540"está sentado nun bote de auga, é dicir, os buratos están cheos. Cando está " 13541"debaixo do horizonte, entón está na Terra como o Emu negro, que raramente se" 13542" ve." 13543 13544#. type: Content of: <h3> 13545#: ../../skycultures/kamilaroi/description.en.utf8:12 13546msgid "Birringoloo" 13547msgstr "Birringoloo" 13548 13549#. type: Content of: <p> 13550#: ../../skycultures/kamilaroi/description.en.utf8:13 13551msgid "" 13552"Birringoloo is the second wife of Byaame, the creator/culture hero. She sits" 13553" by the campfire of Byaame's camp (the star Alpha Muscae), and all women " 13554"with girl children who die come to this camp before going on to Bulimah " 13555"(Heaven behind Warrambul). They wait at this camp until all their girl " 13556"children have died and come to the camp, and then they can proceed to " 13557"Bulimah." 13558msgstr "" 13559"Birringoloo é a segunda esposa de Byaame, o creador / heroe da cultura. Está" 13560" sentada xunto á fogueira do campamento de Byaame (a estrela Alpha Muscae), " 13561"e todas as mulleres con fillas que morren veñen a este campamento antes de " 13562"ir a Bulimah (o ceo detrás de Warrambul). Agardan neste campamento ata que " 13563"morran todas as súas fillas e veñan ó campamento, e logo poden ir a Bulimah." 13564 13565#. type: Content of: <h3> 13566#: ../../skycultures/kamilaroi/description.en.utf8:15 13567msgid "Yarran" 13568msgstr "Yarran" 13569 13570#. type: Content of: <p> 13571#: ../../skycultures/kamilaroi/description.en.utf8:16 13572msgid "" 13573"Yarran (also called mingga) is the roots of the Yarran tree, an Acacia, " 13574"which is the tree that Byaame took up to the Warrambul with the first man to" 13575" die (and the Cockatoos). It is actually centred on the Coal Sack, and the " 13576"dark nebula is the hollow of the tree seen from below, with the roots " 13577"spreading around. When someone dies and goes to Bulimah, they go through " 13578"the hollow of the Yarran." 13579msgstr "" 13580"Yarran (tamén chamado mingga) é a raíz da árbore de Yarran, unha Acacia, que" 13581" é a árbore que Byaame levou ao Warrambul co primeiro home que morreu (e as " 13582"cacatúas). En realidade céntrase no Saco de Carbón, e a nebulosa escura é o " 13583"oco da árbore visto dende abaixo, coas raíces espalladas arredor. Cando " 13584"alguén morre e vai a Bulimah, percorre o oco do Yarran." 13585 13586#. type: Content of: <h3> 13587#: ../../skycultures/kamilaroi/description.en.utf8:18 13588msgid "Old Wiringin" 13589msgstr "O vello Wiringin" 13590 13591#. type: Content of: <p> 13592#: ../../skycultures/kamilaroi/description.en.utf8:19 13593msgid "" 13594"A Wiringin is a \"Clever Man\" or Aboriginal doctor. This Wiringin located " 13595"in the Small Magellanic Cloud is there because he controls who can go on to " 13596"Bulimah. If the person who died is not initiated, they are not allowed, " 13597"because they don't know the rules, so he sends them to Wadhaagudjaaylwan in " 13598"the Large Magellanic Cloud. This birth spirit will send the unitiated back " 13599"to Earth as a new baby, so they can be initiated. This Wiringin is " 13600"represented in every Aboriginal cemetary as the Wilga tree (Native Willow)." 13601msgstr "" 13602"Un Wiringin é un \"home intelixente\" ou un médico aborixe. Este Wiringin " 13603"situado na Pequena Nube Magallánica está alí porque controla quen pode ir a " 13604"Bulimah. Se a persoa que morreu non é iniciada, non se lle permite, porque " 13605"descoñece as regras, así que mándaa a Wadhaagudjaaylwan na Gran Nube " 13606"Magallánica. Este espírito do nacemento enviará os non iniciados de volta á " 13607"Terra como novo bebé, para que poidan ser iniciados. Este Wiringin está " 13608"representado en todos os cemiterios aborixes como a árbore Wilga (Salgueiro " 13609"nativo)." 13610 13611#. type: Content of: <h3> 13612#: ../../skycultures/kamilaroi/description.en.utf8:21 13613msgid "Birray Birray" 13614msgstr "Birray Birray" 13615 13616#. type: Content of: <p> 13617#: ../../skycultures/kamilaroi/description.en.utf8:22 13618msgid "" 13619"The Birray Birray are a group of uninitiated boys who are in love with the " 13620"seven young women (sisters), Miyay Miyay, who make up the Pleiades star " 13621"cluster. They chased the Miyay Miyay, who ended up in the sky, and for this" 13622" they were placed in Orion, as the three stars that make up the belt of " 13623"Orion. Rigel is their fire, and the sword of Orion is their fire poker. " 13624"They are kept from the Miyay Miyay by the Wiringin, Old Dthillar, who is " 13625"Aldebaran." 13626msgstr "" 13627"Os Birray Birray son un grupo de rapaces non iniciados que están namorados " 13628"das sete mulleres novas (irmás) Miyay Miyay, que forman o grupo de estrelas " 13629"Pleiades. Perseguiron o Miyay Miyay, que acabou no ceo, e para iso " 13630"situáronse en Orión, como as tres estrelas que forman o cinto de Orión. " 13631"Rigel é o lume e a espada de Orión é o atizador do lume. Son protexidos do " 13632"Miyay Miyay polo Wiringin, O vello Dthillar, que é Aldebarán." 13633 13634#. type: Content of: <h3> 13635#: ../../skycultures/kamilaroi/description.en.utf8:24 13636msgid "Miyay Miyay" 13637msgstr "Miyay Miyay" 13638 13639#. type: Content of: <p> 13640#: ../../skycultures/kamilaroi/description.en.utf8:25 13641msgid "" 13642"The Miyay Miyay are the seven young women (sisters) who were chased into the" 13643" sky, depending on the story, by the Birray Birray, or by various Wiringins " 13644"or other bad persons. They form the Pleiades star cluster, and as one " 13645"sister is shy, normally we only see six stars. They are protected from the " 13646"Birray Birray in Orion by the Wiringin, Old Dthillar, who is Aldebaran." 13647msgstr "" 13648"As Miyay Miyay son as sete mulleres novas (irmás) que foron perseguidas cara" 13649" ó ceo, segundo o conto, polo Birray Birray, ou por varios Wiringins ou " 13650"outras persoas malas. Forman o cúmulo de estrelas Pléiades e, como unha irmá" 13651" é tímida, normalmente só vemos seis estrelas. Están protexidos do Birray " 13652"Birray en Orion polo Wiringin, O vello Dthillar, que é Aldebarán." 13653 13654#. type: Content of: <h3> 13655#: ../../skycultures/kamilaroi/description.en.utf8:27 13656msgid "Old Dthillar" 13657msgstr "O vello Dthillar" 13658 13659#. type: Content of: <p> 13660#: ../../skycultures/kamilaroi/description.en.utf8:28 13661msgid "" 13662"Old Dthillar is a Wiringin, in this case the Wiringin of the Birray Birray, " 13663"the unitiated boys in Orion who pine for the Miyaay Miyaay (Seven Sisters) " 13664"in the Pleiades. Old Dthillar is the star Aldebaran, which is also Alpha " 13665"Tauri, and he stands there to protect the Miyaay Miyaay from the Birray " 13666"Birray. The inverted \"V\" shape made up by Alpha, Epsilon, and Gamma Tauri" 13667" is Old Dthillar's gunya (hut)." 13668msgstr "" 13669"O vello Dthillar é un Wiringin, neste caso o Wiringin do Birray Birray, os " 13670"rapaces non iniciados de Orion que defenden as Miyaay Miyaay (Sete Irmás) " 13671"nas Pléiades. O vello Dthillar é a estrela Aldebaraán, que tamén é Alpha " 13672"Tauri, e está alí para protexer as Miyaay Miyaay do Birray Birray. A forma " 13673"\"V\" invertida formada por Alpha, Epsilon e Gamma Tauri é a gunya (antiga " 13674"cabana) deo vello Dthillar." 13675 13676#. type: Content of: <h3> 13677#: ../../skycultures/kamilaroi/description.en.utf8:30 13678msgid "Wamba Wamba" 13679msgstr "Wamba Wamba" 13680 13681#. type: Content of: <p> 13682#: ../../skycultures/kamilaroi/description.en.utf8:31 13683msgid "" 13684"\"Wamba\" means \"crazy\" or \"mad\". In this case, the star Canopus is " 13685"called Wamba Wamba because of various reasons, depending on whose story is " 13686"told. The planet Venus is also called Wamba. One speculation is that both " 13687"Canopus and Venus are seen close to the horizon in the summer, and due to " 13688"atmospheric defraction, can \"scintillate\" (twinkle srongly), which results" 13689" in rapid changes in colour. This might be interpreted as madness." 13690msgstr "" 13691"\"Wamba\" significa \"tolo\" ou \"malo\". Neste caso, a estrela Canopus " 13692"chámase Wamba Wamba por varias razóns, segundo a historia que se conte. O " 13693"planeta Venus tamén se chama Wamba. Unha especulación é que tanto Canopus " 13694"como Venus se ven preto do horizonte no verán e, debido á difracción " 13695"atmosférica, pode \"escintilar\" (pestenexando fortemente), o que produce " 13696"rápidos cambios de cor. Isto pode interpretarse coma unha tolemia." 13697 13698#. type: Content of: <h3> 13699#: ../../skycultures/kamilaroi/description.en.utf8:33 13700msgid "Wadhaagudjaaylwan" 13701msgstr "Wadhaagudjaaylwan" 13702 13703#. type: Content of: <p> 13704#: ../../skycultures/kamilaroi/description.en.utf8:34 13705msgid "" 13706"Wadhaagudjaaylwan is Byaame's third wife, who is in the Large Magellanic " 13707"Cloud, and sings to women who are going to have babies. She \"sings\" the " 13708"babies to the women on Earth, and she takes the persons that the Old " 13709"Wiringin in the Small Magellanic Cloud sends to her, and sends them back to " 13710"Earth as babies." 13711msgstr "" 13712"Wadhaagudjaaylwan é a terceira esposa de Byaame, que se atopa na Gran Nube " 13713"Magallánica e canta ás mulleres que terán bebés. \"Canta\" ós bebés e ás " 13714"mulleres da Terra, e leva ás persoas que o Vello Wiringin na Nube Pequena " 13715"Magallánica lle envía e envíaos de volta á Terra como bebés." 13716 13717#. type: Content of: <h3> 13718#: ../../skycultures/kamilaroi/description.en.utf8:36 13719msgid "Bandaarr" 13720msgstr "Bandaarr" 13721 13722#. type: Content of: <p> 13723#: ../../skycultures/kamilaroi/description.en.utf8:37 13724msgid "" 13725"Bandaarr is Kamilaroi/Euahlayi for Kangaroo, and this kangaroo is located " 13726"under the belly of the Emu in the Milky Way, looking away from the Emu. " 13727"Bandaarr is either a grey or red kangaroo, depending on the culture, and has" 13728" significance in ceremony." 13729msgstr "" 13730"Bandaarr é Kamilaroi / Euahlayi, o canguro, e este canguro está situado " 13731"baixo a barriga de Emu na Vía Láctea, mirando cara ó outro lado de Emu. " 13732"Bandaarr é un canguro gris ou vermello, dependendo da cultura, e ten " 13733"importancia na cerimonia." 13734 13735#. type: Content of: <h3> 13736#: ../../skycultures/kamilaroi/description.en.utf8:39 13737msgid "Muraay Muyaay" 13738msgstr "Muraay Muyaay" 13739 13740#. type: Content of: <p> 13741#: ../../skycultures/kamilaroi/description.en.utf8:40 13742msgid "" 13743"Muraay is Kamilaroi, and Muyaay is Euahlayi for the sulfur-crested cockatoo," 13744" who are the Pointer stars (Alpha Centauri and Hadar/Beta Centauri). They " 13745"ended up in the constellation Crux when their tree, the Yarran, was dragged " 13746"into the sky with the first man to die, and they are always chasing Yarran." 13747msgstr "" 13748"Muraay é Kamilaroi, e Muyaay é Euahlayi para a cacatúa cristada con xofre, " 13749"que son as estrelas do Punteiro (Alpha Centauri e Hadar / Beta Centauri). " 13750"Acabaron na constelación Crux cando a súa árbore, o Yarran, foi arrastrada ó" 13751" ceo co primeiro home en morrer, e sempre perseguen a Yarran." 13752 13753#. type: Content of: <h3> 13754#: ../../skycultures/kamilaroi/description.en.utf8:42 13755msgid "Warrawilbaarru" 13756msgstr "Warrawilbaarru" 13757 13758#. type: Content of: <p> 13759#: ../../skycultures/kamilaroi/description.en.utf8:43 13760msgid "" 13761"Warrawilbaarru is the whirlwind spirit who lives in the constellation " 13762"Scorpius. Byaame normally keeps him from coming to Earth, but in September " 13763"he comes out of one of three holes (dark nebulae) in Scorpius during " 13764"September, and doesn't go back until around March. During this time he is " 13765"on earth as the \"willy willy\" or whirlwind, and can be dangerous to " 13766"children and uninitiated men." 13767msgstr "" 13768"Warrawilbaarru é o espírito remuíño que vive na constelación de Scorpius. " 13769"Byaame normalmente impídelle que veña á Terra, pero en setembro sae dun dos " 13770"tres buratos (nebulosas escuras) en Scorpius durante setembro, e non volve " 13771"ata marzo. Durante este tempo está na terra como a \"willy willy\" ou o " 13772"remuíño, e pode ser perigoso para nenos e homes non iniciados." 13773 13774#. type: Content of: <p> 13775#: ../../skycultures/kamilaroi/description.en.utf8:46 13776msgid "" 13777"More detailed information on the astronomy of the Kamilaroi and Euahlayi " 13778"peoples can be found at <a href=\"https://unsw.academia.edu/RobertFuller\" " 13779"class=\"external\">https://unsw.academia.edu/RobertFuller</a>." 13780msgstr "" 13781"Máis información sobre a astronomía dos pobos Kamilaroi e Euahlayi pódese " 13782"atopar en <a href=\"https://unsw.academia.edu/RobertFuller\" " 13783"class=\"external\">https://unsw.academia.edu/RobertFuller</a>." 13784 13785#. type: Content of: <h2> 13786#: ../../skycultures/korean/description.en.utf8:1 13787msgid "Korean" 13788msgstr "Coreana" 13789 13790#. type: Content of: <h3> 13791#: ../../skycultures/korean/description.en.utf8:2 13792msgid "Origin" 13793msgstr "Orixe" 13794 13795#. type: Content of: <p> 13796#: ../../skycultures/korean/description.en.utf8:3 13797msgid "" 13798"The Chinese, Korean, and Japanese constellations have the same origin and " 13799"look very similar in shape. They are represented respectively in the Dun " 13800"Huang starmap from the 8th century, the Cheon-Sang-Yeol-Cha-Bun-Ya-Ji-Do map" 13801" and in the Kitora skymap painted in A.D.7C ~ 8C. Their positions and their " 13802"names are similar in the Chinese alphabet. The name of the constellations " 13803"first appear in the Records of the Grand Historian(史記) in Han dynasty " 13804"describing Xia dynasty in about 2000 B.C." 13805msgstr "" 13806"As constelacións chinesa, coreana e xaponesa teñen a mesma orixe e teñen " 13807"unha forma moi semellante. Están representadas respectivamente no plano de " 13808"Dun Huang do século VIII, no mapa Cheon-Sang-Yeol-Cha-Bun-Ya-Ji-Do e no " 13809"esquema Kitora pintado en A.D.7C ~ 8C. As súas posicións e os seus nomes son" 13810" similares no alfabeto chinés. O nome das constelacións aparece por primeira" 13811" vez nos rexistros do gran historiador (史記) na dinastía Han que describe a " 13812"dinastía Xia arredor do 2000 a.C." 13813 13814#. type: Content of: <p> 13815#: ../../skycultures/korean/description.en.utf8:5 13816msgid "" 13817"The 272 constellations displayed in this Stellarium sky culture are based on" 13818" the Cheon-Sang-Yeol-Cha-Bun-Ya-Zi-Do, the Korean Constellation map, which " 13819"was carved on the stone on 1395 but has its origin from another sky map " 13820"which existed about 2,000 years ago. This map represents 1467 stars in about" 13821" 190 constellations whose shapes are slightly different from the chinese " 13822"ones. The interpretation of the map is not easy: the map is so old that only" 13823" about 300 stars are found to match with the real stars. All the stars of " 13824"the map were drawn on a circle, so the equator seems smaller than the " 13825"southern limit. Because the density of constellation does not change with " 13826"respect to the position, the position and the size of the constellations " 13827"were somewhat altered in a way unknown by the author. It is assumed that " 13828"there should be no bright stars which do not belong to any constellations. " 13829"The work of the author is subject to interpretation, and could be changed at" 13830" a later time. It will however roughly show what the Korean Constellation " 13831"are like." 13832msgstr "" 13833"As 272 constelacións mostradas nesta cultura do ceo de Stellarium baséanse " 13834"no mapa de constelacións de Cheon-Sang-Yeol-Cha-Bun-Ya-Zi-Do, que foi " 13835"esculpido na pedra en 1395 pero que ten a súa orixe noutro mapa do ceo que " 13836"existía hai uns 2.000 anos. Este mapa representa 1467 estrelas en preto de " 13837"190 constelacións cuxas formas son lixeiramente diferentes das chinesas. A " 13838"interpretación do mapa non é doada: o mapa é tan antigo que só se atopan " 13839"unhas 300 estrelas que coinciden coas estrelas reais. Todas as estrelas do " 13840"mapa se debuxaron nun círculo, polo que o ecuador parece máis pequeno có " 13841"límite sur. Debido a que a densidade da constelación non cambia con respecto" 13842" á posición, a posición e o tamaño das constelacións foron alteradas dun " 13843"xeito descoñecido polo autor. Suponse que non debería haber estrelas " 13844"brillantes que non pertenzan a ningunha constelación. A obra do autor está " 13845"suxeita a interpretación e podería modificarse posteriormente. Non obstante," 13846" mostrarase como é a constelación coreana." 13847 13848#. type: Content of: <p><ul><li> 13849#: ../../skycultures/korean/description.en.utf8:9 13850msgid "" 13851"<a " 13852"href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheonsang_Yeolcha_Bunyajido\">Cheonsang " 13853"Yeolcha Bunyajido</a>" 13854msgstr "" 13855"<a " 13856"href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheonsang_Yeolcha_Bunyajido\">Cheonsang " 13857"Yeolcha Bunyajido</a>" 13858 13859#. type: Content of: <p><p> 13860#: ../../skycultures/korean/description.en.utf8:13 13861msgid "" 13862"This sky culture was contributed by Stellarium user <i><a " 13863"href=\"http://user.chollian.net/~jtm71/\">Jeong, Tae-Min</a></i>" 13864msgstr "" 13865"TContribuíu a esta cultura do ceo para Stellarium <i><a " 13866"href=\"http://user.chollian.net/~jtm71/\">Jeong, Tae-Min</a></i>" 13867 13868#. type: Content of: <h2> 13869#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:1 13870msgid "Lokono (or Arawak)" 13871msgstr "Lokono (ou Arawak)" 13872 13873#. type: Content of: <p> 13874#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:3 13875msgid "" 13876"The <em>Lokono</em>, also known as <em>Arawak</em>, are an indigenous people" 13877" of the Guianas, whose territory stretches along the coast of the Atlantic " 13878"Ocean, from northwestern Guyana, through Suriname, to northwestern French " 13879"Guiana (see map).<sup><a href=\"#footnote-1\">[1]</a></sup> The Lokono speak" 13880" a language that belongs to the Arawakan language family—one of the " 13881"largest linguistic groupings on the continent. Like many of their linguistic" 13882" relatives, the Lokono are agriculturalists specializing in the farming of " 13883"manioc (<em>Manihot esculenta</em>), who also practice fishing, hunting, and" 13884" gathering of wild plant. However, as one of the first indigenous groups " 13885"that was encountered by the Europeans at the time of conquest, the Lokono " 13886"have been in contact with non-indigenous populations for over 500 " 13887"years.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-2\">[2]</a></sup> This contact has " 13888"intensified in the last century, leading to a substantial loss of the Lokono" 13889" language, traditional material and immaterial culture, changes in " 13890"subsistence practices, and in particular to the disappearance of " 13891"<em>medicine-men</em>—the traditional carriers of spiritual knowledge," 13892" most likely including ethnoastronomical knowledge. As a consequence, the " 13893"modern knowledge about celestial bodies appears to be but a fraction of what" 13894" the Lokono knew about stars in the past. Several constellations mentioned " 13895"in older sources are forgotten or are only known from their names, while the" 13896" combinations of stars they represent and the oral traditions explaining " 13897"their origin and significance have been forgotten. The Skyculture presented " 13898"here includes only identified constellations but the following description " 13899"provides a more comprehensive account of Lokono astronomical knowledge " 13900"including information extracted from historical sources about all the " 13901"celestial objects named in the table below." 13902msgstr "" 13903"Os <em>Lokono</em>, tamén coñecidos como <em>Arawak</em>, son un pobo " 13904"indíxena das Guianas, cuxo territorio se estende ó longo da costa do océano " 13905"Atlántico, dende o noroeste da Guyana, pasando por Surinam, ata a noroeste " 13906"da Guaiana Francesa (ver mapa).<sup><a href=\"#footnote-1\">[1]</a></sup> Os" 13907" lokono falan unha lingua que pertence á familia de linguas arawakas unha " 13908"das agrupacións lingüísticas máis grandes do continente. Como moitos dos " 13909"seus parentes lingüísticos, os lokono son agricultores especializados na " 13910"agricultura de mandioca (<em>Manihot esculenta</em>) que tamén practican a " 13911"pesca, a caza e a recolección de plantas silvestres. Non obstante, como un " 13912"dos primeiros grupos indíxenas que atoparon os europeos no momento da " 13913"conquista, os lokono estiveron en contacto con poboacións non indíxenas " 13914"dende hai máis de 500 anos.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-2\">[2]</a></sup> Este " 13915"contacto intensificouse no século pasado, provocando unha perda substancial " 13916"da lingua lokono, da materia tradicional e da cultura inmaterial, cambios " 13917"nas prácticas de subsistencia e en particular levou á desaparición dos " 13918"<em>menciñeiros</em>—os portadores tradicionais de coñecemento " 13919"espiritual, incluíndo probablemente coñecementos etnoastronómicos. Como " 13920"consecuencia, o coñecemento moderno sobre os corpos celestes parece ser só " 13921"unha fracción do que os Lokono sabían sobre as estrelas no pasado. Algunhas " 13922"constelacións mencionadas en fontes máis antigas esqueceuse ou só se coñecen" 13923" os seus nomes, mentres se esqueceron as combinacións de estrelas que " 13924"representan e as tradicións orais que explican a súa orixe e significación. " 13925"A cultura do ceo que se presenta aquí inclúe só constelacións identificadas," 13926" pero a seguinte descrición ofrece unha conta máis completa do coñecemento " 13927"astronómico dos Lokono incluíndo información extraída de fontes históricas " 13928"sobre todos os obxectos celestes mencionados na táboa seguinte." 13929 13930#. type: Content of: <p><table><caption> 13931#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:7 13932msgid "Lokono constellations and other celestial objects" 13933msgstr "Constelacións Lokono e outros obxectos celestes" 13934 13935#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><th> 13936#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:9 13937msgid "<b>Lokono name</b>" 13938msgstr "<b>Nome lokono</b>" 13939 13940#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><th> 13941#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:10 13942msgid "Literal translation in English" 13943msgstr "Tradución literal en inglés" 13944 13945#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><th> 13946#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:11 13947msgid "Approximate location" 13948msgstr "Localización aproximada" 13949 13950#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 13951#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:30 13952msgid "Path of the carriers of clay" 13953msgstr "Camiño dos portadores de arxila" 13954 13955#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 13956#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:40 13957msgid "Scores of stars" 13958msgstr "Decenas de estrelas" 13959 13960#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 13961#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:45 13962msgid "Shining star" 13963msgstr "Estrela brillante" 13964 13965#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 13966#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:50 13967msgid "Grill" 13968msgstr "Grella" 13969 13970#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 13971#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:51 13972msgid "Pegasus" 13973msgstr "Pegasus" 13974 13975#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 13976#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:55 13977msgid "Spirit of the green anaconda" 13978msgstr "Espírito a anaconda verde" 13979 13980#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 13981#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:56 13982msgid "unclear" 13983msgstr "Escuro" 13984 13985#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 13986#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:60 13987msgid "Spirit of the capibara" 13988msgstr "Espírito de capibara" 13989 13990#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 13991#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:61 13992#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:96 13993#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:111 13994#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:131 13995#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:136 13996#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:141 13997#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:146 13998#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:151 13999#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:156 14000#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:161 14001#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:166 14002#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:171 14003#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:176 14004#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:181 14005#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:186 14006#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:191 14007#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:196 14008#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:201 14009#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:206 14010#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:211 14011#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:216 14012msgid "unknown" 14013msgstr "Descoñecido" 14014 14015#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 14016#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:65 14017msgid "Man without a thigh" 14018msgstr "Home sen coxa" 14019 14020#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 14021#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:70 14022msgid "Jaw of the tapir" 14023msgstr "Mandíbula do tapir" 14024 14025#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 14026#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:71 14027#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:67 14028msgid "Hyades" 14029msgstr "Híades" 14030 14031#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 14032#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:75 14033msgid "Spirit of the black curassow" 14034msgstr "Espírito de guaco negro" 14035 14036#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 14037#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:76 14038msgid "Crux" 14039msgstr "Cruz" 14040 14041#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 14042#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:80 14043msgid "Hunter" 14044msgstr "Cazador" 14045 14046#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 14047#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:81 14048msgid "α Centauri" 14049msgstr "α Centauri" 14050 14051#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 14052#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:85 14053msgid "Torch" 14054msgstr "Facho" 14055 14056#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 14057#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:86 14058msgid "β Centauri" 14059msgstr "β Centauri" 14060 14061#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 14062#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:90 14063msgid "Spirit of the cocoi heron" 14064msgstr "Espírito da garza cocoa" 14065 14066#. type: Content of: <h3> 14067#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:91 14068#: ../../skycultures/russian_siberian/description.en.utf8:18 14069msgid "Ursa Major" 14070msgstr "Ursa Major" 14071 14072#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 14073#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:95 14074msgid "Spirit of the rufescent tiger heron" 14075msgstr "Espírito da garza tigre rufescente" 14076 14077#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 14078#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:100 14079msgid "Spirit of the four-eyed fish" 14080msgstr "Espírito do peixe de catro ollos" 14081 14082#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 14083#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:101 14084msgid "λ Sco and υ Sco" 14085msgstr "λ Sco e υ Sco" 14086 14087#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 14088#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:105 14089msgid "Spirit of the green sea turtle" 14090msgstr "Espírito da tartaruga do mar verde" 14091 14092#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 14093#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:106 14094msgid "Hercules" 14095msgstr "Hercules" 14096 14097#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 14098#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:110 14099msgid "Spirit of the yellow-footed tortoise" 14100msgstr "Espírito da tartaruga de pés amarelos" 14101 14102#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 14103#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:115 14104msgid "Spirit of the blue crab" 14105msgstr "Espírito do cangrexo azul" 14106 14107#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 14108#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:120 14109msgid "Spirit of the Muscovy duck" 14110msgstr "Espírito do parrulo Muscovy" 14111 14112#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 14113#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:125 14114msgid "Spirit of the awara palm" 14115msgstr "Espírito da palma awara" 14116 14117#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 14118#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:130 14119msgid "Spirit of the red acouchi" 14120msgstr "Espírito do acuchí vermello" 14121 14122#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 14123#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:135 14124msgid "Spirit of the red-rumped agouti" 14125msgstr "Espíritu do agutí de lombo vermello" 14126 14127#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 14128#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:140 14129msgid "Spirit of the jaguar" 14130msgstr "Espírito do xaguar" 14131 14132#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 14133#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:145 14134msgid "Spirit of the ocelot" 14135msgstr "Espírito do ocelote" 14136 14137#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 14138#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:150 14139msgid "Spirit of the pale-throated sloth" 14140msgstr "Espíritu do perezoso de gorxa pálida" 14141 14142#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 14143#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:155 14144msgid "Spirit of the two-toed sloth" 14145msgstr "Espírito do perezoso de dous dedos" 14146 14147#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 14148#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:160 14149msgid "Spirit of the green iguana" 14150msgstr "Espírito da iguana verde" 14151 14152#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 14153#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:165 14154msgid "Spirit of the lilac-tailed parrot" 14155msgstr "Espírito do loro de cola lila" 14156 14157#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 14158#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:170 14159msgid "Spirit of the marail guan" 14160msgstr "Espírito da maraila guan" 14161 14162#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 14163#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:175 14164msgid "Spirit of the little cuckoo" 14165msgstr "Espírito do pequeno cuco" 14166 14167#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 14168#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:180 14169msgid "Spirit of the red-handed tamarin" 14170msgstr "Espírito do tamarín de mans vermellas" 14171 14172#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 14173#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:185 14174msgid "Spirit of the white-faced saki" 14175msgstr "Espírito do saki de cara branca" 14176 14177#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 14178#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:190 14179msgid "Spirit of the scorpion" 14180msgstr "Espírito do escorpión" 14181 14182#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 14183#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:195 14184msgid "Spirit of the parrot" 14185msgstr "Espírito do loro" 14186 14187#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 14188#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:200 14189msgid "Spirit of a tortoise" 14190msgstr "Espírito do sapoconcho" 14191 14192#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 14193#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:205 14194msgid "Spirit of the bow and arrow" 14195msgstr "Espírito do arco e as frechas" 14196 14197#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 14198#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:210 14199msgid "Spirit of the gun" 14200msgstr "Espírito da arma" 14201 14202#. type: Content of: <p><table><tr><td> 14203#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:215 14204msgid "Medicine-men’s rattle" 14205msgstr "Axóuxere do menciñeiro" 14206 14207#. type: Content of: <h3> 14208#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:221 14209msgid "Lokono astronomical knowledge: an introduction" 14210msgstr "Coñecemento astronómico lokono: unha introdución" 14211 14212#. type: Content of: <p> 14213#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:222 14214msgid "" 14215"From contemporary and historical accounts, it appears that astronomical " 14216"knowledge was not restricted to particular members of the Lokono society. " 14217"However, it was the medicine-men in particular—the spiritual leaders " 14218"of the Lokono known as <i>semethi</i>—who were required to master the " 14219"various aspects of star knowledge and who might have been responsible for " 14220"passing the oral traditions associated with them from one generation to " 14221"another. From Rodrigo de Navarette, who around 1550 wrote one of the first " 14222"accounts of the Lokono, we learn, for instance, that:" 14223msgstr "" 14224"Según relatos contemporáneos e históricos, parece que o coñecemento " 14225"astronómico non estaba restrinxido a membros particulares da sociedade " 14226"Lokono. Sen embargo, foron os curandeiros en particular—os líderes " 14227"espirituais dos Lokono coñecidos como <i>semethi</i>— a quen se " 14228"obrigaba a dominar os diversos aspectos do coñecemento das estrelas e os que" 14229" se encargaban de pasar as tradicións orais asociadas a elas dunha xeración " 14230"a outra. De Rodrigo de Navarette, que arredor de 1550 escribiu unha das " 14231"primeiras contas do Lokono, aprendemos, por exemplo, que:" 14232 14233#. type: Content of: <p> 14234#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:223 14235msgid "" 14236"<em>“old and wise men whom they call Cemetu assemble in the houses " 14237"designed for their meetings and […] recount the traditions and " 14238"exploits of their ancestors and great men, and also narrate what those " 14239"ancestors heard from their forefathers; so that in this manner they remember" 14240" the most ancient events of their country and people. And, in like manner " 14241"they recount or preach about events relating to the heavens, the sun, moon, " 14242"and stars.”</em><sup><a href=\"#footnote-1\">[3]</a></sup>" 14243msgstr "" 14244"<em>“Os vellos e sabios, que eles chaman Cemetu, reúnense en casas " 14245"deseñadas para as súas xuntanzas e […] contan as tradicións e fazañas" 14246" dos seus antepasados e grandes homes, e tamén narran o que eses devanceiros" 14247" escoitaron dos seus antepasados, para que deste xeito recorden os " 14248"acontecementos máis antigos do seu país e pobo. E, do mesmo xeito, contan ou" 14249" predican sobre eventos relacionados cos ceos, o sol, a lúa e as " 14250"estrelas.”</em><sup><a href=\"#footnote-1\">[3]</a></sup>" 14251 14252#. type: Content of: <p> 14253#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:224 14254msgid "" 14255"Navarette's <i>cemetu</i>, the medicine-men known in modern Lokono as " 14256"<i>semethi</i>, have largely given up their practices today, which may be " 14257"the reason why the transmission of astronomical knowledge has been " 14258"interrupted. Many Lokono constellations appear to have been forgotten today." 14259" Our sources are therefore often limited to historical accounts written by " 14260"early explorers and ethnographers of the Guianas, one of the oldest examples" 14261" of which is illustrated below." 14262msgstr "" 14263" <i>cemetu</i> de Navarette, os menciñeiros coñécense en lokono moderno como" 14264" <i>semethi</i>, renunciaron ás súas prácticas hoxe en día, o que pode ser o" 14265" motivo polo que se interrompe a transmisión do coñecemento astronómico. " 14266"Hoxe en día parecen ter esquecidas moitas constelacións dos lokono. As nosas" 14267" fontes limítanse a miúdo a relatos históricos escritos por exploradores " 14268"antigos e etnógrafos das Guianas, un dos exemplos máis antigos é o que se " 14269"ilustra a continuación." 14270 14271#. type: Content of: <p><figure><p><figcaption> 14272#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:229 14273msgid "" 14274"Fig.1 List of Lokono stars by Theodor Schulz, circa 1803.<sup><a " 14275"href=\"#footnote-23\">[23]</a></sup>" 14276msgstr "" 14277"Fig.1 Listaxe de estrelas lokono de Theodor Schulz, circa 1803.<sup><a " 14278"href=\"#footnote-23\">[23]</a></sup>" 14279 14280#. type: Content of: <p> 14281#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:233 14282msgid "" 14283"It is this literature that allows us to party reconstruct the Lokono stellar" 14284" knowledge, described below. Before discussing the individual celestial " 14285"bodies, however, several general features of Lokono astronomy merit a " 14286"mention, namely:" 14287msgstr "" 14288"É esta literatura a que nos permite reconstruír o coñecemento das estrelas " 14289"dos Lokono que se describe a continuación. Antes de entrar nos corpos " 14290"celestes individuais, con todo, varias características xerais da astronomía " 14291"lokona merecen unha mención, a saber:" 14292 14293#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 14294#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:235 14295msgid "" 14296"the overlap with the astronomical traditions of neighboring indigenous " 14297"groups." 14298msgstr "" 14299"o solapamento coas tradicións astronómicas dos grupos indíxenas veciños." 14300 14301#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 14302#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:236 14303msgid "" 14304"the oral traditions explaining the origin and significance of celestial " 14305"bodies." 14306msgstr "" 14307"as tradicións orais que explican a orixe e importancia dos corpos celestes." 14308 14309#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 14310#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:237 14311msgid "" 14312"the use of the term <em>koya</em> ‘spirit’ in the names of " 14313"numerous constellations." 14314msgstr "" 14315"o uso do termo <em>koya</em> ‘espírito’ no nome de numerosas " 14316"constelacións." 14317 14318#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 14319#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:238 14320msgid "" 14321"the use of the general term <em>wiwa</em> ‘star, year’ and the " 14322"lack of other astronomical terms." 14323msgstr "" 14324"o uso do termo xeral <em>wiwa</em> ‘estrela, ano’ e a falta " 14325"doutros termos astronómicos." 14326 14327#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 14328#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:239 14329msgid "the sky watching practices of the Lokono." 14330msgstr "as prácticas de observación do ceo dos Lokono." 14331 14332#. type: Content of: <h3> 14333#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:243 14334msgid "1. Shared Guianan knowledge" 14335msgstr "1. Coñecemento guaianés compartido" 14336 14337#. type: Content of: <p> 14338#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:244 14339msgid "" 14340"The Lokono territory borders that of two linguistically unrelated indigenous" 14341" peoples, the Kari’na, speaking a Cariban language, and the Warao, " 14342"speaking a language isolate. Though unrelated and traditionally not " 14343"intermarrying, the three groups share a great deal of material and " 14344"immaterial culture. Ethnoastronomical tradition of the three peoples also " 14345"shows a number of striking similarities, such as shared stellar myths, " 14346"similar names of constellations, and parallels in the stellar calendar. This" 14347" speaks to the contacts between the three groups and to the exchange of " 14348"astronomical knowledge, possibly facilitated by their respective spiritual " 14349"leaders, such as the Lokono <em>semethi</em>. The degree to which these " 14350"traditions overlap and the directionality of their exchange require further " 14351"study. Here, we focus on the Lokono and therefore do not discuss these " 14352"cultural borrowings in detail, unless they shed light on the Lokono " 14353"ethnoastronomy." 14354msgstr "" 14355"O territorio lokono fai fronteira con dous pobos indíxenas lingüisticamente " 14356"sen relación, o Karina, que fala unha lingua caribana e o Warao, que fala un" 14357" idioma illado. Aínda que non están relacionados e tradicionalmente non " 14358"casan, os tres grupos comparten unha gran cantidade de material e cultura " 14359"inmaterial. A tradición etnoastronómica dos tres pobos tamén amosa unha " 14360"sorprendente similitude, como mitos estelares compartidos, nomes similares " 14361"de constelacións e paralelismos no calendario estelar. Isto fala dos " 14362"contactos entre os tres grupos e do intercambio de coñecementos " 14363"astronómicos, posiblemente facilitados polos seus respectivos líderes " 14364"espirituais, como o Lokono<em>semethi</em>. O grao no que estas tradicións " 14365"se superpoñen e a direccionalidade do seu intercambio requiren máis estudos." 14366" Aquí, centrámonos no Lokono e, polo tanto, non debatemos estes préstamos " 14367"culturais en detalle, a menos que boten luz sobre a etnoastronomía dos " 14368"Lokono." 14369 14370#. type: Content of: <h3> 14371#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:246 14372msgid "2. Stellar oral traditions" 14373msgstr "2. Tradicións orais estelares" 14374 14375#. type: Content of: <p> 14376#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:247 14377msgid "" 14378"One of such shared features are myths about stars. Such oral traditions tell" 14379" of the origins of particular celestial bodies, link them to one another, " 14380"and explain their influence on the natural world. The Lokono constellation " 14381"<em>Hithikoya</em> ‘Spirit of the black curassow’, for instance," 14382" is linked in a Lokono myth to that of <em>Yokhârhin</em> " 14383"‘Hunter’ and <em>Alêti</em> ‘Torch’, all three" 14384" of which have Kari’na and Warao equivalents. It is these oral " 14385"traditions, preserved by the medicine-men, that likely served as the main " 14386"vehicle through which astronomical knowledge was passed from one generation " 14387"to another. For this reason, summaries of the relevant myths are given in " 14388"the description of particular constellations. Occasionally, when the " 14389"relevant Lokono myth is not documented, myths of the neighboring groups are " 14390"referred to in order to illuminate the significance of particular celestial " 14391"bodies. Given that many of such oral traditions are shared by the Lokono and" 14392" the neighboring groups, this enhancement of the poorly preserved Lokono " 14393"astronomical knowledge is justified." 14394msgstr "" 14395"Unha destas características compartidas son os mitos sobre as estrelas. " 14396"Estas tradicións orais falan das orixes de corpos celestes particulares, " 14397"enlazan uns cos outros e explican a súa influencia no mundo natural. A " 14398"constelación dos lokono <em>Hithikoya</em> ‘Espírito do perezoso " 14399"negro’, por exemplo, está ligado a un mito dos lokono de " 14400"<em>Yokhârhin</em> ‘Cazador’ e <em>Alêti</em> " 14401"‘Facho’, os tres dos que teñen equivalentes Karina e Warao. Son " 14402"estas tradicións orais, conservadas polos menciñeiros, as que probablemente " 14403"serviron como o principal vehículo a través do que se transmitiu o " 14404"coñecemento astronómico dunha xeración a outra. Por este motivo, resúmense " 14405"dos mitos relevantes na descrición de constelacións particulares. Ás veces, " 14406"cando o mito lokono relevante non está documentado, refírense os mitos dos " 14407"grupos veciños para iluminar o significado de determinados corpos celestes. " 14408"Dado que moitas destas tradicións orais son compartidas polos lokono e os " 14409"grupos veciños, esta mellora do coñecemento astronómico lokono mal " 14410"conservado está xustificada." 14411 14412#. type: Content of: <h3> 14413#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:249 14414msgid "3. Calendar of spirits" 14415msgstr "3. Calendario de espíritos" 14416 14417#. type: Content of: <p> 14418#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:250 14419msgid "" 14420"The term <em>koya</em> ‘spirit’, found in numerous constellation" 14421" names typically following a term for a particular plant or animal, is a key" 14422" feature of Lokono astronomy. Walter Roth, an ethnographer of the Guianas, " 14423"explains that such constellations are the spirits of the corresponding " 14424"beings.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-4\">[4]</a></sup> At a time of the year when" 14425" the constellation appears, the spirit travels from the sky to earth to " 14426"breathe life into the beings it represents. As such, the " 14427"<em>koya</em>-constellations formed a calendar, indicating what the best " 14428"time is to engage in subsistence activities related to these plants and " 14429"animals (e.g. hunting or gathering). The Lokono may have also known where " 14430"such spirits would descend on earth; Walter Roth suggests that they called " 14431"these places with the same names as the constellations but the evidence of " 14432"that remains poor. Thus, <em>Hadorhikoya</em> ‘Spirit of the red " 14433"acouchi’ would refer to the spirit, the constellation, and the place " 14434"where the <em>hadorhi</em> is found in plenty when its constellation " 14435"appears. While this toponymic knowledge is forgotten today, the " 14436"<em>koya</em>-constellations remind us of the great understanding of the " 14437"plant and animal life that the Lokono possessed." 14438msgstr "" 14439"O termo <em>koya</em> ‘espírito’, atopado en numerosos nomes de constelación, normalmente seguindo un termo para unha determinada planta ou animal, é unha característica clave da astronomía dos lokono. Walter Roth, etnógrafo das Guaianas, explica que tales constelacións son os espíritos dos seres correspondentes.\n" 14440" <sup><a href=\"#footnote-4\">[4]</a></sup> Nun momento do ano no que aparece a constelación, o espírito viaxa do ceo á terra para respirar a vida nos seres que representa. Como tal, o <em>koya</em>-as constelacións formaron un calendario, indicando cal é o mellor momento para realizar actividades de subsistencia relacionadas con estas plantas e animais (por exemplo, caza ou reunión). Os lokono tamén puideron saber por onde descenderían estes espíritos na terra; Walter Roth suxire que chamaron a estes lugares cos mesmos nomes que as constelacións, pero a evidencia diso segue sendo deficiente. Así, <em>Hadorhikoya</em> ‘Espírito do acuchí vermello’ referiríase ao espírito, á constelación e ao lugar onde<em>hadorhi</em> se atopa en abundancia cando aparece a súa constelación. Aínda que hoxe se descoñece este coñecemento toponímico, o <em>koya</em>-as constelacións lémbrannos a grande comprensión da vida vexetal e animal que posuían os lokono." 14441 14442#. type: Content of: <h3> 14443#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:252 14444msgid "4.<em> Wiwa</em>, the star and the year" 14445msgstr "4.<em> Wiwa</em>, a estrela e o ano" 14446 14447#. type: Content of: <p> 14448#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:253 14449msgid "" 14450"The Lokono also have another general term that is used to refer to stars, " 14451"<em>wiwa</em>. The term lacks the spiritual connotations of <em>koya. " 14452"</em>It refers, on the one hand, to the physical quality of stars as " 14453"something shining and, on the other hand, to the calendar year. As such, it " 14454"is used, for instance, when talking about one’s age. While it can " 14455"apply to any star, <em>wiwa</em> appears only in two proper names of " 14456"celestial bodies. <em>Yôkoro wiwa</em>, literally ‘Scores of " 14457"stars’ (Pleiades), is the most important of all Lokono constellations," 14458" whose appearance traditionally commences the Lokono calendar year. " 14459"Following <em>Yôkoro wiwa</em> are the numerous " 14460"<em>koya</em>-constellations, each signaling a different season in the " 14461"Lokono calendar. On the other hand, <em>Wiwa kalemero</em>, literally " 14462"‘Shining star’ (Jupiter) appears to have been singled out solely" 14463" due to its brightness. Apart from <em>wiwa </em>and <em>koya</em>, there " 14464"are no generic terms distinguishing planets, stars, moons, suns, galaxies " 14465"and so on in the Lokono language. For this reason, the Lokono equivalent of " 14466"the Milky Way, for instance, is included among other constellations." 14467msgstr "" 14468"Os lokono tamén teñen outro termo xeral para se referiren ás estrelas, " 14469"<em>wiwa</em>. O termo carece das connotacións espirituais de<em>koya. " 14470"</em>. Refírese, por unha banda, á calidade física das estrelas como algo " 14471"brillante e, por outra banda, ao ano natural. Como tal, emprégase, por " 14472"exemplo, cando se fala da idade. Aínda que pode aplicarse a calquera " 14473"estrela, <em>wiwa</em> aparece só en dous nomes propios de corpos celestes. " 14474"<em>Yôkoro wiwa</em>, literalmente ‘Grupos de estrelas’ " 14475"(Pleiades), é a máis importante de todas as constelacións dos lokono, cuxa " 14476"aparición comeza tradicionalmente co ano natural dos lokono. Seguindo " 14477"a<em>Yôkoro wiwa</em> hai numerosos <em>koya</em>-constelacións, cada " 14478"unha sinalando unha estación diferente no calendario lokoro. Por outra " 14479"parte, <em>Wiwa kalemero</em>, literalmente ‘Estrela brillante’ " 14480"(Xúpiter) parece que se distingue só polo seu brillo. Á parte de <em>wiwa " 14481"</em>e <em>koya</em>, non hai termos xenéricos para distinguir planetas, " 14482"estrelas, lúas, sol, galaxias... na linguaxe dos lokono. Por este motivo, o " 14483"equivalente lokono á Vía Láctea, por exemplo, está incluída entre outras " 14484"constelacións." 14485 14486#. type: Content of: <h3> 14487#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:255 14488msgid "5. Sky watching practices" 14489msgstr "5. Prácticas de observación do ceo" 14490 14491#. type: Content of: <p> 14492#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:256 14493msgid "" 14494"While the Lokono can admire the sky in the evening, to follow the Lokono " 14495"stellar calendar, one has to look at the constellations around 4 am in the " 14496"morning, the time when the Lokono usually wake up. The Lokono thus observe " 14497"the rising of the constellations in the morning. To get the right idea of " 14498"the yearly cycle of constellations, one should also set the viewing location" 14499" to the Guianas (e.g. Georgetown, Paramaribo, or Cayenne in the location " 14500"menu). It merits a mention that many Lokono, when drawing constellations, " 14501"did not connect the stars with lines and that in some cases, there was " 14502"little agreement among speakers as to which star within a constellation " 14503"corresponds to which parts of the plant or animal it represents. In " 14504"Stellarium, we represent constellations with lines, but it should be kept in" 14505" mind that this may be a distortion of the Lokono tradition, which allows " 14506"for more flexibility in interpreting particular star groups. Finally, there " 14507"are restrictions on looking at some celestial bodies, since it is believed " 14508"that a spirit can harm one if looked at.<sup><a " 14509"href=\"#footnote-5\">[5]</a></sup> For instance, by full moon, mothers " 14510"covered the eyes of their children so that they would not become " 14511"sick.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-6\">[6]</a></sup> Young people were also told " 14512"not to look at <em>Yôkoro wiwa</em> (Pleiades), or else they would not" 14513" grow.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-7\">[7]</a></sup> Such practices applied also" 14514" to other objects believed to harbor powerful spirits and included other " 14515"ways of avoiding eye-contact with spirits such rubbing peppers, limes, or " 14516"salt into one’s eyes." 14517msgstr "" 14518"Mentres os lokono poden admirar o ceo pola noite, para seguir o calendario " 14519"estelar dos lokono, hai que mirar as constelacións arredor das 4 da mañá, " 14520"hora na que os lokono normalmente espertan. Os lokono observan así a subida " 14521"das constelacións pola mañá. Para ter a idea correcta do ciclo anual das " 14522"constelacións tamén hai que ter en conta a situación de visualización en " 14523"Guaianas (por exemplo, Georgetown, Paramaribo ou Cayenne no menú de " 14524"localización). Merece unha mención que moitos lokono, ó debuxaren " 14525"constelacións, non conectan as estrelas coas liñas e que, nalgúns casos, " 14526"houbo pouco acordo entre os falantes sobre a estrela correspondente a unha " 14527"constelación, que partes da planta ou animal representa. En Stellarium, " 14528"representamos constelacións con liñas, pero hai que ter en conta que isto " 14529"pode ser unha distorsión da tradición lokono, o que permite unha maior " 14530"flexibilidade na interpretación de grupos estrelas particulares. Finalmente," 14531" hai restricións ó mirar algúns corpos celestes, xa que se cre que un " 14532"espírito pódeo prexudicar a un se mira.<sup><a " 14533"href=\"#footnote-5\">[5]</a></sup> Por exemplo, na lúa chea as nais tapan os" 14534" ollos dos fillos para que non enfermen.<sup><a " 14535"href=\"#footnote-6\">[6]</a></sup> Ós mozos tamén se lles di que non miren " 14536"para <em>Yôkoro wiwa</em> (Pleiades), porque se non non han " 14537"medrar.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-7\">[7]</a></sup> Estas prácticas " 14538"aplicábanse tamén a outros obxectos que se cría que contiñan espíritus " 14539"poderosos e incluían outras formas de evitar o contacto visual con " 14540"espíritos, como fregar pementos, lima ou sal nos ollos." 14541 14542#. type: Content of: <h3> 14543#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:258 14544msgid "Lokono celestial bodies" 14545msgstr "Corpos celestes dos lokono" 14546 14547#. type: Content of: <p> 14548#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:259 14549msgid "<em>Hadali</em> 'Sun'" 14550msgstr "<em>Hadali</em> 'Sol'" 14551 14552#. type: Content of: <p> 14553#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:260 14554msgid "" 14555"The Lokono term for the Sun is <em>Hadali</em>, also pronounced as " 14556"<em>Adali</em>. Claaudius de Goeje suggests that the variously spelled names" 14557" of the Lokono culture hero, the first medicine-man known as " 14558"<em>Harlitvanli</em>, <em>Haliwalika</em>, <em>Halwanli</em>, " 14559"<em>Hariwalli</em>, and <em>Arawanili</em>, and sometimes <em>Arawidi,</em> " 14560"may all refer to the same hero identified as the Sun.<sup><a " 14561"href=\"#footnote-8\">[8]</a></sup> While we cannot confirm this hypothesis, " 14562"the myth of <em>Arawidi</em> is worth mentioning. In the Lokono myth, " 14563"<em>Arawidi</em>, the Sun, is the father of a man that becomes the " 14564"constellation <em>Mabukuli</em> ‘Man without a thigh’ " 14565"(Orion’s belt).<sup><a href=\"#footnote-9\">[9], </a></sup><sup><a " 14566"href=\"#footnote-10\">[10], </a></sup><sup><a " 14567"href=\"#footnote-11\">[11]</a></sup> According to the story, the Sun used to" 14568" come to earth in the shape of a man called <em>Arawidi</em> to meet his " 14569"lover with whom he had twins. In a later episode of the myth, one of the " 14570"twins marries a woman, whose mother the couple decide to kill. When they try" 14571" to escape, the wife’s sister chases them and manages to cut off his " 14572"leg in revenge. As a result, the man ascends to the sky and becomes the " 14573"constellation <em>Mabukuli</em>. Another Lokono myth warns against offending" 14574" the Sun: a man, stuck on an uninhabited island in the middle of a swamp, " 14575"cries out for help. A boat passes him, but inside the boat is the Sun, which" 14576" does not want to help the man, since people always complain that the Sun " 14577"shines too hard.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-11\">[11]</a></sup>. As far as " 14578"practices related to the Sun, Im Thurn reported that among the Lokono, the " 14579"eclipse of the Sun was considered a war between <em>Hadali</em> and " 14580"<em>Kathi</em>, the Moon, and that the Lokono would shout and make all kinds" 14581" of noises to stop them from fighting.<sup><a " 14582"href=\"#footnote-12\">[12]</a></sup>" 14583msgstr "" 14584"O termo lokono para Sol é <em>Hadali</em>, tamén pronunciado como " 14585"<em>Adali</em>. Claaudius de Goeje suxire que os diversos nomes do heroe da " 14586"cultura lokono, o primeiro menciñeiro foi coñecido cos nomes de " 14587"<em>Harlitvanli</em>, <em>Haliwalika</em>, <em>Halwanli</em>, " 14588"<em>Hariwalli</em>, e <em>Arawanili</em>, e ás veces <em>Arawidi,</em> poden" 14589" referirse todos ó mesmo heroe identificado co Sol.<sup><a " 14590"href=\"#footnote-8\">[8]</a></sup> Aínda que non podemos confirmar esta " 14591"hipótese, cabe mencionar o mito de <em>Arawidi</em>. No mito dos lokono, " 14592"<em>Arawidi</em>, o Sol, é o pai dun home que se converte na constelación " 14593"<em>Mabukuli</em> ‘Home sen coxa’ (Cinturón de Orion).<sup><a " 14594"href=\"#footnote-9\">[9], </a></sup><sup><a href=\"#footnote-10\">[10], " 14595"</a></sup><sup><a href=\"#footnote-11\">[11]</a></sup> Segundo o relato, o " 14596"Sol adoitaba chegar á terra coa forma dun home chamado <em>Arawidi</em> para" 14597" estar coa súa amante coa que tiña xemelgos. Nun episodio posterior do mito," 14598" un dos xemelgos casa cunha muller, cuxa nai a parella decide matar. Cando " 14599"intentan fuxir, a irmá da esposa perségueos y logra cortarlle a perna a el " 14600"en vinganza. Como resultado, o home ascende ao ceo e convértese na " 14601"constelación <em>Mabukuli</em>. Outro mito de Lokono advirte de ofender o " 14602"Sol: un home, preso nunha illa deshabitada no medio dun pantano, clama por " 14603"axuda. Un barco achégaselle, pero dentro do barco está o Sol, que non quere " 14604"axudar o home porque a xente sempre se queixa de que o Sol brilla " 14605"demasiado.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-11\">[11]</a></sup>. En canto ás " 14606"prácticas relacionadas co Sol, Im Thurn informou de que entre os lokono, o " 14607"eclipse do Sol era considerado coma unha guerra entre <em>Hadali</em> e " 14608"<em>Kathi</em>, a Lúa, e que os lokono berraban e facían todo tipo de ruídos" 14609" para impedirlles loitar.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-12\">[12]</a></sup>" 14610 14611#. type: Content of: <p> 14612#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:262 14613msgid "<em>Kathi</em> 'Moon'" 14614msgstr "<em>Kathi</em> 'Lúa'" 14615 14616#. type: Content of: <p> 14617#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:263 14618msgid "" 14619"The moon is known as <em>Kathi</em>, a term first recorded by Joannes de " 14620"Laet as <em>cattehee</em> around 1598, and used also to refer to the lunar " 14621"month.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-13\">[13]</a></sup> According to the Lokono, " 14622"the Moon, like the Sun, was once a man. Walter Roth reports a Lokono myth, " 14623"in which a young woman was visited by a mysterious lover night after " 14624"night.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-10\">[10]</a></sup> To find out who the lover" 14625" was, the woman smeared her hands with the soot from the bottom of a pot. " 14626"Next day, when she woke up, she found that her brother’s face was " 14627"covered in soot and realized it was him who visited her at night. Everybody " 14628"in her community started to avoid the incestuous brother, who became so " 14629"ashamed that he kept away from the people and ultimately ascended to the " 14630"sky, becoming the Moon. This is why, according to the Lokono, the face of " 14631"the moon is dirty today. The Moon appears also in another myth. In the " 14632"Lokono myth about a man stuck on an uninhabited island mentioned above, " 14633"another boat passes the man, but this time inside is the Moon, which decides" 14634" to help the man, since people are always happy to see the Moon come out at " 14635"night.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-11\">[11]</a></sup> The Moon and Sun are also" 14636" depicted as opponents. In previous times, the Lokono believed that the " 14637"eclipse of the Moon is its death (<em>kathi ôdon</em> ‘moon " 14638"dying’) and would keep watch all night.<sup><a " 14639"href=\"#footnote-6\">[6]</a></sup> The Lokono say during the eclipse of the " 14640"Moon that the Moon has fallen asleep on the Sun’s path.<sup><a " 14641"href=\"#footnote-11\">[11]</a></sup> Therefore, they make a lot of noise, " 14642"play drums, and blow shell trumpets to wake him up. By full moon, mothers " 14643"would cover the eyes of their children so that they do not become sick." 14644msgstr "" 14645"A lúa coñécese como <em>Kathi</em>, un termo rexistrado antes por Joannes de" 14646" Laet como <em>cattehee</em> arredor de 1598, e usado tamén para referirse " 14647"ó mes lunar.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-13\">[13]</a></sup> Segundo os lokono, " 14648"a Lúa, coma o Sol, antes era un home. Walter Roth relata un mito dos lokono " 14649"no que unha muller nova foi visitada por un misterioso amante noite tras " 14650"noite.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-10\">[10]</a></sup> Para descubrir quen era o" 14651" amante, a muller esfregou as mans coa ferruxe do fondo dun pote. Ó día " 14652"seguinte, ó espertar, descubriu que a cara do seu irmán estaba tisnada e " 14653"deuse conta de que fora el quen a visitara de noite. Todos na súa comunidade" 14654" comezaron a evitar o irmán incestuoso, que se avergoñou e se afastou das " 14655"persoas e ó final ascendeu ó ceo, converténdose na Lúa. É por iso que, " 14656"segundo os lokono, a cara da lúa está manchada a día de hoxe. A Lúa aparece " 14657"tamén noutro mito lokono sobre un home preso nunha illa deshabitada " 14658"mencionada anteriormente; outro barco achégase ó home, pero nesta ocasión " 14659"está a Lúa, que decide axudalo, xa que a xente sempre está feliz de ver a " 14660"Lúa saír pola noite.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-11\">[11]</a></sup> A lúa e o " 14661"sol tamén se representan como opostos. En tempos anteriores os lokono crían " 14662"que a eclipse de Lúa era a súa morte (<em>kathi ôdon</em> ‘lúa " 14663"morrendo’) e vixiábana toda a noite.<sup><a " 14664"href=\"#footnote-6\">[6]</a></sup> Os Lokono din durante a eclipse da Lúa " 14665"que a Lúa quedou durmida no camiño do Sol.<sup><a " 14666"href=\"#footnote-11\">[11]</a></sup> Por iso fan moito ruído, tocan os " 14667"tambores e sopran trompetas para espertalo. Na lúa chea as nais tapaban os " 14668"ollos dos fillos para que non enfermasen." 14669 14670#. type: Content of: <p> 14671#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:265 14672msgid "<em>Warhokoma</em> 'Venus'" 14673msgstr "<em>Warhokoma</em> 'Venus'" 14674 14675#. type: Content of: <p> 14676#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:266 14677msgid "" 14678"The planet Venus, both when it appears in the morning as the Morning Star " 14679"and when it appears in the evening as the Evening Star, is called " 14680"<em>Warhokoma</em> by the Lokono.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-8\">[8], " 14681"</a></sup><sup><a href=\"#footnote-14\">[14], </a></sup><sup><a " 14682"href=\"#footnote-15\">[15]</a></sup> Charles Dance, on the other hand, " 14683"reports the terms <em>Eweiwah</em> and <em>Huewah</em>, probably the " 14684"equivalents of the general term <em>wiwa</em> ‘star’ which can " 14685"be used for any shining celestial body.<sup><a " 14686"href=\"#footnote-16\">[16]</a></sup> The Lokono also speak of Venus as " 14687"<em>Hiyaro wiwa</em> ‘women’s star’. In relation to this, " 14688"it merits a mention that Claudius de Goeje reports that when <em>Hiyaro " 14689"wiwa</em> appears close to the Moon, and a girl is about to have her first " 14690"menstruation, the Lokono say that the girl will soon be touched by the " 14691"Moon.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-5\">[5]</a></sup> There is no myth about " 14692"<em>Warhokoma</em> specifically and its relation to the Moon, but it is " 14693"worth reminding that the Lokono know a story, in which the Moon was " 14694"originally a man who committed incest with his sister (see the myth " 14695"mentioned under <em>Kathi</em>), and has a name as a womanizer.<sup><a " 14696"href=\"#footnote-10\">[10]</a></sup> Interestingly, the name " 14697"<em>Warhokoma</em> for Morning or Evening Star appears also in " 14698"Kari’na, who see it also as the Moon's wife.<sup><a " 14699"href=\"#footnote-17\">[17],</a></sup> <sup><a " 14700"href=\"#footnote-18\">[18]</a></sup>" 14701msgstr "" 14702"O planeta Venus, tanto cando aparece pola mañá como a Estrela Mañá como " 14703"cando aparece pola noite como a Estrela da noite é chamada " 14704"<em>Warhokoma</em> polos lokono.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-8\">[8], " 14705"</a></sup><sup><a href=\"#footnote-14\">[14], </a></sup><sup><a " 14706"href=\"#footnote-15\">[15]</a></sup> Charles Dance, por outra banda, " 14707"rexistra os termos <em>Eweiwah</em> e <em>Huewah</em>, probablemente os " 14708"equivalentes ó termo xeral <em>wiwa</em> ‘estrela’ que se pode " 14709"usar para calquera corpo celeste brillante.<sup><a " 14710"href=\"#footnote-16\">[16]</a></sup> Os lokono tamén lle chaman a Venus " 14711"<em>Hiyaro wiwa</em> ‘muller’s estrela’. En relación con " 14712"isto cabe mencionar que Claudio de Goeje informa de que cando <em>Hiyaro " 14713"wiwa</em> aparece preto da Lúa e unha rapaza está a piques de ter a súa " 14714"primeira menstruación, os lokono din que a rapaza axiña será tocada pola " 14715"Lúa.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-5\">[5]</a></sup> Non hai mitos específicos " 14716"sobre <em>Warhokoma</em> e a súa relación coa Lúa, pero convén lembrar que " 14717"os Lokono contan unha historia na que a Lúa foi orixinalmente un home que " 14718"cometeu incesto coa súa irmá (ver o mito mencionado en <em>Kathi</em>), e " 14719"ten un nome de muller.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-10\">[10]</a></sup> " 14720"Curiosamente o nome <em>Warhokoma</em> para a estrela da mañá ou do serán " 14721"aparece tamén en Kari’na, que tamén a ve como a esposa da lúa.<sup><a " 14722"href=\"#footnote-17\">[17],</a></sup> <sup><a " 14723"href=\"#footnote-18\">[18]</a></sup>" 14724 14725#. type: Content of: <p> 14726#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:268 14727msgid "<em>Waya nukuthi bunaha</em> 'Milky Way'" 14728msgstr "<em>Waya nukuthi bunaha</em> 'Vía Láctea'" 14729 14730#. type: Content of: <p> 14731#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:269 14732msgid "" 14733"The Milky Way is known among the Lokono as <em>Waya nukuthi bunaha, " 14734"</em>literally ‘Path of the carriers of clay’. The Milky Way " 14735"represents the footprints of men who once went to fetch clay for making " 14736"pots, an art that is, rarely if at all, practiced by the Lokono today. The " 14737"origin of the name, however, is still known, and is summarized in a " 14738"myth.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-19\">[19]</a></sup> The same name for Milky " 14739"Way was noted by William Brett who adds that it is named after a specific " 14740"whitish type of clay.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-14\">[14]</a></sup> Charles " 14741"Dance, on the other hand, says that the Milky Way represents the footprints " 14742"of peccaries rooting up the clay, while Walter Roth mentions a different " 14743"Lokono explanation, according to which the Milky way represents a tapir " 14744"chased by a dog and jaguar.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-10\">[10], " 14745"</a></sup><sup><a href=\"#footnote-16\">[16]</a></sup> However, these two " 14746"sources do not give the corresponding Lokono name for the Milky Way, and it " 14747"is possible that these two explanations are a Kari’na influence, who " 14748"recognize a constellation of a tiger following the constellation of a tapir " 14749"within that of the Milky Way.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-17\">[17]</a></sup>" 14750msgstr "" 14751"A Vía Láctea é coñecida entre os Lokono como <em>Waya nukuthi bunaha, </em>literalmente ‘Camiño dos portadores de arxila’. A Vía Láctea representa as pegadas de homes que unha vez foron buscar arxila para fabricar macetas, unha arte que, rara vez seguen practicando hoxe os lokono. Non obstante aínda se coñece a orixe do nome e resúmese nun mito.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-19\">[19]</a></sup> William Brett sinalou o mesmo nome para a Vía Láctea e engade que leva o nome dun tipo de arxila abrancazada.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-14\">[14]</a></sup> Charles Dance, pola súa banda, di que a Vía Láctea representa as pegadas de pecarís que xorden da arxila, mentres que Walter Roth menciona unha explicación dos lokono diferente, segundo a cal a Vía Láctea representa un tapir perseguido por un can e un jaguar.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-10\">[10], </a></sup><sup><a href=\"#footnote-16\">[16]</a></sup> Non obstante, estas dúas fontes non dan o nome lokono correspondente á Vía Láctea e é posible que estas dúas explicacións sexan unha influencia de Kari’na, que recoñece a constelación dun tigre seguindo a constelación dun tapir dentro da Vía Láctea\n" 14752" .<sup><a href=\"#footnote-17\">[17]</a></sup>" 14753 14754#. type: Content of: <p> 14755#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:271 14756msgid "<em>Mali</em> 'Sirius'" 14757msgstr "<em>Mali</em> 'Sirius'" 14758 14759#. type: Content of: <p> 14760#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:272 14761msgid "" 14762"The modern Lokono call Sirius <em>Mali</em>, the literal meaning of which is" 14763" unknown. Cornelius van Coll describes a Lokono star called <em>Mali</em> " 14764"and explains that it is a very powerful star.<sup><a " 14765"href=\"#footnote-7\">[7], </a></sup><sup><a " 14766"href=\"#footnote-17\">[17]</a></sup> When it comes up in the morning in " 14767"August, it kills the fish in the swamps, and one should not point at it or " 14768"one’s finger will become lame. Cornelius van Coll’s " 14769"<em>Mali</em> marks the beginning of the big dry season (August to " 14770"December), called in Lokono <em>malidalithe</em>, a term derived from " 14771"<em>Mali</em>. Older sources identified <em>Mali</em> tentatively as Lyra, " 14772"Aquila, or Crux, but given that the big dry season starts around August and " 14773"that the Lokono observe the stars in the morning, these identifications must" 14774" be incorrect; Lyra, Aquila, and Crux cannot be seen at this time from the " 14775"Lokono territories.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-11\">[11], </a></sup><sup><a " 14776"href=\"#footnote-17\">[17]</a></sup> There are no Lokono myths about " 14777"<em>Mali</em>, but there is evidence that is may correspond to the " 14778"Kari’na constellation <em>Ombatapo</em> ‘Previous face’. " 14779"The Kari’na myths explain the origin of the constellation and its " 14780"name, which, like the Lokono <em>Mali</em>, is believed to kill the fish in " 14781"the swamps and announces the beginning of the big dry season. Moreover, the " 14782"Kari’na <em>Ombatapo </em>is identified as parts of Puppis and Canis " 14783"Major, the latter of which includes Sirius.<sup><a " 14784"href=\"#footnote-18\">[18], </a></sup><sup><a " 14785"href=\"#footnote-20\">[20]</a></sup>" 14786msgstr "" 14787"O lokono moderno chámalle a Sirius <em>Mali</em>, cuxa tradución literal nos" 14788" é descoñecida. Cornelius van Coll describe unha estrela lokono chamada " 14789"<em>Mali</em> e explica que é unha estrela moi poderosa.<sup><a " 14790"href=\"#footnote-7\">[7], </a></sup><sup><a " 14791"href=\"#footnote-17\">[17]</a></sup> Cando sae na mañá de agosto, mata o " 14792"peixe nos pantanos, e non se debe sinalar porque quen o faga ha quedar sen " 14793"dedo. O <em>Mali</em> de Cornelius van Coll marca o inicio da gran estación " 14794"seca (de agosto a decembro), chamada en lokono <em>malidalithe</em>, un " 14795"termo derivado de <em>Mali</em>. Fontes antigas identificaron <em>Mali</em> " 14796"como Lyra, Aquila ou Crux, pero dado que a gran estación seca comeza arredor" 14797" de agosto e que os lokono observan as estrelas pola mañá, estas " 14798"identificacións deben ser incorrectas; Lyra, Aquila e Crux non se poden ver " 14799"neses momentos dende os territorios dos lokono.<sup><a " 14800"href=\"#footnote-11\">[11], </a></sup><sup><a " 14801"href=\"#footnote-17\">[17]</a></sup> Non hai mitos lokonos sobre " 14802"<em>Mali</em>, pero hai evidencia de que se pode corresponder coa " 14803"constelación Kari’na <em>Ombatapo</em> ‘Cara anterior’. Os" 14804" mitos de Kari’na explican a orixe da constelación e o seu nome, que, " 14805"coma o lokono <em>Mali</em>, se cre que matará os peixes nos pantanos e " 14806"anuncia o comezo da gran estación seca. Moreover, a Kari’na " 14807"<em>Ombatapo </em>identifícase como parte de Puppis e Canis Maior, a última " 14808"das cales inclúe Sirius.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-18\">[18], " 14809"</a></sup><sup><a href=\"#footnote-20\">[20]</a></sup>" 14810 14811#. type: Content of: <p> 14812#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:274 14813msgid "<em>Yôkoro wiwa</em> 'Scores of stars'" 14814msgstr "<em>Yôkoro wiwa</em> 'Agrupacións de estrelas'" 14815 14816#. type: Content of: <p> 14817#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:275 14818msgid "" 14819"The constellation <em>Yôkoro wiwa</em> or <em>Wiwa yôkoro</em>, " 14820"literally ‘Score of stars’, refers to the Pleiades and is easily" 14821" recognized by the contemporary Lokono. This is likely because " 14822"<em>Yôkoro wiwa</em> is described as the most important of Lokono " 14823"constellations, since it announce the beginning of the Lokono year.<sup><a " 14824"href=\"#footnote-17\">[17]</a></sup> After it comes out first in June in the" 14825" east, it is followed by the numerous <em>koya</em>-constellations referring" 14826" to the spirits of animals and plants that constitute the Lokono calendar. " 14827"At that time of the year, the Lokono say <em>Yôkoro wiwa kayaran</em> " 14828"‘the birth of <em>Yôkoro wiwa</em>’. It is said that if " 14829"<em>Yôkoro wiwa</em> shines strong when it appears for the first time," 14830" many people will die in the coming year.<sup><a " 14831"href=\"#footnote-5\">[5]</a></sup> Cornelius van Coll also warns that young " 14832"people should not look at it, or else they will not grow.<sup><a " 14833"href=\"#footnote-7\">[7]</a></sup> These omens and warnings are related to a" 14834" Lokono myth. According to the story, there were once twin brothers, one of " 14835"which had a wife, and said that death would come when their star, " 14836"<em>Yôkoro Wiwa</em>, rises.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-7\">[7]</a></sup>" 14837" Death came indeed, killing even his wife, roasting her on the fire, and the" 14838" Lokono became angry and brought a giant green anaconda to swallow the " 14839"twins. The snake ate one of the brothers, but because it was already 5 am " 14840"and the day broke, the snake could not eat the other brother. The snake is " 14841"now the constellation <em>Kamodokoya </em>‘Spirit of the green " 14842"anaconda’, in the belly of which <em>Yôkoro Wiwa</em> is said to" 14843" be located (see also the <em>Yorhada</em> myth). In another narrative, the " 14844"Lokono explain that the <em>Yôkoro Wiwa </em>represents seven brothers" 14845" lost in a savannah on their way back home, a motif also known from a " 14846"Kari'na story.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-20\">[20]</a></sup>" 14847msgstr "" 14848"A constelación <em>Yôkoro wiwa</em> ou <em>Wiwa yôkoro</em>, " 14849"literalmente ‘Grupo de estrelas’, refírese ás Pléiades e é " 14850"facilmente recoñecido polo contemporáneo lokono. Isto é probable porque " 14851"<em>Yôkoro wiwa</em> se descríbe como a máis importante das " 14852"constelacións dos lokono, xa que anuncia o comezo do ano lokono.<sup><a " 14853"href=\"#footnote-17\">[17]</a></sup> Despois de saír primeiro en xuño no " 14854"leste, é seguido por numerosos<em>koya</em>-constelacións referidas ós " 14855"espíritos de animais e plantas que constitúen o calendario lokono. A aquela " 14856"época do ano chámanlle os lokono <em>Yôkoro wiwa kayaran</em> ‘o" 14857" paxaro de <em>Yôkoro wiwa</em>’. Dise que se <em>Yôkoro " 14858"wiwa</em> brilla fortemente cando aparece por primeira vez, moita xente " 14859"morrerá no seguinte ano.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-5\">[5]</a></sup> Cornelius" 14860" van Coll advirte tamén de que os mozos non deben mirala porque se non non " 14861"medrarán.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-7\">[7]</a></sup> Estas mencións e " 14862"advertencias están relacionadas cun mito dos lokono. Segundo esta historia, " 14863"houbo unha vez dous irmáns xemelgos, un dos cales tiña unha muller, e dixo " 14864"que a morte chegaría cando a súa estrela, <em>Yôkoro Wiwa</em>, " 14865"saíse.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-7\">[7]</a></sup> A morte chegou " 14866"efectivamente, matando ata a súa muller, asada no lume, e os lokono " 14867"anoxáronse e trouxeron unha anaconda verde xigante para tragar os xemelgos. " 14868"A serpe comeu un dos irmáns, pero como xa eran as 5 da mañá e o día rompeu, " 14869"a serpe non puido comer o outro irmán. A serpe é agora a constelación " 14870"<em>Kamodokoya </em>‘Espírito da anaconda verde’, no ventre da " 14871"cal <em>Yôkoro Wiwa</em>se di que está (ver tamén o mito " 14872"<em>Yorhada</em> ). Noutra historia os lokono explican que <em>Yôkoro " 14873"Wiwa </em>representa sete irmáns perdidos na sabana cando regresaban á casa," 14874" un motivo tamén recollido na historia de Kari'na.<sup><a " 14875"href=\"#footnote-20\">[20]</a></sup>" 14876 14877#. type: Content of: <p> 14878#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:277 14879msgid "<em>Yorhada</em> 'Grill'" 14880msgstr "<em>Yorhada</em> 'Grella'" 14881 14882#. type: Content of: <p> 14883#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:278 14884msgid "" 14885"The constellation <em>Yorhada</em> ‘Grill’, or <em>Wiwa " 14886"yorhadale</em> ‘Star’s grill’, represents a wooden grill, " 14887"on which meat is roasted.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-4\">[4], </a></sup><sup><a" 14888" href=\"#footnote-11\">[11], </a></sup><sup><a " 14889"href=\"#footnote-21\">[21]</a></sup> Its origin is explained in a myth " 14890"related by Walter Roth about a man who killed his wife, roasted her, and fed" 14891" her liver to his mother-in-law because she called him a worthless " 14892"hunter.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-10\">[10]</a></sup> In revenge, the mother " 14893"asked her brother, <em>Kamodo</em> to kill the man when he went hunting. The" 14894" man suspected the woman set a trap and escaped death by sending his brother" 14895" instead. The grill on which the wife was roasted became the Western " 14896"constellation Pegasus, according to contemporary Lokono, marking the " 14897"beginning of the small dry season (April), the time when the Lokono roast a " 14898"lot of fish. The myth is similar to that of <em>Yôkoro wiwa</em> and " 14899"the twins, in which the older brother is responsible for roasting his wife " 14900"and may be the same as the man who roasted his wife in the <em>Yorhada</em> " 14901"myth. In both myths, the younger brother killed by the anaconda becomes " 14902"<em>Yôkoro wiwa</em>, while the grill becomes <em>Yorhada</em>. " 14903"Claudius de Goeje suggested that <em>Yorhada</em> is the Western " 14904"constellation Corvus, but Corvus does not appear at beginning of the small " 14905"dry season.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-11\">[11]</a></sup> The neighboring " 14906"Warao also know Pegasus as the grill, and are familiar with the myth.<sup><a" 14907" href=\"#footnote-10\">[10]</a></sup>" 14908msgstr "" 14909"A constelación <em>Yorhada</em> ‘Grella’, ou <em>Wiwa " 14910"yorhadale</em> ‘Estrela’s grella’, representa unha grella " 14911"de madeira na que se asa a carne.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-4\">[4], " 14912"</a></sup><sup><a href=\"#footnote-11\">[11], </a></sup><sup><a " 14913"href=\"#footnote-21\">[21]</a></sup> A súa orixe explícase nun mito relatado" 14914" por Walter Roth sobre un home que matou a súa muller, asouna e entregoulle " 14915"o fígado á súa sogra porque dicía del que era un cazador sen valor.<sup><a " 14916"href=\"#footnote-10\">[10]</a></sup> En revancha, a nai chama polo seu fillo" 14917" <em>Kamodo</em> para matar o home cando estaba a cazar. O home sospeitaba " 14918"que a muller lle puxera unha trampa e escapou á morte enviando o seu irmán. " 14919"A grella na que se asou a muller converteuse na constelación occidental de " 14920"Pegasus, segundo o contemporáneo lokono, o que marca o comezo da pequena " 14921"estación seca (abril), época na que os lokono asan moito peixe. O mito é " 14922"semellante ó de <em>Yôkoro wiwa</em> e os xemelgos, xa que nel o irmán" 14923" maior é o responsable de asar a súa muller e pode ser o mesmo có home que " 14924"asou a súa muller no mito de <em>Yorhada</em>. Nos dous mitos o irmán " 14925"pequeno asasinado pola anaconda convértese en <em>Yôkoro wiwa</em>, " 14926"mentres que a grella vólvese<em>Yorhada</em>. Claudius de Goeje suxire que " 14927"<em>Yorhada</em> é a constelación do oeste Corvus, pero Corvus non aparece " 14928"no comezo da pequena estación seca.<sup><a " 14929"href=\"#footnote-11\">[11]</a></sup> Os veciños Warao tamén coñecen Pegasus " 14930"como a grella e están familiarizados co mito.<sup><a " 14931"href=\"#footnote-10\">[10]</a></sup>" 14932 14933#. type: Content of: <p> 14934#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:280 14935msgid "<em>Kamodokoya</em> 'Spirit of the green anaconda'" 14936msgstr "<em>Kamodokoya</em> 'Espírito da anaconda verde'" 14937 14938#. type: Content of: <p> 14939#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:281 14940msgid "" 14941"<em>The constellation Kamodokoya</em>, ‘Spirit of the green anaconda " 14942"(<em>Eunectes murinus</em>)', also called <em>Waroboshi</em> remains poorly " 14943"described.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-5\">[5]</a></sup> Older sources suggest " 14944"it is Perseus, Pleiades, Scorpio, or Ophiuchus, but the exact stars remain " 14945"unidentified.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-10\">[10], </a></sup><sup><a " 14946"href=\"#footnote-11\">[11], </a></sup><sup><a " 14947"href=\"#footnote-21\">[21]</a></sup> Several myths explain its origin. " 14948"According to Walter Roth, a man killed his wife, roasted her, and fed her " 14949"liver to her mother because she called him a worthless hunter.<sup><a " 14950"href=\"#footnote-10\">[10],</a></sup> In revenge, she asked <em>Kamodo</em> " 14951"to kill him, but the man escaped the snake who ate his younger brother " 14952"instead. The constellation <em>Kamodokoya</em> has <em>Yôkoro " 14953"wiwa</em>, the brother, inside, and is close to <em>Yorhada</em> " 14954"‘Grill’, on which the wife was roasted. Notably, Theodor Schultz" 14955" list the constellation <em>Waroboshi yorhadale</em> 'The grill of the green" 14956" anaconda' which could be the same as the constellation " 14957"<em>Yorhada</em>.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-23\">[23]</a></sup> Cornelius van " 14958"Coll speaks of twins, one of whom had a wife, and warned that their star " 14959"brings death.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-7\">[7]</a></sup> Indeed, even his " 14960"wife died, roasted on the fire. The Lokono had the snake kill the man, and " 14961"ascend to the sky as <em>Kamodokoya</em>. Finally, Claudius de Goeje relates" 14962" a myth of a woman who felt a desire for men, and put a <em>katuburi</em> " 14963"flower in her vagina, and became pregnant. Her child was partly a snake, and" 14964" people wanted to kill it, so it ascended to the sky." 14965msgstr "" 14966"<em>A constelación Kamodokoya</em>, ‘Espírito da anaconda verde " 14967"(<em>Eunectes murinus</em>)', tamén chamada <em>Waroboshi</em> esta " 14968"pobremente descrita.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-5\">[5]</a></sup> Fontes " 14969"antigas suxiren que é Perseus, Pleiades, Scorpio, ou Ophiuchus, pero a " 14970"estrela exacta permanece sen identificar.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-10\">[10]," 14971" </a></sup><sup><a href=\"#footnote-11\">[11], </a></sup><sup><a " 14972"href=\"#footnote-21\">[21]</a></sup> Varios mitos explican a súa orixe. " 14973"Segundo Walter Roth un home matou á súa muller, asouna e entregoulle o " 14974"fígado á súa nai porque lle chamou un cazador sen valor.<sup><a " 14975"href=\"#footnote-10\">[10],</a></sup> En revancha ela chamou a " 14976"<em>Kamodo</em> para matalo, pero o home escapou á serpe que comeu o seu " 14977"irmán máis novo. A constelación <em>Kamodokoya</em> contén a " 14978"<em>Yôkoro wiwa</em>, o irmán, dentro e está preto de <em>Yorhada</em>" 14979" ‘Grella’, na que a muller foi asada. Theodor Schultz lista a " 14980"constelación <em>Waroboshi yorhadale</em> como 'A grella da anaconda verde' " 14981"que podería ser a mesma constelación ca <em>Yorhada</em>.<sup><a " 14982"href=\"#footnote-23\">[23]</a></sup> Cornelius van Coll fala de xemelgos, un" 14983" dos cales tiña unha muller, e advertiu de que a súa estrela trae a " 14984"morte.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-7\">[7]</a></sup> De feito, a súa muller " 14985"morreu asada no lume. Os lokono fixeron que a serpe matase o home e subise ó" 14986" ceo <em>Kamodokoya</em>. inalmente, Claudio de Goeje relata un mito dunha " 14987"muller que sentía un gran desexo polos homes e puxo unha flor " 14988"<em>katuburi</em> na súa vaxina, e quedou preñada. O seu fillo era en parte " 14989"unha serpe, e a xente quería matala, polo que subiu ó ceo." 14990 14991#. type: Content of: <p> 14992#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:283 14993msgid "<em> Kibiwarhakoya </em> 'Spirit of the capybara'" 14994msgstr "<em> Kibiwarhakoya </em> 'Espírito da capibara'" 14995 14996#. type: Content of: <p> 14997#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:284 14998msgid "" 14999"The constellation <em>Kibiwarhakoya</em> ‘Spirit of the " 15000"capybara’ (<em>Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris</em>) was mentioned by the " 15001"Penard brothers.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-17\">[17]</a></sup> The same source" 15002" also informs us that it is followed by the constellation " 15003"<em>Kamodokoya</em> ‘Spirit of the green anaconda’. The " 15004"constellation remains unidentified and its significance is unknown. No " 15005"related myths have been documented." 15006msgstr "" 15007"Aa constelación <em>Kibiwarhakoya</em> ‘Espírito do capibara’ " 15008"(<em>Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris</em>) foi mencionada polos irmáns " 15009"Penard.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-17\">[17]</a></sup> A mesma fonte tamén nos " 15010"informa de que vai seguida da constelación <em>Kamodokoya</em> " 15011"‘Espírito da anaconda verde’. A constelación permanece sen " 15012"identificar e descoñécese o seu significado. Non se documentaron mitos " 15013"relacionados." 15014 15015#. type: Content of: <p> 15016#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:286 15017msgid "<em>Mabukuli</em> 'Man without a thigh'" 15018msgstr "<em>Mabukuli</em> 'Home sen coxa'" 15019 15020#. type: Content of: <p> 15021#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:287 15022msgid "" 15023"The constellation <em>Mabukuli</em> ‘Man without a thigh’ is " 15024"well known among the Lokono and appears in a few myths. According to Charles" 15025" Dance, an unsuccessful huntsman cut off his own leg, wrapped it up in a " 15026"leaf, and gave to his step mother so that she had something to eat, and " 15027"ascended to sky.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-16\">[16]</a></sup> Similarly, the " 15028"Penard brothers speak of an unsuccessful hunter who cut off his leg and gave" 15029" it to his wife and mother-in-law, telling them it was tapir meat.<sup><a " 15030"href=\"#footnote-17\">[17]</a></sup> He then asked other people to follow " 15031"his traces to help him bring the rest of the tapir, but when they arrived at" 15032" the place they only found the <em>akalali</em> plant with which he treated " 15033"his wounds. His body turned into the <em>Kama tâla</em> constellation " 15034"and his spirit into <em>Mabukuli</em>. Claudius de Goeje relates a " 15035"strikingly different myth.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-11\">[11]</a></sup> The " 15036"Sun, once a man called <em>Arawidi </em>(see the myth about <em>Hadali</em> " 15037"'Sun'), took a woman as his wife, who followed him with unborn twins inside " 15038"her. One day, she lost the way and ended up being eaten by vulture spirits, " 15039"but her twins were brought up by an old woman, whom they later killed and " 15040"ran away. While hiding in a treetop, they saw a woman catching fish with a " 15041"sifter. She saw their reflection in the water and tried to catch it, at " 15042"which they laughed. She then realized they were up in the tree, and sent " 15043"ants up the tree to make them come down. When they came down, she killed one" 15044" of them and took the other home. One of her daughters fell in love with the" 15045" man and married him. Now the husband had to catch a lot of fish every day " 15046"for the mother-in-law. One day, tired of his demanding mother-in-law, he " 15047"tricked her into getting into the water to help him unload a boat full of " 15048"fish, where she was eaten by a shark. When her other daughter arrived, the " 15049"liver of her mother was still floating on the water and told her that the " 15050"man killed her. The daughter wanted to kill him but he flew away on wings of" 15051" cotton that his wife made for him, so she only cut his thigh off, which is " 15052"why he is now the constellation <em>Mabukuli</em>. It appears the Orion's " 15053"belt represents the cut-off leg, not the man himself." 15054msgstr "" 15055"A constelación <em>Mabukuli</em> ‘Home sen unha coxa’ é moi " 15056"coñecida entre os lokono e aparece nalgúns mitos. Segundo Charles Dance un " 15057"cazador infructuoso cortoulle a súa perna, envolveuna nunha folla e deulla á" 15058" súa nai nai para que tivese algo que comer e subise ao ceo.<sup><a " 15059"href=\"#footnote-16\">[16]</a></sup> Do mesmo xeito, os irmáns Penard falan " 15060"dun cazador infructuoso que lle cortou a súa perna para darlla á súa muller " 15061"e á súa sogra dicíndolles que era carne de tapir.<sup><a " 15062"href=\"#footnote-17\">[17]</a></sup> Despois pediulles a outras persoas que " 15063"seguisen o rastro para axudalo a traer o resto do tapir, pero cando chegaron" 15064" ao lugar só atoparon a planta <em>akalali</em> coa que tratou as súas " 15065"feridas. O seu corpo converteuse na constelación <em>Kama tâla</em> e " 15066"o seu espírito quedou dentro de <em>Mabukuli</em>. Claudius de Goeje relata " 15067"un mito diferente.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-11\">[11]</a></sup> O Sol, que " 15068"unha vez un home chamou <em>Arawidi </em>(ver o mito sobre <em>Hadali</em> " 15069"'Sol'), tomou unha muller como a súa esposa, que o seguía con xemelgos non " 15070"nacidos dentro dela. Un día, ela perdeuse e acabou sendo comida por " 15071"espíritos voitres, pero os seus xemelgos foron criados por unha anciá, á que" 15072" despois mataron e fuxiron. Mentres se agochaban no alto dunha árbore, viron" 15073" a unha muller atrapando un peixe cunha peneira. Ela viu o seu reflexo na " 15074"auga e intentou atrapalo, e eles riron dela. Entón decatouse de que estaban " 15075"na árbore e enviou formigas para que os fixesen baixar. Cando baixaron, ela " 15076"matou a un deles e levou o outro a casa. Unha das súas fillas namorouse do " 15077"home e casou con el. Agora o marido tiña que pescar moitos peixes todos os " 15078"días para a sogra. Un día, canso da súa esixente sogra, enganouna para " 15079"meterse na auga para axudala a descargar un bote cheo de peixe, e alí foi " 15080"comida por unha quenlla. Cando chegou a súa outra filla, o fígado da súa nai" 15081" seguía flotando sobre a auga e díxolle que o home a matara. A filla quería " 15082"matalo, pero voou con ás de algodón que a súa muller lle fixo para el, polo " 15083"que só lle cortou a coxa, polo que agora é a constelación <em>Mabukuli</em>." 15084" Parece que o cinto de Orión representa a perna cortada, e non o propio " 15085"home." 15086 15087#. type: Content of: <p> 15088#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:289 15089msgid "<em>Kama tâla</em> 'Jaw of the tapir'" 15090msgstr "<em>Kama tâla</em> 'Mandíbula do tapir'" 15091 15092#. type: Content of: <p> 15093#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:290 15094msgid "" 15095"The constellation <em>Kama tâla</em> ‘Jaw of the tapir’ is" 15096" one of the few constellations identified easily by the contemporary Lokono," 15097" just like <em>Mabukuli</em>, to which it is related in a myth.<sup><a " 15098"href=\"#footnote-8\">[8], </a></sup><sup><a " 15099"href=\"#footnote-15\">[15]</a></sup> The Penard brothers recount the story " 15100"of an unsuccessful hunter, who cuts meat off his leg and gives it to his " 15101"wife and mother-in-law, telling them it is tapir meat (<em>Tapirus " 15102"terrestris</em>).<sup><a href=\"#footnote-17\">[17]</a></sup> He then asks " 15103"his fellow people to follow him and help bring the rest of the tapir, but " 15104"when they arrive at the place they only find the <em>akalali</em> plant with" 15105" which he treated his wounds. His body turned into <em>Kama tâla</em> " 15106"and his spirit into <em>Mabukuli</em>. In a Kari’na story, on the " 15107"other hand, <em>Kama tâla</em> was the remains of a tapir that the " 15108"mythical twins were hunting, one of whom accidentally gets his leg severed " 15109"and becomes the constellation of man without a thigh." 15110msgstr "" 15111"A constelación <em>Kama tâla</em> ‘Mandíbula do tapir’ é " 15112"unha das poucas constelacións identificadas con facilidade polos lokono " 15113"contemporáneos, como <em>Mabukuli</em>, que se explica nun mito.<sup><a " 15114"href=\"#footnote-8\">[8], </a></sup><sup><a " 15115"href=\"#footnote-15\">[15]</a></sup> Os irmáns Penard contan a historia dun " 15116"cazador infructuoso, que se corta a carne da perna e lla dá á súa muller e á" 15117" súa sogra, dicíndolles que é carne de tapir (<em>Tapirus " 15118"terrestris</em>).<sup><a href=\"#footnote-17\">[17]</a></sup> Despois " 15119"pídelle ós seus compañeiros que o sigan e axuden a traer o resto do tapir, " 15120"pero cando chegan ó lugar só atopan a planta <em>akalali</em> coa que el " 15121"sandara as súas feridas. O seu corpo converteuse en <em>Kama tâla</em>" 15122" e o seu espírito dentro de <em>Mabukuli</em>. Noutra historia de " 15123"Kari’na, <em>Kama tâla</em> eran os restos dun tapir que os " 15124"xemelgos estaban cazando, un dos cales accidentalmente rompe a perna e " 15125"convértese na constelación do home sen coxa." 15126 15127#. type: Content of: <p> 15128#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:292 15129msgid "<em>Hithikoya</em> 'Spirit of the black curassow'" 15130msgstr "<em>Hithikoya</em> 'Espírito do guaco negro'" 15131 15132#. type: Content of: <p> 15133#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:293 15134msgid "" 15135"The constellation <em>Hithikoya</em> is the ‘Spirit of the black " 15136"curassow’ (<em>Crax alector</em>), a commonly hunted bird, often kept " 15137"as a pet for its feathers and eggs. According to a Lokono myth, " 15138"<em>Hithikoya</em> lived on earth, but the Lokono kept shooting him.<sup><a " 15139"href=\"#footnote-11\">[11]</a></sup> As a result, he ascended to the sky to " 15140"warn black curassows about the approaching hunter (see " 15141"<em>Yokhârhin</em>) and his companion with a torch (see " 15142"<em>Alêti</em>). The Lokono identify <em>Hithikoya</em> as the Western" 15143" constellation Crux. When it appears just above the trees in January, the " 15144"curassows roam on the ground and are easy to catch. Over the following " 15145"months, the higher <em>Hithikoya</em> rises in the morning, the higher the " 15146"birds climb up the trees. By March, it appears high in the sky and the birds" 15147" are found in the tops of the trees. <em>Hithikoya </em>thus informs the " 15148"Lokono where to search for the birds at a given time of the year. The Lokono" 15149" even make hunting charms (<em>bina</em>) from a plant, whose leaves " 15150"resemble the bird, rubbed into the lips of the hunter so that he can imitate" 15151" the calls of the bird, increasing his chances of catching one.<sup><a " 15152"href=\"#footnote-10\">[10], </a></sup><sup><a " 15153"href=\"#footnote-17\">[17]</a></sup>" 15154msgstr "" 15155"A constelación <em>Hithikoya</em> é o ‘Espírito do pavo negro’ " 15156"(<em>Crax alector</em>), unha ave que se caza habitualmete, e que ás veces " 15157"se garda como mascota polas súas plumas e ovos. Segundo un mito dos lokono, " 15158"<em>Hithikoya</em> vivía na terra, pero os lokono seguiulle " 15159"disparando.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-11\">[11]</a></sup> Como resultado, " 15160"subiu ao ceo para avisar os pavos negros sobre o cazador que se achegaba " 15161"(ver <em>Yokhârhin</em>) e o seu compañeiro cun facho (ver " 15162"<em>Alêti</em>). Os lokono identifican<em>Hithikoya</em> como a " 15163"constelación do oeste Crux. Cando aparece xusto por enriba das árbores en " 15164"xaneiro, os pavos roldan polo chan e son fáciles de atrapar. Nos meses " 15165"seguintes, o alto <em>Hithikoya</em> sae pola mañá, e os paxaros soben ás " 15166"árbores o máis alto posible. Por marzo aparece alto no ceo e os paxaros " 15167"están no máis alto das árbores. <em>Hithikoya </em>informa así ós lokono " 15168"onde buscar as aves nun momento determinado do ano. Os lokono mesmo fan " 15169"trampas de caza (<em>bina</em>) dunha planta, cuxas follas se asemellan ó " 15170"paxaro, frotadas nos beizos do cazador para que poida imitar as chamadas do " 15171"paxaro, aumentando as súas posibilidades de coller un.<sup><a " 15172"href=\"#footnote-10\">[10], </a></sup><sup><a " 15173"href=\"#footnote-17\">[17]</a></sup>" 15174 15175#. type: Content of: <p> 15176#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:295 15177msgid "<em>Yokhârhin</em> 'Hunter'" 15178msgstr "<em>Yokhârhin</em> 'Cazador'" 15179 15180#. type: Content of: <p> 15181#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:296 15182msgid "" 15183"The constellation <em>Yokhârhin</em> ‘Hunter’ corresponds " 15184"to α Centauri and represents the man hunting <em>Hithikoya</em>, the " 15185"‘Spirit of the black curassow’ (see <em>Hithikoya</em>).<sup><a " 15186"href=\"#footnote-9\">[9], </a></sup><sup><a href=\"#footnote-10\">[10], " 15187"</a></sup><sup><a href=\"#footnote-11\">[11]</a></sup> His companion holding" 15188" a torch known as <em>Alêti</em> is represented by β Centauri. " 15189"The myth reported by the Penard brothers that explains the origin of " 15190"<em>Hithikoya</em> includes also these two characters.<sup><a " 15191"href=\"#footnote-11\">[11]</a></sup> According to the story, " 15192"<em>Hithikoya</em> used to live on earth, but the Lokono kept tracking him " 15193"down at night and shoot him. As a result, it ascended to the sky to serve as" 15194" a signal for black curassows warning them about the approaching hunter " 15195"(<em>Yokhârhin</em>) and his companion with a torch " 15196"(<em>Alêti</em>). As <em>Hithikoya</em> appears higher and higher in " 15197"the morning between January and March, <em>Yokhârhin</em> and " 15198"subsequently <em>Alêti</em> appear on the horizon following it. This " 15199"indicates to the Lokono that the black curassow can now be found high in the" 15200" tress and the hunters can set out at night to hunt it in the tree tops." 15201msgstr "" 15202"A constelación <em>Yokhârhin</em> ‘Cazador’ correspóndese " 15203"con α Centauri e representa o cazador <em>Hithikoya</em>, o " 15204"‘Espírito do pavo negro’ (see <em>Hithikoya</em>).<sup><a " 15205"href=\"#footnote-9\">[9], </a></sup><sup><a href=\"#footnote-10\">[10], " 15206"</a></sup><sup><a href=\"#footnote-11\">[11]</a></sup> O seu compañeiro " 15207"porta un facho e chámase <em>Alêti</em>, é representado por β " 15208"Centauri. O mito relatado polos irmáns Penard que explica a orixe de " 15209"<em>Hithikoya</em> inclúe tamén estes dous personaxes.<sup><a " 15210"href=\"#footnote-11\">[11]</a></sup> Segundo a historia <em>Hithikoya</em> " 15211"vivía na terra, pero os lokono seguiron a rastrexalo pola noite e " 15212"disparáronlle. Como resultado, subiu ó ceo para servir de sinal para os " 15213"pavos negros advertíndolles do cazador que se achegaba " 15214"(<em>Yokhârhin</em>) e o seu compañeiro cun facho " 15215"(<em>Alêti</em>). Como <em>Hithikoya</em> aparece cada vez máis alto " 15216"pola mañá entre xaneiro e marzo, <em>Yokhârhin</em> e subsecuentemente" 15217" <em>Alêti</em> aparecen no horizonte seguíndoo. Isto indícalles ós " 15218"lokono que o pavo negro agora está no alto das árbores e que os cazadores " 15219"poden saír á noite para cazalo nos cumes das mesmas." 15220 15221#. type: Content of: <p> 15222#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:298 15223msgid "<em>Alêti</em> 'Torch'" 15224msgstr "<em>Alêti</em> 'Facho'" 15225 15226#. type: Content of: <p> 15227#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:299 15228msgid "" 15229"The constellation <em>Alêti</em> ‘Torch’ corresponds " 15230"to β Centauri and represents the companion of the hunter " 15231"<em>Yokhârhin</em>, holding a torch torch made from a piece of cloth " 15232"dipped in beeswax known as <em>Alêti</em>.<sup><a " 15233"href=\"#footnote-9\">[9], </a></sup><sup><a href=\"#footnote-10\">[10], " 15234"</a></sup><sup><a href=\"#footnote-11\">[11]</a></sup> " 15235"<em>Alêti</em> follows <em>Yokhârhin</em> so as not to scare the" 15236" black curassow bird with the light of the torch. The myth reported by the " 15237"Penard brothers that explains the origin of <em>Hithikoya</em> 'Spirit of " 15238"the black curassow' includes also these two characters (see " 15239"<em>Hithikoya</em>).<sup><a href=\"#footnote-11\">[11]</a></sup> According " 15240"to the story, <em>Hithikoya</em> used to live on earth, but the Lokono kept " 15241"tracking him down at night and shoot him. As a result, it ascended to the " 15242"sky to serve as a signal for black curassows warning them about the " 15243"approaching hunter (<em>Yokhârhin</em>) and his companion with a torch" 15244" (<em>Alêti</em>). As <em>Hithikoya</em> appears higher and higher in " 15245"the morning between January and March, <em>Yokhârhin</em> and " 15246"subsequently <em>Alêti</em> appear on the horizon following it. This " 15247"indicates to the Lokono that the black curassow can now be found high in the" 15248" tress and the hunters can set out at night to hunt it in the tree tops." 15249msgstr "" 15250"A constelación <em>Alêti</em> ‘Fachoi’ correspóndese " 15251"con β Centauri e representa o compañeiro do cazador " 15252"<em>Yokhârhin</em>, sostendo unha antorcha feita a partir dun anaco de" 15253" tea mergullado en cera de abella coñecida como <em>Alêti</em>.<sup><a" 15254" href=\"#footnote-9\">[9], </a></sup><sup><a href=\"#footnote-10\">[10], " 15255"</a></sup><sup><a href=\"#footnote-11\">[11]</a></sup> " 15256"<em>Alêti</em> segue a <em>Yokhârhin</em> para non espantar o " 15257"pavo negro coa luz do facho. O mito relatado polos irmáns Penard que explica" 15258" a orixe de <em>Hithikoya</em> 'Espírito do pavo negro' inclúe tamén estes " 15259"dous personaxes (ver <em>Hithikoya</em>).<sup><a " 15260"href=\"#footnote-11\">[11]</a></sup> Segundo a historia, <em>Hithikoya</em> " 15261"vivía na terra, pero os lokono seguíano a rastrexar pola noite e " 15262"disparáronlle. Como resultado, subiu ó ceo para servir de sinal para os " 15263"pavos negros advertíndolles do cazador que se achegaba " 15264"(<em>Yokhârhin</em>) e do seu compañeiro cun facho " 15265"(<em>Alêti</em>). Como <em>Hithikoya</em> aparece cada vez máis alto " 15266"pola mañá entre xaneiro e marzo, <em>Yokhârhin</em> e subsecuentemente" 15267" <em>Alêti</em> aparecen no horizonte seguíndoo. Isto indícalles ós " 15268"lokono que o pavo negro agora está no alto das árbores e que os cazadores " 15269"poden saír á noite para cazalo nos cumes das mesmas. " 15270 15271#. type: Content of: <p> 15272#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:301 15273msgid "<em>Anorhâkoya</em> 'Spirit of the cocoi heron'" 15274msgstr "<em>Anorhâkoya</em> 'Espírito da garza cocoa'" 15275 15276#. type: Content of: <p> 15277#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:302 15278msgid "" 15279"The constellation <em>Anorhâkoya </em>represents the spirit of the " 15280"cocoi heron (<em>Ardea cocoi</em>). It is recognized by contemporary Lokono " 15281"as Ursa Major, in keeping with earlier identifications.<sup><a " 15282"href=\"#footnote-11\">[11], </a></sup><sup><a " 15283"href=\"#footnote-15\">[15]</a></sup> Claudius de Geoje reports that when it " 15284"shines strong, the Lokono believe that strong winds will come, bringing dust" 15285" into peoples’ eyes and consequently diseases: the heron picks their " 15286"eyes with its beak, it is said.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-11\">[11]</a></sup> " 15287"Similarly, according to Cornelius van Coll, <em>Anorhâkoya</em> is a " 15288"heron whose beak is upside down. Should its beak be turned downwards, people" 15289" would get all kinds of eye diseases.<sup><a " 15290"href=\"#footnote-7\">[7]</a></sup> This can still happen when strong winds " 15291"blow and carry the light from the beak into peoples’ eyes, since the " 15292"light of <em>Anorhâkoya</em> (and other stars) travels with the wind " 15293"according to the Lokono. The constellation is associated with the big dry " 15294"season (August to December) and the storms and winds that are typical of " 15295"this time. It appears in the morning in mid-November in the northeast with " 15296"its beak down." 15297msgstr "" 15298"A constelación <em>Anorhâkoya </em> represnta o espírito da garza " 15299"cocoa (<em>Ardea cocoi</em>). Os lokono contemporáneos recoñécena como Ursa " 15300"Maior, de acordo con identificacións anteriores.<sup><a " 15301"href=\"#footnote-11\">[11], </a></sup><sup><a " 15302"href=\"#footnote-15\">[15]</a></sup> Claudius de Geoje relata que cando " 15303"brilla forte, os lokonos cren que virán fortes ventos, traendo poeira ós " 15304"ollos das persoas e consecuentemente enfermidades: dise que a garza lles " 15305"quita os ollos co peteiro.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-11\">[11]</a></sup> Do " 15306"mesmo xeito, de acordo con Cornelius van Coll, <em>Anorhâkoya</em> é " 15307"unha garza que ten o peteiro ó revés. Se o peteiro dá a volta as persoas " 15308"sufrirán todo tipo de enfermidades dos ollos.<sup><a " 15309"href=\"#footnote-7\">[7]</a></sup> Isto aínda pode suceder cando os ventos " 15310"fortes sopran e levan a luz do peteiro óss ollos da xente, desde a luz de " 15311"<em>Anorhâkoya</em> (e outras estrelas) viaxa co vento segundo os " 15312"lokono. A constelación está asociada á gran estación seca (de agosto a " 15313"decembro) e ás tormentas e ventos típicos desta época. Aparece pola mañá a " 15314"mediados de novembro no nordés co peteiro para abaixo." 15315 15316#. type: Content of: <p> 15317#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:304 15318msgid "<em>Honolikoya</em> 'Spirit of the rufescent tiger heron'" 15319msgstr "<em>Honolikoya</em> 'Espírito da garza trigre rufescente'" 15320 15321#. type: Content of: <p> 15322#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:305 15323msgid "" 15324"Another Lokono constellation named after a species of a heron is " 15325"<em>Honolikoya</em> ‘<em>Spirit of the rufescent tiger " 15326"heron</em>’ (<em>Tigrisoma lineatum</em>). It is reported in " 15327"historical sources as the equivalent of the Kari’na constellation " 15328"<em>Kumawari yumï</em> (‘Father of the cocoi heron’). This is " 15329"likely a mistake as <em>honoli</em> is a different and well-known species of" 15330" a heron. It is possible that <em>Honolikoya</em> refers to the same " 15331"constellation as <em>Anorhâkoya</em>, interpreted differently by different " 15332"Lokono consultants, but it is also possible it is a different constellation." 15333" In any case, <em>Honolikoya</em> remains unidentified.<sup><a " 15334"href=\"#footnote-17\">[17]</a></sup> Just like <em>Anorhâkoya</em>, " 15335"the constellation is said to bring diseases of the eyes when it appears in " 15336"the morning sky. From the Penard brothers' description we can infer that " 15337"<em>Honolikoya</em> should appear between June and the big dry season, which" 15338" lasts from end of August until the beginning of December. There appears to " 15339"be no specific myth associated with this constellation.<sup><a " 15340"href=\"#footnote-17\">[17]</a></sup>" 15341msgstr "" 15342"Outra constelación dos lokono chamada por unha especie de garza " 15343"é<em>Honolikoya</em> ‘<em>Espírito da garza tigre " 15344"rufescente</em>’ (<em>Tigrisoma lineatum</em>). Infórmase en fontes " 15345"históricas como o equivalente da constelación Kari’na <em>Kumawari " 15346"yumï</em> (‘Pai da garza cocoa’). Pode ser un erro pois " 15347"<em>honoli</em> é unha especie de garza diferente e coñecida. É posible que " 15348"<em>Honolikoya</em> se refira á mesma constelación ca <em>Anorhâkoya</em>, " 15349"interpretado de forma diferente por distintos consultores dos lokono, pero " 15350"tamén é posible que sexa unha constelación diferente. En calquera caso, " 15351"<em>Honolikoya</em> permanece sen identificar.<sup><a " 15352"href=\"#footnote-17\">[17]</a></sup> do mesmo xeito que " 15353"<em>Anorhâkoya</em>, dise que a constelación trae enfermidades dos " 15354"ollos cando aparece no ceo da mañá. Da descrición dos irmáns Penard podemos " 15355"deducir que <em>Honolikoya</em> debería aparecer entre xuño e a gran " 15356"estación seca, que dura desde finais de agosto ata principios de decembro. " 15357"Non parece haber ningún mito específico asociado a esta constelación.<sup><a" 15358" href=\"#footnote-17\">[17]</a></sup>" 15359 15360#. type: Content of: <p> 15361#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:307 15362msgid "<em>Kasorhowakoya</em> 'Spirit of the four-eyed fish'" 15363msgstr "<em>Kasorhowakoya</em> 'Espírito do peixe de catro ollos'" 15364 15365#. type: Content of: <p> 15366#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:308 15367msgid "" 15368"The constellation <em>Kasorhowakoya</em> ‘Spirit of the four-eyed " 15369"fish’ (<em>Anableps anableps</em>) was identified by the contemporary " 15370"Lokono as λ Scorpii and υ Scorpii. In earlier sources it is " 15371"identified as the upper part of Scorpio’s tail, which is in keeping " 15372"with the 21st century data.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-8\">[8]</a></sup> The " 15373"constellation represents the two eyes of the four-eyed fish, which is known " 15374"for the fact that its eyes are always sticking above the water, and is " 15375"therefore sometimes considered an incarnation of the water spirit. There is " 15376"no Lokono myth concerning the four-eyed fish, and it remains unknown what " 15377"the appearance of this constellation signifies. However, it merits a mention" 15378" that the Kari’na have a constellation representing the same fish, " 15379"which corresponds to the same two stars. Magaña and Jara explain that" 15380" the appearance of the Kari’na constellation announces the fishing " 15381"season for this species.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-18\">[18]</a></sup> It is " 15382"not unlikely that the Lokono constellation had the same function." 15383msgstr "" 15384"A constelación <em>Kasorhowakoya</em> ‘Espírito do peixe de catro " 15385"ollos’ (<em>Anableps anableps</em>) foi identificada polos lokono " 15386"contemporáneos como λ Scorpii e υ Scorpii. En fontes " 15387"anteriores identifícase como a parte superior da cola de Scorpio, que está " 15388"de acordo cos datos do século XXI.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-8\">[8]</a></sup>" 15389" A constelación representa os dous ollos do peixe de catro ollos, o que se " 15390"se debe a que os seus ollos están sempre pegados por enriba da auga, e polo " 15391"tanto ás veces considérase unha encarnación do espírito acuático. Non hai " 15392"mito dos lokono sobre os peixes de catro ollos e aínda non se sabe o que " 15393"significa a aparición desta constelación. Non obstante, merece unha mención " 15394"que os Kari’na teñen unha constelación que representa o mesmo peixe, " 15395"que corresponde ás mesmas dúas estrelas. Magaña e Jara explican que a" 15396" aparición da constelación Kari’na anuncia a estación de pesca desta " 15397"especie.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-18\">[18]</a></sup> Non é improbable que a " 15398"constelación dos lokono tivese a mesma función." 15399 15400#. type: Content of: <p> 15401#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:310 15402msgid "<em>Katarhokoya</em> 'Spirit of the green sea turtle'" 15403msgstr "<em>Katarhokoya</em> 'Espírito da tartaruga do mar verde'" 15404 15405#. type: Content of: <p> 15406#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:311 15407msgid "" 15408"The constellation <em>Katarhokoya</em> ‘Spirit of the green sea " 15409"turtle’ is still known on the Pomeroon River in Guyana. It represents " 15410"the <em>katarho</em> turtle (<em>Chelonia mydas</em>), swimming towards the " 15411"shore, represented in turn by the Milky Way. When the constellation appears " 15412"in the morning high in the sky, it is a signal that turtles are arriving on " 15413"the beaches to lay eggs. The constellation was identified in earlier sources" 15414" as <em>Corona Borealis</em> and <em>Orion's belt.</em> <sup><a " 15415"href=\"#footnote-8\">[8], </a></sup><sup><a " 15416"href=\"#footnote-11\">[11]</a></sup> While the former overlaps with the " 15417"stars indicated by the Lokono on the Pomeroon, the latter is likely a " 15418"mistake as <em>Orion’s belt</em> is consistently recognized as " 15419"<em>Mabukuli</em> ‘Man without a thigh’. The constellation " 15420"<em>Katarhokoya</em> rises early in the year, but it appears upside down " 15421"most of the time from the vistas of the Lokono in the Guianas. Only by mid-" 15422"March, a time when several species of turtles indeed lay their eggs on the " 15423"Atlantic coast of the Guianas, does it look like a turtle swimming to the " 15424"shore (Milky Way)." 15425msgstr "" 15426"A constelación <em>Katarhokoya</em> ‘Espírito da tartaruga de mar " 15427"verde’ aínda se coñece no río Pomeroon en Guyana. Representa a " 15428"tartaruga <em>katarho</em> (<em>Chelonia mydas</em>), nadando cara á costa, " 15429"representada á súa vez pola Vía Láctea. Cando a constelación aparece pola " 15430"mañá alta no ceo, é o sinal de que as tartarugas están chegando ás praias " 15431"para poñer ovos. A constelación foi identificada en fontes anteriores como " 15432"<em>Corona Borealis</em> e <em>Cinto de Orion.</em> <sup><a " 15433"href=\"#footnote-8\">[8], </a></sup><sup><a " 15434"href=\"#footnote-11\">[11]</a></sup> Mentres o primeiro se superpón coas " 15435"estrelas indicadas polos lokono no Pomeroon, o segundo probablemente sexa un" 15436" erro xa que <em>Cinto de Orión</em> recoñécese consistentemente como " 15437"<em>Mabukuli</em> ‘Home sen coxa’. A constelación " 15438"<em>Katarhokoya</em> sobe ao comezo do ano, pero aparece ó revés a maior " 15439"parte do tempo dende as vistas dos lokono nas Guianas. Só a mediados de " 15440"marzo, época na que varias especies de tartarugas deitan os seus ovos na " 15441"costa atlántica das Guianas, semella unha tartaruga nadando ata a costa (Vía" 15442" Láctea)." 15443 15444#. type: Content of: <p> 15445#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:313 15446msgid "<em>Hikorhikoya</em> 'Spirit of the yellow-footed tortoise'" 15447msgstr "<em>Hikorhikoya</em> 'Espírito da tartaruga de pés amarelos'" 15448 15449#. type: Content of: <p> 15450#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:314 15451msgid "" 15452"The constellation <em>Hikorhikoya</em> ‘Spirit of the yellow-footed " 15453"tortoise’ was documented by the Penard brothers for the Lokono in " 15454"Suriname; it remains unidentified but it should appear around August (i.e. " 15455"around the beginning of the big dry season).<sup><a " 15456"href=\"#footnote-11\">[11], </a></sup><sup><a " 15457"href=\"#footnote-17\">[17]</a></sup> The Penard brothers explain that when " 15458"the water in the swamps rises, the yellow-footed tortoise, known in Lokono " 15459"as <em>hikorhi</em> (<em>Chelonoidis denticulatus</em>), seeks higher " 15460"grounds, and, presumably, can be more easily found. There are no myths " 15461"related to the constellation specifically. However, it is worth pointing out" 15462" that the tortoise is considered a delicacy among the Lokono. When caught, " 15463"they are often kept around the house in small corrals for long periods of " 15464"time until they are consumed. The Lokono joke that they are " 15465"‘fridges’ since if fed, the tortoise will stay alive for a long " 15466"time, as opposed to an animal that was shot and has to be prepared and eaten" 15467" immediately." 15468msgstr "" 15469"A constelación <em>Hikorhikoya</em> ‘Espírito da tartaruga de pés " 15470"amarelos’ foi documentada polos irmáns Penard en Suriname; permanece " 15471"sen identificar, pero debe aparecer ao redor de agosto (é dicir, ao redor do" 15472" comezo da gran estación seca).<sup><a href=\"#footnote-11\">[11], " 15473"</a></sup><sup><a href=\"#footnote-17\">[17]</a></sup> Os irmáns Penard " 15474"explican que cando sobe a auga dos pantanos, a tartaruga de pata amarela, " 15475"coñecida enlokono como <em>hikorhi</em> (<em>Chelonoidis denticulatus</em>)," 15476" busca terreos máis elevados e, presuntamente, pódese atopar máis " 15477"doadamente. Non hai mitos relacionados específicamente coa constelación. Non" 15478" obstante, cómpre salientar que a tartaruga considérase un manxar entre os " 15479"lokono. Cando as capturan a miúdo gárdanas arredor da casa en pequenos " 15480"currais durante longos períodos de tempo ata que son consumidas. Os lokono " 15481"bromean de que son \"neveiras\" xa que se se alimenta, a tartaruga " 15482"permanecerá viva durante moito tempo, ó contrario ca un animal ó que se lle " 15483"dispara, que ten que prepararse e comer inmediatamente." 15484 15485#. type: Content of: <p> 15486#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:316 15487msgid "<em>Kwakoya</em> 'Spirit of the blue crab'" 15488msgstr "<em>Kwakoya</em> 'Espírito do cangrexo azul'" 15489 15490#. type: Content of: <p> 15491#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:317 15492msgid "" 15493"The constellation <em>Kwakoya</em> ‘Spirit of the blue crab’ is " 15494"still known in the Lokono communities closer to the coast, which practice " 15495"the annual crab feats. The crab species is likely the same as that " 15496"represented by the Kari’na constellation <em>Kusa yumï</em> " 15497"‘Father of the blue crab’ (<em>Ucides cordatus</em>). The " 15498"constellation appears in the east in the middle of July. By the beginning of" 15499" August, it is high in the sky, signaling that the crabs arrive at the " 15500"beaches to lay their eggs. At this time, the Lokono and other indigenous " 15501"groups of the area congregate to the shore of the Atlantic to catch the " 15502"marching crabs. The crabs are considered a delicacy and when the villagers " 15503"return to the communities with the catch, large feasts are organized during " 15504"which the crabs are eaten. The Penard brothers write that <em>Kwakoya</em> " 15505"appears when the crabs come to lay their eggs in May and June but this " 15506"appears to be incorrect, both given that crabs march later and that the " 15507"constellation recognized by the modern Lokono is not visible in May and June" 15508" from the Guianas.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-17\">[17]</a></sup>" 15509msgstr "" 15510"A constelación <em>Kwakoya</em> ‘Espírito do cangrexo azul’ " 15511"aínda se coñece nas comunidades dos lokono máis próximas á costa, que " 15512"practican as fazañas anuais do cangrexo. É probable que a especie de " 15513"cangrexo sexa a que representa a constelación dos Kari’na <em>Kusa " 15514"yumï</em> ‘Pai do cangrexo azul’ (<em>Ucides cordatus</em>). A " 15515"constelación aparece no leste a mediados de xullo. A principios de agosto, " 15516"está alta no ceo, sinalando que os cangrexos chegan ás praias para poñeren " 15517"os ovos. Neste momento, os lokono e outros grupos indíxenas da zona reúnense" 15518" na costa do Atlántico para coller os cangrexos marchantes. Os cangrexos " 15519"considéranse un manxar e cando os aldeáns volven ás comunidades coa captura," 15520" organízanse grandes festas durante as que se comen os cangrexos. Os irmáns " 15521"Penard escriben que <em>Kwakoya</em> aparece cando os cangrexos veñen para " 15522"poñer os ovos en maio e xuño, pero parece que é incorrecto, tanto porque os " 15523"cangrexos marchan despois como porque a constelación recoñecida polos " 15524"modernos lokono non é visible en maio e xuño desde as Guianas.<sup><a " 15525"href=\"#footnote-17\">[17]</a></sup>" 15526 15527#. type: Content of: <p> 15528#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:319 15529msgid "<em>Ifakoya</em> 'Spirit of the Muscovy duck'" 15530msgstr "<em>Ifakoya</em> 'Espírito do parrulo Muscovy'" 15531 15532#. type: Content of: <p> 15533#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:321 15534msgid "" 15535"The constellation <em>Ifakoya</em> ‘Spirit of the Muscovy duck’ " 15536"(<em>Cairina moschata</em>) was mentioned by the Penard brothers and " 15537"Claudius de Goeje but remained unidentified until now.<sup><a " 15538"href=\"#footnote-11\">[11], </a></sup><sup><a " 15539"href=\"#footnote-17\">[17]</a></sup> The contemporary Lokono on the Pomeroon" 15540" River in Guyana recognize it in parts of the Western constellation Corona " 15541"Australis. There are no myths related to this constellation but the Lokono " 15542"say that when the head of the duck points toward the ground, looking as if " 15543"the duck has its head under the water, the ducks are busy feeding on plants." 15544" The constellation assumes this position from mid-May. At this time, it is " 15545"said that the birds are easier to catch. The Muscovy duck is considered a " 15546"delicacy and is also often kept around the house like chickens. The Kari'na " 15547"and the Warao also recognize the constellation of the Muscovy duck, and at " 15548"least the Warao one corresponds to the same stars.<sup><a " 15549"href=\"#footnote-17\">[17]</a></sup>" 15550msgstr "" 15551"A constelación <em>Ifakoya</em> ‘Espírito do parrulo de Muscovy " 15552"’ (<em>Cairina moschata</em>) foi mencionada porlos irmáns Penard e " 15553"Claudius de Goeje pero permanece sen identificar ata hoxe.<sup><a " 15554"href=\"#footnote-11\">[11], </a></sup><sup><a " 15555"href=\"#footnote-17\">[17]</a></sup> Os lokono contemporáneos no río " 15556"Pomeroon en Guyana recoñéceno en partes da constelación occidental Corona " 15557"Australis. Non hai mitos relacionados con esta constelación, pero os lokonos" 15558" din que cando a cabeza do parrulo apunta cara ó chan, coma se o pato tivese" 15559" a cabeza baixo a auga, os parrulos están ocupados alimentándose de plantas." 15560" A constelación toma esta posición desde mediados de maio. Neste momento, " 15561"dise que as aves son máis fáciles de atrapar. O parrulo de Muscovy é " 15562"considerado un manxar e tamén adoita conservarse ó redor da casa coma " 15563"galiñas. O Kari'na e o Warao recoñecen tamén a constelación do pato de " 15564"Muscovy, e polo menos o Warao corresponde ás mesmas estrelas.<sup><a " 15565"href=\"#footnote-17\">[17]</a></sup>" 15566 15567#. type: Content of: <p> 15568#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:322 15569msgid "<em>Awarhakoya</em> 'Spirit of the awara palm'" 15570msgstr "<em>Awarhakoya</em> 'Espírito da palma de awara'" 15571 15572#. type: Content of: <p> 15573#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:324 15574msgid "" 15575"The constellation <em>Awarhakoya</em> ‘Spirit of the awara palm’" 15576" has the shape of an awara palm (<em>Astrocaryum vulgare</em>). Its " 15577"appearance high in the sky in January means that awara fruits are ripening. " 15578"In the following months, <em>Awarhakoya</em> moves closer to the horizon, " 15579"meaning that the fruits will soon fall to the ground to be picked. This " 15580"occurs in the small dry season (mid-February to April), known as " 15581"<em>awarhadlithe</em>, a term derived from the name of the palm.<sup><a " 15582"href=\"#footnote-7\">[7], </a></sup><sup><a " 15583"href=\"#footnote-17\">[17]</a></sup> There are no myths about <em>Awarhakoya" 15584" </em>but it is said that the constellation is followed by that of the " 15585"<em>Hadorhikoya</em> ‘Spirit of the red acouchi’ and " 15586"<em>Hokorherokoya</em> ‘Spirit of the red-rumped agouti’. Their " 15587"appearance signals that the rodents are gathering by the palms to eat the " 15588"fallen fruit. <em>Awarhakoya</em> is recognized today in stars close to the " 15589"Western constellation Coma Berenices, but older sources suggest it is near " 15590"Sirius.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-11\">[11]</a></sup> It is the only " 15591"constellation named after a plant, which speaks to the importance of the " 15592"awara palm to the Lokono. The Kari'na also have a constellation of the " 15593"awara, sometimes recognized in the same stars.<sup><a " 15594"href=\"#footnote-17\">[17], </a></sup><sup><a " 15595"href=\"#footnote-20\">[20]</a></sup>" 15596msgstr "" 15597"A constelación <em>Awarhakoya</em> ‘Espírito da palma de awara’ " 15598"ten a forma dunha palma de awara (<em>Astrocaryum vulgare</em>). A súa " 15599"aparfición no ceo en xaneiro significa que os froitos awara están a madurar." 15600" Nos meses seguintes, <em>Awarhakoya</em> achégase ó horizonte, o que " 15601"significa que os froitos caerán ó chan para seren collidos. Isto ocorre na " 15602"pequena estación seca (mediados de febreiro a abril), coñecida como " 15603"<em>awarhadlithe</em>, un termo derivado do nome da palma.<sup><a " 15604"href=\"#footnote-7\">[7], </a></sup><sup><a " 15605"href=\"#footnote-17\">[17]</a></sup> Non hai mitos sobre <em>Awarhakoya " 15606"</em>pero dise que a constelación é seguida pola de <em>Hadorhikoya</em> " 15607"‘Espírito do acuchí vermello’ e <em>Hokorherokoya</em> " 15608"‘Espírito do agutí de lombo vermello’. A súa aparición indica " 15609"que os roedores están recollendo o froito caído polas palmas para comelo. " 15610"<em>Awarhakoya</em> Recoñécese hoxe en estrelas próximas á constelación " 15611"occidental Coma Berenices, pero fontes máis antigas suxiren que está preto " 15612"de Sirius.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-11\">[11]</a></sup> É a única " 15613"constelación nomeada a partir dunha planta, o que indica a importancia da " 15614"palma awara para os lokono. Os Kari'na tamén teñen unha constelación do " 15615"awara, ás veces recoñecida nas mesmas estrelas.<sup><a " 15616"href=\"#footnote-17\">[17], </a></sup><sup><a " 15617"href=\"#footnote-20\">[20]</a></sup>" 15618 15619#. type: Content of: <p> 15620#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:325 15621msgid "<em>Hadorhikoya</em> 'Spirit of the red acouchi'" 15622msgstr "<em>Hadorhikoya</em> 'Espírito do acouchí vermello'" 15623 15624#. type: Content of: <p> 15625#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:327 15626msgid "" 15627"The unidentified constellation <em>Hadorhikoya</em> ‘Spirit of the red" 15628" acouchi’ (<em>Myoprocta acouchy</em>) was mentioned by the Penard " 15629"brothers.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-17\">[17]</a></sup> It should follow the " 15630"constellation <em>Awarhakoya</em> appearing near it sometime after February." 15631" Its appearance signals that the ripe fruits of the palm attract the red " 15632"acouchi to the awara grooves, where they can be hunted. There is no Lokono " 15633"myth about <em>Hadorhikoya</em>, but a Kari’na myth about the " 15634"unidentified Kari’na constellation of the red acouchi relates it to " 15635"the several other constellations. According to the story, there were two " 15636"brothers, of which one had a wife. The unmarried brother killed his brother," 15637" fed his liver to the wife, took her as his wife, and had a child with her. " 15638"The spirit of the dead brother told the woman that his brother killed him, " 15639"so she and her child decided to run away and ascend to the sky as the " 15640"constellation of the agouti and acouchi. The spirit also told his brother to" 15641" cut open his corpse and scatter his insides, which became the Pleiades, " 15642"while the killer became the constellation of the anaconda.<sup><a " 15643"href=\"#footnote-11\">[11]</a></sup>" 15644msgstr "" 15645"A constelación sen identificar <em>Hadorhikoya</em> ‘Espírito do " 15646"acuchí vermello’ (<em>Myoprocta acouchy</em>) foi mencionada polos " 15647"irmáns Penard.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-17\">[17]</a></sup> Podería seguir á " 15648"constelación <em>Awarhakoya</em> aparecendo preto dela nalgún momento " 15649"despois de febreiro. A súa aparición indica que os froitos maduros da palma " 15650"atraen o acouchi vermello ás ramas awara, onde poden ser cazados. Non hai " 15651"ningún mito lokono sobre <em>Hadorhikoya</em>, pero un mito dos Kari'na " 15652"sobre a constelación non identificada do acouchi vermello relaciónao con " 15653"varias outras constelacións. Segundo o relato, había dous irmáns, dos cales " 15654"un tiña muller. O irmán solteiro matou o seu irmán, entregoulle o fígado á " 15655"muller, tomouna como a súa muller e tivo un fillo con ela. O espírito do " 15656"irmán morto díxolle á muller que o seu irmán o matou, polo que ela e o seu " 15657"fillo decidiron fuxir e ascender ó ceo como a constelación do agouti e o " 15658"acouchi. O espírito tamén lle dixo ó seu irmán que abrise o seu cadáver e " 15659"espallase as súas entrañas, que se converteron nas Pléiades, mentres que o " 15660"asasino se converteu na constelación da anaconda.<sup><a " 15661"href=\"#footnote-11\">[11]</a></sup>" 15662 15663#. type: Content of: <p> 15664#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:328 15665msgid "<em>Hakorherokoya</em> 'Spirit of the red-rumped agouti'" 15666msgstr "<em>Hakorherokoya</em> 'Espírito do agutí de lombo vermello'" 15667 15668#. type: Content of: <p> 15669#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:330 15670msgid "" 15671"The unidentified constellation <em>Hokorherokoya</em> ‘Spirit of the " 15672"red-rumped agouti’ was mentioned by the Penard brothers, who explain " 15673"that like <em>Hadorhikoya</em>, it follows <em>Awarhakoya</em>.<sup><a " 15674"href=\"#footnote-17\">[17]</a></sup> It signals that the ripe fruit attracts" 15675" the agouti (<em>Dasyprocta leporina</em>) to the awara palms, where they " 15676"can be hunted. Claudius de Goeje adds that it is followed by " 15677"<em>Kabadarokoya</em> ‘Spirit of the tiger’, which, like humans," 15678" knows agouti's habits.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-11\">[11]</a></sup> There is" 15679" no Lokono myth about <em>Hokorherokoya</em>, but a Kari’na myth about" 15680" the unidentified constellation of the agouti explains its origin. According" 15681" to the story, there were two brothers, one married, the other not. The " 15682"unmarried one killed the other, fed his liver to the wife, took her as his " 15683"wife, and had a child with her. The dead brother's spirit told her that his " 15684"brother killed him, so she and her child ran away, becoming the agouti and " 15685"acouchi constellations. The spirit then told his brother to open his corpse " 15686"and scatter his insides, which became the Pleiades, while the killer became " 15687"the anaconda constellation.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-11\">[11]</a></sup>" 15688msgstr "" 15689"A constelación sen identificar <em>Hokorherokoya</em> ‘Espírito do " 15690"agutí de lombo vermello’ foi mencionada polos irmáns Penard, que " 15691"explican que <em>Hadorhikoya</em>segue a <em>Awarhakoya</em>.<sup><a " 15692"href=\"#footnote-17\">[17]</a></sup> Iso indica que a froita madura atrae o " 15693"agutí (<em>Dasyprocta leporina</em>) ás palmas awara, onde se poden cazar. " 15694"Claudio de Goeje engade que a segue <em>Kabadarokoya</em> ‘Espírito do" 15695" tigre’, que, como os humanos, coñece os hábitos dos agutís.<sup><a " 15696"href=\"#footnote-11\">[11]</a></sup> Non hai mitos lokono sobre " 15697"<em>Hokorherokoya</em>, pero un mito dos Kari’na sobre a constelación " 15698"non identificada de agouti explica a súa orixe. Segundo o relato había dous " 15699"irmáns, un casado e o outro non. O solteiro matou ó outro, entregoulle o " 15700"fígado á muller, tomouna como a súa muller e tivo un fillo con ela. O " 15701"espírito do irmán morto díxolle que o seu irmán o matara, polo que ela e o " 15702"seu fillo fuxiron, converténdose nas constelacións agouti e acouchi. O " 15703"espírito entón díxolle ó seu irmán que abrise o seu cadáver e espallase as " 15704"súas entrañas, que se converteron nas Pléiades, mentres que o asasino se " 15705"converteu na constelación de anaconda.<sup><a " 15706"href=\"#footnote-11\">[11]</a></sup>" 15707 15708#. type: Content of: <p> 15709#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:332 15710msgid "<em>Kabadarokoya</em> 'Spirit of the jaguar'" 15711msgstr "<em>Kabadarokoya</em> 'Espírito do xaguar'" 15712 15713#. type: Content of: <p> 15714#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:333 15715msgid "" 15716"<em>Kabadarokoya</em> or <em>Arhwakoya</em> ‘Spirit of the " 15717"jaguar’ was mentioned by the Penard brothers, who link it to a Lokono " 15718"myth.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-7\">[7], </a></sup><sup><a " 15719"href=\"#footnote-11\">[11]</a></sup> According to the story, " 15720"<em>Kabadaro</em> (<em>Panthera onca</em>) was the father of " 15721"<em>Korhirhwathe </em>(<em>Leopardus species</em>), whom he loved so much, " 15722"he did not want to marry her out.<sup><a " 15723"href=\"#footnote-33\">[33]</a></sup> One day a thorn got stuck in his paw " 15724"and a man helped him take it out, so he gave the man his daughter as his " 15725"wife. The family always had meat, so other people were jealous and told the " 15726"man that his wife cheated on him. He started mistreating her. When the " 15727"jaguar learned about this, he ran away with his daughter but the man " 15728"followed them everywhere, so finally they ascended to the sky. But when the " 15729"Lokono kill a jaguar, they can come back to earth to kill people. According " 15730"to Claudius de Goeje, it follows the agouti star, a delicacy of the " 15731"jaguars.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-11\">[11]</a></sup> The constellation is " 15732"unidentified. The Kari’na constellation of the jaguar is said to " 15733"appear around the small dry season, when jaguars roar more because they " 15734"suffer from insects.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-17\">[17], </a></sup><sup><a " 15735"href=\"#footnote-20\">[20]</a></sup>" 15736msgstr "" 15737"<em>Kabadarokoya</em> ou <em>Arhwakoya</em> ‘Expírito do xaguar’" 15738" foi mencionada polos irmáns Penard, que a relacionan cun mito " 15739"lokono.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-7\">[7], </a></sup><sup><a " 15740"href=\"#footnote-11\">[11]</a></sup> Segundo a historia <em>Kabadaro</em> " 15741"(<em>Panthera onca</em>) era o pai de <em>Korhirhwathe </em>(<em>Leopardus " 15742"species</em>), a quen amaba tanto que non quería que casase.<sup><a " 15743"href=\"#footnote-33\">[33]</a></sup> Un día unha espiña cravouse na súa pata" 15744" e un home axudoulle a sacala, polo que lle deu á súa filla como muller. A " 15745"familia sempre tiña carne, polo que outras persoas estaban celosas e " 15746"dixéronlle ó home que a súa muller o enganara. Comezou a maltratala. Cando o" 15747" xaguar soubo disto, fuxiu coa súa filla pero o home seguiunos por todas " 15748"partes, así que finalmente subiron ó ceo. Pero cando os lokono matan un " 15749"xaguar, poden volver á terra para matar xente. Segundo Claudio de Goeje, " 15750"segue a estrela agouti, un manxar dos xaguares.<sup><a " 15751"href=\"#footnote-11\">[11]</a></sup> A constelación non está identificada. " 15752"Dise que a constelación do xaguar Kari'na aparece arredor da pequena " 15753"estación seca, cando os xaguares roxen máis porque teñen insectos.<sup><a " 15754"href=\"#footnote-17\">[17], </a></sup><sup><a " 15755"href=\"#footnote-20\">[20]</a></sup>" 15756 15757#. type: Content of: <p> 15758#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:335 15759msgid "<em>Korhirhwathekoya</em> 'Spirit of the ocelot'" 15760msgstr "<em>Korhirhwathekoya</em> 'Espírito do ocelote'" 15761 15762#. type: Content of: <p> 15763#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:336 15764msgid "" 15765"The constellation <em>Korhirhwathe</em> ‘Spirit of the ocelot’ " 15766"was mentioned by the Penard brothers, who link it to the same Lokono myth " 15767"summarized above for <em>Kabadarokoya</em>.<sup><a " 15768"href=\"#footnote-11\">[11]</a></sup> According to the story, " 15769"<em>Kabadaro</em> (<em>Panthera onca</em>) was the father of " 15770"<em>Korhirhwathe </em>(<em>Leopardus species</em>), whom he loved so much, " 15771"he did not want to marry her out. However, one day a thorn got stuck in his " 15772"paw and a man helped him take it out, so he gave the man his daughter as his" 15773" wife. The family always had plenty of meat, so other people became jealous " 15774"and told the man that his wife cheated on him. As a result, he started " 15775"mistreating <em>Korhirhwathe</em>. When the jaguar learned about this, he " 15776"took his daughter, and ran away with her into the forest, but the man " 15777"followed them everywhere, so finally they ascended to the sky becoming " 15778"constellations. Now, when the Lokono kill a jaguar, they can come back to " 15779"earth to kill people." 15780msgstr "" 15781"A constelación <em>Korhirhwathe</em> ‘Espírito do ocelote’ foi " 15782"mencionada polos irmáns Penard, que o ligan ó mesmo mito dos lokono resumido" 15783" anteriormente para <em>Kabadarokoya</em>.<sup><a " 15784"href=\"#footnote-11\">[11]</a></sup> Segundo a historia, <em>Kabadaro</em> " 15785"(<em>Panthera onca</em>) era o pai de <em>Korhirhwathe </em>(<em>Leopardus " 15786"species</em>), a quen amaba tanto que non quería que casase.Non obstante, un" 15787" día unha espiña cravouse na súa pata e un home axudoulle a sacala, polo que" 15788" lle deu a súa filla como muller. A familia sempre tiña moita carne, polo " 15789"que outras persoas quedaron celosas e dixéronlle ao home que a súa muller o " 15790"enganou. Como resultado, comezou a maltratar a <em>Korhirhwathe</em>. Cando " 15791"o xaguar soubo disto, fuxiu coa súa filla pero o home seguiunos por todas " 15792"partes, así que finalmente subiron ó ceo. Pero cando os lokono matan un " 15793"xaguar, poden volver á terra para matar xente. " 15794 15795#. type: Content of: <p> 15796#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:338 15797msgid "<em>Hawkoya</em> 'Spirit of the pale-throated sloth'" 15798msgstr "<em>Hawkoya</em> 'Espírito do perezoso de gorxa pálida'" 15799 15800#. type: Content of: <p> 15801#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:339 15802msgid "" 15803"The constellation <em>Hawkoya</em> ‘Spirit of the pale-throated " 15804"sloth’ was mentioned by Claudius de Goeje.<sup><a " 15805"href=\"#footnote-11\">[11]</a></sup> It represents a species of a sloth " 15806"(<em>Bradypus tridactylus</em>) and is an omen of storms and windy weather " 15807"that occur at the beginning of the big dry season (between August and " 15808"December). At this time, the sloths start to wander about more, and the " 15809"Lokono say that it is because of the winds.<sup><a " 15810"href=\"#footnote-17\">[17]</a></sup> The constellation remains unidentified." 15811msgstr "" 15812"A constelación <em>Hawkoya</em> ‘Espírito do perezoso de gorxa " 15813"pálida’ foi mencionada por Claudius de Goeje.<sup><a " 15814"href=\"#footnote-11\">[11]</a></sup> Representa unha especie de perezoso " 15815"(<em>Bradypus tridactylus</em>) e supón un pronóstico de tormentas e tempo " 15816"ventoso o que se producen ao comezo da gran estación seca (entre agosto e " 15817"decembro). Neste momento, os perezosos comezan a vagar máis, e os lokonos " 15818"din que é por mor dos ventos.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-17\">[17]</a></sup> A " 15819"constelación permanece sen identificar." 15820 15821#. type: Content of: <p> 15822#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:341 15823msgid "<em> Warhemedokoya </em> 'Spirit of the two-toed sloth'" 15824msgstr "<em> Warhemedokoya </em> 'Espírito do perezoso de dous dedos'" 15825 15826#. type: Content of: <p> 15827#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:342 15828msgid "" 15829"Similarly, <em>Warhemedokoya</em> ‘Spirit of the two-toed " 15830"sloth’, mentioned by the Penard brothers, is said to appear when the " 15831"storms and winds of the big dry season are about to start and make the " 15832"sloths move about more.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-17\">[17]</a></sup> It " 15833"represents the two-toed sloth (<em>Choloepus didactylus</em>). The " 15834"constellation remains unidentified." 15835msgstr "" 15836"De xeito semellante, <em>Warhemedokoya</em> ‘Espírito do perezoso de " 15837"dous dedos’, mencionada polos irmáns Penard, dise que aparece cando as" 15838" tormentas e os ventos da gran estación seca están a piques de comezar e fan" 15839" que os perezosos se despracen máis.<sup><a " 15840"href=\"#footnote-17\">[17]</a></sup> Representa o perezoso de dous dedos " 15841"(<em>Choloepus didactylus</em>). A constelación está sen identificar." 15842 15843#. type: Content of: <p> 15844#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:344 15845msgid "<em> Yôwanakoya </em> 'Spirit of the green iguana'" 15846msgstr "<em> Yôwanakoya </em> 'Espírito da iguana verde'" 15847 15848#. type: Content of: <p> 15849#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:345 15850msgid "" 15851"The constellation <em>Yôwanakoya</em> ‘Spirit of the green " 15852"iguana’ is mentioned by the Penard brothers.<sup><a " 15853"href=\"#footnote-17\">[17]</a></sup> It represents the green iguana " 15854"(<em>Iguana iguana</em>) and appears when the iguanas lay their eggs in the " 15855"sand, which should be sometime in April and May, but the constellation " 15856"remains unidentified." 15857msgstr "" 15858"A constelación <em>Yôwanakoya</em> ‘Espírito da iguana " 15859"verde’ é mencionada polos irmáns Penard. <sup><a " 15860"href=\"#footnote-17\">[17]</a></sup> Representa unha iguana verde " 15861"(<em>Iguana iguana</em>) e aparece cando as iguanas depositan os ovos na " 15862"area, que debería ser nalgún momento en abril e maio, pero a constelación " 15863"segue sen ser identificada." 15864 15865#. type: Content of: <p> 15866#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:347 15867msgid "<em> Yarheyarherokoya </em> 'Spirit of the lilac-tailed parrot'" 15868msgstr "<em> Yarheyarherokoya </em> 'Espírito do loro de cola lila'" 15869 15870#. type: Content of: <p> 15871#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:348 15872msgid "" 15873"The constellation <em>Yarheyarherokoya</em> ‘Spirit of the lilac-" 15874"tailed parrot’ (<em>Touit batavicus</em>) was mentioned by Claudius de" 15875" Goeje.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-11\">[11]</a></sup> The constellation is not" 15876" known to contemporary Lokono; neither do we know what its appearance used " 15877"to signify." 15878msgstr "" 15879"A constelación <em>Yarheyarherokoya</em> ‘Espírito do loro de rabo " 15880"lila’ (<em>Touit batavicus</em>) foi mencionada por Claudius de " 15881"Goeje.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-11\">[11]</a></sup> Os lokono contemporáneos " 15882"non coñecen a constelación; tampouco sabemos cal era o seu aspecto para " 15883"detectala." 15884 15885#. type: Content of: <p> 15886#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:350 15887msgid "<em> Marodirokoya </em> 'Spirit of the marail guan'" 15888msgstr "<em> Marodirokoya </em> 'Espírito da maraila guan'" 15889 15890#. type: Content of: <p> 15891#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:351 15892msgid "" 15893"The constellation <em>Marodikoya</em> ‘Spirit of the marail " 15894"guan’ was mentioned by Claudius de Goeje, who comments that it has the" 15895" shape of the marail guan (<em>Penelope marail</em>).<sup><a " 15896"href=\"#footnote-11\">[11]</a></sup> The constellation is not known to " 15897"contemporary Lokono; neither do we know what its appearance used to signify." 15898msgstr "" 15899"A constelación <em>Marodikoya</em> ‘Espírito do marail guan’ foi" 15900" mencionada por Claudius de Goeje, que comenta que tiña o aspecto do marail " 15901"guan (<em>Penelope marail</em>).<sup><a href=\"#footnote-11\">[11]</a></sup>" 15902" A constelación non é coñecida polos lokono contemporáneos; tampouco sabemos" 15903" cal era o seu aspecto para identificala." 15904 15905#. type: Content of: <p> 15906#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:353 15907msgid "<em> Hikarowanakoya </em> 'Spirit of the little cuckoo'" 15908msgstr "<em> Hikarowanakoya </em> 'Espírito do pequeno cuco'" 15909 15910#. type: Content of: <p> 15911#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:354 15912msgid "" 15913"The constellation <em>Hikarowanakoya</em> ‘Spirit of the little " 15914"cuckoo’ was only mentioned by Claudius de Goeje.<sup><a " 15915"href=\"#footnote-11\">[11]</a></sup> It represents the little cuckoo " 15916"(<em>Coccycua minuta</em>). The constellation remains unidentified; neither " 15917"do we know what its appearance used to signify. However, the Penard brothers" 15918" mention the Kari’na constellation of a cuckoo species identified as " 15919"the very similar <em>Piaya cayana</em>.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-17\">[17], " 15920"</a></sup><sup><a href=\"#footnote-22\">[22]</a></sup> The Kari'na " 15921"constellation is said to bring luck to hunters. Interestingly, the Lokono " 15922"link hunter’s luck to the little cuckoo as well. They say that if the " 15923"bird passes you calling <em>pikwan pikwan pikwan</em>, you have to watch " 15924"out, as something bad might happen to you." 15925msgstr "" 15926"A constgelación <em>Hikarowanakoya</em> ‘Espírito do pequeno " 15927"cuco’ foi mencionada por Claudius de Goeje.<sup><a " 15928"href=\"#footnote-11\">[11]</a></sup> Representa o cuco pequeno (<em>Coccycua" 15929" minuta</em>). A constelación segue sen ser identificada; tampouco sabemos " 15930"cal era o seu aspecto para identificala. Non obstante, os irmáns Penard " 15931"mencionan a constelación dos Kari'na, unha especie de cuco identificada " 15932"como moi similar a <em>Piaya cayana</em>.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-17\">[17]," 15933" </a></sup><sup><a href=\"#footnote-22\">[22]</a></sup> Dise que a " 15934"constelación dos Kari'na trae sorte aos cazadores. Curiosamente, os lokono " 15935"tamén relacionan a sorte do cazador co pequeno cuco. Din que se o paxaro " 15936"pasa chamando <em>pikwan pikwan pikwan</em>, tes que estar atento, xa que " 15937"che pode pasar algo malo." 15938 15939#. type: Content of: <p> 15940#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:356 15941msgid "<em> Sûtukoya </em> 'Spirit of the red-handed tamarin'" 15942msgstr "<em> Sûtukoya </em> 'Espírito do tamarín de mans vermellas'" 15943 15944#. type: Content of: <p> 15945#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:357 15946msgid "" 15947"The constellation <em>Sûtukoya</em> ‘Spirit of the red-handed " 15948"tamarin’ (<em>Saguinus midas</em>) was mentioned by Cornelius van Coll" 15949" and the Penard brothers but it remains poorly identified.<sup><a " 15950"href=\"#footnote-7\">[7], </a></sup><sup><a href=\"#footnote-11\">[11], " 15951"</a></sup><sup><a href=\"#footnote-43\">[43]</a></sup> According to Claudius" 15952" de Goeje, it should correspond to the Western constellation Coma " 15953"Berenices.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-17\">[17]</a></sup> It is not clear " 15954"whether this is correct, however, given that today we find the constellation" 15955" <em>Awarhakoya</em> in this part of the sky, which is easily recognized by " 15956"numerous speakers. There are no myths related to this constellation." 15957msgstr "" 15958"A constelación <em>Sûtukoya</em> ‘Espírito do tamarín de mans " 15959"vermellas’ (<em>Saguinus midas</em>) foi mencionada por Cornelius van " 15960"Coll e or irmáns Penard, pero permanece case sen identificar.<sup><a " 15961"href=\"#footnote-7\">[7], </a></sup><sup><a href=\"#footnote-11\">[11], " 15962"</a></sup><sup><a href=\"#footnote-43\">[43]</a></sup> Segundo Claudius de " 15963"Goeje, poderíase corresponder coas constelación do oeste Coma " 15964"Berenices.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-17\">[17]</a></sup> Non está claro que " 15965"isto sexa correcto, con todo, hoxe atopamos a constelación " 15966"<em>Awarhakoya</em> nesta parte do ceo, que é facilmente recoñecida por " 15967"numerosos falantes. Non hai mitos relacionados con esta constelación." 15968 15969#. type: Content of: <p> 15970#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:359 15971msgid "<em> Howakoya </em> 'Spirit of the white-faced saki'" 15972msgstr "<em> Howakoya </em> 'Espírito do saki de cara branca'" 15973 15974#. type: Content of: <p> 15975#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:360 15976msgid "" 15977"The constellation <em>Howakoya</em> 'Spirit of the white-faced saki’ " 15978"was only mentioned by de Claudius de Goeje.<sup><a " 15979"href=\"#footnote-17\">[17]</a></sup> It represents the spirit of white-faced" 15980" saki (<em>Pithecia pithecia</em>) but the constellation and its " 15981"significance remain unknown.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-44\">[44]</a></sup>" 15982msgstr "" 15983"A constelación <em>Howakoya</em> 'Espírito do saki de cara branca’ só " 15984"foi mencionada por de Claudius de Goeje.<sup><a " 15985"href=\"#footnote-17\">[17]</a></sup> Representa o espírito do saki de cara " 15986"branca (<em>Pithecia pithecia</em>) pero a constelación e o seu significado " 15987"permanecen descoñecidos.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-44\">[44]</a></sup>" 15988 15989#. type: Content of: <p> 15990#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:362 15991msgid "<em> Imenarikoya </em> 'Spirit of the scorpion'" 15992msgstr "<em> Imenarikoya </em> 'Espírito do escorpión'" 15993 15994#. type: Content of: <p> 15995#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:363 15996msgid "" 15997"The constellation <em>Imenarikoya</em> ‘Spirit of the scorpion’ " 15998"was only mentioned by Claudius de Goeje.<sup><a " 15999"href=\"#footnote-11\">[11]</a></sup> The constellation refers to a spirit of" 16000" an unidentified species of a large poisonous scorpion. There are no known " 16001"myths about <em>Imenarikoya</em>. The constellation could be a case of " 16002"cultural borrowing from non-indigenous populations, as has been suggested " 16003"for the Kari'na constellation representing a scorpion." 16004msgstr "" 16005"A constelación <em>Imenarikoya</em> ‘Espírito do escorpión’ só " 16006"foi mencionada por Claudius de Goeje.<sup><a " 16007"href=\"#footnote-11\">[11]</a></sup> A constelación refírese a un espírito " 16008"dunha especie non identificada dun gran escorpión velenoso. Non hai mitos " 16009"coñecidos sobre <em>Imenarikoya</em>. A constelación podería ser un caso de " 16010"préstamo cultural de poboacións non indíxenas, como se suxeriu para a " 16011"constelación dos Kari'na que representa un escorpión." 16012 16013#. type: Content of: <p> 16014#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:365 16015msgid "<em> Maraka </em> 'Rattle of the medicine-man'" 16016msgstr "<em> Maraka </em> 'Axóuxere do menciñeiro'" 16017 16018#. type: Content of: <p> 16019#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:366 16020msgid "" 16021"The constellation <em> Maraka </em> 'Rattle of the medicine-man' was " 16022"mentioned by Claudius de Goeje, and refers to a rattle used by the Lokono " 16023"medicine-men, which is made of a calabash pierced with a stick, adorned with" 16024" feathers of a certain parrot, and filled with numerous small crystals, each" 16025" of which harbors a different spirit, that is a different type of " 16026"<em>koya</em>.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-11\">[11]</a></sup> The constellation" 16027" remains unidentified; there is no Karin'a or Warao equivalent and there are" 16028" no myths related to it." 16029msgstr "" 16030"A constelación <em> Maraka </em> 'Axóuxere do menciñeiro' foi mencionada por" 16031" Claudius de Goeje, e refírese a un axóuxere usado polos menciñeiros lokono," 16032" que está formado por unha cabaza atravesada cun pau, adornado con plumas " 16033"dun determinado loro, e cheo de numerosos pequenos cristais, cada un dos " 16034"cales alberga un espírito diferente, que é un diferente tipo de " 16035"<em>koya</em>.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-11\">[11]</a></sup> A constelación " 16036"segue sen ser identificada; non hai equivalente nos Karin'a ou Warao e non " 16037"hai mitos relacionados con ela." 16038 16039#. type: Content of: <p> 16040#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:368 16041msgid "" 16042"<em> Shimarhabokoya </em> 'Spirit of the bow and arrow' and <em> " 16043"Arakabosakoya </em> 'Spirit of the gun'" 16044msgstr "" 16045"<em> Shimarhabokoya </em> 'Espírito do arco e as frechas' e <em> " 16046"Arakabosakoya </em> 'Espírito da arma'" 16047 16048#. type: Content of: <p> 16049#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:369 16050msgid "" 16051"The constellation <em>Shimarhabokoya</em> ‘Spirit of the bow and arrow’ and " 16052"<em>Arakabosakoya</em> ‘Spirit of the gun’ were mentioned by Claudius de " 16053"Goeje.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-11\">[11]</a></sup> Both constellations " 16054"remain unidentified and do not have Kari’na and Warao counterparts, and " 16055"there are no myths related to them." 16056msgstr "" 16057"A constelación <em>Shimarhabokoya</em> ‘Espírito do arco e as frechas’ e <em>Arakabosakoya</em> ‘Espírito da arma' foron mencionadas por Claudius de Goeje.<sup><a href=\"#footnote-11\">[11]</a></sup> Ambas as constelacións permanecen sen identificar e non teñen equivalente Kari'na ou Warao, e non hai mitos relacionados con elas.\n" 16058" " 16059 16060#. type: Content of: <p> 16061#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:371 16062msgid "<em> Korherokoya </em> 'Spirit of the parrot'" 16063msgstr "<em> Korherokoya </em> 'Espírito de loro'" 16064 16065#. type: Content of: <p> 16066#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:372 16067msgid "" 16068"The constellation <em>Korherokoya</em> ‘Spirit of the " 16069"parrot’ was only mentioned by Claudius de Goeje.<sup><a " 16070"href=\"#footnote-11\">[11]</a></sup> The constellation refers to a spirit of" 16071" an unidentified species of a parrot, but it was mentioned as the equivalent" 16072" of the Kari’na constellation <em>Kurewako yumï</em> ‘Father of the orange-" 16073"winged parrot’, representing the orange-winged parrot (<em>Amazona " 16074"amazonica</em>). There are no known myths about <em>Korherokoya</em>. It " 16075"should appear in February when the parrots are big enough to be taken out of" 16076" their nests, but the constellation remains unidentified." 16077msgstr "" 16078"A constelación <em>Korherokoya</em> ‘Espírito do loro’ só foi " 16079"mencionada por Claudius de Goeje.<sup><a " 16080"href=\"#footnote-11\">[11]</a></sup> A constelación refírese a un espírito " 16081"dunha especie non identificada de loro, pero foi mencionado como o " 16082"equivalente á constelación dos Kari'na <em>Kurewako yumï</em> ‘Pai do loro " 16083"alaranxado’, que representa un loro laranxa (<em>Amazona amazonica</em>). " 16084"Non se coñecen mitos sobre <em>Korherokoya</em>. Debería aparecer en " 16085"febreiro, cando os papagaios son o suficientemente grandes como para ser " 16086"sacados dos seus niños, pero a constelación segue sen ser identificada." 16087 16088#. type: Content of: <p> 16089#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:374 16090msgid "<em> Kasipenikoya </em> 'Spirit of the sea turtle'" 16091msgstr "<em> Kasipenikoya </em> 'Espírito de tartaruga de mar'" 16092 16093#. type: Content of: <p> 16094#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:375 16095msgid "" 16096"The constellation <em>Kasipenikoya</em> ‘Spirit of the sea " 16097"turtle’ was mentioned by Claudius de Goeje.<sup><a " 16098"href=\"#footnote-11\">[11]</a></sup> It refers to the spirit of an " 16099"unidentified species of a turtle. It may be the case that it is the same as " 16100"<em>Katarokoya</em>. The term <em>kataro</em> (<em>Chelonia mydas</em>) " 16101"appears to be a term borrowed from Kari’na, it is thus possible that " 16102"<em>kasipeni</em> is the original Lokono term for the same turtle. However, " 16103"there are several species of turtles in the Guianas, thus <em>kataro</em> " 16104"and <em>kasipeni</em> can also refer to different species, and their spirits" 16105" be identified with different constellations." 16106msgstr "" 16107"Aa constelación <em>Kasipenikoya</em> ‘Espírito da tartaruga " 16108"mariña’ foi mencionado por Claudius de Goeje.<sup><a " 16109"href=\"#footnote-11\">[11]</a></sup> Refírese ao espírito dunha especie non " 16110"identificada dunha tartaruga. Pode darse o caso de que sexa o mesmo ca " 16111"<em>Katarokoya</em>. O termo <em>kataro</em> (<em>Chelonia mydas</em>) " 16112"parece ser un termo prestado polos Kari'na, polo tanto, é posible " 16113"que<em>kasipeni</em> sexa o termo orixinal de lokono para a mesma tartaruga." 16114" Non obstante, hai varias especies de tartarugas nas Guianas<em>kataro</em> " 16115"e <em>kasipeni</em> Tamén pode referirse a diferentes especies, e os seus " 16116"espíritos poden identificarse con diferentes constelacións." 16117 16118#. type: Content of: <p> 16119#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:378 16120msgid "" 16121"This sky culture was contributed by <a " 16122"href=\"https://uva.academia.edu/KonradRybka\" class='external text' " 16123"title=\"https://uva.academia.edu/KonradRybka\" rel=\"nofollow\">Konrad " 16124"Rybka</a> and produced with the help of Lokono speakers in Suriname " 16125"(Cassipora) and Guyana (Wakapoa). The research was carried out as part of " 16126"the project supported by a Rubicon postdoctoral grant from the Netherlands " 16127"Organization for Scientific Research (project number 446-15-012). Quote as: " 16128"Rybka, Konrad 2018. <em>Lokono sky culture: a description of Lokono " 16129"ethnoastronomical knowledge for Stellarium software. </em> Version 1.0" 16130msgstr "" 16131"A esta cultura do ceo contribuíu <a " 16132"href=\"https://uva.academia.edu/KonradRybka\" class='external text' " 16133"title=\"https://uva.academia.edu/KonradRybka\" rel=\"nofollow\">Konrad " 16134"Rybka</a>e realizouse coa axuda de falantes de lokono en Surinam (Cassipora)" 16135" e Guyana (Wakapoa). A investigación levouse a cabo como parte do proxecto " 16136"apoiado por unha subvención posdoutoral de Rubicon da Organización Holandesa" 16137" para a Investigación Científica (número de proxecto 446-15-012). Cita como:" 16138" Rybka, Konrad 2018. <em>Lokono sky culture: a description of Lokono " 16139"ethnoastronomical knowledge for Stellarium software. </em> Version 1.0" 16140 16141#. type: Content of: <p> 16142#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:383 16143msgid "" 16144"[1] Rybka, Konrad. 2015. <a " 16145"href=\"https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/handle/10125/24635\">“State-of-" 16146"the-Art in the Development of the Lokono Language.”</a> Language " 16147"Documentation and Conservation 9: 110–13." 16148msgstr "" 16149"[1] Rybka, Konrad. 2015. <a " 16150"href=\"https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/handle/10125/24635\">“State-of-" 16151"the-Art in the Development of the Lokono Language.”</a> Language " 16152"Documentation and Conservation 9: 110–13." 16153 16154#. type: Content of: <p> 16155#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:385 16156msgid "" 16157"[2] Rybka, Konrad. 2017. <a " 16158"href=\"https://www.degruyter.com/view/books/9781614514886/9781614514886-010/9781614514886-010.xml" 16159" \">“Contact-Induced Phenomena in Lokono (Arawakan).”</a> In Boundaries and " 16160"Bridges, edited by Kofi Yakpo and Pieter C. Muysken. Berlin, Boston: De " 16161"Gruyter, pp 257-281." 16162msgstr "" 16163"[2] Rybka, Konrad. 2017. <a " 16164"href=\"https://www.degruyter.com/view/books/9781614514886/9781614514886-010/9781614514886-010.xml" 16165" \">“Contact-Induced Phenomena in Lokono (Arawakan).”</a> In Boundaries and " 16166"Bridges, editado por Kofi Yakpo e Pieter C. Muysken. Berlin, Boston: De " 16167"Gruyter, pp 257-281." 16168 16169#. type: Content of: <p> 16170#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:388 16171msgid "" 16172"[3] Navarette, Rodrigo Pérez de. 1964. “Relación de Las Provicias y Naciones" 16173" Que Los Indios Llamados Aruacas [Tienen] [...].” In Relaciones Geográficas " 16174"de Venezuela, edited by Antonio Arellano Moreno, 83–87. Caracas: Academia " 16175"Nacional de la Historia." 16176msgstr "" 16177"[3] Navarette, Rodrigo Pérez de. 1964. “Relación de Las Provincias y " 16178"Naciones Que Los Indios Llamados Aruacas [Tienen] [...].” In Relaciones " 16179"Geográficas de Venezuela, edited by Antonio Arellano Moreno, 83–87. Caracas:" 16180" Academia Nacional de la Historia." 16181 16182#. type: Content of: <p> 16183#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:390 16184msgid "" 16185"[4] Roth, Walter Edmund. 1924. An Introductory Study of the Arts, Crafts, " 16186"and Customs of the Guiana Indians. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing " 16187"Office." 16188msgstr "" 16189"[4] Roth, Walter Edmund. 1924. An Introductory Study of the Arts, Crafts, " 16190"and Customs of the Guiana Indians. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing " 16191"Office." 16192 16193#. type: Content of: <p> 16194#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:392 16195msgid "" 16196"[5] Goeje, Claudius Henricus de. 1943. Philosophy, Initiation and Myths of " 16197"the Indians of Guiana and Adjacent Countries. Archives Internationales " 16198"d’ethnographie. 44." 16199msgstr "" 16200"[5] Goeje, Claudius Henricus de. 1943. Philosophy, Initiation and Myths of " 16201"the Indians of Guiana and Adjacent Countries. Archives Internationales " 16202"d’ethnographie. 44." 16203 16204#. type: Content of: <p> 16205#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:394 16206msgid "" 16207"[6] Abbenhuis, M.F. 1939. Arawakken in Suriname: Enquête-Materiaal Voor Een " 16208"Volkenkundige Studie. Paramaribo: Leo Victor." 16209msgstr "" 16210"[6] Abbenhuis, M.F. 1939. Arawakken in Suriname: Enquête-Materiaal Voor Een " 16211"Volkenkundige Studie. Paramaribo: Leo Victor." 16212 16213#. type: Content of: <p> 16214#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:396 16215msgid "" 16216"[7] Coll, Cornelius van. 1903. “Gegevens over Land En Volk van Suriname I - " 16217"Suriname’s Oorspronkelijke Bevolking.” Bijdragen Tot de Taal-, Land- En " 16218"Volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast " 16219"Asia 55 (1): 453–529." 16220msgstr "" 16221"[7] Coll, Cornelius van. 1903. “Gegevens over Land En Volk van Suriname I - " 16222"Suriname’s Oorspronkelijke Bevolking.” Bijdragen Tot de Taal-, Land- En " 16223"Volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast " 16224"Asia 55 (1): 453–529." 16225 16226#. type: Content of: <p> 16227#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:398 16228msgid "" 16229"[8] Goeje, Claudius Henricus de. 1928. The Arawak Language of Guiana. " 16230"Amsterdam: Uitgave van der Koninklijke Akademie von Wetenschappen te " 16231"Amsterdam." 16232msgstr "" 16233"[8] Goeje, Claudius Henricus de. 1928. The Arawak Language of Guiana. " 16234"Amsterdam: Uitgave van der Koninklijke Akademie von Wetenschappen te " 16235"Amsterdam." 16236 16237#. type: Content of: <p> 16238#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:400 16239msgid "" 16240"[9] Brett, William Henry. 1880. Legends and Myths of the Aboriginal Indians " 16241"of British Guiana. London: Williams Wells Gardner." 16242msgstr "" 16243"[9] Brett, William Henry. 1880. Legends and Myths of the Aboriginal Indians " 16244"of British Guiana. London: Williams Wells Gardner." 16245 16246#. type: Content of: <p> 16247#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:402 16248msgid "" 16249"[10] Roth, Walter Edmund. 1915. An Inquiry into the Animism and Folk-Lore of" 16250" the Guiana Indians. Annual Report, Smithsonian Institution Bureau of " 16251"American Ethnology 30. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office." 16252msgstr "" 16253"[10] Roth, Walter Edmund. 1915. An Inquiry into the Animism and Folk-Lore of" 16254" the Guiana Indians. Annual Report, Smithsonian Institution Bureau of " 16255"American Ethnology 30. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office." 16256 16257#. type: Content of: <p> 16258#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:404 16259msgid "" 16260"[11] Goeje, Claudius Henricus de. 1942. “De Inwijding Tot Medicijnman Bij de" 16261" Arawakken (Guyana) in Tekst En Mythe.” Bijdragen Tot de Taal-, Land- En " 16262"Volkenkunde van Nederlandsch-Indië 101: 211–76." 16263msgstr "" 16264"[11] Goeje, Claudius Henricus de. 1942. “De Inwijding Tot Medicijnman Bij de" 16265" Arawakken (Guyana) in Tekst En Mythe.” Bijdragen Tot de Taal-, Land- En " 16266"Volkenkunde van Nederlandsch-Indië 101: 211–76." 16267 16268#. type: Content of: <p> 16269#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:406 16270msgid "" 16271"[12] Im Thurn, Everard Ferdinand. 1883. Among the Indians of Guiana: Being " 16272"Sketches Chiefly Anthropologic from the Interior of British Guiana. London: " 16273"K. Paul, Trench & Company." 16274msgstr "" 16275"[12] Im Thurn, Everard Ferdinand. 1883. Among the Indians of Guiana: Being " 16276"Sketches Chiefly Anthropologic from the Interior of British Guiana. London: " 16277"K. Paul, Trench & Company." 16278 16279#. type: Content of: <p> 16280#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:408 16281msgid "" 16282"[13] Laet, Joannes de. 1633. Novus Orbis, Seu Descriptionis Indiae " 16283"Occidentalis Libri XVIII. Leiden: Apud Elzevirios." 16284msgstr "" 16285"[13] Laet, Joannes de. 1633. Novus Orbis, Seu Descriptionis Indiae " 16286"Occidentalis Libri XVIII. Leiden: Apud Elzevirios." 16287 16288#. type: Content of: <p> 16289#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:410 16290msgid "" 16291"[14] Brett, William Henry. 1868. The Indian Tribes of Guiana: Their " 16292"Condition and Habits. London: Bell and Daldy." 16293msgstr "" 16294"[14] Brett, William Henry. 1868. The Indian Tribes of Guiana: Their " 16295"Condition and Habits. London: Bell and Daldy." 16296 16297#. type: Content of: <p> 16298#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:412 16299msgid "" 16300"[15] Baarle, Peter van, Mauricius Alberto Sabajo, van der Stap Gerdy, Sabajo" 16301" Andreas L., and Sabajo Lucia L. 1989. Arhwaka lokonong djang: Arowakse " 16302"taalkursus en woordenboek. Haarlem; Amsterdam: Sociaal-culturele Vereniging " 16303"Ikyoshie ; Instituut voor Algemene Taalwetenschap, Universiteit van " 16304"Amsterdam." 16305msgstr "" 16306"[15] Baarle, Peter van, Mauricius Alberto Sabajo, van der Stap Gerdy, Sabajo" 16307" Andreas L., and Sabajo Lucia L. 1989. Arhwaka lokonong djang: Arowakse " 16308"taalkursus en woordenboek. Haarlem; Amsterdam: Sociaal-culturele Vereniging " 16309"Ikyoshie ; Instituut voor Algemene Taalwetenschap, Universiteit van " 16310"Amsterdam." 16311 16312#. type: Content of: <p> 16313#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:414 16314msgid "" 16315"[16] Dance, Charles D. 1881. Chapters from a Guianese Log Book. Georgetown, " 16316"Guyana." 16317msgstr "" 16318"[16] Dance, Charles D. 1881. Chapters from a Guianese Log Book. Georgetown, " 16319"Guyana." 16320 16321#. type: Content of: <p> 16322#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:416 16323msgid "" 16324"[17] Penard, Frederik Paul, and Arthur Philip Penard. 1907. De Menschetende " 16325"Aanbidders Der Zonneslang. Paramaribo: H.B. Heyde." 16326msgstr "" 16327"[17] Penard, Frederik Paul, and Arthur Philip Penard. 1907. De Menschetende " 16328"Aanbidders Der Zonneslang. Paramaribo: H.B. Heyde." 16329 16330#. type: Content of: <p> 16331#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:418 16332msgid "" 16333"[18] Magaña, Edmundo, and Fabiola Jara. 1982. “The Carib sky.” Journal de la" 16334" Société des Américanistes 68 (1): 105–32." 16335msgstr "" 16336"[18] Magaña, Edmundo, and Fabiola Jara. 1982. “The Carib sky.” Journal de la" 16337" Société des Américanistes 68 (1): 105–32." 16338 16339#. type: Content of: <p> 16340#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:420 16341msgid "" 16342"[19] Bennett, John P. 1995. Twenty-Eight Lessons in Loko (Arawak): A " 16343"Teaching Guide. Georgetown, Guyana: Walter Roth Museum of Anthropology." 16344msgstr "" 16345"[19] Bennett, John P. 1995. Twenty-Eight Lessons in Loko (Arawak): A " 16346"Teaching Guide. Georgetown, Guyana: Walter Roth Museum of Anthropology." 16347 16348#. type: Content of: <p> 16349#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:422 16350msgid "" 16351"[20] Ahlbrinck, Willem. 1931. Encyclopaedie Der Karaïben. Amsterdam: " 16352"Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen." 16353msgstr "" 16354"[20] Ahlbrinck, Willem. 1931. Encyclopaedie Der Karaïben. Amsterdam: " 16355"Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen." 16356 16357#. type: Content of: <p> 16358#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:424 16359msgid "" 16360"[21] Schumann, Christian Ludwig. 1882. “Arawakish-Deutsches Wörterbuch.” In " 16361"Grammaires Et Vocabulaires Roucouyenne, Arrouague, Piapoco Et D’autres " 16362"Langues De La Région Des Guyanes, Par J. Crevaux, P . Sagot, L. Adam..., " 16363"edited by Jules Nicolas Crevaux, Paul Antoine Sagot, and Lucien Adam, 7–165." 16364" Paris: Maisonneuve." 16365msgstr "" 16366"[21] Schumann, Christian Ludwig. 1882. “Arawakish-Deutsches Wörterbuch.” In " 16367"Grammaires Et Vocabulaires Roucouyenne, Arrouague, Piapoco Et D’autres " 16368"Langues De La Région Des Guyanes, Par J. Crevaux, P . Sagot, L. Adam..., " 16369"edited by Jules Nicolas Crevaux, Paul Antoine Sagot, and Lucien Adam, 7–165." 16370" Paris: Maisonneuve." 16371 16372#. type: Content of: <p> 16373#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:426 16374msgid "" 16375"[22] Courtz, H. 2008. A Carib Grammar and Dictionary. Toronto, ON, Canada: " 16376"Magoria Books." 16377msgstr "" 16378"[22] Courtz, H. 2008. A Carib Grammar and Dictionary. Toronto, ON, Canada: " 16379"Magoria Books." 16380 16381#. type: Content of: <p> 16382#: ../../skycultures/lokono/description.en.utf8:428 16383msgid "" 16384"[23] Arawak manuscripts, American Philosophical Society, manuscript " 16385"number:<a " 16386"href=\"https://search.amphilsoc.org/collections/view?docId=ead/Mss.498.3.Sch8-ead.xml\">" 16387" Mss.498.3.Sch8. </a>Page 562 in the original manuscript, which corresponds " 16388"to page 576 in the digitalized document. The image was reduced in size, " 16389"cropped, and reproduced here with the kind permission of the American " 16390"Philosophical Society." 16391msgstr "" 16392"[23] Manuscritos arawak, American Philosophical Society, manuscrito " 16393"número:<a " 16394"href=\"https://search.amphilsoc.org/collections/view?docId=ead/Mss.498.3.Sch8-ead.xml\">" 16395" Mss.498.3.Sch8. </a>Páxina 562 do manuscrito orixinal, que se corresponde " 16396"coa páxina 576 do documento dixitalizado. A imaxe reduciuse en tamaño, foi " 16397"recortada e reproducida aquí co permiso da American Philosophical Society." 16398 16399#. type: Content of: <h2> 16400#: ../../skycultures/macedonian/description.en.utf8:1 16401msgid "Sky Map of Macedonian People" 16402msgstr "Mapa do ceo dos macedonios" 16403 16404#. type: Content of: <p> 16405#: ../../skycultures/macedonian/description.en.utf8:2 16406msgid "" 16407"Ethnoastronomical research among Macedonian people began in 1982, organized " 16408"by the Planetarium at Youth Cultural Centre. In the past years, around 140 " 16409"villages in Republic of Macedonia have been visited and over 1500 " 16410"inhabitants have been interviewed and surveyed. All collected information " 16411"from the population have been published in the book “Sky over Macedonia” " 16412"(Cenev G, 2004). An integral part of this book is the Sky map of Macedonian " 16413"people which has been reconstructed based on the descriptions of " 16414"constellations known to elderly inhabitants of Macedonian villages (Cenev " 16415"G., 2000)." 16416msgstr "" 16417"A investigación etnoastronómica entre os macedonios comezou en 1982, " 16418"organizada polo Planetario no Centro Cultural da Xuventude. Nos últimos anos" 16419" visitáronse preto de 140 aldeas da República de Macedonia e máis de 1500 " 16420"habitantes foron entrevistados e enquisados. Toda a información recollida da" 16421" poboación foi publicada no libro \"Sky over Macedonia\" (Cenev G, 2004). " 16422"Unha parte integrante deste libro é o mapa do ceo dos macedonios que foi " 16423"reconstruído a partir das descricións das constelacións coñecidas polos " 16424"anciáns dos pobos macedonios (Cenev G., 2000)." 16425 16426#. type: Content of: <dl><dt> 16427#: ../../skycultures/macedonian/description.en.utf8:8 16428msgid "Mother Hen (Kvachka) <i>[Quatʃka]</i>" 16429msgstr "Nai galiña (Kvachka) <i>[Quatʃka]</i>" 16430 16431#. type: Content of: <dl><dd> 16432#: ../../skycultures/macedonian/description.en.utf8:9 16433msgid "" 16434"is the best-known constellation, which is recognized by all elderly people " 16435"in Macedonian villages, without any exception. This name people use for the " 16436"star cluster Pleiades" 16437msgstr "" 16438"é a constelación máis coñecida, recoñecida por todas as persoas maiores de " 16439"aldeas macedonias sen ningunha excepción. Este nome úsano as persoas para o " 16440"cúmulo de estrelas de Pléiades" 16441 16442#. type: Content of: <dl><dt> 16443#: ../../skycultures/macedonian/description.en.utf8:11 16444msgid "Rooster (Petal) <i>[Petel]</i>" 16445msgstr "Galo (Petal) <i>[Petel]</i>" 16446 16447#. type: Content of: <dl><dd> 16448#: ../../skycultures/macedonian/description.en.utf8:12 16449msgid "" 16450"This is the name of the star Alnath (or Elnath) from the constellation " 16451"Taurus." 16452msgstr "Este é o nome da estrela Alnath (ou Elnath) da constelación de Tauro." 16453 16454#. type: Content of: <dl><dt> 16455#: ../../skycultures/macedonian/description.en.utf8:14 16456msgid "Hawk (Јastreb) <i>[Yastreb]</i>" 16457msgstr "Falcón (Јastreb) <i>[Yastreb]</i>" 16458 16459#. type: Content of: <dl><dd> 16460#: ../../skycultures/macedonian/description.en.utf8:14 16461msgid "" 16462"Hawk, as one of the most famous enemies of the Mother Hen and the Rooster, " 16463"is right above them in an attacking position. Bright star Capella (Kapela) " 16464"from the constellation Auriga is actually known among people as Hawk." 16465msgstr "" 16466"Falcón, como un dos máis famosos inimigos da Nai Galiña e do Galo, está " 16467"xusto enriba deles nunha posición de ataque. A estrela brillante Capella " 16468"(Kapela) da constelación de Auriga é coñecida entre a xente como Falcón." 16469 16470#. type: Content of: <dl><dt> 16471#: ../../skycultures/macedonian/description.en.utf8:16 16472msgid "Fox (Lisica) <i>[Lysitsa]</i>" 16473msgstr "Raposo (Lisica) <i>[Lysitsa]</i>" 16474 16475#. type: Content of: <dl><dd> 16476#: ../../skycultures/macedonian/description.en.utf8:17 16477msgid "" 16478"Fox is the second by importance natural enemy of the Mother Hen and the " 16479"Rooster so it is obvious why people also “see” it on the sky. The red color" 16480" of the bright star Aldebaran from the constellation of the Bull is the " 16481"reason why people perceive it as a Fox ready to attack the Mother Hen and " 16482"the Rooster." 16483msgstr "" 16484"O raposo é o segundo inimigo natural por importancia da nai galiña e do galo" 16485" polo que é obvio que a xente tamén o \"ve\" no ceo. A cor vermella da " 16486"brillante estrela Aldebarán da constelación do touro é a razón pola que a " 16487"xente o percibe como unha raposa disposta a atacar á nai galiña e ó galo." 16488 16489#. type: Content of: <dl><dt> 16490#: ../../skycultures/macedonian/description.en.utf8:19 16491msgid "Pigs (Svinji) <i>[Sviƞi]</i>" 16492msgstr "Porcos (Svinji) <i>[Sviƞi]</i>" 16493 16494#. type: Content of: <dl><dd> 16495#: ../../skycultures/macedonian/description.en.utf8:20 16496msgid "" 16497"Near to the Mother Hen, people on the sky noticed the star cluster Hyades. " 16498"Scattered appearance of the stars of this cluster associated people to the " 16499"image of pigs in a village yard, and so it’s called Pigs." 16500msgstr "" 16501"Preto da Nai Galiña, a xente do ceo notou o cúmulo estelar Hyades. A " 16502"aparición dispersa das estrelas deste grupo facçia que as persoas a " 16503"asociasen coa imaxe dos porcos nun xardín da aldea e así se chama Porcos." 16504 16505#. type: Content of: <dl><dt> 16506#: ../../skycultures/macedonian/description.en.utf8:22 16507msgid "Yoke (Jarem) <i>[Yarem]</i>" 16508msgstr "Xugo (Jarem) <i>[Yarem]</i>" 16509 16510#. type: Content of: <dl><dd> 16511#: ../../skycultures/macedonian/description.en.utf8:23 16512msgid "" 16513"People under this name recognize group of stars in the constellation " 16514"Perseus. Yokes for the oxen usually is found in village yards so that is " 16515"why, like the previous constellation, is evidence of the general image of " 16516"people and purpose given to this part of the sky." 16517msgstr "" 16518"A xente baixo este nome recoñece un grupo de estrelas na constelación " 16519"Perseo. Os xugos para os bois adoitan atoparse nos xardíns da aldea, polo " 16520"que, como a constelación anterior, é unha evidencia da imaxe xeral das " 16521"persoas e do propósito dado a esta parte do ceo." 16522 16523#. type: Content of: <dl><dt> 16524#: ../../skycultures/macedonian/description.en.utf8:25 16525msgid "Ploughman (Orach) <i>[Oratʃ]</i>" 16526msgstr "Arado (Orach) <i>[Oratʃ]</i>" 16527 16528#. type: Content of: <dl><dd> 16529#: ../../skycultures/macedonian/description.en.utf8:26 16530msgid "" 16531"The Ploughman is one of the three main characters in the sky. It is the name" 16532" people gave to the bright star Betelgeuse in the constellation of Orion. " 16533"Besides Betelgeuse, in building the image of this folk constellation, some " 16534"weaker and less bright stars from the surrounding are also taken into " 16535"account, because people say that the Ploughman is an image of a person with " 16536"a goad as he returns home." 16537msgstr "" 16538"O Arado é un dos tres personaxes principais do ceo. É o nome que a xente lle" 16539" deu á brillante estrela Betelgeuse na constelación de Orión. Ademais de " 16540"Betelgeuse, ó construír a imaxe desta constelación popular, tamén se teñen " 16541"en conta algunhas estrelas máis débiles e menos brillantes dos arredores, " 16542"porque a xente di que o Arado é unha imaxe dunha persoa cun aguillón cando " 16543"regresa á casa." 16544 16545#. type: Content of: <dl><dt> 16546#: ../../skycultures/macedonian/description.en.utf8:28 16547msgid "Plough with Oxen (Ralo so Volovi) <i>[Ralɔ sɔ Vɔlɔvi]</i>" 16548msgstr "Arado con bois (Ralo so Volovi) <i>[Ralɔ sɔ Vɔlɔvi]</i>" 16549 16550#. type: Content of: <dl><dd> 16551#: ../../skycultures/macedonian/description.en.utf8:29 16552msgid "" 16553"The constellation Orion with its numerous bright stars and distinctive " 16554"pattern dominates the winter sky and can be easily found. People from " 16555"Macedonian villages usually point at the region around Orion’s belt saying " 16556"that three bright stars and surrounding less bright stars create an image of" 16557" a wooden Plough with two yoked oxen." 16558msgstr "" 16559"A constelación de Orion coas súas numerosas estrelas brillantes e o seu " 16560"patrón distintivo domina o ceo invernal e pódese atopar doadamente. Os " 16561"habitantes das aldeas macedonias adoitan apuntar á rexión arredor do cinto " 16562"de Orion dicindo que tres estrelas brillantes e unhas estrelas menos " 16563"brillantes crean unha imaxe dun arado de madeira con dous bois xunguidos." 16564 16565#. type: Content of: <dl><dt> 16566#: ../../skycultures/macedonian/description.en.utf8:31 16567msgid "Wolves (Volci) <i>[Voltsi]</i>" 16568msgstr "Lobos (Volci) <i>[Voltsi]</i>" 16569 16570#. type: Content of: <dl><dd> 16571#: ../../skycultures/macedonian/description.en.utf8:32 16572msgid "" 16573"Near to the plough with oxen, which is left on a field, people see two " 16574"wolves as well. They are the bright stars Sirius in the constellation Canis " 16575"Major and Procyon in Canis Minor." 16576msgstr "" 16577"Preto do arado con bois, que se deixa nun campo, a xente tamén ve dous " 16578"lobos. Son as estrelas brillantes Sirius na constelación Canis Maior e " 16579"Procyon en Canis Mienor." 16580 16581#. type: Content of: <dl><dt> 16582#: ../../skycultures/macedonian/description.en.utf8:34 16583msgid "Priest’s Straw (Popova Slama) <i>[Popovᴧ Slᴧmᴧ]</i>" 16584msgstr "Palla do cura (Popova Slama) <i>[Popovᴧ Slᴧmᴧ]</i>" 16585 16586#. type: Content of: <dl><dd> 16587#: ../../skycultures/macedonian/description.en.utf8:35 16588msgid "Our galaxy (Milky Way) by its appearance is dominant on the summer sky" 16589msgstr "A nosa galaxia (Vía Láctea) pola súa aparencia domina o ceo de verán" 16590 16591#. type: Content of: <dl><dt> 16592#: ../../skycultures/macedonian/description.en.utf8:37 16593msgid "Threshing floor (Gumno) <i>[Goumno]</i>" 16594msgstr "Chan con palla (Gumno) <i>[Goumno]</i>" 16595 16596#. type: Content of: <dl><dd> 16597#: ../../skycultures/macedonian/description.en.utf8:38 16598msgid "" 16599"Circular and foggy appearance of the Andromeda galaxy (М31) evoked people to" 16600" see the threshing floor with straw from where the Priest was stealing from " 16601"his Godson." 16602msgstr "" 16603"A aparencia circular e neboenta da galaxia de Andrómeda (М31) levou á xente " 16604"a ver o chan con palla desde onde o sacerdote roubaba ó seu Godson." 16605 16606#. type: Content of: <dl><dt> 16607#: ../../skycultures/macedonian/description.en.utf8:40 16608msgid "Cross (Krst) <i>[Krst]</i>" 16609msgstr "Cruz (Krst) <i>[Krst]</i>" 16610 16611#. type: Content of: <dl><dd> 16612#: ../../skycultures/macedonian/description.en.utf8:41 16613msgid "" 16614"Complement with the people’s belief, when the Priest-thief saw God’s might " 16615"he started running in panic and lost his cross on the way. So next to the " 16616"Priest’s Straw there is the Cross." 16617msgstr "" 16618"Complementando a crenza do pobo, cando o ladrón sacerdote viu o poder de " 16619"Deus botou a correr en pánico e perdeu a cruz no camiño. Xunto á Palla do " 16620"Sacerdote, está a Cruz." 16621 16622#. type: Content of: <dl><dt> 16623#: ../../skycultures/macedonian/description.en.utf8:43 16624msgid "Ears (Ushi) <i>[Uʃi]</i>" 16625msgstr "Orellas (Ushi) <i>[Uʃi]</i>" 16626 16627#. type: Content of: <dl><dd> 16628#: ../../skycultures/macedonian/description.en.utf8:44 16629msgid "" 16630"By this common word used as a jargon, Macedonian villagers mark the part of " 16631"the wooden plough that goes into the soil, used for plowing." 16632msgstr "" 16633"Con esta palabra común empregada como xiria, os aldeáns macedonios indican a" 16634" parte do arado de madeira que entra no chan, usado para arar." 16635 16636#. type: Content of: <dl><dt> 16637#: ../../skycultures/macedonian/description.en.utf8:46 16638msgid "Trivet (Pirustija) <i>[Pirustiya]</i>" 16639msgstr "Trespés (Pirustija) <i>[Pirustiya]</i>" 16640 16641#. type: Content of: <dl><dd> 16642#: ../../skycultures/macedonian/description.en.utf8:47 16643msgid "" 16644"The trivet is a metal device with three legs (tripod) which fits over the " 16645"fireplace to support pans and kettles while preparing food." 16646msgstr "" 16647"O trespés é un dispositivo metálico de tres patas que se coloca sobre a " 16648"lareira para apoiar as tixolas e as calderas mentres se prepara a comida." 16649 16650#. type: Content of: <dl><dt> 16651#: ../../skycultures/macedonian/description.en.utf8:49 16652msgid "Tongs (Mashi) <i>[Maʃy]</i>" 16653msgstr "Pinzas (Mashi) <i>[Maʃy]</i>" 16654 16655#. type: Content of: <dl><dd> 16656#: ../../skycultures/macedonian/description.en.utf8:50 16657msgid "" 16658"The Tongs were used for the fire where the trivet is. Thus, the people’s " 16659"constellation Tongs is very close to the constellation Trivet." 16660msgstr "" 16661"As pinzas usábanse para o lume onde se atopa o trespés. Así, a constelación " 16662"de Pinzas da xente está moi preto da constelación Trespés." 16663 16664#. type: Content of: <dl><dt> 16665#: ../../skycultures/macedonian/description.en.utf8:52 16666msgid "Low round wooden dining table (Sofra) <i>[Sofra]</i>" 16667msgstr "Mesa baixa de madeira redonda (Sofra) <i>[Sofra]</i>" 16668 16669#. type: Content of: <dl><dd> 16670#: ../../skycultures/macedonian/description.en.utf8:53 16671msgid "" 16672"The typical semi-circular shape of the constellation Corona Borealis evoked " 16673"the image of a wooden round table called sofra." 16674msgstr "" 16675"A forma semicircular típica da constelación Corona Borealis evocaba a imaxe " 16676"dunha mesa redonda de madeira chamada sofra." 16677 16678#. type: Content of: <dl><dt> 16679#: ../../skycultures/macedonian/description.en.utf8:55 16680msgid "Auger (Svrdel) <i>[Svrdǝl]</i>" 16681msgstr "Trade (Svrdel) <i>[Svrdǝl]</i>" 16682 16683#. type: Content of: <dl><dd> 16684#: ../../skycultures/macedonian/description.en.utf8:56 16685msgid "" 16686"People say that this is a very big drill used for construction of houses and" 16687" is found inside the Priest’s Straw" 16688msgstr "" 16689"A xente di que se trata dunha trade moi grande usada na construción de casas" 16690" e que se atopa dentro da palla do sacerdote" 16691 16692#. type: Content of: <dl><dt> 16693#: ../../skycultures/macedonian/description.en.utf8:58 16694msgid "Thieves (Aramii) <i>[Arami:]</i>" 16695msgstr "Ladróns (Aramii) <i>[Arami:]</i>" 16696 16697#. type: Content of: <dl><dd> 16698#: ../../skycultures/macedonian/description.en.utf8:59 16699msgid "" 16700"The famous constellation Ursa Major among the people is described as a group" 16701" of thieves. The seven bright stars of Ursa Major are said to be thieves " 16702"„because during the entire night they circle on the sky same as thieves that" 16703" circle around houses“" 16704msgstr "" 16705"A famosa constelación Ursa Maior entre a xente é descrita como un grupo de " 16706"ladróns. As sete estrelas brillantes de Ursa Major dise que son ladróns " 16707"\"porque durante toda a noite merodean no ceo o mesmo cós ladróns que rodean" 16708" as casas\"" 16709 16710#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 16711#: ../../skycultures/macedonian/description.en.utf8:64 16712msgid "" 16713"<a href=\"http://mid.org.mk/ethnoastronomy/\">Macedonian Research " 16714"Society</a>" 16715msgstr "" 16716"<a href=\"http://mid.org.mk/ethnoastronomy/\">Macedonian Research " 16717"Society</a>" 16718 16719#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 16720#: ../../skycultures/macedonian/description.en.utf8:65 16721msgid "" 16722"<a href=\"http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1985PASRB...4..139C\">Cenev, Gjore " 16723"(1985). <em>The astronomical knowledge of the south-west Macedonia's " 16724"people.</em> \"Publications of the Astronomical Society of \"Rudjer " 16725"Bošković\", No. 4, p. 139 - 146\". Belgrade, Yugoslavia</a>" 16726msgstr "" 16727"<a href=\"http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1985PASRB...4..139C\">Cenev, Gjore " 16728"(1985). <em>The astronomical knowledge of the south-west Macedonia's " 16729"people.</em> \"Publications of the Astronomical Society of \"Rudjer " 16730"Bošković\", No. 4, p. 139 - 146\". Belgrade, Yugoslavia</a>" 16731 16732#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 16733#: ../../skycultures/macedonian/description.en.utf8:66 16734msgid "" 16735"Cenev, Gjore (2004). <em>Sky Map of Macedonian People.</em> Skopje, " 16736"Mladinski kulturen centar." 16737msgstr "" 16738"Cenev, Gjore (2004). <em>Sky Map of Macedonian People.</em> Skopje, " 16739"Mladinski kulturen centar." 16740 16741#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 16742#: ../../skycultures/macedonian/description.en.utf8:67 16743msgid "" 16744"Cenev, Gjore (2004). <em>Neboto nad Makedonija [Sky over Macedonia].</em> " 16745"Skopje, Mladinski kulturen centar." 16746msgstr "" 16747"Cenev, Gjore (2004). <em>Neboto nad Makedonija [Sky over Macedonia].</em> " 16748"Skopje, Mladinski kulturen centar." 16749 16750#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 16751#: ../../skycultures/macedonian/description.en.utf8:68 16752msgid "" 16753"<a href=\"http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008POBeo..85...97C\">Cenev, Gjore " 16754"(2008). <em>Macedonian Folk Constellations.</em> Publications of the " 16755"Astronomical Observatory of Belgrade, vol. 85, p. 97-109. Belgrade, " 16756"Serbia.</a>" 16757msgstr "" 16758"<a href=\"http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008POBeo..85...97C\">Cenev, Gjore " 16759"(2008). <em>Macedonian Folk Constellations.</em> Publications of the " 16760"Astronomical Observatory of Belgrade, vol. 85, p. 97-109. Belgrade, " 16761"Serbia.</a>" 16762 16763#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 16764#: ../../skycultures/macedonian/description.en.utf8:69 16765msgid "" 16766"<a " 16767"href=\"http://www.academia.edu/18707131/The_Ancient_Sky_Map_Of_The_Macedonian_People\">Cenev," 16768" Gjore (2014). <em>The Ancient Sky Map Of The Macedonian People.</em> Cosmos" 16769" – The Journal of the Traditional Cosmology Society, volume 30, Edinburgh, " 16770"Scotland, United Kingdom.</a>" 16771msgstr "" 16772"<a " 16773"href=\"http://www.academia.edu/18707131/The_Ancient_Sky_Map_Of_The_Macedonian_People\">Cenev," 16774" Gjore (2014). <em>The Ancient Sky Map Of The Macedonian People.</em> Cosmos" 16775" – The Journal of the Traditional Cosmology Society, volume 30, Edinburgh, " 16776"Scotland, United Kingdom.</a>" 16777 16778#. type: Content of: <p> 16779#: ../../skycultures/macedonian/description.en.utf8:74 16780msgid "" 16781"This sky culture was contributed by <i>Vancho Stojkoski</i> and <i>Gjore " 16782"Cenev</i> from Macedonian Research Society based primarily on the book " 16783"<b>Sky over Macedonia</b> by Cenev G, 2004." 16784msgstr "" 16785"A esta cultura do ceo contribuíron <i>Vancho Stojkoski</i> e <i>Gjore " 16786"Cenev</i> da Macedonian Research Society baseándose sobre todo no libro " 16787"<b>Sky over Macedonia</b> de Cenev G, 2004." 16788 16789#. type: Content of: <h2> 16790#: ../../skycultures/maori/description.en.utf8:1 16791msgid "Maori (New Zealand)" 16792msgstr "Maorí (Nova Zelanda)" 16793 16794#. type: Content of: <p> 16795#: ../../skycultures/maori/description.en.utf8:2 16796msgid "" 16797"The Maori (New Zealand) night sky is similar to the Polynesian night sky. " 16798"But it differs enough to warrant it's own sky culture. Maritime themes are " 16799"central to the Maori sky culture and were used extensively in nautical " 16800"navigation. Along with most other cultures, the rising and setting of " 16801"prominent stars were used to signal planting and harvesting seasons." 16802msgstr "" 16803"O ceo nocturno maorí (Nova Zelanda) é semellante ó ceo nocturno polinesio, " 16804"pero difire abondo para xustificar a súa propia cultura do ceo. Os temas " 16805"marítimos son centrais na cultura do ceo maorí e usáronse extensamente na " 16806"navegación náutica. Xunto coa maioría das outras culturas, o nacemento e " 16807"posta de estrelas destacadas usáronse para sinalizar as estacións de " 16808"plantación e colleita." 16809 16810#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 16811#: ../../skycultures/maori/description.en.utf8:6 16812msgid "" 16813"<a " 16814"href=\"http://www.stellarium.org/wiki/index.php/Sky_cultures#Maori_.28New_Zealand.29\">Maori" 16815" sky culture on Stellarium Wiki</a>: a more complete version of this text." 16816msgstr "" 16817"<a " 16818"href=\"http://www.stellarium.org/wiki/index.php/Sky_cultures#Maori_.28New_Zealand.29\">Cultura" 16819" do ceo maorí en Stellarium Wiki</a>: para unha versión máis completa deste " 16820"texto." 16821 16822#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 16823#: ../../skycultures/maori/description.en.utf8:7 16824msgid "" 16825"<a href=\"http://www.astronomynz.org/\">The Phoenix Astronomical " 16826"Society</a>: a very good website on Maori sky culture (Wairarapa, New " 16827"Zealand)." 16828msgstr "" 16829"<a href=\"http://www.astronomynz.org/\">The Phoenix Astronomical " 16830"Society</a>: un sitio web estupendo para a cultura maorí do ceo (Wairarapa, " 16831"New Zealand)." 16832 16833#. type: Content of: <p> 16834#: ../../skycultures/maori/description.en.utf8:11 16835#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:86 16836msgid "" 16837"This sky culture was contributed by Stellarium user <i>Dan Smale</i>, " 16838"d.smale(at)niwa.co.nz" 16839msgstr "" 16840"A esta cultura do ceo para Stellarium contribuíu <i>Dan Smale</i>, " 16841"d.smale(at)niwa.co.nz" 16842 16843#. type: Content of: <h2> 16844#: ../../skycultures/maya/description.en.utf8:1 16845msgid "Maya" 16846msgstr "Maia" 16847 16848#. type: Content of: <p> 16849#: ../../skycultures/maya/description.en.utf8:2 16850msgid "" 16851"Maya culture was one of the most sophisticated civilizations in the pre-" 16852"columbian american continent. They developed a writing system which let them" 16853" store and use their knowledge in a variety of forms: e.g. on how to perform" 16854" rituals or delivering particular messages to an audience (political and " 16855"sacred facts from rulers to the people, sculpted in monuments and stelae). " 16856"These records allow us explore, through the laborious work of many " 16857"researchers, their cosmovision and how they thought the cosmos came to be. " 16858"Their knowledge was recorded in books (academically known as “codex”), like " 16859"the Dresden codex (which describes the dates that Venus would pass through " 16860"each of its visibility phases and also a table of lunar and solar eclipses)," 16861" the Paris codex (which is believed to describe some of their " 16862"constellations), the Madrid codex (which relates astronomy and agriculture " 16863"data) and lately, the Grolier codex (it was thought that it was an " 16864"abbreviated version of the Dresden codex, but it is not accepted yet as " 16865"original by some scholars)." 16866msgstr "" 16867"A cultura maia foi unha das civilizacións máis sofisticadas do continente " 16868"americano precolombino. Desenvolveron un sistema de escritura que lles " 16869"permitía almacenar e usar os seus coñecementos nunha variedade de formas: " 16870"por exemplo, realizar rituais ou entregar mensaxes particulares a unha " 16871"audiencia (feitos políticos e sagrados de gobernantes ó pobo, esculpidos en " 16872"monumentos e estelas). Estes rexistros permítennos explorar, a través do " 16873"laborioso traballo de moitos investigadores, a súa cosmovisión e como " 16874"pensaron que era o cosmos. O seu coñecemento foi rexistrado en libros " 16875"(coñecidos academicamente como \"códices\"), como o códice de Dresde (que " 16876"describe as datas nas que Venus pasaría por cada unha das súas fases de " 16877"visibilidade e tamén unha táboa de eclipses lunares e solares), o códice de " 16878"París (que se cre que describe algunhas das súas constelacións), o códice de" 16879" Madrid (que relaciona datos de astronomía e agricultura) e ultimamente, o " 16880"códice de Grolier (pensábase que era unha versión abreviada do códice de " 16881"Dresde, pero aínda non está aceptada como orixinal por algúns estudosos)." 16882 16883#. type: Content of: <p><h5> 16884#: ../../skycultures/maya/description.en.utf8:3 16885msgid "" 16886"<em>Page 49 of the Dresden Codex showing a section of the Venus Table.</em>" 16887msgstr "" 16888"<em>Páxina 49 do códice de Dresden amosando unhasección da Táboa de " 16889"Venus.</em>" 16890 16891#. type: Content of: <p><p> 16892#: ../../skycultures/maya/description.en.utf8:5 16893msgid "" 16894"All mayan codices are thought to have been taken to Europe by the first " 16895"explorers of the New World, as evidence of their discoveries. The Paris " 16896"Codex in particular was then long forgotten, until priest Leon Rosny found " 16897"it in 1859 in a chimney corner of the National Library of Paris. It has " 16898"suffered substantial damage, as can be seen in page 23 shown below. In spite" 16899" of this, the Paris codex describes asterisms and constellations seen by the" 16900" mayas, some of them probably related to a group of zodiacal constellations " 16901"(Love, 1994)(Freidel et al., 1993)(Aveni, 2005), while others do not " 16902"(Špoták, 2015)." 16903msgstr "" 16904"Crese que todos os códices maias foron levados a Europa polos primeiros " 16905"exploradores do Novo Mundo como evidencia dos seus descubrimentos. O Códice " 16906"de París foi esquecido ata que o sacerdote Leon Rosny o atopou en 1859 nun " 16907"recuncho da cheminea da Biblioteca Nacional de París. Sufriu danos " 16908"substanciais, como se pode ver na páxina 23 que se mostra a continuación. A " 16909"pesar disto, o códice de París describe asterismos e constelacións vistos " 16910"polos maias, algúns deles probablemente relacionados cun grupo de " 16911"constelacións zodiacais (Love, 1994) (Freidel et al., 1993) (Aveni, 2005), " 16912"mentres que outras non (Špoták, 2015)." 16913 16914#. type: Content of: <p><p><h5> 16915#: ../../skycultures/maya/description.en.utf8:7 16916msgid "<em>Page 23 of the Paris Codex showing some Constellations.</em>" 16917msgstr "" 16918"<em>Páxina 23 do códice de Paris Codex amosando algunhas constelacións.</em>" 16919 16920#. type: Content of: <p><p> 16921#: ../../skycultures/maya/description.en.utf8:8 16922msgid "" 16923"In this approach to representing the constellations in Stellarium, we assume" 16924" that are related to the ecliptic, since in the Paris codex they seem to " 16925"\"swallow\" the Sun, so they are placed as close as possible to this line " 16926"while trying to adjust the star patterns to the images of the different " 16927"animals thought to represent zodiacal constellations. Other constellations " 16928"are placed according to what ethnographic sources state are their most " 16929"probable location. Constellation lines were drawn trying to adjust to the " 16930"images taken from the above mentioned sources and they appear according to " 16931"the interpretation of the contributors of this culture." 16932msgstr "" 16933"Neste enfoque para representar as constelacións en Stellarium, supoñemos que" 16934" están relacionadas coa eclíptica, xa que no códice de París parecen " 16935"\"tragar\" o Sol, xa que o sitúan o máis preto posible desta liña ó intentar" 16936" axustar a estrela a patróns das imaxes dos diferentes animais pensados para" 16937" representar as constelacións zodiacais. Outras constelacións sitúanse " 16938"segundo o que as fontes etnográficas declaran como a súa situación máis " 16939"probable. Debuxáronse liñas de constelación intentando axustarse ás imaxes " 16940"tomadas das fontes anteriormente mencionadas e aparecen segundo a " 16941"interpretación dos colaboradores desta cultura." 16942 16943#. type: Content of: <p><p><p> 16944#: ../../skycultures/maya/description.en.utf8:10 16945msgid "Some of the identified constellations from the Paris Codex are:" 16946msgstr "Algunhas das constelacións identificadas no códice de París son:" 16947 16948#. type: Content of: <p><p><h4> 16949#: ../../skycultures/maya/description.en.utf8:11 16950msgid "<em>Bird <i>[Ch’oom]</i></em>" 16951msgstr "<em>Paxaro <i>[Ch’oom]</i></em>" 16952 16953#. type: Content of: <p><p><p> 16954#: ../../skycultures/maya/description.en.utf8:12 16955msgid "" 16956"Not clearly identified, but some researchers describe it as a vulture, since" 16957" it is not decorated and relates better to some ethnographic descriptions " 16958"(Špoták, 2015)." 16959msgstr "" 16960"Non se identifica claramente, pero algúns investigadores descríbena coma un " 16961"voitre, xa que non está decorado e relaciónase mellor con algunhas " 16962"descricións etnográficas (Špoták, 2015)." 16963 16964#. type: Content of: <p><p><p><p><p><p><p><p><p> 16965#: ../../skycultures/maya/description.en.utf8:13 16966#: ../../skycultures/maya/description.en.utf8:16 16967#: ../../skycultures/maya/description.en.utf8:19 16968#: ../../skycultures/maya/description.en.utf8:20 16969#: ../../skycultures/maya/description.en.utf8:23 16970#: ../../skycultures/maya/description.en.utf8:24 16971#: ../../skycultures/maya/description.en.utf8:27 16972#: ../../skycultures/maya/description.en.utf8:28 16973#: ../../skycultures/maya/description.en.utf8:31 16974#: ../../skycultures/maya/description.en.utf8:34 16975#: ../../skycultures/maya/description.en.utf8:37 16976#: ../../skycultures/maya/description.en.utf8:40 16977#: ../../skycultures/maya/description.en.utf8:43 16978#: ../../skycultures/maya/description.en.utf8:56 16979#: ../../skycultures/maya/description.en.utf8:61 16980msgid " " 16981msgstr " " 16982 16983#. type: Content of: <p><p><h4> 16984#: ../../skycultures/maya/description.en.utf8:14 16985msgid "<em>Shark <i>[Xoc]</i></em>" 16986msgstr "<em>Quenlla <i>[Xoc]</i></em>" 16987 16988#. type: Content of: <p><p><p> 16989#: ../../skycultures/maya/description.en.utf8:15 16990msgid "" 16991"The picture used for this constellation is in fact a combination of the " 16992"elements of two animals: head of a snake and tail of a fish, so some " 16993"scholars conclude this is a representation of a shark." 16994msgstr "" 16995"A imaxe empregada para esta constelación é en realidade unha combinación dos" 16996" elementos de dous animais: cabeza dunha serpe e cola dun peixe, polo que " 16997"algúns estudosos conclúen que se trata dunha representación dunha quenlla." 16998 16999#. type: Content of: <p><p><h4> 17000#: ../../skycultures/maya/description.en.utf8:17 17001msgid "<em>Owl <i>[Kulte']</i></em>" 17002msgstr "<em>Bufo <i>[Kulte']</i></em>" 17003 17004#. type: Content of: <p><p><p> 17005#: ../../skycultures/maya/description.en.utf8:18 17006msgid "" 17007"Identified as such by some scholars, specially because of the small body and" 17008" feathers on the head that it exhibits." 17009msgstr "" 17010"Identificada como tal por algúns estudosos, especialmente por mor do pequeno" 17011" corpo e as plumas da cabeza que exhibe." 17012 17013#. type: Content of: <p><p><h4> 17014#: ../../skycultures/maya/description.en.utf8:21 17015msgid "<em>Jaguar <i>[Balaam]</i></em>" 17016msgstr "<em>JXaguar <i>[Balaam]</i></em>" 17017 17018#. type: Content of: <p><p><p> 17019#: ../../skycultures/maya/description.en.utf8:22 17020msgid "" 17021"Identified as such because of the typical marks exhibited which are related " 17022"to the skin of this animal." 17023msgstr "" 17024"Identificada como tal polas típicas marcas que están relacionadas coa pel " 17025"deste animal." 17026 17027#. type: Content of: <p><p><h4> 17028#: ../../skycultures/maya/description.en.utf8:25 17029msgid "<em>Death <i>[Kimi]</i></em>" 17030msgstr "<em>Morte <i>[Kimi]</i></em>" 17031 17032#. type: Content of: <p><p><p> 17033#: ../../skycultures/maya/description.en.utf8:26 17034msgid "" 17035"This constellation appears in the Paris Codex as a skeleton, not yet clear " 17036"whether it's an animal or not." 17037msgstr "" 17038"Esta constelación aparece no Códice de París como un esqueleto, aínda non " 17039"está claro se se trata dun animal ou non." 17040 17041#. type: Content of: <p><p><h4> 17042#: ../../skycultures/maya/description.en.utf8:29 17043msgid "<em>Scorpion <i>[Sina'an]</i></em>" 17044msgstr "<em>Escorpión <i>[Sina'an]</i></em>" 17045 17046#. type: Content of: <p><p><p> 17047#: ../../skycultures/maya/description.en.utf8:30 17048msgid "" 17049"Scholars agree that this maya constellation is in accordance to our Western " 17050"culture Scorpion constellation, because of the \"twisted\" body that is " 17051"suggested by this pattern of stars, however, for the mayas the sting is " 17052"closer to the star Antares, because it should be next to the path of the " 17053"Sun, as suggested by its position in the Paris Codex." 17054msgstr "" 17055"Os estudosos están de acordo en que esta constelación dos maias concorda coa" 17056" nosa constelación Escorpión da cultura occidental, por mor do corpo " 17057"\"retorto\" suxerido por este patrón de estrelas, sen embargo, para os maias" 17058" o aguillón está máis preto da estrela Antares, porque debería estar onda o " 17059"camiño do Sol, como suxire a súa posición no Códice de París." 17060 17061#. type: Content of: <p><p><h4> 17062#: ../../skycultures/maya/description.en.utf8:32 17063msgid "<em>Rattlesnake <i>[Chaan]</i></em>" 17064msgstr "<em>Serpe de cascabel<i>[Chaan]</i></em>" 17065 17066#. type: Content of: <p><p><p> 17067#: ../../skycultures/maya/description.en.utf8:33 17068msgid "" 17069"This animal is present through many species in the central america " 17070"environment, but the one represented in the Paris codex is thought to be the" 17071" Rattlesnake, because of the ending of the tail which shows the typical " 17072"rattling ending of this reptile." 17073msgstr "" 17074"Este animal está presente a través de moitas especies no ambiente de América" 17075" central, pero o representado no códice de París crese que é o Rattlesnake, " 17076"debido ao final da cola que mostra o final típico en axóuxere deste réptil." 17077 17078#. type: Content of: <p><p><h4> 17079#: ../../skycultures/maya/description.en.utf8:35 17080msgid "<em>Bat <i>[Zool]</i></em>" 17081msgstr "<em>Morcego <i>[Zool]</i></em>" 17082 17083#. type: Content of: <p><p><p> 17084#: ../../skycultures/maya/description.en.utf8:36 17085msgid "" 17086"Identified as such by its wings, as well as by the characteristic nose that " 17087"this animal displays in the upper lip, typical in maya iconography." 17088msgstr "" 17089"Identificado como tal polas súas ás, así como polo característico nariz que " 17090"este animal mostra no beizo superior, típico na iconografía maia." 17091 17092#. type: Content of: <p><p><h4> 17093#: ../../skycultures/maya/description.en.utf8:38 17094msgid "<em>Toad <i>[Uo]</i></em>" 17095msgstr "<em>Sapo <i>[Uo]</i></em>" 17096 17097#. type: Content of: <p><p><p> 17098#: ../../skycultures/maya/description.en.utf8:39 17099msgid "" 17100"This animal is identified as such because of its necklace and the lack of " 17101"teeth in its mouth (Špoták, 2015). Freidel et al. (1993) place this animal " 17102"in the Western culture constellation of Virgo." 17103msgstr "" 17104"Este animal identifícase como tal polo seu colar e pola falta de dentes na " 17105"boca (Špoták, 2015). Freidel et al. (1993) sitúa a este animal na " 17106"constelación da cultura occidental de Virgo." 17107 17108#. type: Content of: <p><p><h4> 17109#: ../../skycultures/maya/description.en.utf8:41 17110msgid "<em>Turtle <i>[Aak]</i></em>" 17111msgstr "<em>Tartaruga <i>[Aak]</i></em>" 17112 17113#. type: Content of: <p><p><p> 17114#: ../../skycultures/maya/description.en.utf8:42 17115msgid "" 17116"The turtle was present during the creation of the world, located on the " 17117"Western culture Orion's Belt asterism. This position in the sky is not " 17118"really deduced from the Paris codex, but from the analysis made on the " 17119"Bonampak murals, where the picture of the turtle is decorated with three " 17120"points, very similar in position and orientation to Orion’s Belt, so this " 17121"turtle representation has been used to place it in the Stellarium sky, " 17122"instead of the one depicted in the Paris Codex." 17123msgstr "" 17124"A tartaruga estivo presente durante a creación do mundo, situada no " 17125"asterismo do cinto de Orion na cultura occidental. Esta posición no ceo non " 17126"se deduce realmente do códice de París, senón da análise realizada nos " 17127"murais de Bonampak, onde a foto da tartaruga está decorada con tres puntos, " 17128"moi semellantes en posición e orientación ao cinto de Orion, polo que esta " 17129"representación da tartaruga se utilizou para situalo no ceo de Stellarium, " 17130"en lugar do representado no Códice de París." 17131 17132#. type: Content of: <p><p><p> 17133#: ../../skycultures/maya/description.en.utf8:45 17134msgid "" 17135"Asterisms and constellations obtained through other archaeological and " 17136"ethnographic sources (such as murals and manuscripts like the <i>Popol " 17137"Vuh</i>) are described below:" 17138msgstr "" 17139"Asterismos e constelacións obtidas a través doutras fontes arqueolóxicas e " 17140"etnográficas (como murais e manuscritos como o<i>Popol Vuh</i>) descríbense " 17141"a continuación:" 17142 17143#. type: Content of: <p><p><p><h4> 17144#: ../../skycultures/maya/description.en.utf8:46 17145msgid "<em>Hole-backed Caiman: <i>[Way Paat Ahiin] </i></em>" 17146msgstr "<em>Caimán esburacado: <i>[Way Paat Ahiin] </i></em>" 17147 17148#. type: Content of: <p><p><p><p> 17149#: ../../skycultures/maya/description.en.utf8:47 17150msgid "" 17151"The Milky Way in a vertical position relative to the horizon. This half-" 17152"crocodile half-deer creature was sacrificed in a mythical time before the " 17153"present one, an event which caused a storm of blood marking the end of the " 17154"primordial chaos. On its back, the four trees -that lifted and hold the sky " 17155"were placed- along with another supernatural being stepping on top of the " 17156"decapitated body, thus fertilizing, founding or establishing the current " 17157"order of things." 17158msgstr "" 17159"A Vía Láctea en posición vertical en relación co horizonte. Esta criatura " 17160"medio cervo e medio crocodilo foi sacrificada nun tempo mítico anterior ó " 17161"actual, un acontecemento que provocou unha tormenta de sangue que marcou o " 17162"final do caos primordial. Na súa parte traseira colocáronse as catro árbores" 17163" -que ergueron e sostiñan o ceo- xunto con outro sobrenatural pisando encima" 17164" do corpo decapitado, fertilizando, fundando ou establecendo a orde actual " 17165"das cousas." 17166 17167#. type: Content of: <p><p><p><p><p><h4> 17168#: ../../skycultures/maya/description.en.utf8:50 17169msgid "<em>Paddler Gods: </em>" 17170msgstr "<em>Deuses do remo: </em>" 17171 17172#. type: Content of: <p><p><p><p><p><p> 17173#: ../../skycultures/maya/description.en.utf8:51 17174msgid "" 17175"This picture shows the Maize God being carried by a couple of paddler gods " 17176"in a canoe to the place of creation: the Three Hearthstones (defined by the " 17177"stars Alnitak, Saiph and Rigel, in the Western culture constellation Orion, " 17178"and in Stellarium shown encircling the Oxib' Xk'ub', or Primordial Fire " 17179"asterism), where he would be self-sacrificed for the creation of the cosmos " 17180"to take place." 17181msgstr "" 17182"Este cadro mostra o Deus do millo levado por un par de deuses palistas nunha" 17183" canoa ata o lugar da creación: os Tres Corazóns (definidos polas estrelas " 17184"Alnitak, Saiph e Rigel, na constelación da cultura occidental de Orion, e no" 17185" Stellarium mostrado rodeando a Oxib 'Xk'ub', ou asterismo do lume " 17186"primordial), onde se sacrificaría para a creación do cosmos." 17187 17188#. type: Content of: <p><p><p><p><p><p><p><h4> 17189#: ../../skycultures/maya/description.en.utf8:54 17190msgid "<em>Primordial Fire: <i>[Oxib'Xk'ub] </i></em>" 17191msgstr "<em>Lume primordial: <i>[Oxib'Xk'ub] </i></em>" 17192 17193#. type: Content of: <p><p><p><p><p><p><p><p> 17194#: ../../skycultures/maya/description.en.utf8:55 17195msgid "" 17196"This fire was lighted at the moment of creation, and mayas saw its smoke " 17197"represented as the Orion's nebula (M42), between three bright stars " 17198"representing the three hearthstones." 17199msgstr "" 17200"Este lume acendeuse no momento da creación e os maias viron o seu fume " 17201"representado como a nebulosa de Orión (M42), entre tres estrelas brillantes " 17202"que representaban os tres tipos de corazón." 17203 17204#. type: Content of: <p><p><p><p><p><p><p><p><h4> 17205#: ../../skycultures/maya/description.en.utf8:58 17206msgid "<em>Pecaries: </em>" 17207msgstr "<em>Pecarís: </em>" 17208 17209#. type: Content of: <p><p><p><p><p><p><p><p><p> 17210#: ../../skycultures/maya/description.en.utf8:59 17211msgid "" 17212"These pig-like animals are represented together just like the stars Castor " 17213"and Pollux. The picture included in Stellarium was taken from the Bonampak " 17214"mural." 17215msgstr "" 17216"Estes animais como porcos están representados xuntos como as estrelas Castor" 17217" e Pollux. A foto incluída en Stellarium foi tomada do mural de Bonampak." 17218 17219#. type: Content of: <p><p><p><p><p><p><p><p><h3> 17220#: ../../skycultures/maya/description.en.utf8:62 17221msgid "Stars and Planets Names" 17222msgstr "Estrelas e nomes de planetas" 17223 17224#. type: Content of: <p><p><p><p><p><p><p><p><p> 17225#: ../../skycultures/maya/description.en.utf8:63 17226msgid "" 17227"Maya people, just as other ancient cultures, used stars to keep track of " 17228"time. The stars included in this version of Stellarium are:" 17229msgstr "" 17230"Os pobos maias, do mesmo xeito ca outras culturas antigas, usaban estrelas " 17231"para facer un seguimento do tempo. As estrelas incluídas nesta versión de " 17232"Stellarium son:" 17233 17234#. type: Content of: <p><p><p><p><p><p><p><p><ul><li> 17235#: ../../skycultures/maya/description.en.utf8:65 17236msgid "" 17237"<b>Two brilliant ones: </b><i>[kib' chuplinik]</i>, <b>Castor and " 17238"Pollux</b>, used at the beginning of the dry season to track the time at " 17239"night." 17240msgstr "" 17241"<b>As dúas brillantes: </b><i>[kib' chuplinik]</i>, <b>Cástor e Póllux</b>, " 17242"usado ao comezo da estación seca para seguir a hora da noite." 17243 17244#. type: Content of: <p><p><p><p><p><p><p><p><ul><li> 17245#: ../../skycultures/maya/description.en.utf8:66 17246msgid "" 17247"<b>Single Star: </b><i>[jun ch'umil]</i>, <b>Regulus</b>, used in February " 17248"to track the time at night." 17249msgstr "" 17250"<b>Estrela simple: </b><i>[jun ch'umil]</i>, <b>Regulus</b>, usada en " 17251"febreiro para seguir a hora de noite." 17252 17253#. type: Content of: <p><p><p><p><p><p><p><p><ul><li> 17254#: ../../skycultures/maya/description.en.utf8:67 17255msgid "" 17256"<b>Corner Star: </b><i>[xukut ch'umil]</i>, <b>Alpha Centauri</b>, called " 17257"like this because it marked the southern corner of the night sky at the end " 17258"of the dry season, in April." 17259msgstr "" 17260"<b>Estrela do recuncho: </b><i>[xukut ch'umil]</i>, <b>Alpha Centauri</b>, " 17261"chamads así porque está na esquina sur do ceo nocturno ao final da estación " 17262"seca, en abril." 17263 17264#. type: Content of: <p><p><p><p><p><p><p><p><ul><li> 17265#: ../../skycultures/maya/description.en.utf8:68 17266msgid "" 17267"<b>Bright Star: </b><i>[Chac 'Ek]</i>, <b>Venus</b>, this planet was the God" 17268" of War for the maya. In the Dresden Codex there is an almanac that was used" 17269" to predict this planet's appearances and disappearances during its synodic " 17270"period." 17271msgstr "" 17272"<b>Estrela brillante: </b><i>[Chac 'Ek]</i>, <b>Venus</b>,este planeta era o" 17273" deus da guerra para os maias. No Códice de Dresde hai un almanaque que se " 17274"empregou para predecir as aparicións e desaparicións deste planeta durante o" 17275" seu período sinódico." 17276 17277#. type: Content of: <p><p><p><p><p><p><p><p><h3> 17278#: ../../skycultures/maya/description.en.utf8:71 17279msgid "Authors and References" 17280msgstr "Autores e referencias" 17281 17282#. type: Content of: <p><p><p><p><p><p><p><p><p> 17283#: ../../skycultures/maya/description.en.utf8:72 17284msgid "" 17285"This sky culture was contributed by <i>Eduardo Rodas-Quito</i> and <i>Javier" 17286" Mejuto</i> of the Archaeoastronomy and Cultural Astronomy Department at " 17287"Space Sciences Faculty, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Honduras based " 17288"primarily on the work of the authors described as follows:" 17289msgstr "" 17290"A esta cultura do ceo contribuíron <i>Eduardo Rodas-Quito</i> e<i>Javier " 17291"Mejuto</i> do Archaeoastronomy and Cultural Astronomy Department at Space " 17292"Sciences Faculty, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Honduras basándose " 17293"primariamente no traballo dos autores que se citan a seguir:" 17294 17295#. type: Content of: <p><p><p><p><p><p><p><p><ul><li> 17296#: ../../skycultures/maya/description.en.utf8:74 17297msgid "" 17298"<a " 17299"href=\"https://www.academia.edu/25028815/The_Paris_Codex_Complex_Analysis_of_an_Ancient_Maya_Manuscript_Dissertation_?auto=download\">The" 17300" Paris Codex: Complex Analysis of an Ancient Maya Manuscript " 17301"(Dissertation)</a> by Jakub Špoták" 17302msgstr "" 17303"<a " 17304"href=\"https://www.academia.edu/25028815/The_Paris_Codex_Complex_Analysis_of_an_Ancient_Maya_Manuscript_Dissertation_?auto=download\">The" 17305" Paris Codex: Complex Analysis of an Ancient Maya Manuscript " 17306"(Dissertation)</a> by Jakub Špoták" 17307 17308#. type: Content of: <p><p><p><p><p><p><p><p><ul><li> 17309#: ../../skycultures/maya/description.en.utf8:75 17310msgid "" 17311"Freidel, D., Schele, L., Parker, J.(1993)<i> Maya Cosmos: Three Thousand " 17312"Years On The Shaman's Path, </i>New York: William Morrow and Company Inc." 17313msgstr "" 17314"Freidel, D., Schele, L., Parker, J.(1993)<i> Maya Cosmos: Three Thousand " 17315"Years On The Shaman's Path, </i>New York: William Morrow and Company Inc." 17316 17317#. type: Content of: <p><p><p><p><p><p><p><p><ul><li> 17318#: ../../skycultures/maya/description.en.utf8:76 17319msgid "" 17320"Aveni, A.(2005)<i> Observadores del Cielo en el Mexico Antiguo, </i>Mexico " 17321"D.F.: Fondo de Cultura Economica." 17322msgstr "" 17323"Aveni, A.(2005)<i> Observadores del Cielo en el Mexico Antiguo, </i>Mexico " 17324"D.F.: Fondo de Cultura Economica." 17325 17326#. type: Content of: <p><p><p><p><p><p><p><p><ul><li> 17327#: ../../skycultures/maya/description.en.utf8:77 17328msgid "" 17329"Tedlock, B.(1999) Maya Astronomy: What We Know and How We Know It,<i> " 17330"Archaeoastronomy, The Journal of Astronomy in Culture </i>, XIV(1), pp.: " 17331"39-58." 17332msgstr "" 17333"Tedlock, B.(1999) Maya Astronomy: What We Know and How We Know It,<i> " 17334"Archaeoastronomy, The Journal of Astronomy in Culture </i>, XIV(1), pp.: " 17335"39-58." 17336 17337#. type: Content of: <p><p><p><p><p><p><p><p><ul><li> 17338#: ../../skycultures/maya/description.en.utf8:78 17339msgid "" 17340"Garcia Barrios, A. (2015) <a " 17341"href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0185257415300010\">El" 17342" mito del diluvio en las ceremonias de entronización de los gobernantes " 17343"mayas. Agentes responsables de la decapitación del saurio y nuevas " 17344"fundaciones</a>, <i>Estudios de cultura maya</i>, 45(45), pp. 9-48." 17345msgstr "" 17346"Garcia Barrios, A. (2015) <a " 17347"href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0185257415300010\">El" 17348" mito del diluvio en las ceremonias de entronización de los gobernantes " 17349"mayas. Agentes responsables de la decapitación del saurio y nuevas " 17350"fundaciones</a>, <i>Estudios de cultura maya</i>, 45(45), pp. 9-48." 17351 17352#. type: Content of: <p><p><p><p><p><p><p><p><h3> 17353#: ../../skycultures/maya/description.en.utf8:82 17354msgid "Links of Interest" 17355msgstr "Links of Interest" 17356 17357#. type: Content of: <p><p><p><p><p><p><p><p><ul><li> 17358#: ../../skycultures/maya/description.en.utf8:84 17359msgid "" 17360"<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_Codex\">Wikipedia: The Paris " 17361"Codex</a>" 17362msgstr "" 17363"<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_Codex\">Wikipedia: The Paris " 17364"Codex</a>" 17365 17366#. type: Content of: <p><p><p><p><p><p><p><p><ul><li> 17367#: ../../skycultures/maya/description.en.utf8:85 17368msgid "" 17369"<a href=\"https://maya.nmai.si.edu/es/gallery/bonampak\">Bonampak, Viviendo " 17370"el tiempo maya</a>" 17371msgstr "" 17372"<a href=\"https://maya.nmai.si.edu/es/gallery/bonampak\">Bonampak, Viviendo " 17373"el tiempo maya</a>" 17374 17375#. type: Content of: <h2> 17376#: ../../skycultures/mongolian/description.en.utf8:1 17377msgid "Mongolian" 17378msgstr "Mongol" 17379 17380#. type: Content of: <p> 17381#: ../../skycultures/mongolian/description.en.utf8:3 17382msgid "" 17383"Mongolian constellations and cosmogony were inherited from the occidental " 17384"civilisation notably by the contact with Alexander the Great and was largely" 17385" influenced by Chinese civilisation and Buddhist religion, resulting in " 17386"numerous myths and beliefs linked with what surrounds them. The local wild " 17387"and fauna are the main themes of this skyculture. The wealth of their " 17388"cosmogony is probably to link with the observation conditions for whom they " 17389"benefit even now. In the past, the necessity for them to move and to get " 17390"one's bearing even during the night and at different seasons, by searching " 17391"the weather's mildness, is probably one of the element which developed their" 17392" imaginary facing the sky." 17393msgstr "" 17394"As constelacións mongolas e a cosmogonía foron herdadas da civilización " 17395"occidental, nomeadamente polo contacto con Alexandre Magno e foi en gran " 17396"parte influenciada pola civilización chinesa e a relixión budista, " 17397"resultando numerosos mitos e crenzas relacionadas co que os rodea. A vida " 17398"salvaxe e a fauna locais son os temas principais desta cultura do ceo. A " 17399"riqueza da súa cosmogonía está probablemente relacionada coas condicións de " 17400"observación da que se benefician aínda agora. No pasado, a necesidade de " 17401"movérense e pooder levar todo consigo incluso durante a noite e nas " 17402"distintas estacións, buscando a suave atmosfera, é probablemente un dos " 17403"elementos que desenvolveron o seu imaxinario de cara ó ceo." 17404 17405#. type: Content of: <p> 17406#: ../../skycultures/mongolian/description.en.utf8:17 17407msgid "" 17408"Generally, stars represent animals turning around the North Star which is " 17409"symbolized by the golden stick (<em>Altan Hadaas</em>). Almost all Mongolian" 17410" asterisms are similar to those that we know. However some have other names " 17411"like <em>Num Sum</em> (The Bow and the Arrow) for the constellation Swan, " 17412"or <em>Doloon Burkhan</em> for the seven stars of the Big Dipper. The summer" 17413" triangle made up of Vega, Deneb and Altair stars refers to three stags " 17414"(<em>Gurvan Maral Od</em> in Mongolian). And Cassiopeia represents, in the " 17415"Mongolian imagination, the Five Stars Woman (<em>Hun Tavan Od</em>)." 17416msgstr "" 17417"Xeralmente, as estrelas representan animais que xiran arredor da estrela " 17418"norte, que se simboliza como unha vara de ouro (<em>Altan Hadaas</em>). Case" 17419" todos os asterismos mongois son similares ós que coñecemos. Sen embargo, " 17420"algúns teñen outros nomes como <em>Num Sum</em> (O arco e as frechas) para " 17421"a constelación Cisne, ou <em>Doloon Burkhan</em> para as sete estrelas da " 17422"Osa Maior. O triángulo de verán composto polas estrelas Vega, Deneb e Altair" 17423" refírese a tres cervos (<em>Gurvan Maral Od</em> en mongol). E Casiopea " 17424"representa, na imaxinación mongol, a Muller das cinco estrelas (<em>Hun " 17425"Tavan Od</em>)." 17426 17427#. type: Content of: <h3> 17428#: ../../skycultures/mongolian/description.en.utf8:27 17429msgid "Planets and Stars" 17430msgstr "Planetas e estrelas" 17431 17432#. type: Content of: <p> 17433#: ../../skycultures/mongolian/description.en.utf8:29 17434msgid "" 17435"Originally, Tibeto-Mongolian astrology calculates the positions of each of " 17436"the planets visible with the naked eye. Because planets beyond Saturn are " 17437"not visible without telescope (the instrument which appeared long time after" 17438" the creation of their astrology), the Mongolians have attributed one of the" 17439" five planets for each day of the week, completing with the Sun " 17440"(<em>Nar</em>) for Sunday and the Moon (<em>Sar</em>) for Monday. The names " 17441"of the Solar System's planets and Pluto have some peculiarities in " 17442"Mongolian. Mercury is named <em>Bud</em> (associated with Wednesday), Venus," 17443" <em>Sugar</em> (associated with Friday), the Earth, <em>Delkhii</em>, Mars," 17444" <em>Angarag</em> (associated with Tuesday), Jupiter, <em>Barhasbadi</em> " 17445"(associated with Thursday), Saturn, <em>Sanchir</em> (associated with " 17446"Saturday), Uranus, <em>Tengeriin-van</em>, Neptune, <em>Dalai-van</em> and " 17447"at last Pluto, <em>Dalkhii-van</em>. We can see that the three last, " 17448"invisible to the naked eye and discovered long time after the others, have " 17449"the characteristic to have the particle <em>-van</em> at the end of the " 17450"name, indicating the princely status in Mongolian. Earth and Pluto are " 17451"named similarly, except that this last one has this particle. It is possible" 17452" to translate from Mongolian Pluto like \"The princely ground\" (ground and " 17453"not Earth because it means here the surface on which we walk, not the Earth." 17454" Uranus, <em>Tengeriin-van</em>, could be translated as \"princely sky\", " 17455"and Neptun, <em>Dalai-van</em>, as the \"princely ocean\". Nevertheless, " 17456"this particle has no real equivalent in English, and translations above are " 17457"presented to give an idea of the planets name's meaning. However, the names " 17458"of the celestial bodies specified here come from Sanskrit (language spoken " 17459"in India) and are largely used in the current language in Mongolia but in an" 17460" unofficial way." 17461msgstr "" 17462"Orixinariamente a astroloxía tibetano-mongola calcula as posicións de cada " 17463"un dos planetas visibles a simple vista. Debido a que os planetas máis alá " 17464"de Saturno non son visibles sen telescopio (instrumento que apareceu moito " 17465"tempo despois da creación da súa astroloxía), os mongois atribuíron cada un " 17466"dos cinco planetas a cadanseu día da semana, completándose co Sol. " 17467"(<em>Nar</em>) para Sábado e Domingo (<em>Sar</em>) para Luns. Os nomes dos " 17468"planetas do Sistema Solar e Plutón teñen algunhas peculiaridades en mongol. " 17469"Mercurio chámase <em>Bud</em> (asociado con Mércores), Venus, <em>Sugar</em>" 17470" (asociado con Venres), a Terra, <em>Delkhii</em>, Marte, <em>Angarag</em> " 17471"(asociado con Martes), Xúpiter, <em>Barhasbadi</em> (asociado con Xoves), " 17472"Saturno, <em>Sanchir</em> (asociado con Sábado), Urano, <em>Tengeriin-" 17473"van</em>, Neptuno, <em>Dalai-van</em> e por último Plutón, <em>Dalkhii-" 17474"van</em>. Podemos ver que os tres últimos, invisibles a simple vista e " 17475"descubertos moito tempo despois dos outros, teñen a característica de levar " 17476"a partícula <em>-van</em> ó final do nome, indicando o estado principesco en" 17477" mongol. A Terra e Plutón denomínanse de xeito similar, agás que este último" 17478" teña esta partícula. É posible traducir do mongol Plutón como \"O chan do " 17479"príncipe\" (chan e non Terra porque significa aquí a superficie pola que " 17480"camiñamos, non a Terra. Urano, <em>Tengeriin-van</em>, poderíase traducir " 17481"como \"ceo do príncipe\", e Neptuno, <em>Dalai-van</em>, como o \"océano do " 17482"príncipe\". Non obstante, esta partícula non ten equivalente real en inglés," 17483" e as traducións anteriores preséntanse para dar unha idea do significado do" 17484" nome dos planetas. Non obstante, os nomes dos corpos celestes aquí " 17485"especificados proceden do sánscrito (lingua falada na India) e úsanse " 17486"principalmente na lingua actual en Mongolia pero dun xeito non oficial." 17487 17488#. type: Content of: <p> 17489#: ../../skycultures/mongolian/description.en.utf8:59 17490msgid "" 17491"It is also very interesting to see the tight link between terms designating " 17492"other celestial bodies and their beliefs: indeed, <em>Tengeriin Zadas</em> " 17493"appoints the Milky Way. We could literally translate this as the \"Sky " 17494"Line\" (<em>Tengeriin</em> for the sky, which also means the god of the sky," 17495" and <em>Zadas</em> for the line). Well known in Mongolian star lore " 17496"concerns Alcor, the star located above Mizar in the Big Bear. It symbolises " 17497"the recover and protection star. It was placed here by <em>Tengeriin</em> " 17498"(god of heaven) to protect Mizar. To become an archer for Genghis Khan (13th" 17499" century), it seemed that one had to be able to discern these two stars with" 17500" the naked eye." 17501msgstr "" 17502"Tamén é moi interesante ver o estreito vínculo entre os termos que designan " 17503"outros corpos celestes e as súas crenzas: de feito, <em>Tengeriin Zadas</em>" 17504" apunta á Vía Láctea. Poderiamos traducir literalmente isto como \"Liña do " 17505"ceo\" (<em>Tengeriin</em> para o ceo, o que tamén significa o deus do ceo, e" 17506" <em>Zadas</em> para a liña). Ben coñecida na tradición de estrelas mongol, " 17507"a estrela situada enribade Mizar no Gran Oso refírese a Alcor. Simboliza a " 17508"estrela de recuperación e protección. Foi colocada aquí por " 17509"<em>Tengeriin</em> (deus do ceo) para protexer a Mizar. Para converterse en " 17510"arqueiro de Genghis Khan (século XIII) parecía que había que ser capaz de " 17511"discernir a simple vista estas dúas estrelas." 17512 17513#. type: Content of: <p> 17514#: ../../skycultures/mongolian/description.en.utf8:71 17515msgid "" 17516"From a historic point of view, this excellent knowledge of the sky goes back" 17517" to <em>Ulug Beg</em> (AD1394-1449; <em>Taraghay</em> by his real name), " 17518"astronomer, mathematician and viceroy in Samarkand whose empire spread as " 17519"far as Central Asia. Turning away from his royal obligations, he examined " 17520"celestial bodies and astronomical questions of his time. He is the first to " 17521"extremely precisely measure Saturn's revolution period (<em>Sanchir</em>) " 17522"with a sextant of 40 meters radius." 17523msgstr "" 17524"Desde un punto de vista histórico, este excelente coñecemento do ceo " 17525"remóntase a <em>Ulug Beg</em> (AD1394-1449; <em>Taraghay</em> polo seu nome " 17526"real), astrónomo, matemático e vicerrei en Samarcanda, cuxo imperio se " 17527"estendeu ata Asia Central. Afastándose das súas obrigas reais, examinou os " 17528"corpos celestes e cuestións astronómicas da súa época. É o primeiro que mide" 17529" con precisión o período de revolución de Saturno (<em>Sanchir</em>) cun " 17530"sextante de 40 metros de radio." 17531 17532#. type: Content of: <h3> 17533#: ../../skycultures/mongolian/description.en.utf8:80 17534msgid "Myths and Legends" 17535msgstr "Mitos e lendas" 17536 17537#. type: Content of: <h4> 17538#: ../../skycultures/mongolian/description.en.utf8:82 17539msgid "The Great Bear" 17540msgstr "O Gran Oso" 17541 17542#. type: Content of: <p> 17543#: ../../skycultures/mongolian/description.en.utf8:83 17544msgid "" 17545"Mongolians are particularly attached to the Great Bear. This constellation " 17546"is limited for them to the seven Dipper stars making the bear's tail and " 17547"body, but the legend concerning it is probably the most famous in Mongolia." 17548msgstr "" 17549"Os mongois están particularmente apegados ó Gran Oso. Esta constelación " 17550"limítase para eles ás sete estrelas do cullerón que fan a cola e o corpo do " 17551"oso, pero a lenda sobre ela é probablemente a máis famosa de Mongolia." 17552 17553#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p> 17554#: ../../skycultures/mongolian/description.en.utf8:88 17555msgid "" 17556"Once upon a time, there were eight orphan brothers gifted with outstanding " 17557"capabilities living within a kingdom. The king and the queen lived within it" 17558" peacefully. One day, a monster came and kidnapped the queen. The king asked" 17559" the eight brothers to bring her back and said: \"If one of you succeeds to " 17560"rescue my beloved, I will give to him a golden arrow\". The orphans went " 17561"together to assist their queen. They searched the monster during two days " 17562"and three nights, when in the middle of the third night, they found and " 17563"killed the monster. They brought back the queen in the castle." 17564msgstr "" 17565"Había unha vez oito irmáns orfos dotados de excelentes capacidades que " 17566"vivían nun reino. O rei e a raíña vivían nel tranquilamente. Un día, un " 17567"monstro chegou e secuestrou a raíña. O rei pediulle ós oito irmáns que a " 17568"trouxesen de volta e díxolles: \"Se algún de vós logra rescatar á miña " 17569"amada, dareille unha frecha de ouro\". Os orfos foron xuntos axudar á súa " 17570"raíña. Buscaron o monstro durante dous días e tres noites, cando no medio da" 17571" terceira noite atoparon e mataron o monstro. Trouxeron á raíña para o " 17572"castelo." 17573 17574#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p> 17575#: ../../skycultures/mongolian/description.en.utf8:96 17576msgid "" 17577"The king did not cut out the arrow in eight parts, he decided to threw it in" 17578" the sky. The first to catch it could keep it. The younger brother succeeded" 17579" the test and changed immediately into the North Star (Polar Star). The " 17580"seven others changed into the seven gods, the seven Buddhas visiting their " 17581"younger brother every night. The name <em>Doloon burkhan</em> (the Seven " 17582"Buddhas) come from this legend to appoint the Great Bear and the Golden " 17583"Stick, <em>Altan Hadaas</em>, the Polar Star." 17584msgstr "" 17585"O rei non cortou a frecha en oito partes, decidiu lanzala ó ceo. O primeiro " 17586"en atrapala podería quedar con ela. O irmán menor superou a proba e cambiou " 17587"inmediatamente á Estrela Norte (Estrela Polar). Os outros sete convertéronse" 17588" nos sete deuses, os sete Budas visitando o seu irmán menor cada noite. O " 17589"nome <em>Doloon burkhan</em> (os Sete Budas) proceden desta lenda para " 17590"nomear o Gran Oso e a Vara de Ouro, <em>Altan Hadaas</em>, A Estrela Polar." 17591 17592#. type: Content of: <p> 17593#: ../../skycultures/mongolian/description.en.utf8:106 17594msgid "" 17595"A tradition, particularly delightful, concerns the link between Mongolian " 17596"people and the Great Bear as one star of this constellation is attributed to" 17597" each of them. It depends on their birth year in the Chinese calendar. " 17598"Chinese and Mongolian calendars have some similarities (the Mongolian " 17599"calendar is a lunar calendar). Each year is symbolized by an animal, itself " 17600"associated to a star of the constellation Great Bear. The first, Dubhe, " 17601"corresponds to the rat's year, the second, Merak, corresponds to the ox and " 17602"so on until the end of the Great Bear's tail where Alkaid symbolizes the " 17603"year of the horse. Then we come back to the first, the sheep year and we " 17604"repeat the same way until the twelfth and latest year of the Chinese " 17605"calendar, the one of the pig. Therefore, the two stars at the end of the " 17606"tail are assigned one time only." 17607msgstr "" 17608"Unha tradición especialmente deliciosa refírese ó vencello entre os mongois " 17609"e o Gran Oso, xa que se atribúe a cada un deles unha estrela desta " 17610"constelación. Depende do seu ano de nacemento no calendario chinés. Os " 17611"calendarios chinés e mongol teñen algunhas semellanzas (o calendario mongol " 17612"é un calendario lunar). Cada ano está simbolizado por un animal, asociado a " 17613"unha estrela da constelación do Gran Oso. A primeira, Dubhe, correspóndese " 17614"co ano da rata, a segunda, Merak, correspóndese co boi e así sucesivamente " 17615"ata o final da cola do Gran Oso onde Alkaid simboliza o ano do cabalo. " 17616"Despois volvemos ó primeiro, o ano das ovellas e repetimos do mesmo xeito " 17617"ata o duodécimo e último ano do calendario chinés, o do porco. Polo tanto, " 17618"as dúas estrelas ó final da cola atribúense só unha vez." 17619 17620#. type: Content of: <p> 17621#: ../../skycultures/mongolian/description.en.utf8:120 17622msgid "" 17623"[Note by G. Zotti: This is a variant of the old Seven Buddha Sutra described" 17624" by <em>Elverskog</em>. There however, the association of the stars goes in " 17625"an up-and-down movement, i.e., Dubhe/Rat, Merak/Ox, ... Mizar/Snake, " 17626"Alkaid/Horse, Mizar/Goat, ... Merak/Pig.]" 17627msgstr "" 17628"[Nota de G. Zotti: Esta é unha variante do antigo Sutra dos Sete Budas " 17629"descrita por <em>Elverskog</em>. Non obstante, a asociación das estrelas vai" 17630" cara arriba e cara abaixo, i.e., Dubhe/Rat, Merak/Ox, ... Mizar/Snake, " 17631"Alkaid/Horse, Mizar/Goat, ... Merak/Pig.]" 17632 17633#. type: Content of: <img><h4> 17634#: ../../skycultures/mongolian/description.en.utf8:127 17635msgid "Shooting stars" 17636msgstr "Estrelas fugaces" 17637 17638#. type: Content of: <img><p> 17639#: ../../skycultures/mongolian/description.en.utf8:129 17640msgid "" 17641"Shooting stars have also a specific meaning: they are personified through " 17642"their beliefs. When they see these shooting stars they imagine that it is a " 17643"star which falls from the sky and which symbolizes somebody who just died. " 17644"Whereas occidental people make a wish, Mongolians say: \"Phew, it is not " 17645"me!\"" 17646msgstr "" 17647"As estrelas fugaces tamén teñen un significado específico: personifícanse " 17648"mediante as súas crenzas. Cando ven estas estrelas fugaces imaxinan que son " 17649"estrelas que caen do ceo e que simbolizan a alguén que acaba de morrer. " 17650"Mentres que os occidentais formulan un desexo, os mongois din: \"¡Uff, desta" 17651" zafei!\"" 17652 17653#. type: Content of: <img><h4> 17654#: ../../skycultures/mongolian/description.en.utf8:135 17655msgid "Neglected Legends" 17656msgstr "Lendas abandonadas" 17657 17658#. type: Content of: <img><p> 17659#: ../../skycultures/mongolian/description.en.utf8:137 17660msgid "" 17661"Three legends just as rich in meaning concern the Sun, eclipses and <em>Hun " 17662"Tavan Od</em> (Cassiopeia). However, they are nowadays neglected and almost " 17663"forgotten by most Mongolians:" 17664msgstr "" 17665"Tres lendas igual de ricas en significado refírense ao Sol, eclipses " 17666"e<em>Hun Tavan Od</em> (Casiopea). Non obstante, hoxe en día están case " 17667"esquecidas para a maioría dos mongois:" 17668 17669#. type: Content of: <img><blockquote><p> 17670#: ../../skycultures/mongolian/description.en.utf8:143 17671msgid "" 17672"At the origin of the world, there was only one man and vast particularly dry" 17673" meadows, burned by the seven suns which lit the world. This man, a very " 17674"good archer, made the promise to the gods that he pierced all these suns " 17675"without missing a target even once. If he should fail, he would cut himself " 17676"all the fingers one by one and leave to live in a hole like a marmot " 17677"(groundhog) to ward off the curse that would weigh on him. He took his bow, " 17678"pulled a first arrow and hit his target. A second, a third until the sixth " 17679"which destroyed the suns. He finished by pulling his seventh arrow towards " 17680"the last sun, when a swallow flew off and passed through its direction. The " 17681"bird was hit. The man had not reach his goal, so he left towards exile in a " 17682"hole, cut his fingers and turned into a marmot. The swallow had just saved " 17683"our Sun, otherwise all life would have disappeared from the world's surface." 17684msgstr "" 17685"Na orixe do mundo, había só un home e amplos prados particularmente secos, " 17686"queimados polos sete soles que iluminaron o mundo. Este home, moi bo " 17687"arqueiro, fíxolle a promesa ós deuses de perforar todos estes soles sen " 17688"perder nin un obxectivo. Se fallase, cortaría todos os dedos un por un e " 17689"pasaría a vivir nun burato coma unha marmota (tomate de terra) para afastar " 17690"a maldición que pesaría sobre el. Colleu o arco, tirou unha primeira frecha " 17691"e bateu no seu obxectivo. No segundo, no terceiro ata o sexto, que destruíu " 17692"os soles. Rematou tirando a súa sétima frecha cara ó último sol, cando unha " 17693"andoriña pasou voando na súa dirección. O paxaro foi golpeado. O home non " 17694"conseguira o seu obxectivo, polo que marchou cara o exilio a un burato, " 17695"cortou os dedos e converteuse nunha marmota. A andoriña acababa de salvar o " 17696"noso Sol, se non toda a vida tería desaparecido da superficie do mundo." 17697 17698#. type: Content of: <img><p> 17699#: ../../skycultures/mongolian/description.en.utf8:158 17700msgid "" 17701"We have to see here a parallel with the number seven, important in the " 17702"Mongolian culture like all odd numbers. They bring luck in the buddhist " 17703"religion." 17704msgstr "" 17705"Temos que ver aquí un paralelo co número sete, importante na cultura mongola" 17706" como todos os números impares. Traen sorte na relixión budista." 17707 17708#. type: Content of: <img><h5> 17709#: ../../skycultures/mongolian/description.en.utf8:162 17710msgid "Eclipses" 17711msgstr "Eclipses" 17712 17713#. type: Content of: <img><blockquote><p> 17714#: ../../skycultures/mongolian/description.en.utf8:165 17715msgid "" 17716"At that time lived a scary monster named <em>Raah</em> which frightened the " 17717"entire world. He devoured all who were in its way. The god " 17718"<em>Orchiwaani</em> owned a magic spring: whoever drank from it became " 17719"immortal. One day, <em>Raah</em> stole the spring and drunk. The Moon and " 17720"the Sun caught the monster in the act and reported to <em>Orchiwaani</em>. " 17721"Seething with rage to hear about this piece of news he went to fight the " 17722"monster. He cut its head many times but it grew again immediately because " 17723"<em>Raah</em> had become immortal. He thought then to cut its tail in order " 17724"to allow all that it ate to leave again directly. Just as " 17725"<em>Orchiwaani</em> would seize the monster to finish it off, it escaped and" 17726" disappeared between the Moon and the Sun. Then <em>Orchiwaani</em> asked " 17727"the Moon, who recaptured <em>Raah</em> and cut its rump and its tail. In " 17728"revenge, the monster comes back sometimes to eat the Moon or the Sun which " 17729"exit immediately, giving rise to moon and solar eclipses." 17730msgstr "" 17731"Naquel momento vivía un monstro aterrador chamado <em>Raah</em> que asustou " 17732"todo o mundo. Devorou a todos os que estaban no seu camiño. O deus " 17733"<em>Orchiwaani</em> posuía un manancial máxico: quen bebía del volvíase " 17734"inmortal. Un día, <em>Raah</em> roubou o manancial e bebeu. A Lúa e o Sol " 17735"atraparon o monstro no acto e informáron a <em>Orchiwaani</em>. Con moita " 17736"rabia ó oír esta noticia, foi loitar contra o monstro. Cortoulle a cabeza " 17737"moitas veces pero volvía medrar inmediatamente porque <em>Raah</em> " 17738"converteuse en inmortal. Pensou entón cortar a cola para permitir que todo o" 17739" que comese saíse de novo directamente. Ata que <em>Orchiwaani</em> se " 17740"apoderou do monstro para rematalo, escapou e desapareceu entre a Lúa e o " 17741"Sol. Entón <em>Orchiwaani</em> preguntou á Lúa, que recapturara a " 17742"<em>Raah</em> e cortoulle o lombo e a cola. En vinganza, o monstro regresa " 17743"ás veces para comer a Lúa ou o Sol, que foxen de súpeto, dando lugar a " 17744"eclipses de lúa e sol." 17745 17746#. type: Content of: <img><p> 17747#: ../../skycultures/mongolian/description.en.utf8:182 17748msgid "" 17749"When there is an eclipse, Mongolians know that it means that <em>Raah</em> " 17750"devours the Moon or the Sun and they make a lot of noise so that the monster" 17751" liberates the eclipsed star. In the 13th century, Guillaume de Rubruck " 17752"wrote:" 17753msgstr "" 17754"Cando hai unha eclipse, os mongoles saben que significa que <em>Raah</em> " 17755"devorou a Lúa ou o Sol e fan moito ruído para que o monstro libere a estrela" 17756" eclipsada. No século XIII, Guillaume de Rubruck escribiu:" 17757 17758#. type: Content of: <img><blockquote><p> 17759#: ../../skycultures/mongolian/description.en.utf8:187 17760msgid "" 17761"\"Some [Mongolian people] have knowledge in astronomy and predict them [to " 17762"other Mongolian people] the Lunar and Solar eclipses and, when it is about " 17763"to produce one, everybody stocks up on food because they do not pass the " 17764"door of their habitation. And while the eclipse happened, they play the drum" 17765" and instruments and do big noise and clamors. When the eclipse is finished," 17766" they devote themselves to beverage and festivity and do big party.\"" 17767msgstr "" 17768"\"Algúns [mongois] teñen coñecemento en astronomía e e predinlles [a outros " 17769"mongoiss] as eclipses lunares e solares e, cando está a piques de se " 17770"producir un, todo o mundo se abastece de alimento para que non pasen da " 17771"porta do seu cuarto. E mentres sucede a eclipse, tocan o tambor e os " 17772"instrumentos e fan gran ruído e clamore Cando remata o eclipse, dedícanse " 17773"beber e celebrar e fan festa grande \"." 17774 17775#. type: Content of: <img><p> 17776#: ../../skycultures/mongolian/description.en.utf8:196 17777msgid "" 17778"(Source: <em>Les astres chez les Turcs et les Mongols</em> by Jean-Paul Roux" 17779" (French). <em>Revue de l'histoire des religions</em>, tome 195 n°2, 1979. " 17780"pp; 153-192.)" 17781msgstr "" 17782"(Fonte: <em>Les astres chez les Turcs et les Mongols</em> de Jean-Paul Roux " 17783"(French). <em>Revue de l'histoire des religions</em>, tome 195 n°2, 1979. " 17784"pp; 153-192.)" 17785 17786#. type: Content of: <img><p> 17787#: ../../skycultures/mongolian/description.en.utf8:200 17788msgid "" 17789"Eclipse travelers in 2008 still witnessed drivers and cooks hiding in their " 17790"tents and making noise with the pots. It seemed authentic, not a show for " 17791"the tourists. Also note the similarity of <em>Raah</em> with Indian " 17792"<em>Rahu</em>." 17793msgstr "" 17794"Os viaxeiros á Eclipse en 2008 eran testemuñas de condutores e cociñeiros agochados nas súas tendas de campaña e facendo ruído coas potas. Parecía auténtico, non un espectáculo para turistas. Téñase en conta a semellanza de <em>Raah</em> co indú\n" 17795" <em>Rahu</em>." 17796 17797#. type: Content of: <img><h5> 17798#: ../../skycultures/mongolian/description.en.utf8:205 17799msgid "Cassiopeia (<em>Hun Tavan Od</em>)" 17800msgstr "Casiopea (<em>Hun Tavan Od</em>)" 17801 17802#. type: Content of: <img><p> 17803#: ../../skycultures/mongolian/description.en.utf8:207 17804msgid "" 17805"Cassiopeia (<em>Hun Tavan Od</em>) symbolises unity, brotherhood, solidarity" 17806" for the Mongolians. The constellation's five stars represent unity of the " 17807"five children of Genghis Khan's wife, Oulin." 17808msgstr "" 17809"Casiopea (<em>Hun Tavan Od</em>) simboliza a unidade, a irmandade, a " 17810"solidariedade para os mongois. As cinco estrelas da constelación representan" 17811" a unidade dos cinco fillos da muller de Gengis Khan, Oulin." 17812 17813#. type: Content of: <img><p><p><blockquote><p> 17814#: ../../skycultures/mongolian/description.en.utf8:212 17815msgid "" 17816"Them did not get well along with each other and squabbled all the time. " 17817"Their mother decided to strongly tie five ropes, and each one should try to " 17818"untie a knot. If they succeeded, it meant that they didn't remain united " 17819"with other, and that the brotherhood didn't gather in hard times. " 17820"Conversely, if the knots withstood the test, the five brothers would remain " 17821"united and close for the rest of their lives and would be victorious at the " 17822"time of wars." 17823msgstr "" 17824"Non se levaban ben uns cos outros e pelexaban todo o tempo. A súa nai " 17825"decidiu atalos fortemente con cinco cordas e cada un debería intentar " 17826"desatar un nó. Se acertasen xa non tiñan que estar unidos ós outros e a " 17827"irmandade non se había en momentos difíciles. Pola contra, se non puidesen " 17828"desatar os nós os cinco irmáns seguirían unidos e próximos durante o resto " 17829"da súa vida e terían a vitoria no momento das guerras." 17830 17831#. type: Content of: <img><p><p><h4> 17832#: ../../skycultures/mongolian/description.en.utf8:222 17833msgid "Other Beliefs Linked to the Sky" 17834msgstr "Outras crenzas ligadas ó ceo" 17835 17836#. type: Content of: <img><p><p><p> 17837#: ../../skycultures/mongolian/description.en.utf8:224 17838msgid "" 17839"According to a Mongolian legend, a woman devoting herself to count one " 17840"hundred stars in the sky will dream about her future husband." 17841msgstr "" 17842"Segundo unha lenda mongol, unha muller que se dedique a contar cen estrelas " 17843"no ceo soñará co seu futuro marido." 17844 17845#. type: Content of: <img><p><p><p><p><p> 17846#: ../../skycultures/mongolian/description.en.utf8:227 17847msgid "" 17848"Sometimes, Mongolians honor the Great Bear (<em>Doloon Burkhan</em>) by " 17849"throwing milk in its direction. Milk, of white color, symbolizes purity in " 17850"Mongolia. They pray so that something may be fulfilled, but for several " 17851"persons, not for just one person, because this would bring bad luck. Milk " 17852"can be replaced by vodka which, even if it is colorless, symbolizes the dark" 17853" color and the strength for Mongolians. By doing this, it avoids bad luck, " 17854"quarrels, fear and fends off evil spirits." 17855msgstr "" 17856"Ás veces, os mongois honran o Gran Oso (<em>Doloon Burkhan</em>) botando " 17857"leite na súa dirección. O leite, de cor branca, simboliza a pureza en " 17858"Mongolia. Oran para que se cumpra algo, pero para varias persoas, non só " 17859"para unha persoa, porque isto traería mala sorte. O leite pode substituírse " 17860"por vodka que, aínda que sexa incoloro, simboliza a cor escura e a forza dos" 17861" mongoises. Ó facelo evitan a mala sorte, as disputas, o medo e protéxense " 17862"dos espíritos malignos." 17863 17864#. type: Content of: <img><p><p><p><p><p> 17865#: ../../skycultures/mongolian/description.en.utf8:239 17866msgid "" 17867"The constellations are inspired by occidental ones, but the Mongolian " 17868"cosmogony, briefly exposed here, highlights a notable identity of beliefs " 17869"which are associated with it. Mongolian culture and knowledge transmission " 17870"is essentially verbal, and so few written traces exist about these subjects." 17871" It is therefore particularly hard to relate their cosmogony with high " 17872"fidelity and precision. In order to preserve knowledge about this cosmogony," 17873" every observation, suggestions or collaboration are welcome!" 17874msgstr "" 17875"As constelacións están inspiradas nas occidentais, pero a cosmogonía " 17876"mongola, brevemente exposta aquí, resalta unha notable identidade de crenzas" 17877" asociadas a ela. A transmisión da cultura e o coñecemento mongois é " 17878"esencialmente verbal, polo que existen poucos vestixios escritos sobre estes" 17879" temas. Por iso resulta particularmente difícil relacionar a súa cosmogonía " 17880"con alta fidelidade e precisión. Para preservar o coñecemento sobre esta " 17881"cosmogonía, todas as observacións, suxestións ou colaboración son benvidas." 17882 17883#. type: Content of: <img><p><p><p><p><h3> 17884#: ../../skycultures/mongolian/description.en.utf8:248 17885msgid "Acknowledgements and Further Reading" 17886msgstr "Agradecementos e máis lecturas" 17887 17888#. type: Content of: <img><p><p><p><p><ul><li> 17889#: ../../skycultures/mongolian/description.en.utf8:251 17890msgid "" 17891"Bayrlalaa (thank you) to Mongolians, for their kindness and their help in " 17892"the gathering of these informations about their culture and their cosmogony" 17893msgstr "" 17894"Bayrlalaa (grazas) ós mongoiss, pola súa amabilidade e a súa axuda na " 17895"recollida destas informacións sobre a súa cultura e a súa cosmogonía" 17896 17897#. type: Content of: <img><p><p><p><p><ul><li> 17898#: ../../skycultures/mongolian/description.en.utf8:252 17899msgid "" 17900"<a href=\"http://uranoscope.free.fr\" class='external text' " 17901"title=\"http://uranoscope.free.fr\" rel=\"nofollow\">L'Uranoscope de " 17902"France</a>" 17903msgstr "" 17904"<a href=\"http://uranoscope.free.fr\" class='external text' " 17905"title=\"http://uranoscope.free.fr\" rel=\"nofollow\">L'Uranoscope de " 17906"France</a>" 17907 17908#. type: Content of: <img><p><p><p><p><ul><li> 17909#: ../../skycultures/mongolian/description.en.utf8:253 17910msgid "" 17911"<a href=\"http://www.afanet.fr\" class='external text' " 17912"title=\"http://www.afanet.fr\" rel=\"nofollow\"> L'Association Française " 17913"d'Astronomie / The French Astronomy Association</a>" 17914msgstr "" 17915"<a href=\"http://www.afanet.fr\" class='external text' " 17916"title=\"http://www.afanet.fr\" rel=\"nofollow\"> L'Association Française " 17917"d'Astronomie / The French Astronomy Association</a>" 17918 17919#. type: Content of: <img><p><p><p><p><ul><li> 17920#: ../../skycultures/mongolian/description.en.utf8:255 17921msgid "" 17922"<a href=\"http://www.outofnowhere.asia\" class='external text' " 17923"title=\"http://www.outofnowhere.asia\" rel=\"nofollow\">OutOfNowhere</a>" 17924msgstr "" 17925"<a href=\"http://www.outofnowhere.asia\" class='external text' " 17926"title=\"http://www.outofnowhere.asia\" rel=\"nofollow\">OutOfNowhere</a>" 17927 17928#. type: Content of: <img><p><p><p><p><ul><li> 17929#: ../../skycultures/mongolian/description.en.utf8:256 17930msgid "" 17931"<a href=\"https://journals.ub.uni-" 17932"heidelberg.de/index.php/jiabs/article/download/8974/2867\">Johan Elverskog: " 17933"The Mongolian Big Dipper Sutra. </a> Journal of the International " 17934"Association of Buddhist Studies 29 Nr1 2006(2008), pp87-123." 17935msgstr "" 17936"<a href=\"https://journals.ub.uni-" 17937"heidelberg.de/index.php/jiabs/article/download/8974/2867\">Johan Elverskog: " 17938"The Mongolian Big Dipper Sutra. </a> Journal of the International " 17939"Association of Buddhist Studies 29 Nr1 2006(2008), pp87-123." 17940 17941#. type: Content of: <img><p><p><p><p><p> 17942#: ../../skycultures/mongolian/description.en.utf8:261 17943msgid "" 17944"This skyculture is a contribution from two users of Stellarium, " 17945"<strong>Anthony Lagain</strong> (anthony.lagain(at)gmail.com) and " 17946"<strong>Batiste Rousseau</strong> (batiste.rousseau(at)gmail.com) mainly " 17947"based on oral tales of numerous Mongolians met during a two months stay in " 17948"Mongolia. To learn more about them: <a " 17949"href=\"http://souslecieldemongolie.wordpress.com/\" class='external text' " 17950"title=\"http://souslecieldemongolie.wordpress.com/\" " 17951"rel=\"nofollow\">www.souslecieldemongolie.wordpress.com</a> (in French)." 17952msgstr "" 17953"A esta cultura do ceo contribuíron dous usuarios de Stellarium, " 17954"<strong>Anthony Lagain</strong> (anthony.lagain(at)gmail.com) e " 17955"<strong>Batiste Rousseau</strong> (batiste.rousseau(at)gmail.com) " 17956"baseándose principalmente en contos orais de numerosos mongois coñecidos " 17957"durante unha estadía de dous meses en Mongolia. Para saber máis sobre eles: " 17958"<a href=\"http://souslecieldemongolie.wordpress.com/\" class='external text'" 17959" title=\"http://souslecieldemongolie.wordpress.com/\" " 17960"rel=\"nofollow\">www.souslecieldemongolie.wordpress.com</a> (en Francés)." 17961 17962#. type: Content of: <h2> 17963#: ../../skycultures/navajo/description.en.utf8:1 17964msgid "Navajo" 17965msgstr "Navajo" 17966 17967#. type: Content of: <p> 17968#: ../../skycultures/navajo/description.en.utf8:3 17969msgid "" 17970"The Navajo are the largest Native American tribe in the United States; the " 17971"Navajo Nation extends across northeastern Arizona, southeastern Utah, and " 17972"northwestern New Mexico." 17973msgstr "" 17974"Os Navajo son a maior tribo nativo americana dos Estados Unidos; a nación " 17975"navajo esténdese polo nordés de Arizona, o sueste de Utah e o noroeste de " 17976"Novo México." 17977 17978#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 17979#: ../../skycultures/navajo/description.en.utf8:9 17980msgid "<a href=\"http://www.navajo.org\">The Navajo Nation</a> official website" 17981msgstr "<a href=\"http://www.navajo.org\">The Navajo Nation</a> official website" 17982 17983#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 17984#: ../../skycultures/navajo/description.en.utf8:10 17985msgid "" 17986"<a href=\"http://www.clarkfoundation.org/astro-" 17987"utah/vondel/dilyehe.html\">http://www.clarkfoundation.org/astro-" 17988"utah/vondel/dilyehe.html</a>" 17989msgstr "" 17990"<a href=\"http://www.clarkfoundation.org/astro-" 17991"utah/vondel/dilyehe.html\">http://www.clarkfoundation.org/astro-" 17992"utah/vondel/dilyehe.html</a>" 17993 17994#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 17995#: ../../skycultures/navajo/description.en.utf8:11 17996msgid "" 17997"<a href=\"http://www.clarkfoundation.org/astro-" 17998"utah/vondel/rabbit.html\">http://www.clarkfoundation.org/astro-" 17999"utah/vondel/rabbit.html</a>" 18000msgstr "" 18001"<a href=\"http://www.clarkfoundation.org/astro-" 18002"utah/vondel/rabbit.html\">http://www.clarkfoundation.org/astro-" 18003"utah/vondel/rabbit.html</a>" 18004 18005#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 18006#: ../../skycultures/navajo/description.en.utf8:12 18007msgid "" 18008"<a href=\"http://www.clarkfoundation.org/astro-" 18009"utah/vondel/laws.html\">http://www.clarkfoundation.org/astro-" 18010"utah/vondel/laws.html</a>" 18011msgstr "" 18012"<a href=\"http://www.clarkfoundation.org/astro-" 18013"utah/vondel/laws.html\">http://www.clarkfoundation.org/astro-" 18014"utah/vondel/laws.html</a>" 18015 18016#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 18017#: ../../skycultures/navajo/description.en.utf8:13 18018msgid "" 18019"<a " 18020"href=\"http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/mythology/northamerican_culture.html\">http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/mythology/northamerican_culture.html</a>" 18021msgstr "" 18022"<a " 18023"href=\"http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/mythology/northamerican_culture.html\">http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/mythology/northamerican_culture.html</a>" 18024 18025#. type: Content of: <p> 18026#: ../../skycultures/navajo/description.en.utf8:18 18027msgid "" 18028"This sky culture was contributed by <i>Karrie Berglund</i> of Digitalis " 18029"Education Solutions, Inc. based primarily on the book <b>Star Trails-" 18030"Navajo</b> by Don Childrey." 18031msgstr "" 18032"A esta cultura do ceo contribuíu <i>Karrie Berglund</i> de Digitalis " 18033"Education Solutions, Inc.baseándose primariamente no libro <b>Star Trails-" 18034"Navajo</b> de Don Childrey." 18035 18036#. type: Content of: <h2> 18037#: ../../skycultures/norse/description.en.utf8:1 18038msgid "Norse" 18039msgstr "Nórdica" 18040 18041#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 18042#: ../../skycultures/norse/description.en.utf8:5 18043msgid "" 18044"<a href=\"http://digitaliseducation.com/resources-norse.html\">Norse " 18045"Constellations</a>" 18046msgstr "" 18047"<a href=\"http://digitaliseducation.com/resources-norse.html\">Constelacións" 18048" nórdicas</a>" 18049 18050#. type: Content of: <p> 18051#: ../../skycultures/norse/description.en.utf8:10 18052msgid "" 18053"This sky culture was contributed by Stellarium user <i>Jonas Persson</i>, " 18054"jonas.persson(at)mna.hkr.se" 18055msgstr "" 18056"A esta cultura do ceo para Stellarium contribuíu <i>Jonas Persson</i>, " 18057"jonas.persson(at)mna.hkr.se" 18058 18059#. type: Content of: <h2> 18060#: ../../skycultures/northern_andes/description.en.utf8:1 18061msgid "Northern Andes" 18062msgstr "Andes do norte" 18063 18064#. type: Content of: <p> 18065#: ../../skycultures/northern_andes/description.en.utf8:2 18066msgid "" 18067"The Northern Andes have a complex laboratory that teaches us about the " 18068"different sciences that humanity has contemplated in its history; starting " 18069"from observation to the various elements that surround us, with the need to " 18070"ensure our survival as a species and lineage, the human being learned to " 18071"understand the signals that the cosmos, plants, animals, the climate and " 18072"other elements emit constantly. Then the wise learned to warn about the " 18073"changes that affect living beings." 18074msgstr "" 18075"Os Andes do Norte teñen un complexo laboratorio que nos ensina sobre as " 18076"distintas ciencias que a humanidade contemplou na súa historia; partindo da " 18077"observación dos diversos elementos que nos rodean, coa necesidade de " 18078"asegurar a nosa supervivencia como especie e liñaxe, o ser humano aprendeu a" 18079" comprender os sinais que o cosmos, plantas, animais, clima e outros " 18080"elementos emiten constantemente. Entón o sabio aprendeu a decatarse dos " 18081"cambios que afectan os seres vivos." 18082 18083#. type: Content of: <p> 18084#: ../../skycultures/northern_andes/description.en.utf8:4 18085msgid "" 18086"In order to replicate the ancestral measurements in the Andean " 18087"observatories, we propose the use of a wide-mouth container; in the open we " 18088"will place it and level properly. In order to create a star mirror we will " 18089"fill it with water, in this reflection of the sky, the Andean sage can " 18090"admire and record the movements of the sun, the moon, planets or the stars." 18091msgstr "" 18092"Para replicar as medidas ancestrais nos observatorios andinos propoñemos o " 18093"uso dun recipiente de boca ancha, ó aire libre, colocámolo e nivelámolo " 18094"correctamente. Para crear un espello de estrelas enchémolo de auga, neste " 18095"reflexo do ceo, o sabio andino pode admirar e rexistrar os movementos do " 18096"sol, a lúa, os planetas ou as estrelas." 18097 18098#. type: Content of: <p> 18099#: ../../skycultures/northern_andes/description.en.utf8:6 18100msgid "" 18101"The Stellarium simulator allows us to recreate these \"cosmic mirrors\" and " 18102"analyze the specific stellar dynamics that are seen in the Northern Andes as" 18103" well as the millenarian wise men in their patient observation through the " 18104"ages. These beings have registered the cosmic movements in the current " 18105"prehispanic heritage of the Andean peoples and produced graphic " 18106"configurations, which after much joint work by several researchers in " 18107"several generations at the beginning of the 21st century have been partially" 18108" decoded." 18109msgstr "" 18110"O simulador Stellarium permítenos recrear estes \"espellos cósmicos\" e " 18111"analizar a dinámica estelar específica que se pode ver nos Andes do Norte, " 18112"tal e como fixeron os milenarios sabios na súa observación paciente a través" 18113" dos tempos. Estas persoas rexistraron os movementos cósmicos do patrimonio " 18114"prehispánico actual dos pobos andinos e produciron configuracións gráficas, " 18115"que, despois de moito traballo conxunto de investigadores en varias " 18116"xeracións, a principios do século XXI foron parcialmente descodificadas." 18117 18118#. type: Content of: <p> 18119#: ../../skycultures/northern_andes/description.en.utf8:8 18120msgid "Here we tell what we found in the equatorial skies:" 18121msgstr "Aquí contamos o que atopamos nos ceos ecuatoriais:" 18122 18123#. type: Content of: <h3> 18124#: ../../skycultures/northern_andes/description.en.utf8:11 18125msgid "The Sun (Punchao o Wilca)" 18126msgstr "O Sol (Punchao o Wilca)" 18127 18128#. type: Content of: <p> 18129#: ../../skycultures/northern_andes/description.en.utf8:12 18130msgid "" 18131"When we find ourselves in the center of the planet, the apparent movement " 18132"that the sun makes through our annual journey around it is equidistant and " 18133"proportional. At the equinoxes the sun will cross the center of the sky, on " 18134"the solstice of June it will travel its southernmost road (it will go north)" 18135" and on the solstice of December the northernmost path will be traveled " 18136"(more to the south). These natural phenomena are the marks of the four main " 18137"festivals that celebrate a specific part of the agricultural calendar " 18138"because they are the points of inflection between the climatic seasons." 18139msgstr "" 18140"Se nos atopamos no centro do planeta, o aparente movemento que fai o sol na " 18141"nosa viaxe anual arredor del é equidistante e proporcional. Nos equinoccios " 18142"o sol atravesará o centro do ceo, no solsticio de xuño percorrerá os eu " 18143"camiño máis meridional (irá cara o norte) e no solsticio de decembro " 18144"percorrerá o camiño máis setentrional (máis ó sur). Estes fenómenos naturais" 18145" son as marcas das catro principais festas que celebran unha parte " 18146"específica do calendario agrícola porque son os puntos de inflexión coas " 18147"estacións climáticas." 18148 18149#. type: Content of: <p> 18150#: ../../skycultures/northern_andes/description.en.utf8:14 18151msgid "" 18152"According to the colonial chronicler Juan de Betanzos \"the Indians knew the" 18153" leap years\"; thanks to the research of Gustavo Guayasamín, a cyclic " 18154"movement is identified in a four-year interval in the sun; to observe it, we" 18155" suggest placing ourselves at the March equinox (approximately the March " 18156"equinoxes are the 21st day in the Gregorian calendar), at the solar daytime " 18157"(12:20 in the civil time for the year 2018). We can then move forward in " 18158"time thanks to the \"Date / Time Window\" from year to year and we will " 18159"notice that the sun moves, returning to the point where the observation " 18160"begins in periods of four years, for example: It starts in 2016, moves to " 18161"the left of the spectator in 2017, continues moving to the left in 2018, " 18162"also moves in 2019 and in 2020 returns to its initial position; then start " 18163"the cycle again." 18164msgstr "" 18165"Segundo o cronista colonial Juan de Betanzos \"os indios coñecían os anos " 18166"bisestos\"; grazas á investigación de Gustavo Guayasamín, identifícase un " 18167"movemento cíclico nun intervalo de catro anos no sol; para observalo, " 18168"suxerimos situarnos no equinoccio de marzo (aproximadamente os equinoccios " 18169"de marzo son o día 21 no calendario gregoriano), no día solar (12:20 na hora" 18170" civil do ano 2018). Podemos avanzar no tempo grazas á \"Ventá de " 18171"Data/Tempo\" de ano en ano e notaremos que o sol se move, volvendo ó punto " 18172"en que a observación comeza en períodos de catro anos, por exemplo: Comeza " 18173"en 2016 , móvese á esquerda do espectador en 2017, continúa avanzando cara á" 18174" esquerda en 2018, tamén se move en 2019 e en 2020 volve á súa posición " 18175"inicial; logo inicia o ciclo de novo." 18176 18177#. type: Content of: <h2> 18178#: ../../skycultures/northern_andes/description.en.utf8:19 18179msgid "Clear Constellations, Asterisms and Guidelines in the Andes." 18180msgstr "Limpar constelacións, asterismos e liñas guía nos Andes." 18181 18182#. type: Content of: <p> 18183#: ../../skycultures/northern_andes/description.en.utf8:21 18184msgid "" 18185"We consider that by means of \"stellar mirrors\" the sages could register " 18186"the stellar traffic. Through this observation they noticed that during the " 18187"nightfalls of each equinox and solstice, specific stars appear in the sky, " 18188"as if they were marking the climatic changes to which we are exposed, so " 18189"these cosmic signals were recorded in the Andean prehispanic patrimony " 18190"giving rise to the Andean geometrical forms." 18191msgstr "" 18192"Consideramos que mediante os \"espellos estelares\" os sabios poderían " 18193"rexistrar o tráfico estelar. A través desta observación notaron que durante " 18194"as noites de cada equinoccio e solsticio aparecen estrelas específicas no " 18195"ceo, como se estivesen marcando os cambios climáticos ós que estamos " 18196"expostos, polo que estes sinais cósmicos rexistráronse no patrimonio " 18197"prehispánico andino dando lugar a as formas xeométricas andinas." 18198 18199#. type: Content of: <p> 18200#: ../../skycultures/northern_andes/description.en.utf8:23 18201msgid "<b>March Equinox</b>" 18202msgstr "<b>Equinoccio de marzo</b>" 18203 18204#. type: Content of: <li> 18205#: ../../skycultures/northern_andes/description.en.utf8:24 18206msgid "" 18207"<b>\"Antonio Quinatoa\" Cross:</b> At dusk the first stars to appear are: " 18208"Sirius - Proción - Rigel - Betelgeuse, who form the cross named \"Antonio " 18209"Quinatoa\". It is the constellation that governs the masculine cycle." 18210msgstr "" 18211"<b>Cruz \"Antonio Quinatoa\":</b> Á noitiña as primeiras estrelas en " 18212"aparecer son: Sirius - Proción - Rigel - Betelgeuse, que forman a cruz " 18213"chamada \"Antonio Quinatoa\". É a constelación que rexe o ciclo masculino." 18214 18215#. type: Content of: <p> 18216#: ../../skycultures/northern_andes/description.en.utf8:26 18217msgid "<b>September Equinox</b>" 18218msgstr "<b>Equinoccio de setembro</b>" 18219 18220#. type: Content of: <li> 18221#: ../../skycultures/northern_andes/description.en.utf8:27 18222msgid "" 18223"<b>Molestina Triangle:</b> The first stars to appear are: Altair - Vega - " 18224"Antares who make up the triangle named \"Molestina\"" 18225msgstr "" 18226"<b>Triángulo Molestina:</b> As primeiras estrelas en aparecer son: Altair - " 18227"Vega - Antares que forman o triángulo chamado \"Molestina\"" 18228 18229#. type: Content of: <p> 18230#: ../../skycultures/northern_andes/description.en.utf8:29 18231msgid "" 18232"<b>Constellation Daniela Alejandra Ayala:</b> Thanks to the hard work in the" 18233" registration of the designs, we have identified the clear constellation " 18234"named \"Daniela Alejandra Ayala\", cosmic set that accompanies the image of " 18235"the \"Mono Andino\", will appear in the center of the sky at nightfall of " 18236"the female equinox." 18237msgstr "" 18238"<b>Constelación Daniela Alejandra Ayala:</b> Grazas a un duro traballo no " 18239"rexistro dos debuxos identificamos a constelación chamada \"Daniela " 18240"Alejandra Ayala\", conxunto cósmico que acompaña a imaxe do \"Mono Andino\"," 18241" e aparece no centro do ceo a noite do equinoccio feminino." 18242 18243#. type: Content of: <p> 18244#: ../../skycultures/northern_andes/description.en.utf8:31 18245msgid "<b>June Solstice</b>" 18246msgstr "<b>Solsticio de xuño</b>" 18247 18248#. type: Content of: <p> 18249#: ../../skycultures/northern_andes/description.en.utf8:32 18250msgid "" 18251"<b>South Cross:</b> The most outstanding stars in the evening of the Summer " 18252"Solstice for the Northern Hemisphere are: Acrux, Mimosa, δ Crucis, ζ Crucis," 18253" λ Crucis and μ Crucis who form the \"Southern Cross\"." 18254msgstr "" 18255"<b>Cruz do sur:</b> As estrelas máis destacadas da noite do solsticio de " 18256"verán para o hemisferio norte son: Acrux, Mimosa, δ Crucis, ζ Crucis, λ " 18257"Crucis e μ Crucis que forman a \"Cruz do Sur\"." 18258 18259#. type: Content of: <p> 18260#: ../../skycultures/northern_andes/description.en.utf8:34 18261msgid "<b>December Solstice</b>" 18262msgstr "<b>Solsticio de decembro</b>" 18263 18264#. type: Content of: <p> 18265#: ../../skycultures/northern_andes/description.en.utf8:35 18266msgid "" 18267"<b>The “Jorge Trujillo” Arrow:</b> The most outstanding stars in the evening" 18268" of the winter solstice for the southern hemisphere are Caph - Shedar - Navi" 18269" - K Cas, they are part of the western constellation of Cassiopeia, the " 18270"resulting form evokes the shape of an arrow that at the end of the December " 18271"solstice It is in an East - West direction." 18272msgstr "" 18273"<b>A frecha “Jorge Trujillo”:</b> As estrelas máis destacadas da tarde do " 18274"solsticio de inverno para o hemisferio sur son Caph - Shedar - Navi - K Cas," 18275" que forman parte da constelación occidental de Casiopea; a forma resultante" 18276" evoca unha frecha que ó final do Solsticio de decembro apunta en dirección " 18277"Leste-Oeste." 18278 18279#. type: Content of: <p> 18280#: ../../skycultures/northern_andes/description.en.utf8:37 18281msgid "" 18282"The asterisms that we include are the first stars to appear at the end of " 18283"each equinox or solstice. Like the constellations, these basic forms " 18284"(diamond, square, triangle and arrow), mark the beginning or end of a cycle," 18285" apparently human beings discovered and recorded them before the forms in " 18286"the dark constellations." 18287msgstr "" 18288"Os asterismos que incluímos son as primeiras estrelas que aparecen ó final " 18289"de cada equinoccio ou solsticio. Do mesmo xeito que as constelacións, estas " 18290"formas básicas (diamante, cadrado, triángulo e frecha) marcan o comezo ou o " 18291"final dun ciclo, ó parecer os seres humanos descubríronas e graváronas antes" 18292" cás formas das constelacións escuras." 18293 18294#. type: Content of: <h2> 18295#: ../../skycultures/northern_andes/description.en.utf8:41 18296msgid "The Sacred Beings in the Cosmos. The Dark Constellations." 18297msgstr "Os Seres Sagrados no Cosmos. As constelacións escuras." 18298 18299#. type: Content of: <h3> 18300#: ../../skycultures/northern_andes/description.en.utf8:42 18301msgid "The Milky Way" 18302msgstr "A Vía Láctea" 18303 18304#. type: Content of: <li> 18305#: ../../skycultures/northern_andes/description.en.utf8:43 18306msgid "" 18307"Our planet belongs to the galaxy of the Milky Way, whose shape is that of a " 18308"large disk with two bulging arms; this form and the rotation of the earth " 18309"means that at the evenings of the equinoxes and solstices we can appreciate " 18310"a specific part of it, thus becoming a signal that the ancestors appreciated" 18311" to measure the times. Called in the Andes as the \"Muyun\" for many " 18312"peoples, it represents a gigantic life-giving serpent." 18313msgstr "" 18314"O noso planeta pertence á galaxia da Vía Láctea, cuxa forma é a dun disco " 18315"grande con dous brazos voluminosos; esta forma e a rotación da terra " 18316"significa que polas noites dos equinoccios e dos solsticios podemos apreciar" 18317" unha parte específica dela, converténdose así nun sinal que os antepasados " 18318"apreciaron para medir o tempo. Chamada nos Andes o \"Muyun\", para moitos " 18319"pobos representa unha xigantesca serpe que dá vida." 18320 18321#. type: Content of: <p> 18322#: ../../skycultures/northern_andes/description.en.utf8:45 18323msgid "" 18324"Contrary to the West, the constellations are not made up of bright points or" 18325" stars; the astral beings are housed in the \"dark spots\" existing in the " 18326"brilliance of the Milky Way, so at each of the turning points in our annual " 18327"path around the sun (Solstices and Equinoxes), we will find a guiding " 18328"constellation in each \"visible end\" of the galaxy. As with lunar or solar " 18329"movements, the movements of the constellations in the Northern Andes marked " 18330"the beginning or end of specific eras, agricultural, civil, reproductive or " 18331"festive. They determined the fate of beings, receiving respect and " 18332"veneration for those who came for their wisdom; thus developing a religious " 18333"thought similar to that of the sun or the moon throughout the continent." 18334msgstr "" 18335"En contraste con Occidente, as constelacións non están formadas por puntos " 18336"brillantes ou estrelas; os seres astrais están aloxados nos \"puntos " 18337"escuros\" existentes no brillo da Vía Láctea, polo que en cada un dos " 18338"momentos de inflexión do noso camiño anual arredor do sol (Solsticios e " 18339"equinoccios), atoparemos unha constelación guía en cada \"final visible\" da" 18340" galaxia. Do mesmo xeito que cos movementos lunares ou solares os movementos" 18341" das constelacións nos Andes do Norte marcaron o comezo ou o final de épocas" 18342" específicas, agrícolas, civís, reprodutivas ou festivas. Determinaron o " 18343"destino dos seres, recibindo respecto e veneración polos que acudiron á súa " 18344"sabedoría, desenvolvendo así un pensamento relixioso similar ó do sol ou a " 18345"lúa en todo o continente." 18346 18347#. type: Content of: <p> 18348#: ../../skycultures/northern_andes/description.en.utf8:47 18349msgid "Here we describe the constellations decoded to date:" 18350msgstr "Aquí describimos as constelacións decodificadas ata a data:" 18351 18352#. type: Content of: <h3> 18353#: ../../skycultures/northern_andes/description.en.utf8:49 18354msgid "Dark Constellations" 18355msgstr "Constelacións escuras" 18356 18357#. type: Content of: <ul><li><p> 18358#: ../../skycultures/northern_andes/description.en.utf8:51 18359msgid "" 18360"Estelina Quinatoa (The Jaguar): Constellation that governs the male cycle, " 18361"also called \"Wilca\" or \"Otorongo\", indicates the arrival of the crops of" 18362" tender grains." 18363msgstr "" 18364"Estelina Quinatoa (O xaguar): Constelación que goberna o ciclo masculino, " 18365"tamén chamada \"Wilca\" ou \"Otorongo\", indica a chegada dos cultivos de " 18366"grans tenros." 18367 18368#. type: Content of: <ul><li><p> 18369#: ../../skycultures/northern_andes/description.en.utf8:52 18370msgid "" 18371"Mercedes Cotacachi (The Monkey): Constellation that governs the female " 18372"cycle, indicates the arrival of rains and the start of agricultural " 18373"processes." 18374msgstr "" 18375"Mercedes Cotacachi (O mono): A constelación que rexe o ciclo feminino, " 18376"indica a chegada das choivas e o inicio dos procesos agrícolas." 18377 18378#. type: Content of: <ul><li><p> 18379#: ../../skycultures/northern_andes/description.en.utf8:53 18380msgid "" 18381"Hernán Crespo Toral (The Frog): The \"Hampatu\" is the animal that has " 18382"several stages, like the Andean thought, it appears on the night of the June" 18383" solstice and it is related to the contact with the world of the dead." 18384msgstr "" 18385"Hernán Crespo Toral (A Ra): O \"Hampatu\" é o animal que ten varias etapas, " 18386"como o pensamento andino, aparece na noite do solsticio de xuño e está " 18387"relacionado co contacto co mundo dos mortos." 18388 18389#. type: Content of: <ul><li><p> 18390#: ../../skycultures/northern_andes/description.en.utf8:54 18391msgid "" 18392"Ana Jaramillo de Velasteguí (The Warrior): Known as \"the Man and the " 18393"Spear\" or \"The Dancer\", the constellation governs the December solstice." 18394msgstr "" 18395"Ana Jaramillo de Velasteguí (O guerreiro): coñecida como \"o home e a " 18396"lanza\" ou \"o bailarín\", a constelación goberna o solsticio de decembro." 18397 18398#. type: Content of: <p> 18399#: ../../skycultures/northern_andes/description.en.utf8:58 18400msgid "" 18401"These constellations, asterisms and measurements are part of <b>the legacy " 18402"of Ancestral Knowledge</b> protected and compiled by the <b>Clan Quinatoa, " 18403"guardians of the millenary knowledge of the Lundauco Valley in Imbabura - " 18404"Ecuador</b>" 18405msgstr "" 18406"Forman parte destas constelacións, asterismos e medicións<b>o legado de " 18407"Coñecemento Ancestral </b> protexido e compilado polo <b>Clan Quinatoa, " 18408"gardiáns do coñecemento milenario do Val Lundauco en Imbabura - Ecuador</b>" 18409 18410#. type: Content of: outside any tag (error?) 18411#: ../../skycultures/northern_andes/description.en.utf8:58 18412msgid "." 18413msgstr "." 18414 18415#. type: Content of: <p> 18416#: ../../skycultures/northern_andes/description.en.utf8:60 18417msgid "" 18418"The astral information is based on the study of Andrés Alejandro Ayala " 18419"Quinatoa in \"Millenary Astronomy, what my teachers and ancestors taught " 18420"me\"; Servio Jr. Paladines collaborates for the computer integration." 18421msgstr "" 18422"A información astral baséase no estudo de Andrés Alejandro Ayala Quinatoa en" 18423" \"Astronomía milenaria, o que me ensinaron os meus mestres e devanceiros\";" 18424" Servio Jr. Paladines colabora para a integración informática." 18425 18426#. type: Content of: <p> 18427#: ../../skycultures/northern_andes/description.en.utf8:62 18428msgid "" 18429"The present illustrations are inspired by the pre-Hispanic designs of the " 18430"Pasto nation investigated by Estelina Quinatoa for the book \"Ancestral " 18431"Representations and Colors of the Cosmos\" (Ministry of Culture and Heritage" 18432" of Ecuador)." 18433msgstr "" 18434"As ilustracións presentes están inspiradas nos deseños prehispánicos da " 18435"nación Pasto investigados por Estelina Quinatoa para o libro " 18436"\"Representacións ancestrais e cores do cosmos\" (Ministerio de Cultura e " 18437"Patrimonio do Ecuador)." 18438 18439#. type: Content of: <h2> 18440#: ../../skycultures/ojibwe/description.en.utf8:1 18441msgid "Ojibwe" 18442msgstr "Ojibwe" 18443 18444#. type: Content of: <p> 18445#: ../../skycultures/ojibwe/description.en.utf8:2 18446msgid "" 18447"Ojibwe are one of the largest groups of indigenous people of North America " 18448"(United States and Canada). Depending on the region, Ojibwe are known for " 18449"birch bark canoes, wildrice-<i>manoomin</i>, and maple syrup. Also known as" 18450" Anishinaabe and Chippewa. The word Ojibwe means ‘cooks food outside’. The" 18451" Ojibwe Star Knowledge files available for Stellarium are an adaptation of " 18452"the <b><i>“Ojibwe Giizhig Anung Masinaaigan, Ojibiwe Sky Star Map”</i></b>, " 18453"created by A. Lee, W. Wilson, C. Gawboy, 2012. More details can be found in" 18454" the constellation guidebook <b><i>Ojibwe Sky Star Map Constellation Guide: " 18455"An Introduction to Ojibwe Star Knowledge</i></b>. Also available are Ojibwe " 18456"star map posters, Ojibwe planispheres, curriculum, and other resources." 18457msgstr "" 18458"Ojibwe é un dos maiores grupos de indíxenas de América do Norte (Estados " 18459"Unidos e Canadá). Dependendo da rexión, Ojibwe é coñecido polas súas canoas " 18460"de cortiza de bidueiro<i>manoomin</i>, e xarope de arce. Tamén coñecido como" 18461" Anishinaabe e Chippewa. A palabra Ojibwe significa \"cociña exteriora\". Os" 18462" ficheiros de coñecemento Star Ojibwe dispoñibles para Stellarium son unha " 18463"adaptación do <b><i>“Ojibwe Giizhig Anung Masinaaigan, Ojibiwe Sky Star " 18464"Map”</i></b>, creado pory A. Lee, W. Wilson, C. Gawboy, 2012. Pódense " 18465"atopar máis detalles na guía de constelacións <b><i>Ojibwe Sky Star Map " 18466"Constellation Guide: An Introduction to Ojibwe Star Knowledge</i></b>. Tamén" 18467" están dispoñibles carteis con mapas de estrelas de Ojibwe, planisferios de " 18468"Ojibwe, currículo e outros recursos." 18469 18470#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 18471#: ../../skycultures/ojibwe/description.en.utf8:7 18472msgid "" 18473"<i>Gaadidnaway,Mishi bizhiw</i>,Curly Tail, Great Panther, Leo & head of " 18474"Hydra" 18475msgstr "" 18476"<i>Gaadidnaway,Mishi bizhiw</i>, Rabo crecho, gran pantera, Leo e cabeza de " 18477"Hidra" 18478 18479#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 18480#: ../../skycultures/ojibwe/description.en.utf8:8 18481msgid "<i>Madoodiswan</i>,Sweat Lodge, Corona" 18482msgstr "<i>Madoodiswan</i>, Aloxamento suado, Corona" 18483 18484#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 18485#: ../../skycultures/ojibwe/description.en.utf8:9 18486msgid "" 18487"<i>Biboonkeonini</i>,Wintermaker, Orion with arms to Procyon & Aldebaran" 18488msgstr "" 18489"<i>Biboonkeonini</i>, Creador do inverno, Orion con brazos cara a Procyon e " 18490"Aldebarán" 18491 18492#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 18493#: ../../skycultures/ojibwe/description.en.utf8:10 18494msgid "<i>Maang</i>,Loon, Ursa Minor (Little Dipper)" 18495msgstr "<i>Maang</i>, Salario, Ursa Minor (Pequeno culleirón)" 18496 18497#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 18498#: ../../skycultures/ojibwe/description.en.utf8:11 18499msgid "<i>Ojiig</i>,Fisher, Ursa Major (Big Dipper)" 18500msgstr "<i>Ojiig</i>, Pescador, Ursa Maior (Gran culleirón)" 18501 18502#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 18503#: ../../skycultures/ojibwe/description.en.utf8:12 18504msgid "<i>Giwedin’Anung</i>,North Star, Polaris" 18505msgstr "<i>Giwedin’Anung</i>, Estrela do norte, Polaris" 18506 18507#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 18508#: ../../skycultures/ojibwe/description.en.utf8:13 18509msgid "<i>Mooz</i>,Moose, Pegasus & Lacerta" 18510msgstr "<i>Mooz</i>, Alce, Pegaso e Lacerta" 18511 18512#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 18513#: ../../skycultures/ojibwe/description.en.utf8:14 18514msgid "<i>Bugonagiizhig</i>,Hole in the Sky, Pleiades" 18515msgstr "<i>Bugonagiizhig</i>, Buraco no ceo, Pléiades" 18516 18517#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 18518#: ../../skycultures/ojibwe/description.en.utf8:15 18519msgid "<i>Madoo'asinik</i>,Sweating Stones, Pleiades" 18520msgstr "<i>Madoo'asinik</i>,Pedras suadas, Pléiades" 18521 18522#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 18523#: ../../skycultures/ojibwe/description.en.utf8:16 18524msgid "<i>Ajiijaak/Bineshi Okanin</i>,Crane/Skeleton Bird, Cygnus" 18525msgstr "<i>Ajiijaak/Bineshi Okanin</i>,Cranio/Esquéleto de Paxaro, Cisne" 18526 18527#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 18528#: ../../skycultures/ojibwe/description.en.utf8:17 18529msgid "<i>Noondeshin Bemaadizid</i>,Exhausted Bather, part of Hercules" 18530msgstr "<i>Noondeshin Bemaadizid</i>, Nadador exhausto parte de Hércules" 18531 18532#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 18533#: ../../skycultures/ojibwe/description.en.utf8:18 18534msgid "<i>Nanaboujou</i>,Nanaboujou, Scorpio" 18535msgstr "<i>Nanaboujou</i>,Nanaboujou, Scorpio" 18536 18537#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 18538#: ../../skycultures/ojibwe/description.en.utf8:19 18539msgid "<i>Anung</i>,Star," 18540msgstr "<i>Anung</i>,Estrela," 18541 18542#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 18543#: ../../skycultures/ojibwe/description.en.utf8:20 18544msgid "<i>Anung aki</i>,Star World" 18545msgstr "<i>Anung aki</i>,Mundo das estrelas" 18546 18547#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 18548#: ../../skycultures/ojibwe/description.en.utf8:21 18549msgid "<i>Dibik-giizis (Night Sun)</i>,Moon" 18550msgstr "<i>Dibik-giizis (Sol da noite)</i>,Lúa" 18551 18552#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 18553#: ../../skycultures/ojibwe/description.en.utf8:22 18554msgid "<i>Giizis</i>,Sun" 18555msgstr "<i>Giizis</i>,Sol" 18556 18557#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 18558#: ../../skycultures/ojibwe/description.en.utf8:23 18559msgid "<i>Giizhig</i>,Sky" 18560msgstr "<i>Giizhig</i>,Ceo" 18561 18562#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 18563#: ../../skycultures/ojibwe/description.en.utf8:24 18564msgid "<i>Ikwe'anung (Women's Star)</i>,Venus" 18565msgstr "<i>Ikwe'anung (Estrela das mulleres)</i>,Venus" 18566 18567#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 18568#: ../../skycultures/ojibwe/description.en.utf8:25 18569msgid "<i>Onaagoshi'anung</i>,Venus -Evening Star" 18570msgstr "<i>Onaagoshi'anung</i>,Venus -Estrela da tardiña" 18571 18572#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 18573#: ../../skycultures/ojibwe/description.en.utf8:26 18574msgid "<i>Waabun'anung</i>,Venus - Morning Star" 18575msgstr "<i>Waabun'anung</i>,Venus - Estrela da mañá" 18576 18577#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 18578#: ../../skycultures/ojibwe/description.en.utf8:27 18579msgid "<i>Maingan Mikan (Wolf Trail)</i>,Ecliptic" 18580msgstr "<i>Maingan Mikan (Rastro de lobo)</i>,Eclíptica" 18581 18582#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 18583#: ../../skycultures/ojibwe/description.en.utf8:28 18584msgid "<i>Jiibaykona (Spirit Path)</i>,Milky Way" 18585msgstr "<i>Jiibaykona (Camiño do espírito)</i>,Vía Láctea" 18586 18587#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 18588#: ../../skycultures/ojibwe/description.en.utf8:29 18589msgid "<i>Jiibay Ziibi (River of Souls)</i>,Milky Way" 18590msgstr "<i>Jiibay Ziibi (Río de almas)</i>,Vía Láctea" 18591 18592#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 18593#: ../../skycultures/ojibwe/description.en.utf8:30 18594msgid "<i>Bangishin anung</i>,Meteor/Falling star" 18595msgstr "<i>Bangishin anung</i>,Meteoro/Estrela en caída" 18596 18597#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 18598#: ../../skycultures/ojibwe/description.en.utf8:31 18599msgid "<i>Gaagige Giizhig (Forever Sky)</i>,Universe" 18600msgstr "<i>Gaagige Giizhig (Ceo eterno)</i>,Universo" 18601 18602#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 18603#: ../../skycultures/ojibwe/description.en.utf8:32 18604msgid "<i>Anung Nibwakawin</i>,Star Knowledge (Wisdom)" 18605msgstr "<i>Anung Nibwakawin</i>,Estrela do coñecemento (Sabedoría)" 18606 18607#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 18608#: ../../skycultures/ojibwe/description.en.utf8:33 18609msgid "<i>Giizhig Anung Masinaaigan</i>,(Sky) Star map" 18610msgstr "<i>Giizhig Anung Masinaaigan</i>,(Ceo) Mapa de estrelas" 18611 18612#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 18613#: ../../skycultures/ojibwe/description.en.utf8:34 18614msgid "<i>Waabanong (Waaban)</i>,East" 18615msgstr "<i>Waabanong (Waaban)</i>,Leste" 18616 18617#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 18618#: ../../skycultures/ojibwe/description.en.utf8:35 18619msgid "<i>Ningabianong (Nigagbii'an)</i>,West" 18620msgstr "<i>Ningabianong (Nigagbii'an)</i>,Oeste" 18621 18622#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 18623#: ../../skycultures/ojibwe/description.en.utf8:36 18624msgid "<i>Giiwedinong (Giiwedinang/Giiwendin)</i>,North" 18625msgstr "<i>Giiwedinong (Giiwedinang/Giiwendin)</i>,Norte" 18626 18627#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 18628#: ../../skycultures/ojibwe/description.en.utf8:37 18629msgid "<i>Zhaawanong (Zhaawan)</i>,South" 18630msgstr "<i>Zhaawanong (Zhaawan)</i>,Sur" 18631 18632#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 18633#: ../../skycultures/ojibwe/description.en.utf8:43 18634msgid "" 18635"<a href=\"http://web.stcloudstate.edu/aslee/OJIBWEMAP/home.html\">Ojibwe Map" 18636" webpage, includes audio recordings of Ojibwe pronunciation and other " 18637"resources.</a>" 18638msgstr "" 18639"<a href=\"http://web.stcloudstate.edu/aslee/OJIBWEMAP/home.html\">Ojibwe Map" 18640" webpage, inclúe rexistros de audio de pronuncia Ojibwe e outros " 18641"recursos.</a>" 18642 18643#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 18644#: ../../skycultures/ojibwe/description.en.utf8:44 18645msgid "" 18646"<a href=\"http://www.amazon.com/Ojibwe-Sky-Star-Map-" 18647"Constellation/dp/0615986781?ie=UTF8&keywords=ojibwe%20stars&qid=1461769178&ref_=sr_1_1&sr=8-1\">Ojibwe" 18648" Sky Star Map Constellation Guide</a> book on amazon.com" 18649msgstr "" 18650"<a href=\"http://www.amazon.com/Ojibwe-Sky-Star-Map-" 18651"Constellation/dp/0615986781?ie=UTF8&keywords=ojibwe%20stars&qid=1461769178&ref_=sr_1_1&sr=8-1\">Ojibwe" 18652" Sky Star Map Constellation Guide</a> libro en amazon.com" 18653 18654#. type: Content of: <p> 18655#: ../../skycultures/ojibwe/description.en.utf8:49 18656msgid "" 18657"This Ojibwe star knowledge was contributed by Annette S. Lee, Director of " 18658"<i>Native Skywatchers</i>, a research and programming initiative aimed at " 18659"revitalizing native star knowledge, especially Ojibwe and D(L)akota. Based " 18660"on the star map <i><b>Ojibwe Giizhig Anung Masinaaigan - Ojibwe Sky Star " 18661"Map</b></i> created by A. Lee, W. Wilson, C. Gawboy and the book " 18662"<i><b>Ojibwe Sky Star Map Constellation Guide: An Introduction to Ojibwe " 18663"Star Knowledge</b> </i>by A. Lee, W. Wilson, C. Gawboy, J. Tibbetts." 18664msgstr "" 18665"Ó coñecemento das estrelas Ojibwe contribuíu Annette S. Lee, directora de " 18666"<i>Native Skywatchers</i>, unha iniciativa de investigación e programación " 18667"dirixida a revitalizar o coñecemento de estrelas nativas, especialmente " 18668"Ojibwe e D(L)akota. Baseado no mapa das estrelas <i><b>Ojibwe Giizhig Anung " 18669"Masinaaigan - Ojibwe Sky Star Map</b></i> creado por y A. Lee, W. Wilson, C." 18670" Gawboy e o libro <i><b>Ojibwe Sky Star Map Constellation Guide: An " 18671"Introduction to Ojibwe Star Knowledge</b> </i>de A. Lee, W. Wilson, C. " 18672"Gawboy, J. Tibbetts." 18673 18674#. type: Content of: <p> 18675#: ../../skycultures/ojibwe/description.en.utf8:50 18676msgid "Constellation Paintings by A. Lee & W. Wilson." 18677msgstr "Debuxos de constelacións por A. Lee & W. Wilson." 18678 18679#. type: Content of: <h2> 18680#: ../../skycultures/romanian/description.en.utf8:1 18681msgid "Romanian" 18682msgstr "Romanesa" 18683 18684#. type: Content of: <p> 18685#: ../../skycultures/romanian/description.en.utf8:2 18686msgid "" 18687"Considered as a whole, Romanian popular stellar mythology has three " 18688"essential components." 18689msgstr "" 18690"Considerada no seu conxunto, a mitoloxía estelar popular romanesa ten tres " 18691"compoñentes esenciais." 18692 18693#. type: Content of: <p><p> 18694#: ../../skycultures/romanian/description.en.utf8:3 18695msgid "" 18696"The FIRST one - the ancestral pastoral-agricultural is pre-Christian, in " 18697"which the sky seen both as an agrarian clock for specific activities and as " 18698"an \"exhibition\" of agricultural tools used by peasants." 18699msgstr "" 18700"O PRIMEIRO - a pastoral-agrícola ancestral é precristiá, e nela o ceo víase " 18701"coma un reloxo agrario para actividades específicas e tamén coma unha " 18702"\"exposición\" de ferramentas agrícolas empregadas polos campesiños." 18703 18704#. type: Content of: <p><p><p> 18705#: ../../skycultures/romanian/description.en.utf8:5 18706msgid "" 18707"The SECOND component - more recent - corresponding to the Christianization " 18708"of Romanian geographical space and repositioning in the sky the Christian " 18709"and pre-Christian elements where constellations are associated with " 18710"cosmogonical and theogonical myths, so that the sky is seen more like a " 18711"church." 18712msgstr "" 18713"O SEGUNDO compoñente - máis recente - correspondente á cristianización do " 18714"espazo xeográfico romanés e a reposición no ceo dos elementos cristiáns e " 18715"pre-cristiáns onde as constelacións están asociadas a mitos cosmogónicos e " 18716"teogónicos, de xeito que o ceo é visto máis coma unha igrexa." 18717 18718#. type: Content of: <p><p><p><p> 18719#: ../../skycultures/romanian/description.en.utf8:8 18720msgid "" 18721"And the THIRD component - the origin of the Romanian people, projecting on " 18722"the sky the synthesis of formation of this people (the conquest of Dacia by " 18723"the Romans) through projection of dramatic scenes from this history of " 18724"Dacians mixing with the Romans." 18725msgstr "" 18726"E o TERCEIRO compoñente - a orixe do pobo romanés, proxectando sobre o ceo a" 18727" síntese de formación deste pobo (a conquista de Dacia polos romanos) " 18728"mediante a proxección de escenas dramáticas desta historia de dacios " 18729"mesturados cos romanos." 18730 18731#. type: Content of: <p><p><p><p> 18732#: ../../skycultures/romanian/description.en.utf8:11 18733msgid "" 18734"<strong>Note</strong>: in Western Constellation Orion there are four " 18735"Traditional Romanian Constellations that are overlapping." 18736msgstr "" 18737"<strong>Nota</strong>: na constelación occidental de Orion, hai catro " 18738"constelacións tradicionais romanesas que se solapan." 18739 18740#. type: Content of: <p><p><p><h3> 18741#: ../../skycultures/romanian/description.en.utf8:12 18742msgid "External links:" 18743msgstr "Ligazóns externas:" 18744 18745#. type: Content of: <p><p><p><ul><li> 18746#: ../../skycultures/romanian/description.en.utf8:14 18747msgid "" 18748"<a href=\"http://www.crt-ro.com\">Website for Tradițional Romanian " 18749"Constellation</a>" 18750msgstr "" 18751"<a href=\"http://www.crt-ro.com\">Web para as Constelacións Romanesas " 18752"Tradicionais</a>" 18753 18754#. type: Content of: <p><p><p><ul><li> 18755#: ../../skycultures/romanian/description.en.utf8:15 18756msgid "" 18757"<a href=\"http://www.slideshare.net/planetariubm/broura-constelaii-" 18758"romanesti-tradiionale\">On-line booklet in ro/en about 39 Traditional " 18759"Romanian Constellations</a>" 18760msgstr "" 18761"<a href=\"http://www.slideshare.net/planetariubm/broura-constelaii-" 18762"romanesti-tradiionale\">On-line booklet in ro/en about 39 Traditional " 18763"Romanian Constellations</a>" 18764 18765#. type: Content of: <p><p><p><ul><li> 18766#: ../../skycultures/romanian/description.en.utf8:16 18767msgid "" 18768"<a " 18769"href=\"http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwaYDxThuSyGt1Pw55UxfI9802pq5fFro\">30" 18770" seconds movies made from scripts and with subtitle in English</a>" 18771msgstr "" 18772"<a " 18773"href=\"http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwaYDxThuSyGt1Pw55UxfI9802pq5fFro\">Películas" 18774" de 30 segundos feitas a partir de scripts e con subtítulos en inglés</a>" 18775 18776#. type: Content of: <p><p><p><ul><li> 18777#: ../../skycultures/romanian/description.en.utf8:17 18778msgid "" 18779"<a h " 18780"href=\"http://www.sarm.ro/newsite/index.php?id=1&zi=29&luna=12&an=2009&act=news\">Romanian" 18781" peasants beliefs in stars and sky – Translation of texts adapted from Ion " 18782"Ottescu</a>" 18783msgstr "" 18784"<a h " 18785"href=\"http://www.sarm.ro/newsite/index.php?id=1&zi=29&luna=12&an=2009&act=news\">Crenzas" 18786" dos labregos romaneses nas estrelas e no ceo – Tradución de textos " 18787"adaptadod de Ion Ottescu</a>" 18788 18789#. type: Content of: <p><p><p><ul><li> 18790#: ../../skycultures/romanian/description.en.utf8:18 18791msgid "<a href=\"http://planetariubm.ro/\">PLANETARIUL BAIA MARE – MARAMURES</a>" 18792msgstr "<a href=\"http://planetariubm.ro/\">PLANETARIUL BAIA MARE – MARAMURES</a>" 18793 18794#. type: Content of: <p><p><p><p> 18795#: ../../skycultures/romanian/description.en.utf8:20 18796msgid "Thanks to Andrei Dorian Gheorghe and Alastair McBeth – SARM members" 18797msgstr "Grazas a Andrei Dorian Gheorghe e Alastair McBeth – membros do SARM" 18798 18799#. type: Content of: <p><p><p><h3> 18800#: ../../skycultures/romanian/description.en.utf8:22 18801msgid "Authors:" 18802msgstr "Autores:" 18803 18804#. type: Content of: <p><p><p><p> 18805#: ../../skycultures/romanian/description.en.utf8:23 18806msgid "" 18807"This sky culture was contributed by Stellarium user <a " 18808"href=\"mailto:MirceaLite@yahoo.com\">Mircea Lite</a> on behalf of Baia Mare " 18809"Planetarium, as a result of a project called <em>Traditional Romanian " 18810"Constellations</em> primarily based on the book <em>Romanian peasants " 18811"beliefs in stars and sky</em> by Ioan Otescu." 18812msgstr "" 18813"A esta cultura do ceo para Stellarium contribuíu <a " 18814"href=\"mailto:MirceaLite@yahoo.com\">Mircea Lite</a> en nome do planetario " 18815"Baia Mare, como resultado dun proxecto chamado<em>Traditional Romanian " 18816"Constellations</em> baseado primariamente no libro <em>Romanian peasants " 18817"beliefs in stars and sky</em> de Ioan Otescu." 18818 18819#. type: Content of: <p><p><p><p><p> 18820#: ../../skycultures/romanian/description.en.utf8:26 18821msgid "" 18822"The Romanian constellation lines, images, scripts and texts for movies " 18823"prepared by <a href=\"mailto:rlodina@gmail.com\">Radu Lodina</a> and <a " 18824"href=\"mailto:OviIgnat@yahoo.com\">Ovidiu Ignat</a>. Romanian constellation " 18825"art done by Zamfir Somcutean." 18826msgstr "" 18827"As liñas de constelacións romanesas, imaxes, guións e textos para películas " 18828"elaboradas por <a href=\"mailto:rlodina@gmail.com\">Radu Lodina</a> e <a " 18829"href=\"mailto:OviIgnat@yahoo.com\">Ovidiu Ignat</a>. A arte constelación " 18830"romanesa foi feita por Zamfir Somcutean." 18831 18832#. type: Content of: <p><p><p><p><p><p><p> 18833#: ../../skycultures/romanian/description.en.utf8:28 18834msgid "" 18835"All materials related to Traditional Romanian Constellations are released " 18836"under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported." 18837msgstr "" 18838"Todos os materiais relacionados coas constelacións romanesas tradicionais " 18839"publícanse baixo recoñecemento de Creative Commons-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported." 18840 18841#. type: Content of: <h2> 18842#: ../../skycultures/sami/description.en.utf8:1 18843msgid "Sami" 18844msgstr "Sami" 18845 18846#. type: Content of: <p> 18847#: ../../skycultures/sami/description.en.utf8:3 18848msgid "" 18849"The Sami people are considered to be the native population of northern " 18850"Norway, Sweden, Finland and West Russia (the Kola Peninsula). More " 18851"information can be found at <a " 18852"href=\"http://www.eng.samer.se/\">samer.se</a> and in the <a " 18853"href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sami_people\">Sami people article in " 18854"Wikipedia</a>." 18855msgstr "" 18856"Considérase que os pobos sami son a poboación nativa do norte de Noruega, " 18857"Suecia, Finlandia e Rusia occidental (península de Kola). Máis información " 18858"pódese atopar en <a href=\"http://www.eng.samer.se/\">samer.se</a> e no " 18859"artigo de Wikipedia <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sami_people\">do " 18860"pobo Sami</a>." 18861 18862#. type: Content of: <h3> 18863#: ../../skycultures/sami/description.en.utf8:8 18864#: ../../skycultures/russian_siberian/description.en.utf8:28 18865#: ../../skycultures/tukano/description.en.utf8:43 18866msgid "Sources" 18867msgstr "Fontes" 18868 18869#. type: Content of: <p> 18870#: ../../skycultures/sami/description.en.utf8:10 18871msgid "" 18872"Stellarium's Sami sky culture is based on the work of Bo Lundmark <i>Bæi'vi " 18873"mánno nástit</i> (Swedish title: <i>Sol- och månkult samt astrala och " 18874"celesta föreställninga bland samerna</i> [<i>Sun and Moon cult and astral " 18875"and celestial concepts among the Sami</i>], 1982), who based much of his " 18876"work on the writings of the Sami artist and author Johan Turi." 18877msgstr "" 18878"A cultura do ceo sami de Stellarium está baseada no traballo de Bo Lundmark " 18879"<i>Bæi'vi mánno nástit</i> (Título sueco: <i>Sol- och månkult samt astrala " 18880"och celesta föreställninga bland samerna</i> [<i>O culto ó Sol e a Lúa e " 18881"conceptos astrais e celestes entre os sami</i>], 1982), que baseou boa parte" 18882" do seu traballo nos escritos do artista e autor sami Johan Turi." 18883 18884#. type: Content of: <p> 18885#: ../../skycultures/sami/description.en.utf8:15 18886msgid "" 18887"This sky culture is a conglomeration of at least three slightly different " 18888"cultures from the people of the South-Sami, North-Sami and Russian Sami. " 18889"Each of these groups have slightly different languages and as such there may" 18890" be small differences with some references." 18891msgstr "" 18892"Esta cultura do ceo é un conglomerado de polo menos tres culturas " 18893"lixeiramente diferentes da xente do sur dos sami, do norte e dos sami rusos." 18894" Cada un destes grupos ten linguas lixeiramente diferentes e como tal pode " 18895"haber pequenas diferenzas con algunhas referencias." 18896 18897#. type: Content of: <p> 18898#: ../../skycultures/sami/description.en.utf8:19 18899msgid "" 18900"Sami constellations can be observed on Sami artifacts connected to the old " 18901"religion, suggesting that the night sky played an important cultural role " 18902"for Sami peoples in years gone by." 18903msgstr "" 18904"As constelacións dos sami poden observarse en artefactos sami relacionados " 18905"coa vella relixión, o que suxire que o ceo nocturno xogou un papel cultural " 18906"importante para os pobos sami nos anos pasados." 18907 18908#. type: Content of: <p> 18909#: ../../skycultures/sami/description.en.utf8:22 18910msgid "" 18911"The Sami sky culture has a lot in common with other arctic and sub-arctic " 18912"cultures in Eurasia. One unfortunate similarity is that much of the culture " 18913"was lost before it was recorded properly." 18914msgstr "" 18915"A cultura do ceo dos sami ten moito en común con outras culturas árticas e " 18916"subárticas en Eurasia. Unha desgraciada semellanza é que se perdeu gran " 18917"parte da cultura antes de que se rexistrase correctamente." 18918 18919#. type: Content of: <h3> 18920#: ../../skycultures/sami/description.en.utf8:26 18921msgid "Constellations and Stars" 18922msgstr "Constelacións e estrelas" 18923 18924#. type: Content of: <p> 18925#: ../../skycultures/sami/description.en.utf8:28 18926msgid "" 18927"The Sami constellations are probably very old but were recorded in writing " 18928"during the 19th century. In is unclear if the written record is complete. " 18929"The constellations and stars included here are all connected to the dominant" 18930" constellation, <i>Sarva</i> — the elk. Sarva is the Sami name for " 18931"elk, an alternative name is <i>Sarvvis</i> — Bull elk. The origin of " 18932"this constellation probably dates back to the old hunter culture before " 18933"reindeer were domesticated." 18934msgstr "" 18935"As constelacións sami son probablemente moi antigas, pero rexistráronse por " 18936"escrito durante o século XIX. Non está claro se o rexistro escrito está " 18937"completo. As constelacións e estrelas incluídas aquí están todas " 18938"relacionadas coa constelación dominante, <i>Sarva</i> — alce. Sarva é " 18939"o nome sami para alce, un nome alternativo é <i>Sarvvis</i> — Alce " 18940"macho. A orixe desta constelación remonta probablemente á antiga cultura de" 18941" cazadores antes de que os renos fosen domesticados." 18942 18943#. type: Content of: <p> 18944#: ../../skycultures/sami/description.en.utf8:34 18945msgid "" 18946"<i>Sarva</i> consists of the Western constellations Cassiopeia, Perseus and " 18947"parts of Auriga. Constellations and stars surrounding Sarva represent " 18948"hunters of the elk. <i>Favdna</i> (also transcribed as <i>Favtna</i>) is " 18949"the star Arcturus, and represents the Hunter who aims at the elk with his " 18950"bow and arrow (<i>Fauna davgge</i> — the Big Dipper). Favdna must aim" 18951" well, for if he hits the Sky Support <i>Boahjenaste</i> (the star Polaris)," 18952" legend has it that the world will come to an end." 18953msgstr "" 18954"<i>Sarva</i> consta das constelacións occidentais Casiopea, Perseo e partes " 18955"de Auriga. Constelacións e estrelas que rodean Sarva representan os " 18956"cazadores dos alces. <i>Favdna</i> (also transcribed as <i>Favtna</i>) é a " 18957"estrela Arcturus e representa o Cazador que apunta aos alces co seu arco e " 18958"frecha (<i>Fauna davgge</i> — o Gran Cullerón). Favdna debe apuntar " 18959"ben, se lle dá ó Soporte do Ceo <i>Boahjenaste</i> (a estrela Polar), conta " 18960"a lenda que o mundo chegará ao seu fin." 18961 18962#. type: Content of: <p> 18963#: ../../skycultures/sami/description.en.utf8:41 18964msgid "" 18965"Favdna has a number of helpers: <i>Galla</i> (Procyon<sup><a " 18966"href=\"#note1\">1</a></sup>) and his sons <i>Gallabarneck</i> (Orion's " 18967"belt), the \"Ski Runners\", <i>Cuoigahægjek</i> (Castor and Pollux) and " 18968"\"The Runner\" (Vega). The Pleiades are called <i>Rougot</i> (dog pack) or " 18969"<i>Miese-cora</i> (calfpack)." 18970msgstr "" 18971"Favdna ten moitos axudantes: <i>Galla</i> (Procyon<sup><a " 18972"href=\"#note1\">1</a></sup>) e os seus fillos <i>Gallabarneck</i> (Cinto de" 18973" Orión), os \"Corredores do ceo\", <i>Cuoigahægjek</i> (Castor e Pollux) e " 18974"\"O corredor\" (Vega). As Pléiades chámanse <i>Rougot</i> (paquete de can) " 18975"ou <i>Miese-cora</i> (paquete de becerro)." 18976 18977#. type: Content of: <p> 18978#: ../../skycultures/sami/description.en.utf8:46 18979msgid "" 18980"The Milky Way is called <i>Lodde-raiddaras</i> (lit. bird path) or <i>Jakke-" 18981"mærka</i> (lit. year mark). The name used depends on the season. In the sky" 18982" chart of Johan Turi, one can observe a star <i>Guovso-naste</i>, morning " 18983"star, that can be identified as Venus, but this is not certain as it can " 18984"also be identified as Altair, a star showing the morning is approaching " 18985"(similar to Arcturus in the Norse skyculture)." 18986msgstr "" 18987"A Vía Láctea chámase <i>Lodde-raiddaras</i> (lit. camiño do paxaro) ou " 18988"<i>Jakke-mærka</i> (lit. marca do ano). O nome empregado depende da " 18989"estación. Na gráfica de Johan Turi pódese observar unha estrela <i>Guovso-" 18990"naste</i>, a estrela da mañá, que se pode identificar como Venus, pero isto " 18991"non é certo, xa que tamén se pode identificar como Altair, unha estrela que " 18992"se achega pola mañá (similar a Arcturus na cultura do ceo nórdica)." 18993 18994#. type: Content of: <p> 18995#: ../../skycultures/sami/description.en.utf8:52 18996msgid "" 18997"The Sami sky culture does not have a large number of constellations. This is" 18998" thought to be mainly because of the high Northerly latitude of the Sami " 18999"people's range. Two factors contribute to this: that the Southern sky stays" 19000" below the horizon to a large extent, and that the Aurora Borealis is " 19001"frequently bright enough to obscure many stars." 19002msgstr "" 19003"A cultura do ceo sami non ten un gran número de constelacións. Crese que se " 19004"debe principalmente á alta latitude norte á que están os sami. Dous factores" 19005" contribúen a isto: que o ceo sur permaneza por baixo do horizonte en gran " 19006"medida e que a Aurora Borealis sexa a miúdo brillante para ocultar moitas " 19007"estrelas." 19008 19009#. type: Content of: <ol><li> 19010#: ../../skycultures/sami/description.en.utf8:59 19011msgid "" 19012"<a name=\"note1\" />The exact star which represents <i>Galla</i> is " 19013"uncertain. it is probably Procyon, Rigel or Sirius - Procyon was chosen as " 19014"Galla for this sky culture since Sirius is very hard to spot from the " 19015"latitude where the Sami live." 19016msgstr "" 19017"<a name=\"note1\" />Que estrela exacta representa <i>Galla</i> é " 19018"descoñecido. Probablemente sexa Procyon, Rigel ou Sirius - Procyon foi " 19019"escollido como Galla para esta cultura do ceo xa que Sirius é moi difícil de" 19020" descubrir desde a latitude onde viven os sami." 19021 19022#. type: Content of: <p> 19023#: ../../skycultures/sami/description.en.utf8:65 19024msgid "Jonas Persson (jonas.persson@physics.org)" 19025msgstr "Jonas Persson (jonas.persson@physics.org)" 19026 19027#. type: Content of: <h2> 19028#: ../../skycultures/sardinian/description.en.utf8:1 19029msgid "Sardinian" 19030msgstr "Sarda" 19031 19032#. type: Content of: <p> 19033#: ../../skycultures/sardinian/description.en.utf8:2 19034msgid "" 19035"Like all peoples of the world, even the ancient Sardinians, turned their " 19036"eyes to the sky that marked the time and the seasons. The peasant's world " 19037"has given its name to the stars and the constellations of the Sardinian " 19038"culture." 19039msgstr "" 19040"Como todos os pobos do mundo tamén os antigos sardos volveron os ollos ó " 19041"ceo, que marcaba o tempo e as estacións. O mundo campesiño deu o seu nome ás" 19042" estrelas e ás constelacións da cultura sarda." 19043 19044#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 19045#: ../../skycultures/sardinian/description.en.utf8:6 19046msgid "" 19047"<a href=\"http://www.sarabu.it/193_521_news_2863.php\">Stars and " 19048"constellations in sardinian language</a>" 19049msgstr "" 19050"<a href=\"http://www.sarabu.it/193_521_news_2863.php\">Stars and " 19051"constellations in sardinian language</a>" 19052 19053#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 19054#: ../../skycultures/sardinian/description.en.utf8:7 19055msgid "" 19056"<a href=\"http://www.stellarium.org/wiki/index.php/Scripts\">Stellarium " 19057"Script: Sardinian Constellations Tour</a>" 19058msgstr "" 19059"<a href=\"http://www.stellarium.org/wiki/index.php/Scripts\">Stellarium " 19060"Script: Sardinian Constellations Tour</a>" 19061 19062#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 19063#: ../../skycultures/sardinian/description.en.utf8:8 19064msgid "" 19065"<a " 19066"href=\"http://www.stellarium.org/wiki/index.php/Sky_cultures#Sardinian\">Stellarium" 19067" Wiki</a>" 19068msgstr "" 19069"<a " 19070"href=\"http://www.stellarium.org/wiki/index.php/Sky_cultures#Sardinian\">Stellarium" 19071" Wiki</a>" 19072 19073#. type: Content of: <p> 19074#: ../../skycultures/sardinian/description.en.utf8:12 19075msgid "" 19076"These constellations have been created by the Stellarium's user <i>Giuseppe " 19077"Putzolu</i>, giuseppe.putzolu(at)gmail.com" 19078msgstr "" 19079"Estas constelacións foron creadas polo usuario de Stellarium <i>Giuseppe " 19080"Putzolu</i>, giuseppe.putzolu(at)gmail.com" 19081 19082#. type: Content of: <h3> 19083#: ../../skycultures/sardinian/description.en.utf8:13 19084msgid "Credits" 19085msgstr "Créditos" 19086 19087#. type: Content of: <p> 19088#: ../../skycultures/sardinian/description.en.utf8:14 19089msgid "" 19090"The constellations of the Sardinian culture are the result of research done " 19091"by Tonino Bussu and Marco Puddu" 19092msgstr "" 19093"As constelacións da cultura sarda son o resultado das investigacións " 19094"realizadas por Tonino Bussu e Marco Puddu" 19095 19096#. type: Content of: <h2> 19097#: ../../skycultures/russian_siberian/description.en.utf8:1 19098msgid "Russian (Siberian)" 19099msgstr "Ruso (Siberiano)" 19100 19101#. type: Content of: <p> 19102#: ../../skycultures/russian_siberian/description.en.utf8:2 19103msgid "" 19104"The names of the constellations of Siberian peoples is rather poorly " 19105"studied. This region has the large territory and the knowledge about " 19106"constellations are difficult to reconcile in a single integrated picture. In" 19107" this culture of the sky marked only specific names and objects, which " 19108"typical for the whole of Siberia." 19109msgstr "" 19110"Os nomes das constelacións de pobos siberianos están bastante mal estudados." 19111" Esta rexión ten un amplo territorio e o coñecemento sobre as constelacións " 19112"é difícil de compatibilizar nun único cadro integrado. Nesta cultura do ceo " 19113"marcáronse só nomes e obxectos específicos, típicos para toda Siberia." 19114 19115#. type: Content of: <p> 19116#: ../../skycultures/russian_siberian/description.en.utf8:8 19117msgid "" 19118"The names of the Milky Way are quite numerous, but they can be distinguished" 19119" into two groups - the names coming from the past (e.g., <em>Goose " 19120"Road</em>) and the name of a later period (<em>Mamay Road</em>). The names " 19121"of the later period is clearly apparent connection to the memory of the " 19122"Mongol-Tatar invasion to Russia." 19123msgstr "" 19124"Os nomes da Vía Láctea son bastante numerosos, pero pódense dividir en dous " 19125"grupos: os nomes que veñen do pasado (por exemplo,<em>Estrada da oca</em>) e" 19126" o nome dun período posterior (<em>Estrada da nai</em>). Os nomes do período" 19127" posterior son claramente aparentes conexións coa memoria da invasión " 19128"mongol-tártara a Rusia." 19129 19130#. type: Content of: <p> 19131#: ../../skycultures/russian_siberian/description.en.utf8:14 19132msgid "" 19133"The Pleiades has a many names and their more than the Milky Way names, but " 19134"all of them in Siberia can be reduced to the notion for a star cluster as a " 19135"bird's nest. Among these names <em>Duck Nest</em> is the most common." 19136msgstr "" 19137"As Pléiades teñen moitos nomes, máis cá Vía Láctea, pero todos eles en " 19138"Siberia poden reducirse á idea dun cúmulo de estrelas como niño de paxaro. " 19139"Entre estes nomes <em>Niño de pato</em> é o máis común." 19140 19141#. type: Content of: <p> 19142#: ../../skycultures/russian_siberian/description.en.utf8:19 19143msgid "" 19144"In Siberia often used name for this constellation is <em>Elk</em> (although " 19145"in Eastern Siberia the name \"Bear\" is used more frequently)." 19146msgstr "" 19147"En Siberia, o nome usado para esta constelación é <em>Elk</em> (aínda que en" 19148" Siberia oriental úsase con máis frecuencia o nome de \"oso\")." 19149 19150#. type: Content of: <p> 19151#: ../../skycultures/russian_siberian/description.en.utf8:23 19152msgid "" 19153"In Siberia in the constellation of Orion is usually used only three stars of" 19154" his belt, who called <em>Kichigi</em> (the Threshers) - is typical for " 19155"north-eastern Russia image of the threshers, who are stand in the row. In " 19156"the European part of Russia called Kichigi usually hides the Ursa Major " 19157"constellation." 19158msgstr "" 19159"En Siberia, na constelación de Orión, adoitan usarse só as tres estrelas do " 19160"seu cinto, que se chaman <em>Kichigi</em> (o tesouro) - é típico para a " 19161"imaxe do noreste de Rusia das teseiras que están paradas na fila. Na parte " 19162"europea de Rusia Kichigi adoita agochar a constelación de Ursa Maior." 19163 19164#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 19165#: ../../skycultures/russian_siberian/description.en.utf8:30 19166msgid "Svjatskij, D.O. Astronomija Drevnej Rusi. - M., 2007. - 664 s." 19167msgstr "Svjatskij, D.O. Astronomija Drevnej Rusi. - M., 2007. - 664 s." 19168 19169#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 19170#: ../../skycultures/russian_siberian/description.en.utf8:31 19171msgid "" 19172"Svjatskij, D.O. Pod svodom hrustal'nogo neba: Ocherki po astral'noj " 19173"mifologii v oblasti religioznogo i narodnogo mirovozzrenija. Izd. 2-e M.: " 19174"Knizhnyj dvor \"LIBROKOM\", 2011. - 192 s." 19175msgstr "" 19176"Svjatskij, D.O. Pod svodom hrustal'nogo neba: Ocherki po astral'noj " 19177"mifologii v oblasti religioznogo i narodnogo mirovozzrenija. Izd. 2-e M.: " 19178"Knizhnyj dvor \"LIBROKOM\", 2011. - 192 s." 19179 19180#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 19181#: ../../skycultures/russian_siberian/description.en.utf8:32 19182msgid "" 19183"Rut, M.E. Slovar' astronimov. Zvezdnoe nebo po-russki. - M.: AST-PRESS " 19184"KNIGA, 2010. - 288 s." 19185msgstr "" 19186"Rut, M.E. Slovar' astronimov. Zvezdnoe nebo po-russki. - M.: AST-PRESS " 19187"KNIGA, 2010. - 288 s." 19188 19189#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 19190#: ../../skycultures/russian_siberian/description.en.utf8:33 19191msgid "Karpenko, Ju.A. Nazvanija zvezdnogo neba. - M.: Nauka, 1981. - 184 s." 19192msgstr "Karpenko, Ju.A. Nazvanija zvezdnogo neba. - M.: Nauka, 1981. - 184 s." 19193 19194#. type: Content of: <h2> 19195#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:1 19196msgid "Tongan (Tonga)" 19197msgstr "Tongana (Tonga)" 19198 19199#. type: Content of: <p> 19200#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:2 19201msgid "" 19202"As in all Polynesian star lore, Tongan sky culture descends from the " 19203"practical application of nautical navigation. In some circumstances " 19204"separation of individual star names from "star path" names cannot " 19205"be resolved. A star may have multiple names 1) if the star is part of " 19206"numerous star paths and 2) since the naming of stars can differ depending on" 19207" which Tongan island group it originates from. The nomenclature of stars is" 19208" approximated based on the limited resources available." 19209msgstr "" 19210"Como en toda a tradición de estrelas polinesia, a cultura do ceo tongana " 19211"deriva da aplicación práctica da navegación náutica. Nalgunhas " 19212"circunstancias non se pode resolver a separación dos nomes de estrela " 19213"individuais dos nomes dos \"camiños de estrelas\". Unha estrela pode ter " 19214"varios nomes 1) se a estrela forma parte de numerosos camiños estelares e 2)" 19215" xa que a denominación das estrelas pode diferir en función do grupo das " 19216"illas de Tonga. A nomenclatura de estrelas aproxímase en función dos " 19217"recursos dispoñibles." 19218 19219#. type: Content of: <p> 19220#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:11 19221msgid "" 19222"Whilst the most-notable/common stars and constellations (i.e. Orion, " 19223"Pleiades, Crux) are identified in Tongan star lore there are two notable " 19224"exceptions. There is an absence of naming of the North star (Polaris: " 19225"α UMi). This is peculiar considering the latitude of the Tongan " 19226"islands and the prominence of this star at certain times of the year. In the" 19227" event of any northerly journeys from Tonga such an important navigational " 19228"landmark could not have possibly gone unnoticed. The constellation of " 19229"Scorpio (parts in, or stars of) are also absent from Tongan star lore. This " 19230"is surprising since the vast majority of star lore – globally and " 19231"Polynesian – has Scorpio as a central constellation due to it being " 19232"easily identified and that it is nearly directly opposite Orion in the night" 19233" sky. [Stellarium would welcome any further knowledge on these two " 19234"anomalies.]" 19235msgstr "" 19236"Aínda que as estrelas e as constelacións máis notables / comúns (é dicir, " 19237"Orion, Pléiades e Crux) son identificadas na tradición das estrelas de " 19238"Tonga, hai dúas excepcións notables. Non hai referencia á estrela do norte " 19239"(Polaris: UMi). Isto é peculiar tendo en conta a latitude das illas de Tonga" 19240" e a importancia desta estrela en determinadas épocas do ano. No caso de " 19241"realizar algún desprazamento cara ó norte dende Tonga, un fito de navegación" 19242" tan importante non podería pasar inadvertido. A constelación de Escorpión " 19243"(partes ou estrelas dela) tamén están ausentes da tradición das estrelas de " 19244"Tonga. Isto é sorprendente, xa que a gran maioría das culturas de todo o " 19245"mundo e polinesia teñen o Escorpión como unha constelación central debido a " 19246"que se identifica facilmente e que se atopa case directamente fronte a Orion" 19247" no ceo nocturno. [Stellarium proporciona máis información sobre estas dúas " 19248"anomalías.]" 19249 19250#. type: Content of: <p> 19251#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:25 19252msgid "" 19253"Common ancestry of Polynesian star lore's is evident in the similarities in " 19254"the labelling of stars. For example the Pleiades is called Mataliki in " 19255"Tongan, Matariki in Maori and Makali`i in Hawaiian." 19256msgstr "" 19257"A ascendencia común da tradición de estrelas polinesia é evidente nas " 19258"semellanzas na etiquetaxe das estrelas. Por exemplo, as Pléiades chámanse " 19259"Mataliki en Tongano, Matariki en Maori e Makali`i en Hawai." 19260 19261#. type: Content of: <ol><li> 19262#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:32 19263msgid "" 19264"Velt Kik, <em>Ko E Ngaahi fetu'u 'o, Stars over tonga</em>, 1990 'Atenisi " 19265"University, Nuku'alofa , Tonga Government printing department." 19266msgstr "" 19267"Velt Kik, <em>Ko E Ngaahi fetu'u 'o, Stars over tonga</em>, 1990 'Atenisi " 19268"University, Nuku'alofa , Tonga Government printing department." 19269 19270#. type: Content of: <ol><li> 19271#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:34 19272msgid "" 19273"T.H Fale, <em>Tongan astronomy</em>, 1990 Polynesian Eyes foundation, " 19274"Nuku'alofa, Tonga Choice printing." 19275msgstr "" 19276"T.H Fale, <em>Tongan astronomy</em>, 1990 Polynesian Eyes foundation, " 19277"Nuku'alofa, Tonga Choice printing." 19278 19279#. type: Content of: <ol><li> 19280#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:37 19281msgid "" 19282"E. E. V. Collocott, <em>Tongan astronomy and calendar</em>, 1992 Occasional " 19283"Papers of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum of Polynesian ethnology and " 19284"Natural History, Vol.8, No. 4 Honolulu, Hawaii, Bishop Museum Press 1922, p." 19285" 157-173." 19286msgstr "" 19287"E. E. V. Collocott, <em>Tongan astronomy and calendar</em>, 1992 Occasional " 19288"Papers of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum of Polynesian ethnology and " 19289"Natural History, Vol.8, No. 4 Honolulu, Hawaii, Bishop Museum Press 1922, p." 19290" 157-173." 19291 19292#. type: Content of: <table><tr><th> 19293#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:45 19294msgid "Tongan term" 19295msgstr "Termo tongano" 19296 19297#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 19298#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:46 19299msgid "Humu" 19300msgstr "Humu" 19301 19302#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 19303#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:46 19304msgid "Coal sack" 19305msgstr "Saco de carbón" 19306 19307#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 19308#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:47 19309msgid "Kaniva" 19310msgstr "Kaniva" 19311 19312#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 19313#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:48 19314msgid "Ma'afulele" 19315msgstr "Ma'afulele" 19316 19317#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 19318#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:48 19319msgid "Large Magellan cloud" 19320msgstr "Gran Nube de Magallanes" 19321 19322#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 19323#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:49 19324msgid "Ma'afutoka" 19325msgstr "Ma'afutoka" 19326 19327#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 19328#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:49 19329msgid "Small Magellan cloud" 19330msgstr "Pequena Nube de Magallanes" 19331 19332#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 19333#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:50 19334msgid "'otu Ma'afu" 19335msgstr "'otu Ma'afu" 19336 19337#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 19338#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:50 19339msgid "Magellanic clouds (both)" 19340msgstr "Nubes de Magallanes (ambas)" 19341 19342#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 19343#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:51 19344msgid "Ha'amonga" 19345msgstr "Ha'amonga" 19346 19347#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 19348#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:51 19349msgid "Ecliptic" 19350msgstr "Eclíptica" 19351 19352#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 19353#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:52 19354msgid "Mahina" 19355msgstr "Mahina" 19356 19357#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 19358#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:53 19359msgid "La'a" 19360msgstr "La'a" 19361 19362#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 19363#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:54 19364msgid "Fetu'u" 19365msgstr "Fetu'u" 19366 19367#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 19368#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:54 19369msgid "Star (in general)" 19370msgstr "Estrela (en xeral)" 19371 19372#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 19373#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:55 19374msgid "Fetu'ufuka" 19375msgstr "Fetu'ufuka" 19376 19377#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 19378#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:55 19379msgid "Comet" 19380msgstr "Cometa" 19381 19382#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 19383#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:56 19384msgid "'Umata" 19385msgstr "'Umata" 19386 19387#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 19388#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:56 19389msgid "Rainbow" 19390msgstr "Arco da vella" 19391 19392#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 19393#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:57 19394msgid "Fetu'u'Esiafi" 19395msgstr "Fetu'u'Esiafi" 19396 19397#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 19398#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:57 19399msgid "Falling star" 19400msgstr "Estrela que cae" 19401 19402#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 19403#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:58 19404msgid "tapukitea" 19405msgstr "tapukitea" 19406 19407#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 19408#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:59 19409msgid "Matamemea" 19410msgstr "Matamemea" 19411 19412#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 19413#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:60 19414msgid "Ma'afutoka (same as SMC)" 19415msgstr "Ma'afutoka (o mesmo ca PNM)" 19416 19417#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 19418#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:61 19419msgid "Ma'afulele (same as LMC)" 19420msgstr "Ma'afulele (o mesmo ca GNM)" 19421 19422#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 19423#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:62 19424msgid "Velitoa hififo" 19425msgstr "Velitoa hififo" 19426 19427#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 19428#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:62 19429msgid "Rigel" 19430msgstr "Rigel" 19431 19432#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 19433#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:63 19434msgid "Velitoa hahake" 19435msgstr "Velitoa hahake" 19436 19437#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 19438#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:63 19439msgid "Betelguese" 19440msgstr "Betelguese" 19441 19442#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 19443#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:64 19444msgid "Hikule'o" 19445msgstr "Hikule'o" 19446 19447#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 19448#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:65 19449msgid "Monuafe" 19450msgstr "Monuafe" 19451 19452#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 19453#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:65 19454msgid "Meissa" 19455msgstr "Meissa" 19456 19457#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 19458#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:66 19459msgid "Motuliki" 19460msgstr "Motuliki" 19461 19462#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 19463#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:67 19464msgid "Tu'ulalupe" 19465msgstr "Tu'ulalupe" 19466 19467#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 19468#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:68 19469msgid "Toloatonga" 19470msgstr "Toloatonga" 19471 19472#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 19473#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:69 19474msgid "Toloalahi" 19475msgstr "Toloalahi" 19476 19477#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 19478#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:69 19479msgid "False Cross" 19480msgstr "Falsa cruz" 19481 19482#. type: Content of: outside any tag (error?) 19483#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:72 19484msgid "<strong>Tongan constellations</strong>" 19485msgstr "<strong>Constelacións tonganas</strong>" 19486 19487#. type: Content of: <table><tr><th> 19488#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:74 19489msgid "Tongan name" 19490msgstr "Nome tongano" 19491 19492#. type: Content of: <table><tr><th> 19493#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:74 19494msgid "Designation or notes" 19495msgstr "Denominacións ou notas" 19496 19497#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 19498#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:75 19499msgid "Tuinga ika" 19500msgstr "Tuinga ika" 19501 19502#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 19503#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:75 19504msgid "Part of Orion, belt and sword" 19505msgstr "Parte de Orión, cinto e espada" 19506 19507#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 19508#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:76 19509msgid "Ae e'Uvea" 19510msgstr "Ae e'Uvea" 19511 19512#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 19513#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:76 19514msgid "Corona Borealis (<em>Speculative</em>)" 19515msgstr "Corona Borealis (<em>Especulativo</em>)" 19516 19517#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 19518#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:77 19519msgid "Fatanalua" 19520msgstr "Fatanalua" 19521 19522#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 19523#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:77 19524msgid "Coma Berenices (<em>Speculative</em>)" 19525msgstr "Coma Berenices (<em>Especulativo</em>)" 19526 19527#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 19528#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:78 19529msgid "Kapakau'o'tafahi" 19530msgstr "Kapakau'o'tafahi" 19531 19532#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 19533#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:78 19534msgid "Cassiopeia (<em>Speculative</em>)" 19535msgstr "Casiopea (<em>Especulativo</em>)" 19536 19537#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 19538#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:79 19539msgid "Toloa" 19540msgstr "Toloa" 19541 19542#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 19543#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:79 19544msgid "Belt of Orion" 19545msgstr "Cinto de Orión" 19546 19547#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 19548#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:80 19549msgid "Lua tangata" 19550msgstr "Lua tangata" 19551 19552#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 19553#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:80 19554msgid "Castor and/or Pollux" 19555msgstr "Castor e/ou Pollux" 19556 19557#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 19558#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:81 19559msgid "Fungasia" 19560msgstr "Fungasia" 19561 19562#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 19563#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:81 19564msgid "Toliman and/or Agena" 19565msgstr "Toliman e/ou Agena" 19566 19567#. type: Content of: <table><tr><td> 19568#: ../../skycultures/tongan/description.en.utf8:82 19569msgid "Houmatoloa (Toloa, toloatonga, toloalahi)" 19570msgstr "Houmatoloa (Toloa, toloatonga, toloalahi)" 19571 19572#. type: Content of: <h1> 19573#: ../../skycultures/tukano/description.en.utf8:1 19574msgid "Tukano Constellations" 19575msgstr "Constelacións Tukano" 19576 19577#. type: Content of: <p> 19578#: ../../skycultures/tukano/description.en.utf8:2 19579msgid "" 19580"Tukano is the common name for a group of indigenous tribes who live around " 19581"the northwestern region of Brazil, near Colombia and Venezuela. The group " 19582"shown in this work live on the banks of the Rio Tiquié within the Rio Negro " 19583"bay in the Amazonas State, Brazil." 19584msgstr "" 19585"Tukano é o nome común dun grupo de tribos indíxenas que viven arredor do " 19586"noroeste de Brasil, preto de Colombia e Venezuela. O grupo mostrado neste " 19587"traballo vive ás marxes do río Tiquié dentro da baía de Rio Negro no estado " 19588"de Amazonas, Brasil." 19589 19590#. type: Content of: <h5> 19591#: ../../skycultures/tukano/description.en.utf8:5 19592msgid "" 19593"<em>One circular calendar developed in 2007. For more details, please refer " 19594"to:</em>" 19595msgstr "" 19596"<em>Un calendario circular desenvolvido en 2007. Para máis detalles, " 19597"consultar:</em>" 19598 19599#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 19600#: ../../skycultures/tukano/description.en.utf8:7 19601msgid "" 19602"<a " 19603"href=\"http://www.sapientia.pucsp.br/tde_busca/processaPesquisa.php?listaDetalhes[]=4584&processar=Processar\"" 19604" class='external text' rel=\"nofollow\">Abstract</a>." 19605msgstr "" 19606"<a " 19607"href=\"http://www.sapientia.pucsp.br/tde_busca/processaPesquisa.php?listaDetalhes[]=4584&processar=Processar\"" 19608" class='external text' rel=\"nofollow\">Resumo</a>." 19609 19610#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 19611#: ../../skycultures/tukano/description.en.utf8:8 19612msgid "" 19613"<a " 19614"href=\"http://www.sapientia.pucsp.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=5684\"" 19615" class='external text' rel=\"nofollow\">Thesis</a>" 19616msgstr "" 19617"<a " 19618"href=\"http://www.sapientia.pucsp.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=5684\"" 19619" class='external text' rel=\"nofollow\">Tese</a>" 19620 19621#. type: Content of: <h3> 19622#: ../../skycultures/tukano/description.en.utf8:11 19623msgid "CONSTELLATIONS" 19624msgstr "CONSTELACIÓNS" 19625 19626#. type: Content of: <p> 19627#: ../../skycultures/tukano/description.en.utf8:12 19628msgid "" 19629"Constellations within Tukano astronomical culture are related with natural " 19630"phenomena as a whole. We gathered twelve constellations with a group who " 19631"speaks Tukano language. This is not the definitive number of constellations." 19632" There are, surely, more constellations to be described. We presented here " 19633"essentially “the main cycle” (CARDOSO, 2007) of the Tukano constellations. " 19634"Sometimes someone relate new discoveries about these Indians sky conceptions" 19635" or presents new constellation descriptions. Though we are establishing " 19636"limits and configurations to these constellations that are new to us (non- " 19637"Indians), they don’t organize this body of knowledge in the same way. Their" 19638" conceptions about sky and Universe are different when compared with ours. " 19639"They don’t organize and conceive ideas about the Universe as a whole, like " 19640"us." 19641msgstr "" 19642"As constelacións dentro da cultura astronómica dos Tukano están relacionadas" 19643" cos fenómenos naturais no seu conxunto. Reunimos doce constelacións cun " 19644"grupo que fala o idioma tukano. Este non é o número definitivo de " 19645"constelacións, seguramente hai máis constelacións que se describen. " 19646"Presentamos aquí esencialmente \"o ciclo principal\" (CARDOSO, 2007) das " 19647"constelacións dos Tukano. Ás veces alguén relaciona novos descubrimentos " 19648"sobre estas concepcións do ceo indio ou presenta novas descricións de " 19649"constelacións. Aínda que estamos establecendo límites e configuracións para " 19650"estas constelacións que son novas para nós (non indíxenas), non organizan " 19651"este coñecemento da mesma forma. As súas concepcións sobre o ceo e o " 19652"universo son diferentes cando se comparan coas nosas. Non organizan e non " 19653"teñen ideas sobre o universo no seu conxunto, coma nós." 19654 19655#. type: Content of: <p> 19656#: ../../skycultures/tukano/description.en.utf8:13 19657msgid "" 19658"Hereby we present few data from a research carried out with living people " 19659"and this data may be variable in near future. We worked with basic school " 19660"students, elders and story tellers comparing the talks and summarizing it as" 19661" you’ll see below." 19662msgstr "" 19663"Aquí presentamos uns poucos datos dunha investigación realizada con persoas " 19664"vivas e estes datos poden variar nun futuro próximo. Traballamos con " 19665"estudantes de ensino básico, maiores e contadores de historias comparando as" 19666" conversacións e resumíndoo como se mostra a continuación." 19667 19668#. type: Content of: <p> 19669#: ../../skycultures/tukano/description.en.utf8:14 19670msgid "" 19671"In general, we can say that a Tukano constellation, or parts of it, are " 19672"observed when its setting occurs, like the sunset (heliacal setting) during " 19673"the short period of an year. There are an amount of natural phenomena " 19674"related with this astronomical event. For example we can consider Aña’s head" 19675" setting during November and its relation with the increase and decrease of " 19676"the Tiquié river level. The variation of the river level is accompanied with" 19677" an emerging of different fishes which appear as the result of these " 19678"changeable natural conditions. Other larger fishes follow the first group " 19679"for multiple purposes (eating smaller ones for example). All of them eat " 19680"some fruits which eventually fall over the river surface. Ground animals and" 19681" microorganisms are interested on these fruits, as well as either. So, a " 19682"phenomenon first described as an astronomical set for us can be seen inside " 19683"a more complex behavior for Tukanos and their neighbors around this region. " 19684"Animals, plants and also spiritual manifestations are in a complex " 19685"relationship under the cosmological view that we can’t more ignore." 19686msgstr "" 19687"En xeral, podemos dicir que unha constelación dos Tukano, ou partes dela, " 19688"obsérvase cando se produce a súa posta de sol (posta heliacal) durante o " 19689"curto período dun ano. Hai unha serie de fenómenos naturais relacionados con" 19690" este suceso astronómico. Por exemplo, podemos considerar a cabeceira de Aña" 19691" durante novembro e a súa relación co aumento e diminución do nivel do río " 19692"Tiquié. A variación do nivel do río vai acompañada dunha aparición de " 19693"diferentes peixes que aparecen como resultado destas condicións naturais " 19694"cambiantes. Outros peixes máis grandes seguen o primeiro grupo con múltiples" 19695" propósitos (comendo outros máis pequenos, por exemplo). Todos comen algúns " 19696"froitos que finalmente caen sobre a superficie do río. Os animais terrestres" 19697" e os microorganismos están interesados nestes froitos, así como en " 19698"calquera dos dous. Así, un fenómeno descrito por primeira vez como un " 19699"conxunto astronómico para nós pode verse dentro dun comportamento máis " 19700"complexo para os Tukano e os seus veciños e veciñas en torno a esta rexión. " 19701"Animais, plantas e tamén manifestacións espirituais están nunha complexa " 19702"relación baixo unha visión cosmolóxica que non podemos ignorar." 19703 19704#. type: Content of: <p> 19705#: ../../skycultures/tukano/description.en.utf8:15 19706msgid "" 19707"The name of each constellation was written in this sequence: Tukano, " 19708"Portuguese and English. Ex. Pamõ\\Tatu\\Armadillo." 19709msgstr "" 19710"O nome de cada constelación foi escrito nesta secuencia: Tukano, portugués e" 19711" galego. Ex. Pamõ \\ Tatu \\ Armadillo." 19712 19713#. type: Content of: <h3> 19714#: ../../skycultures/tukano/description.en.utf8:17 19715msgid "Aña or Aña Diaso\\Jararaca\\Fer-de-lance" 19716msgstr "Aña ou Aña Diaso\\Jararaca\\Ferro de lanza" 19717 19718#. type: Content of: <h3><br><ul> 19719#: ../../skycultures/tukano/description.en.utf8:17 19720msgid "" 19721"<a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bothrops_jararaca\" class='external " 19722"text' rel=\"nofollow\">Aña - Jararaca - Jararaca (snake)</a>" 19723msgstr "" 19724"<a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bothrops_jararaca\" class='external " 19725"text' rel=\"nofollow\">Aña - Jararaca - Jararaca (serpe)</a>" 19726 19727#. type: Content of: <p> 19728#: ../../skycultures/tukano/description.en.utf8:19 19729msgid "" 19730"A big snake that is found in part of our Scorpius, Sagittarius and Corona " 19731"Australis constellations. Its setting with the sunset correspond of the " 19732"beginning of the year to this group of Tukanos." 19733msgstr "" 19734"Unha gran serpe que se atopa en parte das nosas constelacións Scorpius, " 19735"Sagittarius e Corona Australis. A súa aparición co solpor corresponde ó " 19736"comezo do ano para este grupo de Tukano." 19737 19738#. type: Content of: <h3> 19739#: ../../skycultures/tukano/description.en.utf8:20 19740msgid "Pamõ\\Tatu\\Armadillo" 19741msgstr "Pamõ\\Tatu\\Armadillo" 19742 19743#. type: Content of: <h3><br><ul> 19744#: ../../skycultures/tukano/description.en.utf8:20 19745msgid "" 19746"<a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armadillo\" class='external text' " 19747"rel=\"nofollow\">Pamõ - Tatu - Armadillo</a>" 19748msgstr "" 19749"<a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armadillo\" class='external text' " 19750"rel=\"nofollow\">Pamõ - Tatu - Armadillo</a>" 19751 19752#. type: Content of: <p> 19753#: ../../skycultures/tukano/description.en.utf8:21 19754msgid "" 19755"This constellation is found in our Dolphin constellation and part of Aquila " 19756"constellation. This group of faint stars takes place inside a poor stellar " 19757"field with exception of the bright Altair (Alfa Aquilae)." 19758msgstr "" 19759"Esta constelación atópase na nosa constelación de Golfiño e parte da " 19760"constelación de Aquila. Este grupo de estrelas débiles está dentro dun pobre" 19761" campo estelar con excepción da brillante Altair (Alfa Aquilae)." 19762 19763#. type: Content of: <h3> 19764#: ../../skycultures/tukano/description.en.utf8:22 19765msgid "Darsiu\\camarão de rio\\freshwater shrimp" 19766msgstr "Darsiu\\camarão de rio\\camarón de río" 19767 19768#. type: Content of: <h3><br><ul> 19769#: ../../skycultures/tukano/description.en.utf8:22 19770msgid "" 19771"<a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caridea\" class='external text' " 19772"rel=\"nofollow\">Darsiu - Pitu - Caridean Shrimp</a>" 19773msgstr "" 19774"<a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caridea\" class='external text' " 19775"rel=\"nofollow\">Darsiu - Pitu - Camarón carideo</a>" 19776 19777#. type: Content of: <h3> 19778#: ../../skycultures/tukano/description.en.utf8:23 19779msgid "Mhua\\Jacundá (peixe)\\A kind of fish" 19780msgstr "Mhua\\Jacundá (peixe)\\Unha especie de peixe" 19781 19782#. type: Content of: <h3><br><ul> 19783#: ../../skycultures/tukano/description.en.utf8:23 19784msgid "" 19785"<a href=\"http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacund%C3%A1\" class='external text' " 19786"rel=\"nofollow\">Mhua - Jacundá (peixe) - Jacundá (a kind of fish)</a>" 19787msgstr "" 19788"<a href=\"http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacund%C3%A1\" class='external text' " 19789"rel=\"nofollow\">Mhua - Jacundá (peixe) - Jacundá (peixe)</a>" 19790 19791#. type: Content of: <p> 19792#: ../../skycultures/tukano/description.en.utf8:24 19793msgid "" 19794"Both constellations are jointed together in a few bright stars of Aquarius " 19795"and Pisces area. But it is a wonderful challenge to try to see it during " 19796"the night." 19797msgstr "" 19798"Ambas as constelacións están xuntas nunhas poucas estrelas brillantes da " 19799"zona de Acuario e Piscis. Pero é un desafío marabilloso intentar velo " 19800"durante a noite." 19801 19802#. type: Content of: <h3> 19803#: ../../skycultures/tukano/description.en.utf8:25 19804msgid "Yai\\onça\\puma or jaguar" 19805msgstr "Yai\\onça\\puma ou xaguar" 19806 19807#. type: Content of: <h3><br><ul> 19808#: ../../skycultures/tukano/description.en.utf8:25 19809msgid "" 19810"<a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaguar\" class='external text' " 19811"rel=\"nofollow\">Yai - Onça - Jaguar</a>" 19812msgstr "" 19813"<a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaguar\" class='external text' " 19814"rel=\"nofollow\">Yai - Onça - Xaguar</a>" 19815 19816#. type: Content of: <p> 19817#: ../../skycultures/tukano/description.en.utf8:26 19818msgid "" 19819"It is a big constellation – one of the biggest – inside the north portions " 19820"of night skies. All night long near the horizon, the big puma is described " 19821"inside our Cepheus, Cassiopeia and Perseus constellations." 19822msgstr "" 19823"É unha gran constelación, unha das maiores, dentro dos ceos nocturnos do " 19824"norte. Durante toda a noite, preto do horizonte, descríbese o gran puma " 19825"dentro das constelacións de Cefe, Casiopea e Perseus." 19826 19827#. type: Content of: <h3> 19828#: ../../skycultures/tukano/description.en.utf8:27 19829msgid "Yhe\\garça\\egret" 19830msgstr "Yhe\\garça\\garza" 19831 19832#. type: Content of: <h3><br><ul> 19833#: ../../skycultures/tukano/description.en.utf8:27 19834msgid "" 19835"<a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egret\" class='external text' " 19836"rel=\"nofollow\">Yhé - Garça - Egret</a>" 19837msgstr "" 19838"<a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egret\" class='external text' " 19839"rel=\"nofollow\">Yhé - Garça - Garza</a>" 19840 19841#. type: Content of: <p> 19842#: ../../skycultures/tukano/description.en.utf8:28 19843msgid "" 19844"It is still in discussion the real position of this constellation, if those " 19845"stars are in the Berenices’ hair region or inside the Corvus. We choose the " 19846"first region because it was present as the real one by the Tukanos of São " 19847"José II tribe." 19848msgstr "" 19849"Aínda está en discusión a posición real desta constelación, se esas estrelas" 19850" están na rexión de Berenices ou dentro do Corvus. Eliximos a primeira " 19851"rexión porque era considerada como a real pola tribo Tukanos da São José II." 19852 19853#. type: Content of: <h3> 19854#: ../../skycultures/tukano/description.en.utf8:29 19855msgid "Yurara\\tartaruga\\turtle" 19856msgstr "Yurara\\tartaruga\\tartaruga" 19857 19858#. type: Content of: <h3><br><ul> 19859#: ../../skycultures/tukano/description.en.utf8:29 19860msgid "" 19861"<a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tortoise\" class='external text' " 19862"rel=\"nofollow\">Yurara - Cágado - Tortoise</a>" 19863msgstr "" 19864"<a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tortoise\" class='external text' " 19865"rel=\"nofollow\">Yurara - Cágado - Tartaruga</a>" 19866 19867#. type: Content of: <p> 19868#: ../../skycultures/tukano/description.en.utf8:30 19869msgid "" 19870"This constellation is described as the occidental Southern Cross " 19871"constellation. Sometimes this traditional occidental constellation also " 19872"means an Otter or a turtle by the Tukano people." 19873msgstr "" 19874"Esta constelación descríbese como a constelación occidental da Cruz do Sur. " 19875"Ás veces, esta constelación occidental tradicional significa tamén unha " 19876"lontra ou unha tartaruga do pobo tukano." 19877 19878#. type: Content of: <h3> 19879#: ../../skycultures/tukano/description.en.utf8:31 19880msgid "Nhorkoatero\\grupo de estrelas\\Pleiades" 19881msgstr "Nhorkoatero\\grupo de estrelas\\Pleiades" 19882 19883#. type: Content of: <h3> 19884#: ../../skycultures/tukano/description.en.utf8:31 19885msgid "Nhorkoatero - Grupo de Estrelas - Group of Stars" 19886msgstr "Nhorkoatero - Grupo de Estrelas - Grupo de Estrelas" 19887 19888#. type: Content of: <p> 19889#: ../../skycultures/tukano/description.en.utf8:32 19890msgid "" 19891"The translation of <em>nhorkoatero</em> is literally group of stars. " 19892"Identified as our Pleiades this is very significant as a time keeper within " 19893"a complex calendar to Tukano people. It is also used as a rainy period " 19894"pointer." 19895msgstr "" 19896"A tradución de <em>nhorkoatero</em> é literalmente grupo de estrelas. " 19897"Identificado como o noso Pléiades é moi importante como un marcador de tempo" 19898" dentro dun calendario complexo para as persoas Tukano. Tamén se usa como " 19899"indicador da época chuviosa." 19900 19901#. type: Content of: <h3> 19902#: ../../skycultures/tukano/description.en.utf8:33 19903msgid "Waikhasa\\moquém\\a kind of recipient to cook fish" 19904msgstr "Waikhasa\\moquém\\recipiente para cociñar peixe" 19905 19906#. type: Content of: <h3><br><ul> 19907#: ../../skycultures/tukano/description.en.utf8:33 19908msgid "" 19909"<a href=\"http://cozinhacomz.com.br/?food=muquiar-ou-moquear\" " 19910"class='external text' rel=\"nofollow\">Waikasa - Moquém - Moquém (a kind of " 19911"grill to cook fish)</a>" 19912msgstr "" 19913"<a href=\"http://cozinhacomz.com.br/?food=muquiar-ou-moquear\" " 19914"class='external text' rel=\"nofollow\">Waikasa - Moquém - Moquém (recipiente" 19915" para cociñar peixe)</a>" 19916 19917#. type: Content of: <p> 19918#: ../../skycultures/tukano/description.en.utf8:34 19919msgid "" 19920"It is identified with our Taurus Hyades open cluster of stars with the " 19921"bright Aldebaran following the Pleiades. This is an easy asterism to be " 19922"seen all over the sky." 19923msgstr "" 19924"Identifícase co noso Taurus Hyades grupo aberto de estrelas coa brillante " 19925"Aldebarán tras as Pléiades. Este é un asterismo doado que se pode ver por " 19926"todo o ceo." 19927 19928#. type: Content of: <h3> 19929#: ../../skycultures/tukano/description.en.utf8:35 19930msgid "Sioyahpu\\enxó\\instrument do carve wood" 19931msgstr "Sioyahpu\\enxó\\ferramenta para cavar a madeira" 19932 19933#. type: Content of: <h3><br><ul> 19934#: ../../skycultures/tukano/description.en.utf8:35 19935msgid "" 19936"<a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adze\" class='external text' " 19937"rel=\"nofollow\">Sioyahpu - Cabo do Enxó - Adze Handle</a>" 19938msgstr "" 19939"<a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adze\" class='external text' " 19940"rel=\"nofollow\">Sioyahpu - Cabo do Enxó - Mango do Enxó</a>" 19941 19942#. type: Content of: <p> 19943#: ../../skycultures/tukano/description.en.utf8:36 19944msgid "" 19945"As a part of Orion belt and two of the others brightest stars of this " 19946"constellation – our Betelgeuse and Bellatrix – this constellation represents" 19947" to Tukano group a part of a tool which is used to carve wood." 19948msgstr "" 19949"Como parte do cinto de Orión e dúas das outras estrelas máis brillantes " 19950"desta constelación, o noso Betelgeuse e Bellatrix, esta constelación " 19951"representa para o grupo Tukano unha parte dunha ferramenta que se emprega " 19952"para tallar madeira." 19953 19954#. type: Content of: <h3> 19955#: ../../skycultures/tukano/description.en.utf8:37 19956msgid "Sipé Phairo\\cobra de ânus grande\\a snake" 19957msgstr "Sipé Phairo\\cobra de ânus grande\\unha cobra" 19958 19959#. type: Content of: <h3><br> 19960#: ../../skycultures/tukano/description.en.utf8:37 19961msgid "Sipé Phairo - Cobra de Ânus Grande - Snake Large Anus" 19962msgstr "Sipé Phairo - Cobra de Ânus Grande - Cobra de Anus Grande" 19963 19964#. type: Content of: <p> 19965#: ../../skycultures/tukano/description.en.utf8:38 19966msgid "" 19967"This snake corresponds to our brightest Big Dipper stars. In a legend when " 19968"this constellation touches the horizon after the sunset almost all fishes in" 19969" the main river are swallowed by it." 19970msgstr "" 19971"Esta serpe corresponde ás nosas estrelas máis brillantes do Gran Cullerón. " 19972"Nunha lenda cando esta constelación toca o horizonte despois do solpor, case" 19973" todos os peixes do río principal son tragados por ela." 19974 19975#. type: Content of: <h3> 19976#: ../../skycultures/tukano/description.en.utf8:39 19977msgid "Diayo/lontra/otter" 19978msgstr "Diayo/lontra/lontra" 19979 19980#. type: Content of: <p> 19981#: ../../skycultures/tukano/description.en.utf8:40 19982msgid "" 19983"Described as our Southern Cross by part of the Tukanos in half Tiquié river," 19984" this constellation is also associated with star as Sirius in Cannis Major " 19985"in that region." 19986msgstr "" 19987"Descrita como a nosa Cruz Sur por parte dos Tukanos na metade do río Tiquié," 19988" esta constelación tamén está asociada a estrelas como Sirio en Cannis Maior" 19989" desa rexión." 19990 19991#. type: Content of: <h3> 19992#: ../../skycultures/tukano/description.en.utf8:41 19993msgid "Kai Sariró/Circulo de dança/Circle dances" 19994msgstr "Kai Sariró/Circulo de dança/Círculo de danza" 19995 19996#. type: Content of: <p> 19997#: ../../skycultures/tukano/description.en.utf8:42 19998msgid "" 19999"Those stars are mainly at Orion constellation and mean a circle of dances in" 20000" some special Tukano ceremonies." 20001msgstr "" 20002"Esas estrelas están principalmente na constelación de Orión e significan un " 20003"círculo de danza nalgunhas cerimonias especiais dos Tukano." 20004 20005#. type: Content of: <h4> 20006#: ../../skycultures/tukano/description.en.utf8:44 20007msgid "SOME WORDS ABOUT OUR RESEARCH WITHIN NORTWESTERN AMAZONIAN INDIANS:" 20008msgstr "" 20009"ALGUNHAS PALABRAS SOBRE A NOSA INVESTIGACIÓN NAS INDIAS AMAZONIANAS DO " 20010"NOROESTE:" 20011 20012#. type: Content of: <p> 20013#: ../../skycultures/tukano/description.en.utf8:45 20014msgid "" 20015"This work is part of an amount of researches developed as a survey, " 20016"conducted between 2005 and 2007 that resulted in a doctoral/PhD thesis " 20017"(Cardoso, 2007). Relying on Ethnomatematics sources (D’ambrosio, 2002), in " 20018"practical sky observation activities and on classical sources about " 20019"constellations observed in Brazil’s Amazon region, we accomplished a sky " 20020"mapping of these Indian ethnicity: Tukano, Dessano and Tuyuka but in " 20021"special, the first one. From the description of many constellations we " 20022"created an astronomical events and climate calendar along with students from" 20023" differentiated Yupuri’s indigenous school. Rain periods, drought, planting " 20024"and harvesting are marked by the sunset and sunrise of the major " 20025"constellations created by Amazonia northwest Indians" 20026msgstr "" 20027"Este traballo forma parte dunha cantidade de investigacións desenvolvidas " 20028"como enquisa, realizadas entre 2005 e 2007, que deron como resultado unha " 20029"tese doutoral (Cardoso, 2007). Baseándonos en fontes etnomatemáticas " 20030"(D'ambrosio, 2002), en actividades prácticas de observación do ceo e en " 20031"fontes clásicas sobre constelacións observadas na rexión amazónica do " 20032"Brasil, realizamos un mapeado do ceo desta etnia india: Tukano, Dessano e " 20033"Tuyuka, pero en especial, a primeira. A partir da descrición de moitas " 20034"constelacións creamos un calendario astronómico e os eventos climáticos " 20035"xunto con estudantes da escola indíxena diferenciada de Yupuri. Os períodos " 20036"de choiva, seca, plantación e colleita están marcados polo ocaso e amencer " 20037"das principais constelacións creadas polos indios do noroeste amazónico." 20038 20039#. type: Content of: <h4> 20040#: ../../skycultures/tukano/description.en.utf8:48 20041msgid "" 20042"Walmir Thomazi Cardoso gathered this information in a survey that is part of" 20043" his PhD. Thesis of Ethnomathematics (walmir.astronomia@gmail.com)" 20044msgstr "" 20045"Walmir Thomazi Cardoso recolleu esta información nunha enquisa que forma " 20046"parte do seu doutorado. Tese de Etnomatemática (walmir.astronomia@gmail.com)" 20047 20048#. type: Content of: <h4><br> 20049#: ../../skycultures/tukano/description.en.utf8:48 20050msgid "" 20051"Displays were made by Antonio Gumercindo Taques dos Santos (Ticão) and " 20052"Youssif Ganthous Filho (youssif@gmail.com)." 20053msgstr "" 20054"Os debuxos foron feitos por Antonio Gumercindo Taques dos Santos (Ticão) e " 20055"Youssif Ganthous Filho (youssif@gmail.com)." 20056 20057#. type: Content of: <h2> 20058#: ../../skycultures/tupi/description.en.utf8:1 20059msgid "Tupi-Guarani" 20060msgstr "Tupi-Guaraní" 20061 20062#. type: Content of: <p> 20063#: ../../skycultures/tupi/description.en.utf8:2 20064msgid "" 20065"Tupi-Guarani is a name given to a family of languages spoken by the " 20066"indigenous peoples of Brazil and other South American countries." 20067msgstr "" 20068"O tupi-guaraní é un nome dado a unha familia de idiomas falados polos pobos " 20069"indíxenas do Brasil e doutros países sudamericanos." 20070 20071#. type: Content of: <p><p> 20072#: ../../skycultures/tupi/description.en.utf8:5 20073msgid "" 20074"As with many cultures, constellations were identified and used to help keep " 20075"track of the seasons and predict the seasonal variations which affect daily " 20076"life. In the book <i>Histoire de la Mission de Pères Capucins en l'Isle de " 20077"Maragnan et terres circonvoisins</i>, published in Paris, 1614, it is stated" 20078" that the Tupi people identified some thirty constellations, but the book " 20079"only details seven." 20080msgstr "" 20081"Como en moitas culturas, identificáronse e usáronse as constelacións para " 20082"axudar o seguimento das estacións e predicir as variacións estacionais que " 20083"afectan a vida diaria. No libro <i>Histoire de la Mission de Pères Capucins " 20084"en l'Isle de Maragnan et terres circonvoisins</i>, publicado en París, 1614," 20085" indícase que os tupís identificaron unha trintena de constelacións, pero o " 20086"libro só detalla sete." 20087 20088#. type: Content of: <p><h4> 20089#: ../../skycultures/tupi/description.en.utf8:8 20090msgid "Ema" 20091msgstr "Ema" 20092 20093#. type: Content of: <p><p> 20094#: ../../skycultures/tupi/description.en.utf8:9 20095msgid "" 20096"The Tupi name for this constellation is <i>Iandutim</i> (<i>Guirá Nhandu</i>" 20097" in Guarani), which literally translates to <i>White Ostrich</i>. The " 20098"constellation depicts a large bird." 20099msgstr "" 20100"O nome Tupí para esta constelación é <i>Iandutim</i> (<i>Guirá Nhandu</i> en" 20101" Guaraní), que literalmente se traduce como <i>Avestruz branca</i>. A " 20102"constelación representa unha ave grande." 20103 20104#. type: Content of: <p><p> 20105#: ../../skycultures/tupi/description.en.utf8:11 20106msgid "" 20107"In the first two weeks of June this constellation is fully visible in the " 20108"Eastern sky in the evening, indicating the beginning of Winter in the South " 20109"of Brazil, and the start of the dry season in the North." 20110msgstr "" 20111"Nas dúas primeiras semanas de xuño esta constelación é totalmente visible no" 20112" ceo oriental pola noite, o que indica o comezo do inverno no sur do Brasil," 20113" e o comezo da estación seca no norte." 20114 20115#. type: Content of: <p><h4> 20116#: ../../skycultures/tupi/description.en.utf8:13 20117msgid "Homem Velho (the Old Man)" 20118msgstr "Homem Velho (Home Vello)" 20119 20120#. type: Content of: <p><p> 20121#: ../../skycultures/tupi/description.en.utf8:14 20122msgid "This constellation depicts an old man holding a stick." 20123msgstr "Esta constelación representa un home vello portando un caxato." 20124 20125#. type: Content of: <p><p> 20126#: ../../skycultures/tupi/description.en.utf8:15 20127msgid "" 20128"In the second half of December, the constellation is fully visible in the " 20129"evening Eastern sky. This marks the beginning of summer in the southern " 20130"parts of Brazil and the start of the rainy season in the North." 20131msgstr "" 20132"Na segunda quincena de decembro, a constelación é totalmente visible no ceo " 20133"oriental. Isto marca o comezo do verán nas partes do sur do Brasil e o " 20134"inicio da estación de choivas no norte." 20135 20136#. type: Content of: <p><ul><li> 20137#: ../../skycultures/tupi/description.en.utf8:19 20138msgid "<a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupi_people\">The Tupi People</a>" 20139msgstr "<a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupi_people\">O Pobo Tupí</a>" 20140 20141#. type: Content of: <p><ul><li> 20142#: ../../skycultures/tupi/description.en.utf8:20 20143msgid "" 20144"<a href=\"http://www.telescopiosnaescola.pro.br/indigenas.pdf\">The " 20145"Brazilian Indigenous Constellations</a> by Germano Bruno Afonso (Portugese)" 20146msgstr "" 20147"<a href=\"http://www.telescopiosnaescola.pro.br/indigenas.pdf\">As " 20148"constelacións indíxenas brasileiras</a> de Germano Bruno Afonso (Portugués)" 20149 20150#. type: Content of: <p> 20151#: ../../skycultures/tupi/description.en.utf8:24 20152msgid "" 20153"This sky culture was contributed by Stellarium user <i>Paulo Marcelo " 20154"Pontes</i>." 20155msgstr "Contribuíu a esta cultura de Stellarium <i>Paulo Marcelo Pontes</i>." 20156 20157#. type: Content of: <h2> 20158#: ../../skycultures/vanuatu_netwar/description.en.utf8:1 20159msgid "Vanuatu (Netwar)" 20160msgstr "Vanuatu" 20161 20162#. type: Content of: <p> 20163#: ../../skycultures/vanuatu_netwar/description.en.utf8:2 20164msgid "" 20165"The Netwar sky culture for Stellarium stems from a research which is ran " 20166"among the people of Vanuatu by Dominik M. Ramík and is <a " 20167"href=\"http://dominicweb.eu/en/vanuatu-sky/\">published online</a>. Netwar " 20168"language (its indigenous name, also sometimes called \"Lenakel language\" " 20169"after a major village in the area) is one of languages of Tanna island in " 20170"Vanuatu. Its constellations are strikingly similar with other languages of " 20171"Vanuatu, although names and meanings vary to some extent." 20172msgstr "" 20173"A cultura do ceo dos Vanuatu para Stellarium nace dunha investigación que " 20174"foi levada a cabo entre os habitantes de Vanuatu por Dominik M. Ramík e " 20175"Isnetwar. <a href=\"http://dominicweb.eu/en/vanuatu-sky/\">publicada " 20176"online</a>. A linguaxe chámase ás veces \"linguaxe Lenakel\" e é un dos " 20177"idiomas da illa de Tanna en Vanuatu. As súas constelacións son " 20178"sorprendentemente similares ás doutras linguas Vanuatu, aínda que os nomes e" 20179" significados varían ata certo punto." 20180 20181#. type: Content of: <h3> 20182#: ../../skycultures/vanuatu_netwar/description.en.utf8:4 20183msgid "Solar system" 20184msgstr "Sistema Solar" 20185 20186#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 20187#: ../../skycultures/vanuatu_netwar/description.en.utf8:6 20188msgid "Sun: Met" 20189msgstr "Sol: Met" 20190 20191#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 20192#: ../../skycultures/vanuatu_netwar/description.en.utf8:7 20193msgid "Moon: Mawuk" 20194msgstr "Lúa: Mawuk" 20195 20196#. type: Content of: <ul><ul><li> 20197#: ../../skycultures/vanuatu_netwar/description.en.utf8:9 20198msgid "Waxing crescent: Mawuk wi - 'new Moon'" 20199msgstr "Lúa crecente: Mawuk wi - \"Lúa nova\"" 20200 20201#. type: Content of: <ul><ul><li> 20202#: ../../skycultures/vanuatu_netwar/description.en.utf8:10 20203msgid "" 20204"First quarter: Nail ratuatu - 'it stays straight', meaning that in the sky " 20205"the Moon appears straight in the zenith in the evening" 20206msgstr "" 20207"Primeiro cuarto: Nail ratuatu - \"permanece recto\", significando que no ceo" 20208" a lúa aparece recta no cénit pola noite" 20209 20210#. type: Content of: <ul><ul><li> 20211#: ../../skycultures/vanuatu_netwar/description.en.utf8:11 20212msgid "" 20213"Full Moon: Mawuk ramépép malwia - 'the Moon is like the fish épép malwia' " 20214"(Platax orbicularis); also Nati tawar - means that when the sun is setting, " 20215"the Moon just appears above the mountains" 20216msgstr "" 20217"Lúa chea: Mawuk ramépép malwia - \"a lúa é como o peixe épép malwia\" " 20218"(Platax orbicularis); tamén Nati tawar - significa que cando se pon o sol, a" 20219" Lúa só aparece enriba das montañas" 20220 20221#. type: Content of: <ul><ul><li> 20222#: ../../skycultures/vanuatu_netwar/description.en.utf8:12 20223msgid "Last quarter: Numanmel" 20224msgstr "Último cuarto: Numanmel" 20225 20226#. type: Content of: <ul><ul><li> 20227#: ../../skycultures/vanuatu_netwar/description.en.utf8:13 20228msgid "Waning crescent: Numanmel" 20229msgstr "Lúa crecente: Numanmel" 20230 20231#. type: Content of: <ul><ul><li> 20232#: ../../skycultures/vanuatu_netwar/description.en.utf8:14 20233msgid "Lunar eclipse: Mawuk ramemes - 'dead Moon'" 20234msgstr "Eclipse lunar: Mawuk ramemes - 'Morte da Lúa'" 20235 20236#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 20237#: ../../skycultures/vanuatu_netwar/description.en.utf8:16 20238msgid "Venus:" 20239msgstr "Venus:" 20240 20241#. type: Content of: <ul><ul><li> 20242#: ../../skycultures/vanuatu_netwar/description.en.utf8:18 20243msgid "Morning star: Fétukai" 20244msgstr "Estrela da mañá: Fétukai" 20245 20246#. type: Content of: <ul><ul><li> 20247#: ../../skycultures/vanuatu_netwar/description.en.utf8:19 20248msgid "Evening star: Kéwita" 20249msgstr "Estrela do serán: Kéwita" 20250 20251#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 20252#: ../../skycultures/vanuatu_netwar/description.en.utf8:21 20253msgid "Jupiter: Karatéi" 20254msgstr "Xúpiter: Karatéi" 20255 20256#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 20257#: ../../skycultures/vanuatu_netwar/description.en.utf8:22 20258msgid "Mahau ramiwuk: 'jumping star', bad omen foretelling someone's death" 20259msgstr "" 20260"Mahau ramiwuk: \"estrela que salta\", un mal agoiro que prognostica a morte " 20261"de alguén" 20262 20263#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 20264#: ../../skycultures/vanuatu_netwar/description.en.utf8:27 20265msgid "In general: Mahau" 20266msgstr "En xeral: Mahau" 20267 20268#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 20269#: ../../skycultures/vanuatu_netwar/description.en.utf8:28 20270msgid "Aldebaran: Kapaumeta" 20271msgstr "Aldebarán: Kapaumeta" 20272 20273#. type: Content of: <h3> 20274#: ../../skycultures/vanuatu_netwar/description.en.utf8:31 20275msgid "Constellations and deep-sky objects" 20276msgstr "Constelacións e obxectos do ceo profundo" 20277 20278#. type: Content of: <p> 20279#: ../../skycultures/vanuatu_netwar/description.en.utf8:32 20280msgid "" 20281"Note: the English names preceding the local names are here only to help the " 20282"reader locate the particular constellation in the frame of the Western sky. " 20283"The actual translations of the local names follow them." 20284msgstr "" 20285"Nota: os nomes galegos que preceden os nomes locais están aquí só para " 20286"axudar o lector a localizar a constelación particular no marco do ceo " 20287"occidental. Van seguidos das traducións reais dos nomes locais." 20288 20289#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 20290#: ../../skycultures/vanuatu_netwar/description.en.utf8:34 20291msgid "LMC and SMC: Nowanuman - 'earth oven'" 20292msgstr "GNM e PNM: Nowanuman - 'forno de terra'" 20293 20294#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 20295#: ../../skycultures/vanuatu_netwar/description.en.utf8:35 20296msgid "" 20297"Milky Way: Nemrau - 'ash'; also Nuafuganan - less common term of unknown " 20298"meaning" 20299msgstr "" 20300"Vía Láctea: Nemrau - \"cinza\"; tamén Nuafuganan - termo menos común de " 20301"significado descoñecido" 20302 20303#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 20304#: ../../skycultures/vanuatu_netwar/description.en.utf8:36 20305msgid "Orion's Belt: Kasulia apam - 'long yoke'" 20306msgstr "Cinto de Orión: Kasulia apam - \"xugo longo\"" 20307 20308#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 20309#: ../../skycultures/vanuatu_netwar/description.en.utf8:37 20310msgid "Orion's Sword: Kasulia rerparep - 'short yoke'" 20311msgstr "Espada de Orión: Kasulia rerparep - 'xugo curto'" 20312 20313#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 20314#: ../../skycultures/vanuatu_netwar/description.en.utf8:38 20315msgid "" 20316"Taurus' Head: Kou - 'pincers used for taking hot stones out of the fire'" 20317msgstr "" 20318"Cabeza de Tauro: Kou - 'pinzas usadas para sacar pedras quentes do lume'" 20319 20320#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 20321#: ../../skycultures/vanuatu_netwar/description.en.utf8:39 20322msgid "" 20323"Scorpion's Dart: Kahaur rul - 'rat', seen in the evening in zenith when it " 20324"is time to prepare gardens" 20325msgstr "" 20326"Dardo de Escorpión: Kahaur rul - 'rata', vista pola tarde no cenit cando é " 20327"hora de preparar os xardíns" 20328 20329#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 20330#: ../../skycultures/vanuatu_netwar/description.en.utf8:40 20331msgid "Orion's Body: Kilil - 'traditional fan' made from palm leaves" 20332msgstr "O corpo de Orión: Kilil - \"abano tradicional\" feito con follas de palma" 20333 20334#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 20335#: ../../skycultures/vanuatu_netwar/description.en.utf8:41 20336msgid "" 20337"Southern Cross: Suatu kywer - 'four customary ways' connecting four villages" 20338" with a nakamal; it rises in the evening in March and symbolizes the time " 20339"when in the nakamal people do temahwa for good harvest" 20340msgstr "" 20341"Cruz sur: Suatu kywer - \"catro xeitos habituais\" que conectan catro aldeas" 20342" cun nakamal; levántase pola tarde en marzo e simboliza o tempo no que a " 20343"xente nakamal fai temahwa para unha boa colleita" 20344 20345#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 20346#: ../../skycultures/vanuatu_netwar/description.en.utf8:42 20347msgid "" 20348"Pleiades: Nowaswas Lapnuman - 'young boys of Lapnuman'; also Neperawen " 20349"Lapnuman - 'young girls of Lapnuman'" 20350msgstr "" 20351"Pléiades: Nowaswas Lapnuman - \"mozos de Lapnuman\"; tamén Neperawen " 20352"Lapnuman - \"mozas de Lapnuman\"" 20353 20354#. type: Content of: <h3> 20355#: ../../skycultures/vanuatu_netwar/description.en.utf8:45 20356msgid "Names of objects with unknown position" 20357msgstr "Nomes de obxectos con posición descoñecida" 20358 20359#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 20360#: ../../skycultures/vanuatu_netwar/description.en.utf8:47 20361msgid "" 20362"Mowaimawuk - name of an unidentified star, said to be close to the Moon or " 20363"to rise close to it" 20364msgstr "" 20365"Mowaimawuk - nome dunha estrela non identificada, que se di que está preto " 20366"da Lúa" 20367 20368#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 20369#: ../../skycultures/vanuatu_netwar/description.en.utf8:48 20370msgid "" 20371"Iaiapom - name of an unidentified star (possibly Altair), which sets in the " 20372"morning in time of preparation of gardens (July)" 20373msgstr "" 20374"Iaiapom - nome dunha estrela non identificada (posiblemente Altair), que se " 20375"pon pola mañá no momento da preparación dos xardíns (xullo)" 20376 20377#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 20378#: ../../skycultures/vanuatu_netwar/description.en.utf8:49 20379msgid "" 20380"Koraiapom - name of an unidentified star (possibly Rigel), found in " 20381"September in the morning near zenith" 20382msgstr "" 20383"Koraiapom - nome dunha estrela non identificada (posiblemente Rigel), que " 20384"está en setembro pola mañá preto do cenit" 20385 20386#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 20387#: ../../skycultures/vanuatu_netwar/description.en.utf8:50 20388msgid "" 20389"Kwankaio - name of an unidentified star (possibly Procyon), rising in " 20390"February in the morning" 20391msgstr "" 20392"Kwankaio: nome dunha estrela non identificada (posiblemente Procyon), que " 20393"sobe en febreiro pola mañá" 20394 20395#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 20396#: ../../skycultures/vanuatu_netwar/description.en.utf8:55 20397msgid "" 20398"Project <a href=\"http://dominicweb.eu/en/vanuatu-sky/\">Vanuatu Sky</a> " 20399"including Netwar data alongside other languages of Vanuatu" 20400msgstr "" 20401"Proxecto <a href=\"http://dominicweb.eu/en/vanuatu-sky/\">Vanuatu Sky</a> " 20402"que inclúe datos Netwar noutras linguaxes de Vanuatu" 20403 20404#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 20405#: ../../skycultures/vanuatu_netwar/description.en.utf8:56 20406msgid "" 20407"<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenakel_language\">Netwar language " 20408"on Wikipedia</a>" 20409msgstr "" 20410"<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenakel_language\">Netwar language " 20411"en Wikipedia</a>" 20412 20413#. type: Content of: <p> 20414#: ../../skycultures/vanuatu_netwar/description.en.utf8:60 20415msgid "" 20416"This sky culture was contributed by <i>Dominik M. Ramík</i>. Web: <a " 20417"href=\"http://dominicweb.eu\">dominicweb.eu</a>, e-mail: <a " 20418"href=\"mailto:dominik.ramik@seznam.cz\">dominik.ramik@seznam.cz</a>." 20419msgstr "" 20420"A esta cultura do ceo contribuíu <i>Dominik M. Ramík</i>. Web: <a " 20421"href=\"http://dominicweb.eu\">dominicweb.eu</a>, e-mail: <a " 20422"href=\"mailto:dominik.ramik@seznam.cz\">dominik.ramik@seznam.cz</a>." 20423 20424#. type: Content of: <p> 20425#: ../../skycultures/vanuatu_netwar/description.en.utf8:61 20426msgid "" 20427"Elders from local communities on Tanna, who contributed with their ancestral" 20428" knowledge to this project: Jimmy Napip from Ikumhala, Lomai Tain from " 20429"Ielkes, Sylvano Kapalu from Ipai, Iawilu Naumusapen from Lowkweria, Kasékasé" 20430" from Imapul, Nausien from Lamlu, Pierrot Nako Yaru from Lowanatom, Joe " 20431"Natuman from Lowkweria." 20432msgstr "" 20433"Anciáns das comunidades locais de Tanna, que contribuíron co seu coñecemento" 20434" ancestral a este proxecto: Jimmy Napip de Ikumhala, Lomai Tain de Ielkes, " 20435"Sylvano Kapalu de Ipai, Iawilu Naumusapen de Lowkweria, Kasékasé de Imapul, " 20436"Nausien de Lamlu, Pierrot Nako Yaru de Lowanatom , Joe Natuman de Lowkweria." 20437 20438#. type: Content of: <h2> 20439#: ../../skycultures/western/description.en.utf8:1 20440msgid "Western" 20441msgstr "Occidental" 20442 20443#. type: Content of: <p> 20444#: ../../skycultures/western/description.en.utf8:2 20445msgid "" 20446"Western sky culture is used internationally by modern astronomers, and is " 20447"the official scheme of The International Astronomical Union. It has " 20448"historical roots in Ancient Greek astronomy, with influences from Islamic " 20449"astronomy." 20450msgstr "" 20451"A cultura do ceo occidental é utilizada internacionalmente por astrónomos " 20452"modernos e é o esquema oficial da Unión Astronómica Internacional. Ten " 20453"raíces históricas na astronomía grega antiga, con influencias da astronomía " 20454"islámica." 20455 20456#. type: Content of: <p><p> 20457#: ../../skycultures/western/description.en.utf8:5 20458#: ../../skycultures/western_SnT/description.en.utf8:5 20459msgid "" 20460"The Western culture divides the celestial sphere into 88 areas of various " 20461"sizes called <i>constellations</i>, each with precise boundary, issued by " 20462"the International Astronomical Union. These constellations have become the " 20463"standard way to describe the sky, replacing similar sets in other sky " 20464"cultures exhaustively in daily usage." 20465msgstr "" 20466"A cultura occidental divide a esfera celeste en 88 áreas de varios tamaños " 20467"chamadas <i>constelacións</i>, cada unha cun límite preciso, elaborado pola " 20468"Unión Astronómica Internacional. Estas constelacións convertéronse no xeito " 20469"estándar de describir o ceo, substituíndo conxuntos similares noutras " 20470"culturas do ceo de xeito exhaustivo no uso diario." 20471 20472#. type: Content of: <p> 20473#: ../../skycultures/western/description.en.utf8:8 20474msgid "" 20475"Most of traditional western star names came from Arabic. In astronomy, " 20476"Bayer/Flamsteed designations and other star catalogues are widely used " 20477"instead of traditional names except few cases where the traditional names " 20478"are more famous than the designations." 20479msgstr "" 20480"A maioría dos nomes de estrelas tradicionais occidentais procedían do árabe." 20481" En astronomía, as denominacións de Bayer / Flamsteed e outros catálogos de " 20482"estrelas úsanse amplamente en lugar dos nomes tradicionais, excepto nalgúns " 20483"casos nos que os nomes tradicionais son máis famosos cás denominacións." 20484 20485#. type: Content of: <h3> 20486#: ../../skycultures/western/description.en.utf8:10 20487msgid "Alternative asterism files for Stellarium" 20488msgstr "Arquivo de asterismos alternativos para Stellarium" 20489 20490#. type: Content of: <p> 20491#: ../../skycultures/western/description.en.utf8:11 20492msgid "" 20493"<a " 20494"href=\"http://wackymorningdj.users.sourceforge.net/ha_rey_stellarium.zip\" " 20495"class='external text' rel=\"nofollow\">Asterisms by H.A. Rey</a>, from his " 20496"book \"The Stars: A New Way To See Them\", by <a class='external text' " 20497"href=\"http://sourceforge.net/users/wackymorningdj/\" rel=\"nofollow\">Mike " 20498"Richards</a>." 20499msgstr "" 20500"<a " 20501"href=\"http://wackymorningdj.users.sourceforge.net/ha_rey_stellarium.zip\" " 20502"class='external text' rel=\"nofollow\">Asterisms by H.A. Rey</a>, from his " 20503"book \"The Stars: A New Way To See Them\", by <a class='external text' " 20504"href=\"http://sourceforge.net/users/wackymorningdj/\" rel=\"nofollow\">Mike " 20505"Richards</a>." 20506 20507#. type: Content of: <p><p><ul><li> 20508#: ../../skycultures/western/description.en.utf8:15 20509#: ../../skycultures/western_SnT/description.en.utf8:14 20510msgid "" 20511"<a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constellation\" class='external text'" 20512" title=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constellation\" " 20513"rel=\"nofollow\">Constellation</a> article at Wikipedia" 20514msgstr "" 20515"<a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constellation\" class='external text'" 20516" title=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constellation\" " 20517"rel=\"nofollow\">Constellation</a> artigo na Wikipedia" 20518 20519#. type: Content of: <p><p><ul><li> 20520#: ../../skycultures/western/description.en.utf8:16 20521#: ../../skycultures/western_SnT/description.en.utf8:15 20522msgid "" 20523"<a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_catalogue\" class='external " 20524"text' title=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star catalogue\" " 20525"rel=\"nofollow\">Star Catalogue</a> article at Wikipedia" 20526msgstr "" 20527"<a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_catalogue\" class='external " 20528"text' title=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star catalogue\" " 20529"rel=\"nofollow\">Star Catalogue</a> artigo na Wikipedia" 20530 20531#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 20532#: ../../skycultures/western/description.en.utf8:17 20533msgid "" 20534"<a " 20535"href=\"http://hubblesource.stsci.edu/sources/illustrations/constellations/\"" 20536" class='external text' " 20537"title=\"http://hubblesource.stsci.edu/sources/illustrations/constellations/\"" 20538" rel=\"nofollow\">Constellation image library</a> of the U.S. Naval " 20539"Observatory and the Space Telescope Science Institute. Johannes Hevelius " 20540"Engravings." 20541msgstr "" 20542"<a " 20543"href=\"http://hubblesource.stsci.edu/sources/illustrations/constellations/\"" 20544" class='external text' " 20545"title=\"http://hubblesource.stsci.edu/sources/illustrations/constellations/\"" 20546" rel=\"nofollow\">Librería de imaxes de constelacións</a> do U.S. Naval " 20547"Observatory e o Space Telescope Science Institute. Johannes Hevelius " 20548"Engravings." 20549 20550#. type: Content of: <h2> 20551#: ../../skycultures/western_SnT/description.en.utf8:1 20552msgid "Sky & Telescope" 20553msgstr "Sky & Telescope" 20554 20555#. type: Content of: <p> 20556#: ../../skycultures/western_SnT/description.en.utf8:2 20557msgid "" 20558"Western sky culture is used internationally by modern astronomers, and is " 20559"the official scheme of The International Astronomical Union. It has " 20560"historical roots in Ancient Greek astronomy, with influences from Islamic " 20561"astronomy. The constellation figures and star names come from Sky & " 20562"Telescope's definitions, and should be familiar to users of Sky & " 20563"Telescope's Pocket Sky Atlas, Sky Atlas 2000.0, and the figures in Sky & " 20564"Telescope magazine." 20565msgstr "" 20566"A cultura do ceo occidental é utilizada internacionalmente por astrónomos " 20567"modernos e é o esquema oficial da Unión Astronómica Internacional. Ten " 20568"raíces históricas na astronomía grega antiga, con influencias da astronomía " 20569"islámica. As figuras da constelación e os nomes de estrelas proceden das " 20570"definicións de Sky & Telescope e deberían ser familiares para os usuarios do" 20571" Sky Atlas de peto Sky & Telescope, Sky Atlas 2000.0, e as figuras da " 20572"revista Sky & Telescope." 20573 20574#. type: Content of: <p><p> 20575#: ../../skycultures/western_SnT/description.en.utf8:7 20576msgid "" 20577"Note: the Sky & Telescope sky culture does not provide constellation lines " 20578"for Microscopium or Mensa." 20579msgstr "" 20580"Nota: a cultura do ceo de Sky & Telescope non prové liñas de constelacións " 20581"para Microscopium ou Mensa." 20582 20583#. type: Content of: <p><p> 20584#: ../../skycultures/western_SnT/description.en.utf8:10 20585msgid "" 20586"The method used by Sky & Telescope to determine star names is detailed in " 20587"the included <i>SnT_star_names.docx</i> file." 20588msgstr "" 20589"O método empregado por Sky & Telescope para determinar os nomes de estrelas " 20590"detállase no ficheiro <i>SnT_star_names.docx</i> ." 20591 20592#. type: Content of: <p><p><ul><li> 20593#: ../../skycultures/western_SnT/description.en.utf8:13 20594msgid "" 20595"<a href=\"https://www.skyandtelescope.com\" class='external text' " 20596"title=\"Sky & Telescope\" rel=\"nofollow\">Sky & Telescope</a> homepage" 20597msgstr "" 20598"<a href=\"https://www.skyandtelescope.com\" class='external text' " 20599"title=\"Sky & Telescope\" rel=\"nofollow\">Sky & Telescope</a> homepage" 20600 20601#. type: Content of: <p><p><ul><li> 20602#: ../../skycultures/western_SnT/description.en.utf8:16 20603msgid "" 20604"<a href=\"http://www.iau.org/public/constellations/\" class='external text' " 20605"title=\"http://www.iau.org/public/constellations\" rel=\"nofollow\">Official" 20606" IAU constellation information</a>" 20607msgstr "" 20608"<a href=\"http://www.iau.org/public/constellations/\" class='external text' " 20609"title=\"http://www.iau.org/public/constellations\" rel=\"nofollow\">Official" 20610" IAU constellation information</a>" 20611 20612#. type: Content of: <h2> 20613#: ../../skycultures/western_hlad/description.en.utf8:1 20614msgid "Western (O.Hlad)" 20615msgstr "Western (O.Hlad)" 20616 20617#. type: Content of: <p> 20618#: ../../skycultures/western_hlad/description.en.utf8:3 20619msgid "Constellations according to classical Czech publication:" 20620msgstr "Constellations according to classical Czech publication:" 20621 20622#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 20623#: ../../skycultures/western_hlad/description.en.utf8:6 20624msgid "" 20625"Hlad, Hovorka, Polechová, Weiselová (1988): <em>Hvězdná obloha 2000.0</em>. " 20626"Praha: Geodetický a kartografický podnik." 20627msgstr "" 20628"Hlad, Hovorka, Polechová, Weiselová (1988): <em>Hvězdná obloha 2000.0</em>. " 20629"Praha: Geodetický a kartografický podnik." 20630 20631#. type: Content of: <p> 20632#: ../../skycultures/western_hlad/description.en.utf8:9 20633msgid "Another (rather similar) Czech and Slovak references are:" 20634msgstr "Outras referencias similares Checas e Eslovacas son:" 20635 20636#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 20637#: ../../skycultures/western_hlad/description.en.utf8:12 20638msgid "" 20639"Hlad, Hovorka, Sojka, Weiselová (2000): <em>Atlas Coeli Novus 2000.0</em>. " 20640"Praha: Hvězdárna a planetárium hl. m. Prahy, ETC publishing." 20641msgstr "" 20642"Hlad, Hovorka, Sojka, Weiselová (2000): <em>Atlas Coeli Novus 2000.0</em>. " 20643"Praha: Hvězdárna a planetárium hl. m. Prahy, ETC publishing." 20644 20645#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 20646#: ../../skycultures/western_hlad/description.en.utf8:13 20647msgid "" 20648"Pittich, Kalmančok (1981): <em>Obloha na dlani</em>. Bratislava: Obzor." 20649msgstr "" 20650"Pittich, Kalmančok (1981): <em>Obloha na dlani</em>. Bratislava: Obzor." 20651 20652#. type: Content of: <p> 20653#: ../../skycultures/western_hlad/description.en.utf8:19 20654msgid "" 20655"Constellation lines are designed so they mostly connect stars with Greek-" 20656"letter (α, β, γ, ...) designations, brightest, or at least similarly bright " 20657"stars, and especially if they form a mnemotechnic figure (like 'W' in case " 20658"of Cas, or 'hurdles-runner' instead of Vir). We usually do <em>not</em> use" 20659" 5th magnitude stars, because they are difficult to spot in towns affected " 20660"by light pollution. The resulting figures are also a bit simpler and " 20661"easier-to-remember for children. We use these constellations at the " 20662"Observatory and Planetarium Hradec Králové (<a " 20663"href=\"http://www.astrohk.cz\">http://www.astrohk.cz</a>)." 20664msgstr "" 20665"As liñas de constelación están deseñadas para conectar as estrelas con " 20666"letras gregas (α, β, γ, ...), as estrelas máis brillantes ou as de brillo " 20667"semellante, e especialmente se forman unha figura mnemotécnica (como \"W\" " 20668"no caso. de Cas, ou \"saltador de obstáculos\" en vez de Vir). Adoitamos " 20669"<em>non</em> usar estrelas de 5ª magnitude, porque son difíciles de detectar" 20670" en cidades afectadas pola contaminación lumínica. As cifras resultantes " 20671"tamén son un pouco máis sinxelas e fáciles de recordar para os nenos. " 20672"Empregamos estas constelacións no Observatorio e no Planetario Hradec " 20673"Králové (<a href=\"http://www.astrohk.cz\">http://www.astrohk.cz</a>)." 20674 20675#. type: Content of: <p> 20676#: ../../skycultures/western_hlad/description.en.utf8:28 20677msgid "" 20678"Notes: UMa is taken from Pittich and Kalmančok (1981); M81 and M82 galaxies " 20679"are just behind Bear's head. Gem is a similar case. Cam seems upside-down " 20680"with respect to a mythological figure, but HIP 29997, 33694 stars are indeed" 20681" brighter." 20682msgstr "" 20683"Notas: UMa está tomado de Pittich e Kalmančok (1981); As galaxias M81 e M82 " 20684"están xusto detrás da cabeza do Oso. Gem é un caso similar. Cam parece cara " 20685"arriba abaixo con respecto a unha figura mitolóxica, pero as estrelas HIP " 20686"29997, 33694 son realmente máis brillantes." 20687 20688#. type: Content of: <h3> 20689#: ../../skycultures/western_hlad/description.en.utf8:33 20690msgid "Updates" 20691msgstr "Actualizacións" 20692 20693#. type: Content of: <p> 20694#: ../../skycultures/western_hlad/description.en.utf8:35 20695msgid "Version 1.0 for Stellarium 0.13.1" 20696msgstr "Versión 1.0 para Stellarium 0.13.1" 20697 20698#. type: Content of: <p> 20699#: ../../skycultures/western_hlad/description.en.utf8:37 20700msgid "" 20701"Future updates should be available at <a " 20702"href=\"http://sirrah.troja.mff.cuni.cz/~mira/souhvezdi/\">http://sirrah.troja.mff.cuni.cz/~mira/souhvezdi/</a>" 20703msgstr "" 20704"Futuras actualizacións estarán dispoñibles en <a " 20705"href=\"http://sirrah.troja.mff.cuni.cz/~mira/souhvezdi/\">http://sirrah.troja.mff.cuni.cz/~mira/souhvezdi/</a>" 20706 20707#. type: Content of: <h2> 20708#: ../../skycultures/western_rey/description.en.utf8:1 20709msgid "Western: H.A. Rey" 20710msgstr "Western: H.A. Rey" 20711 20712#. type: Content of: <p> 20713#: ../../skycultures/western_rey/description.en.utf8:5 20714msgid "" 20715"During the 19th century the use and further editions of richly illustrated " 20716"atlases with sumptuously engraved mythological figures fell out of fashion. " 20717"The stars of the constellations in atlases of that time started to be shown " 20718"connected with line patterns (\"stick figures\"), which however appear " 20719"sometimes only to have been used to indicate which stars belong to which " 20720"constellation. Over several decades the figures had ceased to resemble the " 20721"figures they were named after and appeared incomprehensible to beginning " 20722"stargazers in the middle of the 20th century." 20723msgstr "" 20724"Durante o século XIX estaba de moda o uso de edicións de atlas ricamente " 20725"ilustrados con figuras mitolóxicas suntuosamente gravadas. As estrelas das " 20726"constelacións nos atlas daquela época comezaron a mostrarse relacionadas con" 20727" patróns de liña (\"figuras de pau\"), que ás veces só parecen usarse para " 20728"indicar a que estrelas pertencen as constelacións. Durante varias décadas, " 20729"as figuras deixaron de semellarse ás figuras que lles daban nome e parecían " 20730"incomprensibles nos inicios e mediados do século XX." 20731 20732#. type: Content of: <p> 20733#: ../../skycultures/western_rey/description.en.utf8:16 20734msgid "" 20735"H. A. Rey (Hans Augusto Reyersbach) (1898-1977), an artist and author of " 20736"children's books of German descent but emigrated to the USA, published his " 20737"answer to this problem in 1952 with the book <em>The Stars - A New Way To " 20738"See Them</em>." 20739msgstr "" 20740"H. A. Rey (Hans Augusto Reyersbach) (1898-1977), artista e autor de libros " 20741"infantís de orixe alemá pero emigrado ós EUA, publicou a súa resposta a este" 20742" problema en 1952 co libro <em>The Stars - A New Way To See Them</em>." 20743 20744#. type: Content of: <h4> 20745#: ../../skycultures/western_rey/description.en.utf8:22 20746msgid "The Constellations" 20747msgstr "As constelacións" 20748 20749#. type: Content of: <p> 20750#: ../../skycultures/western_rey/description.en.utf8:24 20751msgid "" 20752"In this book, which has become very popular especially in the US, Rey " 20753"connected the stars of every constellation \"in such a way that the " 20754"resulting shape makes sense.\" What surprised him was \"that nobody has done" 20755" it before. The basic idea is so simple.\"" 20756msgstr "" 20757"Neste libro, que se popularizou especialmente en Estados Unidos, Rey " 20758"conectou as estrelas de cada constelación \"de tal xeito que a forma " 20759"resultante tivese sentido\". O que o sorprendeu foi \"que ninguén o fixera " 20760"antes. A idea básica é tan sinxela\"." 20761 20762#. type: Content of: <p> 20763#: ../../skycultures/western_rey/description.en.utf8:29 20764msgid "" 20765"Rey's new stick figures make it indeed very simple to recognize the depicted" 20766" constellation figures. Rey's work does not include figurative artwork, " 20767"therefore this sky culture deliberately only comes with Rey's original stick" 20768" figures. The constellation names were also always given in English by Rey." 20769" If you switch to \"Native\" name display mode, you may see exactly the " 20770"spelling used in his book. Also the stars named here are limited to those " 20771"included in the book." 20772msgstr "" 20773"As novas figuras de Rey fan que sexa moi sinxelo recoñecer as figuras das " 20774"constelacións representadas. A obra de Rey non inclúe obras de arte " 20775"figurativas, polo que esta cultura do ceo vén deliberadamente só coas " 20776"figuras orixinais de Rey. Rey tamén deu os nomes das constelacións en " 20777"inglés. Se cambias ó modo de visualización de nomes \"Nativos\", pode que " 20778"vexas exactamente a grafía empregada no seu libro. Tamén as estrelas " 20779"nomeadas aquí se limítan ás incluídas no libro." 20780 20781#. type: Content of: <h4> 20782#: ../../skycultures/western_rey/description.en.utf8:37 20783msgid "Rey's Figures and the Classic Constellations" 20784msgstr "Figuras de Rey e constelacións clásicas" 20785 20786#. type: Content of: <p> 20787#: ../../skycultures/western_rey/description.en.utf8:39 20788msgid "" 20789"Rey's constellations adhere to the tradition of the Western sky culture and " 20790"describes the 88 officially acknowledged constellations, with addition of " 20791"asterisms of the two Dippers and the \"Great Square\" (of Pegasus). " 20792"However, at several points Rey's figures deviate from the canonical figures " 20793"described since Ptolemy's Almagest (2nd century AD), where also positions of" 20794" the stars in their constellations had been described in their names. For " 20795"example," 20796msgstr "" 20797"As constelacións de Rey adhírense á tradición da cultura do ceo occidental e" 20798" describen as 88 constelacións oficialmente recoñecidas, engadindo " 20799"asterismos dos dous culleróns e a \"Praza Grande\" (de Pegasus). Non " 20800"obstante, en varios puntos as figuras de Rey desvíanse das figuras canónicas" 20801" descritas desde o Almagest de Ptolomeo (século II d.C), onde tamén se " 20802"describiron posicións das estrelas nas súas constelacións cos seus nomes. " 20803"Por exemplo," 20804 20805#. type: Content of: <p><ul><li> 20806#: ../../skycultures/western_rey/description.en.utf8:47 20807msgid "" 20808"Rey inverted the figure of the Great Bear (<em>Ursa Major</em>) to look " 20809"like a polar bear scenting prey. This on one hand does not have the usual " 20810"problem to explain its long tail. On the other hand, the bear is not shown " 20811"to walk around the pole in this orientation." 20812msgstr "" 20813"Rey inverteu a figura do Gran Oso (<em>Ursa Maior</em>) para parecer un oso" 20814" polar cheirando presas. Isto por unha banda evita o problema habitual de " 20815"explicar a súa longa cola. Por outra banda, non se mostra que o oso camiñe " 20816"arredor do polo nesta orientación." 20817 20818#. type: Content of: <p><ul><li> 20819#: ../../skycultures/western_rey/description.en.utf8:53 20820msgid "" 20821"The Bull (<em>Taurus</em>), only the front of which is shown with long " 20822"upright horns in usual depictions, is shown with a complete body including " 20823"its tail, with horns stretched wide like those of a buffalo. Its bright eye " 20824"<em>Aldebaran</em> now lies in its neck." 20825msgstr "" 20826"O Touro (<em>Taurus</em>), só na parte frontal amosa longos cornos en " 20827"vertical; en representacións habituais móstrase cun corpo completo incluída " 20828"a súa cola, con cornos estirados coma os dun búfalo. O seu brillante ollo " 20829"<em>Aldebaraá</em> agora está no pescozo." 20830 20831#. type: Content of: <p><ul><li> 20832#: ../../skycultures/western_rey/description.en.utf8:58 20833msgid "" 20834"The head of <em>Hercules</em> is usually next to the head of " 20835"<em>Ophiuchus</em>, the serpent holder, and the four stars known as " 20836"\"keystone\" form his body. Rey makes his head out of the keystone, and the " 20837"star that usually marks the hero's head is now one of his feet." 20838msgstr "" 20839"A cabeza de <em>Hércules</em> está usualmente xunto a cabeza de " 20840"<em>Ophiuchus</em>, o portador da serpente e as catro estrelas coñecidas " 20841"como \"pedra mestra\" forman o seu corpo. Rey pon a cabeza fóra da pedra " 20842"clave e a estrela que adoita marcar a cabeza do heroe é agora un dos seus " 20843"pés." 20844 20845#. type: Content of: <p><ul><li> 20846#: ../../skycultures/western_rey/description.en.utf8:63 20847msgid "" 20848"The Whale (<em>Cetus</em>) has been turned around, its former mouth now " 20849"forming a tail fin." 20850msgstr "" 20851"A Balea (<em>Cetus</em>) virouse, coa súa antiga boca formando agora unha " 20852"aleta." 20853 20854#. type: Content of: <p><ul><li> 20855#: ../../skycultures/western_rey/description.en.utf8:66 20856msgid "<em>Pegasus</em> exchanged feet and head." 20857msgstr "<em>Pegasus</em> mudou os pés e a cabeza." 20858 20859#. type: Content of: <p><ul><li> 20860#: ../../skycultures/western_rey/description.en.utf8:68 20861msgid "" 20862"<em>Bootes</em>, the herdsman, is shown sitting and smoking a pipe (no trace" 20863" of political correctness in a children's book of the 1950s... :-)" 20864msgstr "" 20865"<em>Bootes</em>, o pastor, móstrase sentado e fumando unha pipa (nin rastro " 20866"de corrección política nun libro infantil da década de 1950 ... :-)" 20867 20868#. type: Content of: <ul><li> 20869#: ../../skycultures/western_rey/description.en.utf8:75 20870msgid "<a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H._A._Rey\">H.A.Rey (Wikipedia)</a>" 20871msgstr "" 20872"<a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H._A._Rey\">H.A.Rey (Wikipedia)</a>" 20873 20874#. type: Content of: <p> 20875#: ../../skycultures/western_rey/description.en.utf8:80 20876msgid "" 20877"This sky culture used to be for a long time an easy user-installable addon " 20878"example contributed by Mike Richards. It has been reworked following the " 20879"41st reprint and completed with this description by Georg Zotti." 20880msgstr "" 20881"Esta cultura do ceo foi durante moito tempo un sinxelo exemplo de adición " 20882"instalable polo usuario achegada por Mike Richards. Foi reelaborada tras a " 20883"41ª reimpresión e completada con esta descrición por Georg Zotti." 20884